42:
375:
331:
530:
86:
61:
402:. As a result of Hurtado et al.'s study they state the Ecuadorian capuchin has a low encounter rate with low density through their distribution, and this should make them a high priority for conservation. Through the combination of the IUCN’s map and the study of Campos and Jack, the Ecuadorian capuchin has lost over 90% of its habitat. The Ecuadorian Capuchin habitat faces various threats from
554:
were the most prevalent parasite. According to their study, both groups were in contact with humans who provided food to the primates which forced the primates to spend more time on the ground. This species is an arboreal primate but spends 70% of its time on the ground, making parasite transmission
479:
regions of northern Peru. Campos and Jack’s study revealed that there is 5208km2 of suitable habitat that should be conserved for the wellbeing of the
Ecuadorian capuchin and other species, further conservation should focus on the Ecuadorian and Tumbes-Piura tropical dry forests. The area deemed the
441:
and because of fragmentation it becomes harder to forage for food, as well as there is less room for energy expenditure. In response to habitat fragmentation, a corridor (Three Forest
Conservation Corridor) was put in to mitigate the disconnection between patches. A study by Tleimat showed that the
340:
New behaviour has been recorded for the
Ecuadorian Capuchin, Guerrero-Casado et al. state that this species was found in a new location of Ecuador within low tree cover which is unusual behaviour, as this species prefers high tree cover. From this study, results showed that during fall/winter when
345:
on the ground. Another reason for this new behaviour can originate from a decrease in food sources from up in trees or due to habitat fragmentation. Habitat fragmentation and environmental factors are forcing the
Ecuadorian capuchin to change its behaviours as a coping mechanism to survive.
321:
Ecuadorian
Capuchins mainly live in multi-male, multi-female social groups. Social groups tend to hold around 13 individuals, with a range of 5-20. In an observational study, Campos and Jack found that female capuchins outnumbered the males and that there is a high immature to adult female
454:
with only 4% of the forest left. The study conducted by Campos and Jack revealed four important areas that should highly be conserved for the survival of the
Ecuadorian capuchin. The Areas identified as the most suitable habitat are the
492:
provinces of
Ecuador, this area is chosen due to having a greater extent of continuous and/or undisturbed forest, and the success rate of conservation is favourable as it already has some kind of protection already.
390:, and low human population density. According to Tleimat, the Ecuadorian Capuchin requires about 500ha to use their energy expenditure. The dispersal of the Ecuadorian capuchin has been restricted due to
1520:
429:
Habitat fragmentation is a severe issue for primates as it restricts movement, there is a higher energy expenditure for the primate to find food, and leads to inbreeding or a decrease in
563:
with human feces which came from a nearby village. This study and other studies have demonstrated human interaction with this species increase the possibility of parasite transmission.
1005:
Martin-Solano, Sarah; Carrillo-Bilbao, Gabriel A.; Ramirez, William; Celi-Erazo, Maritza; Huynen, Marie-Claude; Levecke, Bruno; Benitez-Ortiz, Washington; Losson, Bertrand (2017).
1513:
382:
Suitable habitat for the
Ecuadorian Capuchin is determined to be a high percentage of tree cover (most important factor and maximized when over 25%), land cover (as
1506:
1951:
437:
is lost and the rest is broken into fragments that are at risk for further removal. In the case of the
Ecuadorian capuchin, this species thrives off large
559:
come into contact with the skin. Other contributing factors to higher parasite transmission were associated with monkeys drinking from a creek that was
509:, because of their highly amicable social behaviours and manipulative skills. In addition to captivity, the Ecuadorian capuchin is highly targeted for
643:
442:
Ecuadorian capuchin is utilizing the corridor to connect it to other fragmented forests, so similar conservation techniques can help sustain them.
