22:
829:
1077:
847:
518:
479:
810:
603:
976:
498:
958:
1059:
467:
182:
702:
725:
988:
859:
1099:
744:
420:
The construction of private buildings on the boulevards and surrounding areas took place later. Brussels' middle class continued to prefer living in new suburbs rather than the cramped areas of the city centre. Besides, the high prices of the land (expected to finance part of the construction costs)
529:
The covering of the Senne and the construction of the
Central Boulevards have left deep traces in Brussels' historic centre. The formerly working-class districts have made way for apartment buildings and for the Stock Exchange with its commercial district, department stores, luxury hotels, concert
432:
on their works, two architectural competitions were organised, first in the period 1872–1876 and again in 1876–1878. Great freedom was given to the architects; no unity of style was sought nor imposed (other than a minimum height of 15 metres (49 ft) to avoid speculation) and the monumental
338:)—were laid out between 1869 and 1871, and were progressively opened to traffic from 1871 to 1873. The opening of these new routes offered a more efficient way to get into Brussels' lower town than the cramped streets such as the
828:
123:
The covering of the Senne and the completion of the
Central Boulevards allowed the construction of the modern buildings that are focal to downtown Brussels today. The wide, straight boulevards were lined with stately
1036:(because it follows the course of the river) was bordered by apartment buildings, commercial buildings, luxury hotels, town houses, and some bourgeois dwellings, which have now mostly been replaced by offices.
684:. Some remarkable buildings along this relatively well-preserved stretch include the Midi Palace, the Model School (currently Charles Buls Primary School), the former Municipal School no. 13 (currently the
478:
1076:
247:
bounding the historic city centre. The boulevards, whose initial function was to go around the capital, thus became structural urban thoroughfares. The central boulevards' completion also allowed
912:, forming a "Y" crossroad with the Boulevard Émile Jacqmain. It is characterised by five-level buildings on average, monumental in appearance for the most part. A dozen of them belong to the
131:
buildings, housing prestigious apartments that were among the country's first. Architectural quality was stimulated by two architectural competitions. Public buildings such as the former
565:
In June 2012, "protest picnics" were held on the
Boulevard Anspach to express dissatisfaction with the City of Brussels' mobility policy. Following these events, the city's then-mayor,
809:
685:
676:
style, apartment buildings, and commercial buildings such as the Midi Palace. In 1919, the city council ordered the boulevard to be renamed in honour of the alderman and patriot
421:
and the high rents were not within the means of the lower classes. Moreover, life in apartments was no longer desirable for residents of
Brussels, who preferred to live in
846:
577:
with a new street cover, equipped with fountains, works of art, benches and trees. On 29 June 2015, the boulevards finally became completely car-free between the
724:
232:
and demolition of working-class neighbourhoods. The construction was contracted to a
British company, but control was returned to the government following an
1024:, the Boulevard Émile Jacqmain forms the western branch of the fork that marks the northern end of the Central Boulevards. Sumptuous in its time, the former
497:
460:(loosely, "House of Cats") on the Boulevard du Nord. Nonetheless, it took another twenty years, until 1895, for buildings to solidly line the boulevards.
228:
and build a series of grand boulevards and public buildings. The project faced fierce opposition and controversy, mostly due to its cost and the need for
1058:
466:
135:, the Midi Palace, and the (now demolished) Central Halls, were also built on the boulevards. By 1895, continuous construction had been realised in an
21:
957:
701:
791:). Large buildings, several of which bear the signature of the French promoter Mosnier, are adjacent to hotels (Grand Hotel and Hotel Central),
205:
and was filled with garbage and decaying organic matter. It was heavily polluted, and it flooded frequently, inundating the lower town and the
201:
of
Brussels, but it became more polluted and less navigable as the city grew. By the second half of the 19th century, it had become a serious
2004:. Bruxelles, ville d'Art et d'Histoire (in French). Vol. 20. Brussels: Centre d'information, de Documentation et d'Etude du Patrimoine.
1545:
1999:
803:). Some remarkable buildings on this section include the former Stock Exchange on the Place de la Bourse, as well as Anspach Gallery.
1082:
1632:
1689:
2046:
1518:
1127:
928:
213:
73:
1988:
1967:
1931:
1855:
1572:
779:
who instigated these works. Among the most important buildings on the
Central Boulevards are concentrated there: the former
920:
1803:
987:
158:
was ultimately abandoned following "protest picnics" in 2012, and since 2015, the central part of the boulevards has been
2051:
2009:
1753:
1117:
914:
253:
126:
690:
517:
2041:
239:
The covering of the Senne brought boulevards to the heart of
Brussels, whereas they had hitherto been limited to the
244:
1175:
975:
923:
style. Others, of neoclassical inspiration, are distinguished by the decoration of their balconies, windows, and
369:
In order to accomplish this revitalisation and attract investment, public buildings were constructed as part of
905:
776:
695:) on the Place Anneessens, as well as the old Castellani rotunda (now transformed into a parking lot).
