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While immortalised cell lines often originate from a well-known tissue type, they have undergone significant mutations to become immortal. This can alter the biology of the cell and must be taken into consideration in any analysis. Further, cell lines can change genetically over multiple passages,
282:
that can, in turn, be propagated indefinitely. This allows an analysis to be repeated many times on genetically identical cells, which is desirable for repeatable scientific experiments. The alternative, performing an analysis on primary cells from multiple tissue donors, does not have this
330:
and overgrown by other, more aggressive cells. For example, supposed thyroid lines were actually melanoma cells, supposed prostate tissue was actually bladder cancer, and supposed normal uterine cultures were actually breast cancer.
275:) cells. The main advantage of using an immortal cell line for research is its immortality; the cells can be grown indefinitely in culture. This simplifies analysis of the biology of cells that may otherwise have a limited lifetime.
408:
There are several examples of immortalised cell lines, each with different properties. Most immortalised cell lines are classified by the cell type they originated from or are most similar to biologically
231:
controls, leading to uncontrolled proliferation. Immortalised cell lines have undergone similar mutations, allowing a cell type that would normally not be able to divide to be proliferated
128:. The mutations required for immortality can occur naturally or be intentionally induced for experimental purposes. Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the
239:
human cells – are from naturally occurring cancers. HeLa, the first immortal human cell line on record to be successfully isolated and proliferated by a laboratory, was taken from
347:, a line derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African-American mother of five, who died of cancer on October 4, 1951.
842:
Bodnar AG, Ouellette M, Frolkis M, Holt SE, Chiu CP, Morin GB, et al. (January 1998). "Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells".
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leading to phenotypic differences among isolates and potentially different experimental results depending on when and with what strain isolate an experiment is conducted.
522:
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Immortalised cell lines find use in biotechnology, where they are a cost-effective way of growing cells similar to those found in a multicellular organism
213:
There are various immortal cell lines. Some of them are normal cell lines (e.g. derived from stem cells). Other immortalised cell lines are the
343:
Isolation from a naturally occurring cancer. This is the original method for generating an immortalised cell line. A major example is human
730:
Maqsood MI, Matin MM, Bahrami AR, Ghasroldasht MM (October 2013). "Immortality of cell lines: challenges and advantages of establishment".
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Introduction of a viral gene that partially deregulates the cell cycle (e.g., the adenovirus type 5 E1 gene was used to immortalise the
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Immortalised cell lines are widely used as a simple model for more complex biological systems – for example, for the analysis of the
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147:, which can also divide indefinitely, but form a normal part of the development of a multicellular organism.
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17:
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Henle W, Henle G (1980). "Epidemiologic aspects of
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases".
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and instead can keep undergoing division. The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods
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that normally cannot divide undergoes mutations that cause deregulation of the normal
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cell line derived from a spontaneous mutation in cultured mouse embryo tissue.
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CellBank
Australia – Australia's national not-for-profit cell line repository
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cells – a widely used human cell line isolated from cervical cancer patient
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of multicellular organisms. Immortalised cell lines have also found uses in
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cells, an example of an immortalised cell line. DIC image, DNA stained with
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887:"Stable long-term cultures of self-renewing B cells and their applications"
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185: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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640:(Paper "Nature Reprint Collection, Technology Features" (Nov 2014)).
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There are several methods for generating immortalised cell lines:
290:. The cells are used for a wide variety of purposes, from testing
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Kwakkenbos MJ, van Helden PM, Beaumont T, Spits H (March 2016).
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Lineage of cells that evades senescence and continues dividing
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Immortalised cell lines can also be cloned, giving rise to a
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that would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to
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of compounds or drugs to production of eukaryotic proteins.
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lines, where an antibody-producing B cell is fused with a
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235:. The origins of some immortal cell lines – for example,
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An immortalised cell line should not be confused with
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cell line that arose by spontaneous immortalisation
302:
585:"Cell lines: Valuable tools or useless artifacts"
311:
962:
951:Cellosaurus – a knowledge resource on cell lines
387:, specifically used for generating immortalised
381:ends during DNA replication in eukaryotes.
801:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
798:
792:
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465:cell line isolated from a case of leukemia
66:
47:
912:
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322:Many cell lines that are widely used for
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
151:Relation to natural biology and pathology
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680:
14:
963:
674:
634:"Cell-line authentication demystified"
540:
373:required for immortality, for example
544:Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, the
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183:adding citations to reliable sources
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53:Scanning electron micrograph of an
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813:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb27975.x
772:
583:Kaur G, Dufour JM (January 2012).
25:
997:
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946:American Type Culture Collection
523:Conditionally Immortalised cells
518:List of breast cancer cell lines
445:– derived from human fetal cells
426:– derived from a cancer patient
303:Changes from nonimmortal origins
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318:List of contaminated cell lines
170:needs additional citations for
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508:, knowledge base of cell lines
377:which prevents degradation of
312:Contamination with other cells
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1:
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864:10.1126/science.279.5349.349
708:10.1126/science.347.6225.938
455:-derived carcinoma cell line
223:cells. Cancer occurs when a
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681:Neimark J (February 2015).
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403:
10:
1002:
732:Cell Biology International
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60:cell. Zeiss Merlin HR-SEM.
29:
84:
65:
46:
41:
514:, database of cell lines
30:Not to be confused with
971:Cell culture techniques
485:epithelial kidney cells
779:Johns Hopkins Magazine
636:. Technology Feature.
473:North American opossum
471:– derived from female
245:Johns Hopkins Hospital
112:multicellular organism
104:immortalised cell line
86:Anatomical terminology
42:Immortalised cell line
32:biological immortality
891:Immunological Reviews
632:Marx V (April 2014).
399:(B cell cancer) cell.
335:Methods of generation
118:, have evaded normal
481:– derived from male
385:Hybridoma technology
179:improve this article
976:Cellular senescence
856:1998Sci...279..349B
775:"Henrietta's Dance"
699:2015Sci...347..938N
324:biomedical research
120:cellular senescence
106:is a population of
744:10.1002/cbin.10137
651:10.1038/nmeth.2932
601:10.4161/spmg.19885
483:long-nosed potoroo
356:Epstein–Barr virus
904:10.1111/imr.12395
773:Skloot, Rebecca.
554:978-0-307-71253-0
541:Skloot R (2010).
280:clonal population
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16:(Redirected from
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547:. Random House.
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358:can immortalise
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589:Spermatogenesis
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782:. Retrieved
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568:20 September
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475:kidney cells
463:T lymphocyte
459:Jurkat cells
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328:contaminated
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265:cell biology
261:biochemistry
258:
251:, Maryland.
232:
225:somatic cell
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177:Please help
172:verification
169:
142:
134:cell biology
130:biochemistry
123:
103:
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36:
981:Immortality
506:Cellosaurus
491:– a monkey
391:-producing
365:Artificial
298:Limitations
283:advantage.
271:(including
243:in 1951 at
191:August 2020
986:Senescence
965:Categories
807:: 326–31.
595:(1): 1–5.
529:References
512:IGRhCellID
489:Vero cells
479:Ptk2 cells
461:– a human
453:hepatocyte
449:Huh7 cells
424:A549 cells
418:fibroblast
416:– a mouse
379:chromosome
375:telomerase
367:expression
326:have been
229:cell cycle
145:stem cells
668:205422738
563:974000732
414:3T3 cells
269:mammalian
249:Baltimore
221:cancerous
55:apoptotic
18:Cell line
923:26864105
829:30025994
760:14777249
752:23723166
717:25722392
660:24781320
619:22553484
500:See also
469:OK cells
404:Examples
389:antibody
371:proteins
292:toxicity
288:in vitro
233:in vitro
216:in vitro
125:in vitro
116:mutation
914:4755196
872:9454332
852:Bibcode
844:Science
821:6261650
784:5 April
695:Bibcode
687:Science
610:3341241
397:myeloma
369:of key
352:HEK 293
110:from a
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493:kidney
393:B cell
825:S2CID
756:S2CID
664:S2CID
430:tumor
273:human
108:cells
90:[
942:ATCC
919:PMID
868:PMID
817:PMID
786:2021
748:PMID
713:PMID
656:PMID
615:PMID
570:2020
559:OCLC
549:ISBN
434:HeLa
428:lung
345:HeLa
263:and
237:HeLa
132:and
73:HeLa
58:HeLa
909:PMC
899:doi
895:270
860:doi
848:279
809:doi
805:354
740:doi
703:doi
691:347
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605:PMC
597:doi
267:of
247:in
181:by
102:An
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