362:
leaves because they are tender" (p. 181). However the most important foods to the
Ecuadorian capuchin diet is mainly composed of fruits and
272:
is their coloration. Due to low density and distribution researchers have not been able to make a confident molecular genetic assessment of the
438:
289:
1529:
888:"A Potential Distribution Model and Conservation Plan for the Critically Endangered Ecuadorian Capuchin, Cebus albifrons aequatorialis"
1233:
1871:
1976:
1897:
768:"Distribution, Abundance, and Spatial Ecology of the Critically Endangered Ecuadorian Capuchin ( Cebus Albifrons Aequatorialis )"
1928:
1080:
980:
822:"New records of the critically endangered Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin (Cebus aequatorialis) detected by remote cameras"
1902:
1161:
308:, creation of agricultural lands, and persecution from farmers are to blame for the species' critically endangered status.
673:
Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.).
1278:
742:"Monitoring the habitat and spatial associations of two threatened primates along a conservation area in western Ecuador"
17:
1188:
970:
1966:
1961:
1242:
682:
707:
1441:
1260:
288:. The conservation status of the Ecuadorian Capuchin was originally near threatened but was revised in 2008 by the
1215:
297:
276:
population, but assign it species status based on geographical isolation, morphological characteristics, and the
517:. A negative relationship between humans and the Ecuadorian capuchin is the threat from farmers as the capuchin
1544:
1498:
1179:
937:
1423:
1269:
65:
1414:
277:
1956:
1923:
1817:
1645:
1432:
651:
1807:
1488:
1459:
1007:"Gastrointestinal parasites in captive and free-ranging Cebus albifrons in the Western Amazon, Ecuador"
341:
trees lost their leaves and when fruits have fallen, it forces the Ecuadorian Capuchin to come down to
1971:
1787:
1706:
1073:
1726:
621:
597:
Moscoso, P.; de la Torre, S.; Cornejo, F.M.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Lynch, J.W.; Heymann, E.W. (2021).
85:
1635:
1605:
1554:
1450:
1371:
1146:
386:, evergreen broad leaved, or forested cropland mosaic), mild temperature seasonality, low annual
241:
177:
264:
and Rylands elevated it to a separate species in 2013. The primary physical distinction between
41:
1839:
1716:
1344:
1302:
481:
456:
253:
330:
1757:
1615:
1564:
1468:
1251:
1197:
1170:
938:"Population density and primate conservation in the Noroeste Biosphere Reserve, Tumbes, Peru"
767:
403:
301:
293:
200:
820:
Guerrero-Casado, José; Cedeño, Ramón I.; Johnston, Jon C.; Gunther, Micaela Szykman (2020).
1574:
1326:
1066:
1915:
540:
Martin et al. studied captive and free-ranging groups of capuchins in the Western Amazon,
374:
8:
1686:
741:
501:
There has been a long history of capuchin and human relationships as humans kept them in
261:
50:
596:
1736:
1595:
1039:
1006:
915:
857:
797:
510:
80:
521:
their crops, the common crops that they forage are corn, bananas, plantain and cacao.
489:
464:
394:
and habitat fragmentation, as a result the distribution range used to be from western
1287:
1044:
1026:
976:
907:
861:
849:
841:
789:
703:
678:
598:
919:
801:
1767:
1666:
1362:
1224:
1058:
1034:
1018:
949:
899:
833:
779:
616:
216:
529:
354:
The Ecuadorian Capuchin has a varied diet, it includes insects, fruits, and other
1676:
1399:
1389:
1317:
1136:
1022:
485:
1528:
555:
easier since the ground increases the possibility of parasite transmission when
1862:
1625:
1353:
1335:
969:
Fragaszy, Dorothy M.; Visalberghi, Elisabetta; Fedigan, Linda M. (2004-06-21).
837:
784:
548:. The results indicated that 6 parasites were detected across 26 animals where
903:
1945:
1910:
1696:
1030:
1004:
954:
911:
845:
821:
793:
607:
560:
550:
451:
407:
391:
387:
305:
70:
887:
480:
most important to conserve for the Ecuadorian capuchin is located along the
1797:
1048:
853:
472:
363:
359:
355:
672:
1884:
1013:. Including Articles from the Special Issue on Invasions, pp. 361 - 447.
