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39:
87:
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In 1974 plans to link up the space surveillance centre with the missile warning centre and missile defence radars were realised. There were several problems with this. One significant issue was that they used different co-ordinate systems. A drawback of linking the early warning radars to the space
302:
To counter this, a programme called "Kosmos" was implemented. This programme asked the radar stations only to send information on requested objects and launches rather than everything they identified. One concern raised with "Kosmos" was that it took the radar stations two to three minutes to do
444:
The centre compares the measurements to the catalogue to see whether it is a known object. If not, additional data is collected to see if the signal represents a new orbit of a known object. If it is not, then a new object is catalogued.
468:
The Main Centre for
Reconnaissance of Situation in Space was formed on 1 December 2009 and since December 2011 it had been part of the Space Command of the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces, together with facilities such as the
208:
The purpose of the SKKP is to detect satellites, identify them and to discern their orbits. It maintains the
Russian catalogue of space objects and provides data which could be used to support space launches, feed an
457:(the Protivo-Vozdushnaya Oborona (PVO)) and was incorporated as part of the missile defence and space defence force. In 1998 SKKP became part of the missile and space defence organisation
291:
Construction on the centre began in 1965 and in 1968 a 5E51 computer was installed. The first part of the centre was placed on alert in 1970 and became operational in 1972, as part of the
745:
801:
V Dicky; Z Khutorovsky; A Kuricshah; A Menshicov; R Nazirov; A Pitsyck; S Veniaminov; V Yurasov (1993). "THE RUSSIAN SPACE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AND SOME ASPECTS OF SPACEFLIGHT SAFETY".
79:
314:. This required specialised equipment, such as Krona and Okno, which could analyse satellites at that height. In the late 1980s the centre received a new building housing an
110:
268:
The idea of a space monitoring system originated in 1963 and the design was agreed upon in 1965. From the beginning it included civilian astronomical stations run by the
330:
1079:
1204:
1199:
272:. The system needed to detect, identify and track satellites and create a satellite catalogue. The first satellite detection system consisted of eight
17:
524:
474:
741:
1024:
986:
940:
407:
851:
501:
461:(RKO) together with missile warning network SPRN and the anti-missile forces. In 2001 these services became part of the newly founded
1189:
214:
1053:
310:
The early warning radars could only cover satellites in low earth orbits. In the 1980s more US military satellites were placed in
709:
299:
surveillance centre was that it caused data on thousands of routine objects to be sent to the centre, overwhelming it with data.
1209:
583:
529:
470:
202:
194:
776:
1135:
429:
consisting of co-ordinates and velocities taken from the smoothing of discrete measurements. This data consists of range,
1162:
1172:
1167:
595:
645:
Most
Russian sources, including those in English use SKKP. Some sources use Russian Space Surveillance System, SSS.
426:
303:
this, which disrupted their tracking of ballistic missiles. It was important that the system concentrated on the
321:
The space monitoring centre was awarded the Soviet
Minister of Defence Pennant for Courage and Military Valour.
1093:
551:
534:
494:
1194:
883:
687:
626:
324:
In 2003 a notification system for detecting "special spacecraft" passing over the country was implemented.
292:
911:
269:
213:
programme and provide intelligence on hostile military satellites. It is the
Russian equivalent of the
487:
454:
1012:
974:
277:
525:
153rd Main Trial Centre for
Testing and Control of Space Means (Named after G.S. Titov (ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ£ ΠΠ‘))
255:
175:
281:
1085:
847:
510:
210:
934:
810:
462:
311:
307:
of hostile countries and filtered these out from the noise of the wider space environment.
285:
190:
57:
8:
1052:[The System of Space Monitoring of the Russian Federation] (in Russian). Vympel.
910:[Noginsk-9 Moscow Oblast (Dubrovo)] (in Russian). Noginsk9.ru. 17 January 2012.
814:
545:
1047:
304:
186:
715:
1127:
1089:
826:
822:
772:
318:-2 computer. Later a new network based on the Elbrus-90 Microcomputer was installed.
315:
225:
38:
1084:. Second European Conference on Space Debris, 17β19 March 1997, Darmstadt, Germany.
