38:
270:
that the CEC would carry out before any of the "institutional policy-making forums" (e.g. Parliament) were thus mostly ceremonial. At these forums, the CEC would exhibit total unity. Differences in the CEC rarely emerged as part of a larger group; dissenting CEC members would voice their dissent in private to Lee Kuan Yew.
269:
Most internal disputes within the CEC were confined to the CEC. Generally, the team would work out a consensus in the Prime
Minister's Office; contentious issues were often resolved by Lee's one-on-one discussions with individual CEC members. Having been previously resolved informally, the debates
258:
described the CEC's tight-knit dynamics as a small jazz band, where "each musician plays the same melody, but is with considerable latitude in the precise manner in which he backs up the others". Although party elections caused various members to enter and leave—overlooking the brief 1957 loss of
226:
The PAP's organisational structure has
Leninist roots whereby a group of elite PAP members known as cadres, elect 18 CEC members from a list of candidates. Originally when this structure was organised in 1957, the outgoing committee will recommended a list of candidates for the next CEC. This has
265:
was the core and firm centre of the CEC, providing "forceful leadership", in the words of political scientist Tilman. However, Tilman argues that he was not the strongman of the political system as is wont to be found in many developing nations, as Lee could be opposed "cautiously" by other CEC
234:, in an effort to prevent the popular leftist faction of the PAP, which dominated the party during its infant years, at the grassroots level and many of its committees and composed much of its early membership, from ever taking control of the CEC again.
237:
Prior to 1957, every party member could vote in the CEC elections. This had resulted in the leftists taking control of the CEC on 9 August 1957, with the original founders (the "Peranakan Circle") losing control. After Chief
Minister
200:(PAP) and its "inner circle". The internal concentration of power in the PAP is vested in the CEC, headed by the secretary-general, the highest-ranking position in the party.
388:
242:'s crackdown on many of the leftist leaders in the CEC in 1957, as well as many non-PAP leftist leaders, the "Peranakan Circle" regained control of the CEC.
760:
765:
259:
power to the leftists—the core of the first generation of the CEC remained roughly the same for several election cycles up until 1984.
250:
The core of the PAP, the members of the first generation CEC began much of their chemistry as a basement group in Lee Kuan Yew's
649:
318:
738:
659:
596:
612:
420:
710:
203:
From the 1950s, up until 1984, most of
Singapore's influential leaders were members of the CEC, as well as the
227:
been changed recently so that the CEC nominates eight members and the party caucus selects the remaining ten.
208:
278:
The following are members of the first-generation (1G) team, most commonly known as the "Old Guard":
197:
37:
521:
204:
8:
507:
193:
734:
706:
655:
592:
354:
As of 17 July 2023, the
Central Executive Committee comprises the following members:
588:
381:
215:
156:
150:
703:
Singapore's People's Action Party : its history, organization and leadership
393:
111:
620:
676:
479:
413:
371:
324:
218:
in which "the cardinals appoint the pope and the pope appoints the cardinals".
214:
The election of the CEC through "the PAP cadre system" has been described as a
95:
754:
486:
403:
342:
336:
330:
300:
294:
288:
255:
251:
231:
500:
493:
430:
282:
262:
239:
472:
440:
88:
457:
312:
306:
55:
266:
members if dissent or resistance to Lee's policies became necessary.
450:
654:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 53–69.
559:
This member is co-opted into the CEC on 26 November 2022
651:
Management of success: the moulding of modern
Singapore
543:
This member is co-opted into the CEC on 6 November 2022
585:Singapore politics under the People's Action Party
16:Executive of the Singaporean People's Action Party
752:
245:
36:
761:Executive committees of political parties
724:
722:
731:Lee's lieutenants: Singapore's old guard
643:
641:
639:
637:
463:
446:
409:
230:The cadre system was started in 1957 by
578:
576:
753:
719:
668:
647:
634:
582:
700:
573:
29:
728:
674:
555:
553:
551:
549:
539:
537:
13:
349:
14:
777:
766:People's Action Party politicians
705:. ć–°ĺŠ ĺťˇ: Oxford University Press.
546:
534:
30:37th Central Executive Committee
675:Koh, Buck Song (4 April 1998).
694:
605:
410:Assistant Secretaries-General
1:
566:
506:
499:
492:
485:
478:
471:
466:
456:
449:
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436:
429:
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367:
273:
221:
7:
515:
362:
359:
186:Central Executive Committee
69:; 67 years ago
23:Central Executive Committee
10:
782:
701:Pang, Cheng Lian (1971).
400:Deputy Secretary-General
246:First generation dynamics
172:
162:
148:
143:
133:
125:
120:
104:
86:
81:
63:
49:
44:
35:
28:
21:
613:"PAP announces 34th CEC"
527:
648:Tilman, Robert (1989).
447:Organising Secretaries
99:since 26 November 2022
677:"The PAP cadre system"
115:since 7 November 2004
733:. Allen & Unwin.
729:Lam, Peng Er (1999).
617:People's Action Party
583:Mauzy, Diane (2002).
