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475:'s attack on the siege positions around Breisach a few days later. The fall of Breisach on 17 December largely cut off Franche-Comté from the Empire and the rest of the Habsburg territories. Charles gave up the post of captain general in January 1639, relieved the besieged castle of his second wife in
541:
army of
England. Traditional accounts of the Cromwellian wars often dismiss the appeal to Lorraine as an act of desperation, but recently one historian has argued that the stateless Duke was in fact seriously interested in becoming the Protector of Ireland. In the summer of 1652, a number of ships
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ruler of France as its Chief
Minister, and had to flee several times to avoid charges and trial for treason. His allies and confederates generally bore the price of these escapades by the young and impetuous heir and Charles IV was one such. On one visit to the ducal court at Nancy, the widowed
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on the Upper Rhine, Charles was called upon to relieve it and attack the besiegers from two sides at the same time, together with the
Imperial and Bavarian troops on the right bank of the Rhine. Bernard, however, used the advantage of the inner line and was able to repulse Charles at
518:, he should be arrested after the Cardinal caught the conspirators. In July 1641, he managed to evade this by fleeing. He re-entered military service, fighting first on the side of the Spanish in Flanders, later in the south-west of the empire, where he took part in the
498:, he re-entered negotiations with France in early 1641, which returned his duchy to him as a French protectorate in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of 2 April 1641, on condition that he refrain from alliances detrimental to France. Charles's confidant
363:—and Richelieu's policies were always anti-Habsburg so as to increase the strength and prestige of France at the expense of the two dynasties. Gaston d'Orléans, frequently sided with either branch of the Habsburg family against Richelieu, who was
370:
Gaston fell in love with
Charles's 15-year-old sister and married her secretly, which so infuriated the king that he convened the clergy of France and the Parlement of Paris to void the marriage, giving consent only on his death bed.
657:, which was the consequence of his second marriage; it was also the month in which she bore a son whom Charles recognised. More than 20 years later, on 20 May 1663, Charles married BĂ©atrice de Cusance a second time, to allow
624:(1614–1663), daughter and heiress of Claude-François de Cusance, Baron de Belvoir, (1590–1633) and of Ernestine de Witthem, Countess van Walhain (before 1588–1649), who had become the widow of Eugene Perrenot de Granvelle
415:. Shortly thereafter, Nicholas Francis too fled into exile and abdicated his claims, which were now taken up once again by Charles, who remained Duke of Lorraine in exile for the next quarter century.
653:
His marriage to BĂ©atrice de
Cusance was not deemed valid by the Roman Catholic church, which had not authorised his divorce from Nicole. The couple separated in April 1642 following his
426:
to give them some rest after a long march from the Rhine. An outbreak of plague ended all hopes of further approaching Nancy. The next year, the
Imperials sent Charles to the Spanish
422:. The aggressive Charles and the defensive-minded Gallas did not go along well; while Charles urged to recapture his capital Nancy, Gallas preferred to entrench his troops at the
997:
446:
against the French over the next few years. He also made repeated forays into the French heartland or into
Lorraine to attack French garrisons. In May 1638, he advanced into
565:
In 1661, the French withdrew from
Lorraine, and Charles was able to return to the Duchy for the first time. In 1670, the duchy was again occupied by the French under King
1002:
1012:
399:. Forced to make humiliating concessions to France, he abdicated under the French pressure and invasion in 1634 in favor of his brother,
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by the jealousy of those who desired the loss of it, than they should be obliged for its recovery to the protection of his said
Highness
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island with supplies, one of the last strongholds of the Irish. Unfortunately
Charles faced great opposition by the Irish Leaders
821:
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258:
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764:
Matthias Gallas (1588–1647). Generalleutnant des Kaisers zur Zeit des Dreißigjährigen Krieges. Eine militärische Biographie
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Michael O Siochru, God's Executioner: Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland, Faber & Faber Ltd, London, 2008
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438:. Appointed captain general of the troops in Burgundy, Charles defended the core area of the Franche-Comté around
534:
533:
In 1651 Charles IV was approached by an Irish delegation who were seeking his support to defend Ireland from the
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617:, whom he deposed and replaced as monarch of Lorraine in 1625. They had no children and Charles abandoned her.
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Imperial Diet. However, as Charles continued to work against Richelieu and cover up the conspiracy of the
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502:, who was serving in the Bavarian military, announced the Lorraine negotiations with France to Emperor
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He came to lose his duchy because of his notionally anti-French policy; in 1633, French troops invaded
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d'Oiselet, Prince de Cantecroix (1615-1637), earlier that year; and had three children;
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In 1635, he tried in vain to recapture his duchy together with an Imperial army under
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355:—who repeatedly plotted against Richelieu's governance of France under the childless
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The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia
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infighting in the French court between the King's brother Gaston d'Orléans, and
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569:. Charles served in the Imperial armies in both the Thirty Years' War and the
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from 1624 until his death in 1675, with a brief interruption in 1634, when he
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The duchy was not restored to his family until more than twenty years later.