280:. The location range of the Ecuadorian Capuchin is from Western lowland
1889:
1876:
1126:
545:
249:
147:
936:
Hurtado, Cindy; Serrano-Villavicencio, José; Pacheco, Victor (2016).
514:
502:
460:
430:
383:
97:
1833:
819:
1856:
1120:
1114:
1108:
935:
518:
358:
species. In addition, they are known to eat the "base of epiphytic
117:
1090:
541:
434:
418:
411:
395:
281:
245:
167:
137:
1102:
415:
342:
157:
127:
107:
1011:
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
556:
476:
468:
698:
Jack, Katherine M. (2016). Rowe, Noel; Myers, Marc (eds.).
399:
285:
968:
459:
hills near the coast of south-central Ecuador and west of
506:
450:
The forests of Ecuador and Peru are already facing rapid
1397:
675:
Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates
544:
to determine how they are affected by gastrointestinal
886:
Campos, Fernando A.; Jack, Katharine M. (2013-10-01).
815:
813:
811:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
972:
The Complete Capuchin: The Biology of the Genus Cebus
410:, and anthropogenic factors (farmers burning bushes,
1088:
808:
989:
697:
1943:
766:Jack, Katharine M.; Campos, Fernando A. (2012).
931:
929:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
622:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T4081A191702052.en
513:which contributes to an immediate stop to its
1514:
1074:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
433:. Over 98% of the primary forest of western
1952:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
926:
761:
759:
757:
755:
716:
496:
369:
1521:
1507:
1081:
1067:
885:
868:
765:
467:province in Ecuador, the foothills of the
59:
40:
1234:Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin (
1038:
953:
783:
620:
752:
740:Tleimat, Jacquelyn Marie (August 2021).
666:
528:
424:
373:
329:
1530:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
739:
378:Ecuador on the globe (Ecuador centered)
296:due to the population's rapid decline.
14:
1944:
636:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
1838:
1837:
1502:
1062:
1243:Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin (
892:International Journal of Primatology
1189:RĂo Cesar white-fronted capuchin, (
1162:Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin (
691:
608:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
573:
24:
1442:Central American squirrel monkey (
316:
248:. It was formerly classified as a
25:
1988:
1216:Panamanian white-faced capuchin (
238:Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin
1279:Marañón white-fronted capuchin (
1180:Colombian white-faced capuchin (
84:
1270:Varied white-fronted capuchin (
1261:Spix's white-fronted capuchin (
962:
702:. Pogonias Press. p. 281.
445:
325:
1977:Taxa named by Joel Asaph Allen
1415:Black-capped squirrel monkey (
975:. Cambridge University Press.
13:
1:
1848:Cebus albifrons aequatorialis
772:Tropical Conservation Science
566:
471:in southern Ecuador, and the
335:Cebus albifrons aequatorialis
1701:Trachypithecus poliocephalus
1460:Bare-eared squirrel monkey (
1424:Humboldt's squirrel monkey (
1023:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.06.004
524:
484:of coastal mountains in the
463:, the northern coast of the
278:phylogenetic species concept
7:
1646:Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee
1545:Madame Berthe's mouse lemur
942:Revista peruana de biologĂa
311:
27:Species of New World monkey
10:
1993:
1812:Ateles fusciceps fusciceps
1808:Brown-headed spider monkey
1433:Collins' squirrel monkey (
1153:(Gracile capuchin monkeys)
838:10.1007/s10329-019-00787-0
785:10.1177/194008291200500207
1967:Primates of South America
1962:Mammals described in 1914
1846:
1750:
1659:
1588:
1559:Lepilemur septentrionalis
1537:
1485:
1451:Guianan squirrel monkey (
1388:
1372:Golden-bellied capuchin (
1309:(Robust capuchin monkeys)
1300:
1144:
1135:
1097:
1089:Extant species of family
904:10.1007/s10764-013-9704-x
644:"White-fronted capuchin (
534:Strongyloides stercoralis
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1818:Geoffroy's spider monkey
1727:Skywalker hoolock gibbon
1345:Black-striped capuchin (
955:10.15381/rpb.v23i2.12423
700:All the World's Primates
650:. ARKive. Archived from
497:Relationship with humans
