179:. Though the grouping is often encountered in the literature, it is an areal grouping, not a genetic grouping. In other words, the languages are grouped together because they were spoken near one another, not because they are more closely related to one another than to other Algonquian languages. Within the Algonquian family, only
198:
as "Core
Central" in 1994. In Goddard's assessment, he divides the "Core Central" into the Ojibwa-Potawatomi and Miami–Illinois group, and the Sauk-Fox-Kickapoo and Shawnee group; the hypothesis for the subgroup was based on lexical and phonological innovations. David J. Costa in his 2003 book
203:
agrees with Rhodes and
Goddard that Central Algonquian has a specific language sub-branch that he refers to as "Eastern Great Lakes" but in his assessment Costa also states "...there seems to be no evidence that Miami-Illinois is closer to Ojibwe-Potawatomi than it is to Sauk-Fox-Kickapoo."
194:, are closely related and are generally grouped together as an Ojibwa-Potawatomi sub-branch. "Eastern Great Lakes" was first proposed by Richard Rhodes in 1988, and first discussed by
17:
1289:
640:
212:
The languages are listed below along with dialects and subdialects. This classification follows
Goddard (1996) and Mithun (1999).
1279:
612:
604:
575:
554:
1069:
950:
530:
633:
1128:
937:
787:
384:
180:
1150:
1037:
1032:
822:
460:
110:
1232:
496:
588:———— (1996). "Introduction". In Ives Goddard, ed., "Languages". Vol. 17 of William Sturtevant, ed.,
1284:
1064:
626:
581:
Goddard, Ives (1994). "The West-to-East Cline in
Algonquian Dialectology." In William Cowan, ed.,
1089:
1059:
1049:
829:
392:
360:
352:
694:
836:
809:
1225:
742:
737:
688:
657:
244:
233:
172:
65:
8:
1294:
1107:
1099:
1074:
1010:
955:
914:
815:
732:
680:
666:
405:
289:
250:
238:
187:
90:
1200:
1144:
1134:
1027:
907:
860:
763:
501:
334:
302:
255:
105:
154:
144:
134:
1207:
1139:
1079:
1054:
1043:
996:
961:
944:
608:
600:
571:
526:
439:
368:
339:
1156:
931:
887:
843:
773:
674:
453:
284:
115:
1244:
1019:
1006:
871:
865:
649:
376:
320:
191:
176:
86:
60:
55:
1260:
1252:
1183:
1177:
1084:
878:
1273:
989:
803:
714:
705:
549:
472:
223:
95:
48:
984:
976:
414:
195:
100:
343:(also known as Severn Ojibwe, Anishininiimowin or the Anishinini language)
431:
768:
747:
568:
American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native
America
722:
444:
268:
124:
424:
618:
372:(also known as Chippewa, Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Ojibwemowin or Ojibway)
259:(also known as Attikamek, Attikamekw, Atikamek or TĂŞte de Boule)
1248:
727:
418:(also known as Fox-Sauk-Kickapoo or Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo)
356:(also known as Nakawēmowin, Plains Ojibwe or Western Ojibwe)
312:
Ojibwe–Potawatomi (also known as Ojibwe–Potawatomi–Ottawa,
171:
are commonly grouped together as a subgroup of the larger
477:
227:(also known as Kirištino˙ or Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi)
309:? Eastern Great Lakes (also known as Core Central)
1271:
592:. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution.
364:(also known as Mississauga Ojibwa or Jibwemwin)
324:(also known as Ojibwa, Ojibway, Ojibwe–Ottawa,
272:(also known as James Bay Cree or Eastern Cree)
634:
525:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 1.
641:
627:
599:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
583:Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference
186:Within the Central Algonquian grouping,
14:
1272:
590:The Handbook of North American Indians
622:
597:The languages of Native North America
585:187-211. Ottawa: Carleton University.
570:. New York: Oxford University Press.
520:
648:
388:(also known as Northwestern Ojibwe)
380:(also known as Odawa or Daawaamwin)
24:
293:(also known as Innu-aimun or Innu)
207:
25:
1306:
1290:First Nations languages in Canada
543:
190:and Chippewa, otherwise known as
435:(also known as Sac or Thakiwaki)
396:(also known simply as Algonquin)
150:(Eastern Great Lakes Algonquian)
560:
427:, Mesquakie, or Meshkwahkihaki)
316:, or the Anishinaabe language)
183:is a valid genealogical group.
514:
13:
1:
507:
328:or the Anishinaabe language)
1280:Central Algonquian languages
169:Central Algonquian languages
7:
1255:language •
844:Quiripi–Naugatuck–Unquachog
823:Massachusett Pidgin English
523:The Miami-Illinois Language
490:
201:The Miami-Illinois Language
18:Central Algonquian language
10:
1311:
1242:
1217:
1192:
1169:
1120:
1098:
1018:
1005:
975:
924:
897:
853:
795:
786:
756:
713:
704:
665:
656:
595:Mithun, Marianne (1999).
497:Proto-Algonquian language
175:, itself a member of the
140:(Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi)
123:
80:
56:Linguistic classification
54:
42:
37:
32:
1129:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
1070:North of Superior Ojibwa
521:Costa, David J. (2003).
306:(also known as Menomini)
249:Eastern Swampy Cree and
977:Mesquakie–Sauk–Kickapoo
706:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi
566:Campbell, Lyle (1997).