818:
193:
and receives intelligence from a network of reporting stations which includes the
86:
438:
434:
714:(in Russian). Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. n.d. Archived from
421:
The centre maintains the
Russian catalogue of space objects, similar to that of
1117:
1183:
1131:
830:
465:
and were incorporated as the 3rd
Independent Missile and Space Defence Army.
244:
125:
112:
273:
800:
1046:
Anisimov, V D; Batir, G S; Menshikov, A V; Shilin, V D (4 October 2006).
578:
479:
233:
The centre is based in the military village of
Noginsk-9 (Russian:
742:"Russia's Great Power Status Said Boosted By Space Monitoring Effort"
239:) about a kilometre to the south-west of the village of Dubrovo near
197:
as well as some stations only used for space surveillance such as
879:
675:
589:
430:
240:
65:
1081:
Low perigree satellite catalog maintenance:issues of methodology
1049:Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
607:
422:
1045:
905:
247:. It was previously known as TsKKP (Π¦ΠΊΠΊΠΏ) from Russian:
601:
229:
One of the four space surveillance radars at
Balkhash, 1967
198:
93:
821st Main Centre for Reconnaissance of Situation in Space
35:
821st Main Centre for Reconnaissance of Situation in Space
686:(2). Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies.
550:
425:. The radar stations send the centre a six-dimensional
850:. Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. n.d.
939:[They control space] (in Russian). polit.ru.
284:
in the Kazakh SSR which provided information for the
260:
180:
676:"Russian Air and Space Defense Troops: Gaping Holes"
530:
820th Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning (ΠΡΠΏΡΠ½)
165:
Main Centre for Reconnaissance of Situation in Space
1181:
1173:Video of the centre from TV Zvezda, 20 July 2012
411:Russian space surveillance stations in June 2012
185:) is the headquarters of the Russian military's
27:Russian military space surveillance headquarters
1109:
1006:
1004:
453:The space surveillance network was part of the
1168:Historical photograph of Noginsk-9 from Vympel
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
873:
871:
869:
495:
248:
234:
170:ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ
168:
49:ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ
1001:
535:821st Main Space Intelligence Centre (ΠΡΡΠΊΠΎ)
471:820th Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning
195:Russian missile attack early warning network
1077:
1073:
1071:
1039:
975:"Unknown Troops of the Vanished Superpower"
785:
262:Tsentr kontrolya kosmicheskogo prostranstva
1205:Military installations of the Soviet Union
1200:Soviet and Russian space program locations
866:
842:
840:
502:
488:
972:
766:
735:
733:
509:
189:network, SKKP. The centre is part of the
1068:
1010:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
932:
926:
673:
250:Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°
224:
215:United States Space Surveillance Network
1115:
837:
760:
739:
702:
265:meaning 'centre for space monitoring'.
14:
1182:
1056:from the original on 17 September 2009
933:Shironin, Alexei (21 September 2011).
907:ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊ-9 ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ (ΠΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ)
877:
771:. Ontario, Canada: Spacesecurity.org.
730:
1126:(in Russian) (339). Eastview: 44β46.
1122:[Patriotic SPRN β 40 years].
989:from the original on 24 December 2012
955:
943:from the original on 29 December 2011
914:from the original on 30 November 2012
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
586:, Zelenchukskaya, Karachay-Cherkessia
549:
483:
475:153rd Titov Main Space Testing Centre
1027:from the original on 28 January 2013
886:from the original on 12 January 2013
882:. Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces.
854:from the original on 7 December 2011
898:
711:ΠΠΎΠΉΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
437:, and in addition some radars send
24:
658:
25:
1221:
1156:
1138:from the original on 3 March 2016
748:from the original on 4 March 2016
393:
18:Centre for Outer Space Monitoring
1190:Military installations of Russia
690:from the original on 4 July 2012
674:Stukalin, Alexander (May 2012).
392:
379:
378:
364:
350:
336:
329:
85:
78:
37:
878:Podvig, Pavel (12 April 2012).