2056:
2031:
1041:
820:
578:
504:
413:, replaced unhygienic open-air markets, though they were torn down in 1958. The monumental fountain at the
109:
602:
1924:
Bruxelles sortie des eaux : Les relations entre la ville et ses cours d'eau du Moyen Age Ă nos jours
1112:
1037:
437:
136:
65:
1945:(in French). Vol. I: Du voûtement de la Senne à la jonction Nord-Midi. Brussels: Paul Legrain/CFC.
1068:
1007:
901:
335:
101:
546:), the Central Boulevards were subject to urban planners' failed attempts to transform them into urban
569:, decided to make the boulevard car-free every Sunday afternoon for the entire summer. His successor,
2036:
673:
668:), this artery is characterised by a homogeneous succession of low-rise buildings for the most part,
993:
948:
743:
562:. In spite of this, the boulevards have mostly retained their 19th-century appearance to this day.
425:. For these reasons, the buildings constructed by private citizens had difficulty finding buyers.
816:
780:
374:
132:
591:). The area, covering 50 hectares (120 acres), includes much of the historic centre within the
386:
967:
944:
881:
875:
771:
connects the Place
Fontainas to the Place de Brouckère. In 1879, it was renamed in honour of
669:
319:
225:
176:
97:
858:
838:
783:
building, major shops and entertainment venues, and formerly markets and department stores (
582:
522:
105:
909:
592:
559:
363:
240:
151:
8:
1663:
1122:
440:
approach throughout the immense perspective of the boulevards. The first prize of 20,000
1881:
1829:
1727:
422:
417:, which was to break the boulevards' uniformity, was abandoned for budgetary reasons.
1984:
1963:
1946:
1927:
834:
800:
768:
762:
677:
566:
555:
485:
303:
147:
93:
26:
734:
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661:
539:
117:
1594:
1978:
1049:
940:
749:
657:
574:
445:
414:
159:
113:
41:
30:
680:(1860–1930), who returned from a long captivity as a prisoner in Germany during
181:
1104:
1012:
Connecting the Place de Brouckère to the
Boulevard du Jardin botanique and the
551:
146:), the Central Boulevards evolved into an axis for motorised traffic. In 1976,
49:
2025:
897:
772:
441:
248:
229:
217:
206:
202:
77:
1950:
1804:"Hier is't in den Kater en de Kat – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
1064:
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until the late 1970s, especially following the 1958 Brussels World's Fair (
233:
472:
Destruction of the old neighbourhood and beginning of the vaulting in 1867
370:
221:
142:
In the 20th century, especially following the 1958 Brussels World's Fair (
69:
932:
681:
596:
570:
373:' massive programme of beautification of the city centre, including the
236:
scandal. This delayed the project, but it was still completed in 1871.
2017:(in French). Vol. 1A: Pentagone A-D. Liège: Pierre Mardaga. 1989.
1664:"Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
212:
Numerous proposals were made to remedy this problem, and in 1865, the
535:
57:
1045:
924:
585:, as part of a broader pedestrianisation of Brussels' city centre (
547:
198:
155:
61:
1040:
styles dominate with a good representation of the Second Empire.
543:
143:
792:
531:
428:
To give builders an incentive to create elaborate and appealing
429:
68:(1867–1871), as part of the major urban works by the architect
935:(1869–1939). Remarkable buildings on this stretch include the
767:
Central by its original name as much as by its location, the
194:
186:
258:
style, which are characteristic of downtown Brussels today.
444:
for the 1872–1876 competition was awarded to the architect
251:
and the construction along them of the modern buildings of
1830:"Passage du Nord – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
1546:"Europe's Most Congested City Contemplates Going Car-Free"
573:, wished to expand the Boulevard Anspach into a permanent
80:. They are from south to north and from west to east: the
1784:
1633:"Palais du Midi – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
1380:
1378:
1376:
1351:
1349:
1347:
880:
Unlike the other sections of the Central Boulevards, the
1926:(in French). Brussels: Musées de la Ville de Bruxelles.