951:Maliseet–Passamaquoddy
796:Southern New England
555:Algonquian languages
1075:Northwestern Ojibwa
1038:Border Lakes Ojibwa
1033:Berens River Ojibwa
938:Carolina Algonquian
816:Massachusett Pidgin
393:Nipissing Algonquin
369:Southwestern Ojibwe
265:Montagnais–Naskapi
788:Eastern Algonquian
502:Algonquian peoples
279:Southern East Cree
276:Northern East Cree
218:Central Algonquian
181:Eastern Algonquian
71:Central Algonquian
33:Central Algonquian
1267:
1266:
1261:extinct languages
1165:
1164:
1116:
1115:
1044:Broken Oghibbeway
971:
970:
782:
781:
550:Algonquian Family
173:Algonquian family
165:
164:
101:Fox-Sauk-Kickapoo
27:Language subgroup
16:(Redirected from
1302:
1233:Proto-Algonquian
1065:Nipissing Ojibwa
1016:
1015:
793:
792:
711:
710:
663:
662:
643:
636:
629:
620:
619:
537:
536:
518:
314:Anishinaabemowin
161:
157:
151:
147:
141:
137:
30:
29:
21:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:
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1299:
1285:Algic languages
1270:
1269:
1268:
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1238:
1218:Proto-languages
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1188:
1161:
1112:
1094:
1001:
967:
920:
893:
872:Pidgin Delaware
849:
778:
752:
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652:
650:Algic languages
647:
563:
546:
541:
540:
533:
519:
515:
510:
493:
488:
423:(also known as
385:Northern Ojibwe
224:Cree–Montagnais
210:
208:Family division
159:
153:
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44:
28:
23:
22:
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11:
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1196:
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1190:
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1187:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1151:Miami–Illinois
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1090:Western Ojibwa
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:Eastern Ojibwa
1057:
1052:
1050:Central Ojibwa
1047:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
993:
992:
985:Mesquakie–Sauk
981:
979:
973:
972:
969:
968:
966:
965:
958:
953:
948:
941:
934:
928:
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919:
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911:
903:
901:
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892:
891:
884:
883:
882:
875:
868:
857:
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851:
850:
848:
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830:Mohegan–Pequot
826:
819:
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544:External links
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461:Miami–Illinois
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361:Eastern Ojibwe
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695:Nawathinehena
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613:0-521-29875-X
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605:0-521-23228-7
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576:0-19-509427-1
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49:North America
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19:
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1127:
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837:Narragansett
835:
828:
821:
814:
810:Massachusett
802:
693:
679:
596:
589:
582:
567:
561:Bibliography
522:
516:
459:
452:
447:(unattested)
434:
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355:
342:
325:
319:
313:
301:
292:
271:
258:
222:
217:
211:
200:
196:Ives Goddard
185:
177:Algic family
168:
166:
129:
81:Subdivisions
70:
45:distribution
1226:Proto-Algic
899:Nanticockan
743:Swampy Cree
738:Plains Cree
689:Gros Ventre
326:Ojibwemowin
245:Swampy Cree
234:Plains Cree
160:(Menominee)
1295:Potawatomi
1274:Categories
1108:Potawatomi
1100:Potawatomi
1011:Potawatomi
915:Piscataway
769:Innu-aimun
748:Woods Cree
733:Moose Cree
681:Besawunena
658:Algonquian
532:0803215142
508:References
406:Potawatomi
290:Montagnais
251:Moose Cree
239:Woods Cree
188:Potawatomi
91:Potawatomi
66:Algonquian
43:Geographic
1259:indicate
1201:Nansemond
1193:Uncertain
1145:Menominee
1135:Blackfoot
1028:Algonquin
908:Nanticoke
854:Delawaran
764:Atikamekw
723:East Cree
667:Arapahoan
445:Mascouten
353:Saulteaux
349:Southern
335:Algonquin
331:Northern
303:Menominee
269:East Cree
256:Atikamekw
125:Glottolog
106:Menominee
1208:Pamunkey
1140:Cheyenne
1080:Oji-Cree
1055:Chippewa
997:Kickapoo
962:Powhatan
945:Etchemin
861:Delaware
491:See also
469:Illinois
440:Kickapoo
425:Meskwaki
340:Oji-Cree
243:Western
155:meno1252
145:east2765
135:cree1271
1257:Italics
1157:Shawnee
956:Mi'kmaq
932:Abenaki
888:Mahican
774:Naskapi
675:Arapaho
607:(hbk);
454:Shawnee
285:Naskapi
158:
148:
138:
116:Shawnee
38:(areal)
1249:Pidgin
1245:Creole
1170:Others
1121:Others
1085:Ottawa
1020:Ojibwa
1007:Ojibwa
925:Others
866:Munsee
757:Others
728:Michif
611:
603:
574:
529:
473:Peoria
377:Ottawa
321:Ojibwe
192:Ojibwe
87:Ojibwe
1253:Mixed
1184:Yurok
1178:Wiyot
879:Unami
466:Miami
230:Cree
61:Algic
990:Sauk
804:Loup
715:Cree
609:ISBN
601:ISBN
572:ISBN
527:ISBN
432:Sauk
421:Fox
167:The
130:None
96:Cree
478:Wea
415:Fox
1276::
1251:/
1247:/
1009:–
642:e
635:t
628:v
615:.
578:.
535:.
89:–
20:)
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