351:
639:
553:Main Space Intelligence Centre
13:
1:
1210:1971 establishments in Russia
979:Voyenno-Istoricheskiy Zhurnal
652:
337:
823:10.1016/0273-1177(93)90564-R
627:Joint CIS Air Defence System
448:
416:
365:
7:
1119:ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΠ Π β 40 Π»Π΅Ρ
620:
459:ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
261:
181:
10:
1226:
592:, Nakhodka, Primorsky Krai
270:Soviet Academy of Sciences
220:
1078:Khutorovsky, Z N (1997).
973:Votintsev, Yu.V. (1993).
767:Jaramillo, Cesar (2011).
740:Denisov, Vitaliy (2007).
571:
561:
517:
455:Soviet Air Defence Forces
249:
235:
169:
146:
141:
104:
73:
63:
55:
46:
34:
1163:Photo visit to Noginsk-9
1118:
1048:
935:
906:
710:
632:
1149:(subscription required)
1013:"ABM AND SPACE DEFENSE"
936:ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡ
288:anti-satellite system.
280:in Siberia and four at
126:56.077352Β°N 38.505063Β°E
230:
1086:European Space Agency
511:Russian Space Command
312:geosynchronous orbits
228:
1195:Russian Space Forces
1124:Novosti Kosmonavtiki
1011:Karpenko, A (1999).
680:Moscow Defense Brief
408:class=notpageimage|
286:Istrebitel Sputnikov
191:Russian Space Forces
131:56.077352; 38.505063
58:Russian Space Forces
1116:Marinin, I (2011).
815:1993AdSpR..13...21D
769:Space Security 2011
718:on 17 February 2012
305:military satellites
293:Soviet Air Defences
122: /
231:
187:space surveillance
778:978-1-895722-87-1
617:
616:
543:
542:
259:
179:
161:
160:
16:(Redirected from
1217:
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880:"Early Warning"
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1157:External links
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1017:Nevsky Bastion
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744:. Red Orbit.
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566:Space Command
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1177:
1140:. Retrieved
1123:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1080:
1058:. Retrieved
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1020:
1016:
991:. Retrieved
982:
978:
945:. Retrieved
928:
916:. Retrieved
900:
888:. Retrieved
856:. Retrieved
809:(8): 21β31.
806:
802:
768:
762:
750:. Retrieved
720:. Retrieved
716:the original
704:
692:. Retrieved
683:
679:
641:
604:, Tajikistan
467:
463:Space Troops
458:
452:
443:
420:
323:
320:
309:
301:
297:
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267:
232:
207:
164:
162:
142:Site history
48:
29:
848:"Structure"
562:Parent unit
129: /
105:Coordinates
1184:Categories
1095:9290922559
653:References
572:Components
278:Mishelevka
276:, four at
163:The 821st
117:38Β°30β²18β³E
114:56Β°04β²38β³N
1142:27 August
1132:1561-1078
1101:27 August
1031:27 August
993:27 August
985:: 12β27.
947:27 August
918:26 August
831:0273-1177
694:27 August
598:, movable
449:Structure
417:Catalogue
400:Noginsk-9
256:romanized
236:ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊ-9
176:romanized
1136:Archived
1054:Archived
1025:Archived
1023:: 2β47.
987:Archived
941:Archived
912:Archived
884:Archived
852:Archived
746:Archived
688:Archived
621:See also
386:Dunay-3U
282:Balkhash
56:Part of
1060:30 July
890:19 June
858:19 June
811:Bibcode
752:30 July
722:19 June
590:Krona-N
518:Centers
431:azimuth
358:Krona-N
241:Noginsk
221:History
152: (
66:Noginsk
1130:
1092:
829:
775:
608:Okno-S
596:Moment
556:(2012)
427:vector
316:Elbrus
182:GTsRKO
633:Notes
584:Krona
423:NORAD
344:Krona
203:Krona
147:Built
1144:2012
1128:ISSN
1103:2012
1090:ISBN
1062:2012
1033:2012
995:2012
949:2012
920:2012
892:2012
860:2012
827:ISSN
773:ISBN
754:2012
724:2012
696:2012
684:2012
602:Okno
473:and
433:and
372:Okno
201:and
199:Okno
154:1971
150:1971
819:doi
441:.
243:in
68:-9
1186::
1134:.
1088:.
1070:^
1019:.
1015:.
1003:^
983:11
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