1882:"Hôtel Atlanta – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
1474:
1450:
1414:
1390:
1332:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1253:
606:
The Place de la Bourse in 2012, before pedestrianisation
108:. Other major squares on the Central Boulevards are the
1754:"Pathé Palace – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
1289:
1287:
1900:
1856:"Hôtel Plaza – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
1772:
1708:
1613:
1573:"Centrale lanen: twee fonteinen en twee fietsparkings"
1462:
1373:
1344:
1274:
1272:
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are also represented by some buildings typical of the
558:
traffic was brought underground by the opening of the
150:
traffic was brought underground by the opening of the
1299:
1241:
1144:
1728:"La Bourse – Inventaire du patrimoine architectural"
1498:
1438:
1361:
1284:
1205:
1094:
599:, the Place de Brouckère and the Boulevard Anspach.
1486:
1426:
1402:
1265:
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366:, and helped revitalise the town's lower quarters.
2011:Le Patrimoine monumental de la Belgique: Bruxelles
1181:
1156:
170:
2023:
927:. In 1919, it was renamed in honour of the then-
243:, a series of roadways built on the site of the
1943:Bruxelles, chronique d'une capitale en chantier
261:
64:, Belgium. They were constructed following the
1543:
1519:"Anspachlaan wordt elke zondagmiddag autovrij"
615:
512:
377:(1868–1873). The vast Central Halls (French:
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621:
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449:
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81:
1069:Boulevard Émile Jacqmain/Émile Jacqmainlaan
1031:
1019:
1001:
906:Boulevard du Jardin botanique/Kruidtuinlaan
904:and connects the Place de Brouckère to the
902:Boulevard Émile Jacqmain/Émile Jacqmainlaan
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336:Boulevard Émile Jacqmain/Émile Jacqmainlaan
329:
313:
285:
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102:Boulevard Émile Jacqmain/Émile Jacqmainlaan
87:
1570:
521:View on the Boulevard Anspach towards the
1980:Brussels: A Cultural and Literary History
197:(French/Dutch) was historically the main
1997:
1976:
1906:
1790:
1778:
1714:
1619:
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1384:
1355:
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852:Anspach Gallery on the Boulevard Anspach
795:, cinemas, theatres, and concert halls (
601:
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180:
20:
2008:
1921:
1571:Vermeersch, Laurent (6 February 2015).
1456:
1338:
1223:
1211:
2024:
1960:Bruxelles, des remparts aux boulevards
1544:O'Sullivan, Feargus (7 January 2014).
1128:Belgium in the long nineteenth century
910:Place Charles Rogier/Karel Rogierplein
672:dwellings with a predilection for the
507:and the Boulevard Anspach in the 1920s
488:in 1880, etching by Armand Heins from
1957:
1940:
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968:Boulevard Adolphe Max/Adolphe Maxlaan
882:Boulevard Adolphe Max/Adolphe Maxlaan
320:Boulevard Adolphe Max/Adolphe Maxlaan
220:, selected a design by the architect
104:. The latter two branch off from the
98:Boulevard Adolphe Max/Adolphe Maxlaan
839:Place de Brouckère/De Brouckèreplein
756:
583:Place de Brouckère/De Brouckèreplein
523:Place de Brouckère/De Brouckèreplein
106:Place de Brouckère/De Brouckèreplein
1516:
1083:Théâtre national Wallonie-Bruxelles
209:neighbourhoods that surrounded it.
13:
1796:
1720:
1651:
1625:
737:) and Haute École Francisco Ferrer
16:Thoroughfares in Brussels, Belgium
14:
2068:
1168:
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1962:(in French). Brussels: Badeaux.
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1075:
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986:
974:
956:
857:
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827:
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731:Place Anneessens/Anneessensplein
723:
700:
662:Place Anneessens/Anneessensplein
525:from the former Actiris building
496:
477:
465:
457:Hier is't in den kater en de kat
118:Place Anneessens/Anneessensplein
1915:
1874:
1848:
1822:
1746:
1682:
1587:
1564:
1537:
1510:
1118:Haussmann's renovation of Paris
1085:on the Boulevard Émile Jacqmain
189:superimposed on the modern city
750:Place Fontainas/Fontainasplein
658:Place Fontainas/Fontainasplein
415:Place Fontainas/Fontainasplein
171:Origins: covering of the Senne
114:Place Fontainas/Fontainasplein
31:Place Fontainas/Fontainasplein
1:
2047:Pedestrian streets in Belgium
1133:
929:mayor of the City of Brussels
835:Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan
821:Place de la Bourse/Beursplein
777:mayor of the City of Brussels
769:Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan
660:. Interrupted halfway by the
579:Place de la Bourse/Beursplein
505:Place de la Bourse/Beursplein
486:Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan
304:Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan
110:Place de la Bourse/Beursplein
94:Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan
27:Boulevard Anspach/Anspachlaan
1138:
996:on the Boulevard Adolphe Max
789:Grands Magasins de la Bourse
686:Haute École Francisco Ferrer
262:Construction and development
214:City of Brussels' then-mayor
7:
1113:List of streets in Brussels
1090:
947:, as well as the luxurious
799:cinema, Bourse Theatre and
710:Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier
635:Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier
616:Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier
513:Contemporary (1945–present)
281:Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier
266:The Central Boulevards—the
83:Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier
66:covering of the river Senne
10:
2073:
1886:monument.heritage.brussels
1860:monument.heritage.brussels
1834:monument.heritage.brussels
1808:monument.heritage.brussels
1758:monument.heritage.brussels
1732:monument.heritage.brussels
1694:monument.heritage.brussels
1668:monument.heritage.brussels
1637:monument.heritage.brussels
1595:"Project. Pedestrian zone"
1575:(in Dutch). Brussel Nieuws
1005:
873:
760:
174:
165:
2052:Urban planning in Belgium
1517:NWS, VRT (15 June 2012).