198:People's Action Party
522:Cabinet of Singapore
437:Assistant Treasurer
209:Armed Forces Council
205:Cabinet of Singapore
508:Vivian Balakrishnan
194:executive committee
740:978-1-86508-172-4
681:The Straits Times
661:978-981-3035-42-3
598:978-0-415-24653-8
513:
512:
389:Secretary-General
192:) is the highest
182:
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106:Secretary-General
773:
745:
744:
726:
717:
716:
698:
692:
691:
689:
687:
672:
666:
665:
645:
632:
631:
629:
628:
619:. Archived from
609:
603:
602:
589:Psychology Press
580:
560:
557:
544:
541:
382:Masagos Zulkifli
357:
356:
178:By November 2024
77:
75:
70:
40:
19:
18:
781:
780:
776:
775:
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772:
771:
770:
751:
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748:
741:
727:
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673:
669:
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646:
635:
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624:
611:
610:
606:
599:
581:
574:
569:
564:
563:
558:
547:
542:
535:
530:
518:
394:Lee Hsien Loong
352:
350:Current members
276:
248:
224:
175:
168:6 November 2022
165:
153:
136:
116:
114:
112:Lee Hsien Loong
107:
100:
98:
91:
73:
71:
68:
59:
58:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
779:
769:
768:
763:
747:
746:
739:
718:
711:
693:
667:
660:
633:
604:
597:
571:
570:
568:
565:
562:
561:
545:
532:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
517:
514:
511:
510:
504:
503:
497:
496:
490:
489:
483:
482:
480:Indranee Rajah
476:
475:
469:
468:
465:
461:
460:
454:
453:
448:
444:
443:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
423:
417:
416:
414:Chan Chun Sing
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
396:
391:
385:
384:
379:
378:Vice-Chairman
375:
374:
372:Heng Swee Keat
369:
365:
364:
361:
351:
348:
347:
346:
340:
334:
328:
325:Jek Yeun Thong
322:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
275:
272:
247:
244:
223:
220:
180:
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176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
154:
149:
146:
145:
141:
140:
137:
135:Length of term
134:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
110:
108:
105:
102:
101:
96:Heng Swee Keat
94:
92:
87:
84:
83:
79:
78:
65:
61:
60:
54:
53:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
778:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
742:
736:
732:
725:
723:
714:
712:9780196381411
708:
704:
697:
682:
678:
671:
663:
657:
653:
652:
644:
642:
640:
638:
623:on 2017-09-07
622:
618:
614:
608:
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579:
577:
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556:
554:
552:
550:
540:
538:
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523:
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519:
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491:
488:
487:Josephine Teo
484:
481:
477:
474:
470:
462:
459:
455:
452:
445:
442:
435:
432:
425:
422:
418:
415:
408:
405:
404:Lawrence Wong
398:
395:
390:
386:
383:
376:
373:
366:
358:
355:
344:
343:Yong Nyuk Lin
341:
338:
337:Ong Pang Boon
335:
332:
331:Chor Yeok Eng
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:Ahmad Ibrahim
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:Goh Keng Swee
299:
296:
295:Toh Chin Chye
293:
290:
289:S. Rajaratnam
287:
284:
281:
280:
279:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
256:S. Rajaratnam
253:
243:
241:
235:
233:
232:Toh Chin Chye
228:
219:
217:
216:closed system
212:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
177:
174:Next election
171:
167:
164:Last election
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:Voting system
147:
142:
138:
132:
128:
124:
119:
113:
109:
103:
97:
93:
90:
85:
80:
66:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
31:
27:
20:
730:
702:
696:
684:. Retrieved
680:
670:
650:
625:. Retrieved
621:the original
616:
607:
584:
501:Tan See Leng
494:Ng Chee Meng
431:K. Shanmugam
353:
283:Lee Kuan Yew
277:
268:
263:Lee Kuan Yew
261:
249:
240:Lim Yew Hock
236:
229:
225:
213:
202:
189:
185:
183:
157:Cadre system
473:Cheryl Chan
441:Ong Ye Kung
421:Desmond Lee
345:(1918–2012)
333:(1930–2016)
327:(1930–2018)
321:(1927–1962)
315:(1924–2017)
309:(1923–2005)
303:(1918–2010)
297:(1921–2012)
291:(1915–2006)
285:(1923–2015)
196:within the
64:Established
755:Categories
627:2017-09-07
567:References
458:Edwin Tong
427:Treasurer
313:Othman Wok
307:Devan Nair
82:Leadership
56:Unicameral
686:7 January
467:Alex Yeo
368:Chairman
274:Old Guard
222:Formation
144:Elections
121:Structure
516:See also
464:Members
451:Grace Fu
207:and the
89:Chairman
339:(1929–)
139:2 years
72: (
737:
709:
658:
595:
360:Title
528:Notes
363:Name
252:house
126:Seats
735:ISBN
707:ISBN
688:2011
656:ISBN
593:ISBN
184:The
74:1957
67:1957
50:Type
45:Type
211:.
190:CEC
757::
721:^
679:.
636:^
615:.
591:.
587:.
575:^
548:^
536:^
254:.
129:18
743:.
715:.
690:.
664:.
630:.
601:.
188:(
76:)
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