117:
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Von Nördlingen bis Jankau: Kaiserliche Strategie und Kriegsführung 1634-1645
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864:(in German), vol. 11, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 231–234
680:(1625-1702). They had no children and in 1679, a widow, she married Count
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751:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 934.
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Charles married a fourth time at the age of 61. The bride was Countess
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573:(1672–1678), both of which secured French dominance on the Continent.
816:(in German). Vienna: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum. pp. 194–197.
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In that circumstance and sense, Charles was a casualty of the fierce
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of their children. She died two weeks after this second marriage.
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558:. Lorraine eventually concluded that Ireland had been destroyed
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in November 1643, in which he defeated the French together with
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766:(in German). Münster: Aschendorff Verlag. pp. 136–139.
391:, even though technically, Lorraine was subject to the
335:
under French pressure in favor of his younger brother,
639:(1624–1694), Prince de Lillebonne in 1660, had issue;
695:
668:(1652–1692), the 18-year-old daughter of Charles of
359:
and treated dangerously with its enemies as a young
843:(in French). Nancy: Crépin-Leblond. pp. 96–97.
998:French military personnel of the Thirty Years' War
635:Anne de Lorraine (1639–1720), married her cousin
964:
811:
742:"Charles IV. or III. (Duke of Lorraine)"
853:
676:(1590-1671) and his wife, Marie Françoise de
584:, and died the same year in Austrian service.
1003:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
554:, both of whom were arch-royalists loyal to
622:BĂ©atrice de Cusance, Princess de Cantecroix
450:, moved from there to Lorraine, recaptured
27:
16:Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1625 to 1675
897:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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645:(1649–1723), Prince of Vaudémont and of
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351:in retaliation for Charles's support of
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327:(5 April 1604 – 18 September 1675) was
214: 1663; died 1663)
165: 1621; died 1657)
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430:, where he lifted the French siege of
1013:Military personnel from Nancy, France
840:Les seigneurs de Chateauvoué 966-1793
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483:, where he hoped for a new command.
458:in September. Since in the meantime
791:. Greenwood Press. pp. 78–79.
490:in 1640, where he took part in the
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259:Charles Henri, Prince of Vaudémont
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993:Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
688:, by whom she had two daughters.
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50:1 December 1625 – 19 January 1634
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666:Marie Louise of Aspremont-Lynden
632:Francis de Lorraine (1637–1638);
78:1 April 1634 – 18 September 1675
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605:Charles's only surviving son,
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714:Dukes of Lorraine family tree
500:Johann Wilhelm von Hunolstein
787:Guthrie, William P. (2003).
620:On 2 April 1637, he married
589:He is sometimes numbered as
486:After Charles fought in the
299:Francis II, Duke of Lorraine
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1008:Nobility from Nancy, France
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682:Heinrich Franz von Mansfeld
542:sent by Charles arrived at
462:was besieging the fortress
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411:and was victorious at the
255:François Marie de Lorraine
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225:Marie Louise d'Aspremont
812:Höbelt, Lothar (2016).
748:Encyclopædia Britannica
591:Charles III of Lorraine
454:in August and besieged
434:and advanced as far as
397:Ferdinand II of Austria
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854:Schmidt, Hans (1977),
613:Charles married first
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615:Nicolette of Lorraine
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556:Charles II of England
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151:Nicolette of Lorraine
576:In 1675 he defeated
520:Battle of Tuttlingen
413:Battle of Nördlingen
190: 1637;
879:O Siochru, Micheal
488:Spanish Netherlands
274:Charles de Lorraine
176:BĂ©atrice de Cusance
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578:François de Créquy
403:, and entered the
389:Cardinal Richelieu
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378:BĂ©atrix de Cusance
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988:Dukes of Lorraine
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952:Succeeded by
925:Succeeded by
881:God's Executioner
837:Jean, L. (1897).
823:978-3-902551-73-3
516:Count of Soissons
473:Johann von Götzen
409:Thirty Years' War
393:Holy Roman Empire
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571:Franco-Dutch War
528:Johann von Werth
508:Bavarian Elector
405:imperial service
401:Nicholas Francis
395:and the Emperor
361:heir presumptive
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115:5 April 1604
978:1675 deaths
973:1604 births
938:Nicholas II
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672:, Count of
548:Clanricarde
442:, Dole and
86:Nicholas II
83:Predecessor
69:Nicholas II
55:Predecessor
967:Categories
949:1661–1675
922:1625–1634
856:"Karl IV."
720:References
544:Inishbofin
512:Regensburg
357:Louis XIII
325:Charles IV
320:Charles IV
111:1604-04-05
59:Francis II
22:Charles IV
955:Charles V
567:Louis XIV
456:Lunéville
385:factional
333:abdicated
134:Allenbach
95:Charles V
91:Successor
65:Successor
883:, p. 162
692:See also
674:Reckheim
647:Commercy
535:invasion
506:and the
481:Brussels
464:Breisach
448:Bassigny
440:Besançon
366:de facto
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289:Lorraine
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436:Dijon
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550:and
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