370:Habitat and distribution
1650:Pan troglodytes ellioti
1636:Niger Delta red colobus
1620:Erythrocebus baumstarki
1610:Cercocebus chrysogaster
1606:Golden-bellied mangabey
1555:Sahafary sportive lemur
1469:Black squirrel monkey (
1252:Wedge-capped capuchin (
1198:Shock-headed capuchin (
1171:Brown weeper capuchin (
349:
242:gracile capuchin monkey
1721:Rhinopithecus brelichi
1717:Gray snub-nosed monkey
1707:Raffles' banded langur
746:Texas State University
537:
482:ChongĂłn-Colonche range
379:
337:
254:white-fronted capuchin
1792:Plecturocebus grovesi
1758:Buffy-headed marmoset
1691:Semnopithecus vetulus
1630:Cercopithecus roloway
1616:Southern patas monkey
1600:Paragalogo rondoensis
1579:Propithecus coquereli
1565:Blue-eyed black lemur
1207:Ecuadorian capuchin (
677:. Lynx. p. 412.
615:: e.T4081A191702052.
532:
425:Habitat fragmentation
404:habitat fragmentation
377:
333:
302:habitat fragmentation
294:critically endangered
192:C. aequatorialis
66:Critically Endangered
1762:Callithrix flaviceps
1671:Nycticebus javanicus
439:tropical dry forests
35:Ecuadorian capuchin
1798:Brown howler monkey
1788:Groves' titi monkey
1782:Cebus aequatorialis
1778:Ecuadorian capuchin
1741:Pongo tapanuliensis
1711:Presbytis femoralis
1687:Purple-faced langur
1681:Tarsius sangirensis
1640:Piliocolobus epieni
1327:Azaras's capuchin (
1288:Chestnut capuchin (
601:Cebus aequatorialis
233:Cebus aequatorialis
228:Ecuadorian capuchin
210:Cebus aequatorialis
51:Conservation status
18:Cebus aequatorialis
1957:Mammals of Ecuador
1737:Tapanuli orangutan
1596:Rondo dwarf galago
1569:Eulemur flavifrons
1549:Microcebus berthae
1426:S. cassiquiarensis
1406:(Squirrel monkeys)
1363:Crested capuchin (
1225:Kaapori capuchin (
538:
511:animal trafficking
380:
338:
1939:
1938:
1840:Taxon identifiers
1831:
1830:
1575:Coquerel's sifaka
1496:
1495:
1481:
1480:
1384:
1383:
1318:Tufted capuchin (
982:978-0-521-66768-5
224:
223:
74:
16:(Redirected from
1984:
1972:Capuchin monkeys
1932:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1835:
1834:
1822:Ateles geoffroyi
1802:Alouatta guariba
1768:Ka'apor capuchin
1731:Hoolock tianxing
1667:Javan slow loris
1523:
1516:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1408:
1407:
1395:
1394:
1374:S. xanthosternos
1354:Black capuchin (
1336:Blond capuchin (
1311:
1310:
1236:C. leucocephalus
1209:C. aequatorialis
1155:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1042:
1002:
987:
986:
966:
960:
959:
957:
933:
924:
923:
883:
866:
865:
817:
806:
805:
787:
763:
750:
749:
737:
714:
713:
695:
689:
688:
670:
664:
663:
661:
659:
640:
634:
633:
631:
629:
624:
594:
457:Chongon-Colonche
398:to northwestern
300:factors such as
274:C. aequatorialis
270:C. aequatorialis
240:is a species of
212:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1842:
1832:
1827:
1746:
1677:Sangihe tarsier
1655:
1584:
1533:
1527:
1497:
1492:
1477:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1380:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1131:
1093:
1087:
1057:
1056:
1003:
990:
983:
967:
963:
934:
927:
884:
869:
818:
809:
764:
753:
738:
717:
710:
696:
692:
685:
671:
667:
657:
655:
646:Cebus albifrons
642:
641:
637:
627:
625:
595:
574:
569:
527:
499:
469:Andes Mountains
448:
427:
372:
352:
328:
319:
317:Group structure
314:
220:
214:
208:
195:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1815:
1805:
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1765:
1754:
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1748:
1747:
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1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1626:Roloway monkey
1623:
1613:
1603:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1541:
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1511:
1503:
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1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1417:S. boliviensis
1411:
1409:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1347:S. libidinosus
1342:
1333:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1258:
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1213:
1204:
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1130:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1017:(3): 209–218.
