950:
therefore more likely, to provide direct and indirect benefits to the female compared to other subordinate males. In the white-faced capuchin the alpha male fathers 70-90% of the offspring produced by females in his group. It is hypothesized that females are mating with alpha males while they are ovulating and then mating with subordinate males after they are no longer conceptive. Some female primates, like in the white-fronted capuchin, will mate will subordinate males while they are no longer conceptive in order to decrease the amount of resource competition and increase the amount of male protection for her offspring.
744:
63:
733:
5022:
5744:
932:. The difference in canine dimorphism between these species can be correlated to the differences in social structure of these three groups. The alpha male of the wedge-capped capuchin tends to monopolize mating, therefore engaging in more male-male competition, while in the white-faced capuchin and in the white-fronted capuchin the alpha male does not monopolize mating and allows subordinate males to mate with females. While not much is known about the
38:
3226:
4182:
1584:
772:, which also includes the squirrel monkeys. The evolution of the squirrel monkeys and capuchin monkeys is believed to have diverged about 13 million years ago. According to genetic studies led by Lynch Alfaro in 2011, the gracile and robust capuchins diverged approximately 6.2 million years ago. Lynch Alfaro suspects that the divergence was triggered by the creation of the
944:
If a female is presented an opportunity to copulate with a male she will evaluate both the costs and benefits of that male. Females can obtain direct benefits from males she mates with, where the female gains an instant benefit from the male to herself. Direct benefits that would apply to females of
919:
Intrasexual selection, or male-male competition, occurs when males invoke contests in order to gain the opportunity to reproduce with a female and maximize their reproductive success. Often males are adorned with weaponry, which can be used in order to increase their chances of winning contests for
949:
would include; vigilance from males, protection from predators and conspecifics, and increased resources. Females can also benefit indirectly from males, in the form of phenotypic and genotypic benefits to her offspring as well as male protection of those offspring. Alpha males are more fit, and
792:
Gracile capuchins have longer limbs relative to their body size compared with robust capuchins. Gracile capuchins also have rounder skulls and other differences in skull morphology. Gracile capuchins lack certain adaptations for opening hard nuts which robust capuchins have. These include
978:, only in the white-headed capuchin is there some interaction between males and offspring. In white-headed capuchins males will often investigate, or at least tolerate, their offspring. Alpha males are also more likely to interact with their offspring than subordinate males.
920:
possible mates. In the genus Cebus, there is a large amount of dimorphism in canine size between males and females. Canines are hypothesized to be larger in males because canine dimorphism is generally correlated to male-male competition. In the
974:, kin of the mother are more likely to provide care to the infant compared to other females in the group; siblings were four times as likely to provide infant care compared to other group females. Male parental care is rare in the genus
936:, due to its low population size, it is likely it would possess more canine dimorphism, like the wedge-capped capuchin, because of its similar social structure with a monopolizing alpha male and peripheral subordinate males.
970:. In the wedge-capped capuchin, the mother will provide the infant care for the first three months, however for the next three months the infant relies on the care of other females. In agreement with
1962:
Sargeant, Elizabeth J.; Wikberg, Eva C.; Kawamura, Shoji; Jack, Katharine M.; Fedigan, Linda M. (2016-06-01). "Paternal kin recognition and infant care in white-faced capuchins (
966:
is provided by the mother, but in the case of the wedge-capped capuchin, parental care is also provided by other conspecific females; this type of care is referred to as
869:, as well as part of northern Brazil. The Kaapori capuchin has a range that is disjoint from the other gracile capuchins, living in northern Brazil within the states of
6013:
1141:
1276:
4528:
4470:
4408:
5248:
4942:
4435:
4401:
4337:
3826:
3564:
3441:
3389:
1810:
van Schaik, C. P.; Noordwijk, M. A. van (1989). "The
Special Role of Male Cebus Monkeys in Predation Avoidance and Its Effect on Group Composition".
4959:
4567:
3509:
3153:
3043:
2911:
2777:
2641:
1261:
1922:
O'Brien, Timothy G.; Robinson, John G. (1991). "Allomaternal Care by Female Wedge-Capped
Capuchin Monkeys: Effects of Age, Rank and Relatedness".
902:
rubbing secretions from leaves over their bodies, using leaves as gloves when rubbing fruit or caterpillar secretions and using tools as a probe.
4617:
4463:
4449:
4280:
3455:
3419:
3299:
3034:
2904:
2855:
2735:
4824:
4552:
3782:
3611:
3180:
3163:
2939:
2791:
2784:
2763:
2664:
1793:
987:
5928:
4729:
4344:
3536:
3050:
2890:
2869:
2749:
2742:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2671:
2657:
2017:
de la Torre, S.; Moscoso, P.; Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.; Rosales-Meda, M.; Palacios, E.; Link, A.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021).