1176:City Archives of Brussels
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2042:19th century in Brussels
2001:Les Boulevards du Centre
1998:Eggericx, Laure (1997).
1983:. Oxford: Signal Books.
1977:De Vries, André (2003).
1008:Boulevard Émile Jacqmain
1002:Boulevard Émile Jacqmain
775:(1829–1879), the former
664:(former location of the
490:L'Illustration nationale
72:under the tenure of the
56:) are a series of grand
1958:Demey, Thierry (2013).
1941:Demey, Thierry (1990).
1922:Deligne, Chloé (2005).
1690:"Rotonde des panoramas"
1174:Map of Suys' proposal.
817:Brussels Stock Exchange
781:Brussels Stock Exchange
597:Grand-Place/Grote Markt
410:Zwarte Lievevrouwstraat
375:Brussels Stock Exchange
185:The 1837 course of the
154:. The idea of an urban
133:Brussels Stock Exchange
939:, the entrance of the
900:. It doubles with the
607:
587:
538:. From the end of the
526:
456:
450:
433:composition adopted a
404:Rue de la Vierge Noire
389:, located between the
382:
378:
190:
53:
45:
33:
1027:Boulevard de la Senne
981:Boulevard Adolphe Max
896:) does not cover the
876:Boulevard Adolphe Max
870:Boulevard Adolphe Max
716:Maurice Lemonnierlaan
641:Maurice Lemonnierlaan
605:
520:
387:metallic architecture
385:), a good example of
364:Rue Neuve/Nieuwstraat
325:Boulevard de la Senne
287:Maurice Lemonnierlaan
184:
177:Covering of the Senne
89:Maurice Lemonnierlaan
24:
623:Boulevard du Hainaut
269:Boulevard du Hainaut
46:Boulevards du Centre
25:Looking upwards the
2057:Subterranean rivers
2032:Streets in Brussels
1123:History of Brussels
951:and Hotel Atlanta.
785:Grand Bazar Anspach
735:François Anneessens
707:Midi Palace on the
644:stretches from the
620:Formerly named the
423:single family homes
1601:. 28 February 2017
1483:, p. 541–542.
1423:, p. 555–556.
1399:, p. 550–553.
1329:, p. 532–534.
1262:, p. 537–538.
1015:Boulevard d'Anvers
608:
527:
245:14th-century walls
191:
38:Central Boulevards
34:
1990:978-1-902669-46-5
1969:978-2-930609-02-7
1933:978-2-9600373-1-9
887:Boulevard du Nord
864:Boulevard Anspach
801:Ancienne Belgique
763:Boulevard Anspach
757:Boulevard Anspach
678:Maurice Lemonnier
647:Boulevard du Midi
567:Freddy Thielemans
448:who designed the
359:Kleerkopersstraat
309:Boulevard du Nord
293:Boulevard Central
139:array of styles.
74:city's then-mayor
2064:
2037:City of Brussels
2018:
2016:
2005:
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941:Northern Passage
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540:Second World War
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451:Maison des Chats
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379:Halles Centrales
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933:Adolphe Max
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682:World War I
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341:Rue du Midi
322:), and the
195:Senne/Zenne
60:in central
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347:Zuidstraat
241:Small Ring
100:, and the
58:boulevards
1529:22 August
1523:vrtnws.be
1139:Citations
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548:motorways
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334:(now the
331:Zennelaan
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315:Noordlaan
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278:(now the
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127:Haussmann
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29:near the
1951:44643865
1550:City Lab
1091:See also
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1038:Eclectic
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156:motorway
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116:and the
62:Brussels
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306:), the
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166:History
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50:Dutch
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