988:
981:
961:
948:(2): 151–158.
925:
898:(5): 899–916.
867:
832:(2): 175–179.
807:
778:(2): 173–191.
751:
715:
708:
690:
684:978-8496553897
683:
665:
635:
571:
570:
568:
565:
526:
523:
498:
495:
447:
444:
426:
423:
414:, and illegal
371:
368:
351:
348:
327:
324:
318:
315:
313:
310:
284:to North West
244:of the family
222:
221:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
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182:
175:
171:
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110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1989:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1930:
1925:
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1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
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1878:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1854:
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1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:Cebus kaapori
1769:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:South America
1749:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1697:Cat Ba langur
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1651:
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1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
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1290:C. castaneus
1289:
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1254:C. olivaceus
1253:
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1182:C. capucinus
1181:
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652:the original
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446:Conservation
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353:
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322:proportion.
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266:C. albifrons
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154:Infraorder:
29:
1885:iNaturalist
1532:(2022–2023)
1453:S. sciureus
1444:S. oerstedi
1435:S. collinsi
1390:Saimiriinae
1365:S. robustus
1356:S. nigritus
1263:C. unicolor
1218:C. imitator
1200:C. cuscinus
1173:C. brunneus
658:10 February
628:19 November
304:from rapid
262:Mittermeier
217:J. A. Allen
158:Simiiformes
1946:Categories
1538:Madagascar
1338:S. flavius
1281:C. yuracus
1227:C. kaapori
1127:Haplorhini
1125:Suborder:
567:References
250:subspecies
148:Haplorhini
144:Suborder:
1320:S. apella
1191:C. cesare
1101:Kingdom:
1031:2213-2244
912:1573-8604
862:210119909
846:1610-7365
794:1940-0829
546:parasites
525:Parasites
515:gene flow
503:captivity
461:Guayaquil
431:gene flow
384:deciduous
360:bromeliad
260:).
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1929:12100258
1863:Q5334382
1857:Wikidata
1489:Category
1462:S. ustus
1121:Primates
1115:Mammalia
1109:Chordata
1107:Phylum:
1103:Animalia
1049:28808619
920:14867243
854:31915955
826:Primates
802:53417742
312:Behavior
164:Family:
138:Primates
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1890:1369301
1877:4266915
1400:Saimiri
1303:Sapajus
1137:Cebinae
1119:Order:
1113:Class:
1091:Cebidae
1040:5544475
542:Ecuador
519:forages
505:, like
435:Ecuador
419:logging
416:mining/
412:grazing
396:Ecuador
282:Ecuador
252:of the
246:Cebidae
174:Genus:
168:Cebidae
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1903:945378
1589:Africa
1329:S. cay
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557:larvae
490:ManabĂ
486:Guayas
473:Tumbes
465:ManabĂ
343:forage
236:), or
219:, 1914
1147:Cebus
916:S2CID
858:S2CID
798:S2CID
536:larva
477:Piura
179:Cebus
1916:4081
1911:IUCN
1898:ITIS
1872:GBIF
1660:Asia
1045:PMID
1027:ISSN
977:ISBN
908:ISSN
850:PMID
842:ISSN
790:ISSN
704:ISBN
679:ISBN
660:2012
630:2021
613:2021
507:zoos
488:and
475:and
400:Peru
350:Diet
290:IUCN
286:Peru
268:and
226:The
1924:MSW
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1019:doi
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