4456:
3836:
3728:
3621:
3448:
2918:
2897:
2883:
2826:
2819:
2728:
4442:
3601:
3009:
2995:
2946:
2862:
2845:
2798:
2756:
2685:
2650:
1038:
Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; Silva, j.; Rylands, A.B. (2012). "How
Different Are Robust and Gracile Capuchin Monkeys? An Argument for the Use of
3016:
2981:
2925:
2833:
2812:
2770:
2630:
2234:
564:
3375:
3289:
3057:
3023:
2988:
2960:
2932:
1853:
O'Brien, Timothy G. (1991). "Female-male social interactions in wedge-capped capuchin monkeys: benefits and costs of group living".
5876:
3434:
3002:
2953:
5902:
1531:
Link, A.; Boubli, J.P.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Urbani, B.; Ravetta, A.L.; Guzmán-Caro, D.C.; Muniz, C.C.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021).
1385:
1644:
Wiley, R. Haven; Poston, Joe (1996). "Perspective: Indirect Mate Choice, Competition for Mates, and
Coevolution of the Sexes".
1236:
Mittermeier, Russell A.& Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.).
5920:
2081:
1107:
5907:
2521:
2162:
798:
510:
386:
1172:
1142:"Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys"
2279:
483:
2189:
573:
2243:
1319:
1245:
591:
171:
1769:
1207:
600:
1197:
1093:
962:
state, which means they need a lot of parental care in order to survive. The majority of parental care in the genus
2442:
2261:
615:
501:
413:
45:
5933:
2216:
611:
546:
474:
433:
404:
198:
2180:
1099:
805:), no male gracile capuchin has tufts, while all robust capuchins have tufts. Also, no gracile capuchins have
465:
5985:
2424:
2270:
582:
2415:
5915:
5824:
3934:
2433:
1281:
Phylogenetic
Relationships: A Preliminary Reassessment of the Diversity of the Untufted Capuchin Monkeys"
825:. The Panamanian white-headed capuchin is the most northern species, occurring in Central America from
5829:
2489:
2460:
2041:
1462:
648:
5972:
6008:
2074:
659:
in 1949 and 1960, respectively. These taxonomies established four species of capuchin monkey in the
555:
5021:
1555:
2514:
1363:
1409:
62:
5743:
4779:
4597:
2451:
2372:
1513:
802:
519:
5959:
5764:
4058:
3762:
3143:
2345:
2303:
2016:
929:
903:
797:. Exterior differences include the fact that, although some females have tufts on their head (
368:
335:
5954:
4844:
2469:
2252:
2198:
2171:
991:
921:
899:
632:) due to debate over the aforementioned study, and the ITIS classifies it as a subspecies of
620:
492:
451:
395:
188:
5946:
5850:
5811:
4078:
2327:
2067:
986:
All gracile capuchin species except the
Kaapori capuchin are rated as least concern by the
925:
895:
3225:
8:
5521:
4902:
4181:
4099:
4044:
2507:
2207:
2018:
1439:
537:
377:
267:
213:
1888:
West-Eberhard, Mary Jane (1979). "Sexual
Selection, Social Competition, and Evolution".
5164:
4354:
4294:
3974:
3890:
3136:
1999:
1939:
1897:
1870:
1835:
1827:
1787:
1713:
1661:
1620:
1311:
1255:
1164:
1071:
780:
north of the Amazon River, which evolved into the gracile capuchins, from those in the
652:
644:
57:
1866:
1696:
Masterson, Thomas (2003). "Canine
Dimorphism and Interspecific Canine Form in Cebus".
1532:
5941:
5837:
4743:
4719:
4392:
3704:
2288:
1991:
1983:
1775:
1765:
1669:
1612:
1490:
1437:
1344:
1303:
1241:
1213:
1203:
1160:
1113:
1103:
1063:
528:
237:
1874:
1839:
1717:
1624:
1585:"Experimental Field Study of Problem-Solving Using Tools in Free-Ranging Capuchins (
1315:
1168:
1075:
5842:
5651:
5295:
5188:
4871:
4654:
4590:
4560:
4497:
3584:
3500:
3345:
2363:
2225:
2059:
2036:
2003:
1975:
1931:
1862:
1819:
1705:
1653:
1604:
1550:
1508:
1457:
1358:
1295:
1156:
1055:
933:
751:
442:
297:
285:
273:
5802:
5574:
5543:
5535:
5419:
5319:
5174:
5144:
4761:
4607:
4544:
4374:
4324:
4310:
4303:
4257:
4051:
3846:
3516:
3469:
3403:
2718:
2400:
2390:
2318:
2137:
818:
781:
757:
656:
422:
339:
317:
279:
231:
219:
154:
16:
Genus of mammals belonging to the capuchin and squirrel monkey family of primates
1235:
5787:
5700:
5661:
5592:
5449:
5439:
5409:
5386:
5376:
5366:
5278:
5227:
5212:
5197:
5134:
5113:
5103:
4770:
4750:
4365:
4092:
4069:
3527:
2354:
2336:
1764:. Fisher, Maryanne., Garcia, Justin R., 1985-, Chang, Rosemarie Sokol. Oxford.
1530:
794:
291:
255:
249:
225:
5816:
1709:
6002:
5679:
5514:
5505:
5234:
5204:
5154:
5124:
4966:
4932:
4864:
4786:
4736:
4695:
4674:
4273:
4233:
3954:
3917:
3873:
3866:
3816:
3792:
3412:
3335:
3102:
2027:
1987:
1779:
1760:
Fisher, Maryanne L.; Garcia, Justin R.; Chang, Rosemarie Sokol (2013-03-28).
1541:
1499:
1448:
1349:
1193:
1089:
971:
967:
822:
743:
625:
303:
261:
243:
194:
1935:
1217:
1117:
5711:
5640:
5551:
5528:
5476:
5459:
5429:
5271:
5219:
5073:
4854:
4807:
4712:
4647:
4637:
4627:
4537:
4419:
4381:
4266:
4113:
4106:
4014:
3752:
3738:
3671:
3550:
3320:
3278:
3076:
2615:
1995:
1673:
1616:
1307:
1189:
1067:
777:
773:
716:
689:
668:
180:
1579:
833:. The Colombian white-headed capuchin also has a northern distribution in
342:, and the gracile capuchins. The gracile capuchins retain the genus name
5889:
5796:
5617:
4800:
4681:
4664:
4428:
4034:
3944:
3809:
3772:
3692:
3631:
3352:
2805:
1580:
866:
732:
1762:
Evolution's empress : Darwinian perspectives on the nature of women
1037:
874:
5881:
5093:
4885:
4212:
4199:
4149:
4085:
4024:
3927:
3910:
3802:
3745:
3718:
3681:
3651:
3641:
3366:
3092:
2974:
2678:
2623:
2575:
2530:
2127:
1943:
1831:
1823:
1665:
708:
461:
Subsequent revisions have split some of these into additional species:
124:
1979:
1901:
1608:
1299:
1059:
37:
5894:
5863:
5562:
5492:
5466:
5335:
5285:
4922:
4912:
4835:
4688:
4578:
4477:
4243:
3997:
3900:
3114:
2876:
2592:
959:
878:
858:
768:
The gracile capuchins, like all capuchins, are members of the family
74:
19:"Cebus" redirects here. For the communication hardware protocol, see
5758:
1657:
1438:
Boubli, J.P.; Urbani, B.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; Laroque, P.O. (2021).
1343:
Seyjagat, J.; Biptah, N.; Ramsubage, S.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021).
719:(2001 and 2005) and Silva (2001) regarded it as a separate species.
680:
species included in that taxonomy were the gracile capuchin species
5868:
5781:
5628:
5604:
5397:
5356:
5302:
5241:
4814:
3964:
3857:
3557:
3482:
3382:
2967:
2607:
2548:
2121:
2115:
2109:
1342:
846:
834:
826:
326:. At one time all capuchin monkeys were included within the genus
94:
1738:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 406.
5980:
5689:
5582:
5309:
4949:
4878:
4130:
4123:
3985:
3880:
3662:
3543:
3489:
3309:
3170:
3127:
2560:
2091:
1488:
1199:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1095:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
862:
838:
769:
348:
144:
114:
870:
865:. The weeper capuchin is found over much of Venezuela and over
5259:
5083:
4892:
4793:
4514:
3711:
3427:
3257:
3244:
3196:
2554:
2542:
2103:
854:
830:
134:
104:
84:
5855:
924:
there is a larger amount of canine dimorphism compared to the
845:. The white-fronted capuchin is found over large portions of
5967:
2586:
2499:
842:
806:
784:
south of the river, which evolved into the robust capuchins.
660:
20:
5669:
4702:
1961:
1202:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
850:
624:
based on a 2012 study later found to be flawed, while the
5052:
5039:
4989:
906:
have been observed using leaves as a cup to drink water.
2398:
1238:
Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates
672:, is a robust capuchin and is now included in the genus
939:
793:
differences in the teeth and jaws, and the lack of a
5707:
5696:
5685:
5675:
5657:
5647:
5636:
5588:
5570:
5502:
5472:
5455:
5445:
5435:
5425:
5415:
5405:
5382:
5372:
5362:
5352:
5315:
5291:
5267:
5185:
5170:
5160:
5150:
5140:
5130:
5120:
5109:
5099:
5089:
5079:
5069:
4955:
4938:
4928:
4918:
4908:
4898:
4860:
4850:
4820:
4725:
4708:
4670:
4660:
4643:
4633:
4623:
4613:
4603:
4586:
4525:
4510:
4350:
4321:
4291:
4254:
4239:
4229:
4119:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4010:
3993:
3970:
3960:
3950:
3940:
3923:
3906:
3896:
3886:
3842:
3832:
3822:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3734:
3724:
3700:
3677:
3647:
3637:
3627:
3617:
3607:
3597:
3466:
3400:
3363:
3332:
3316:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3274:
3176:
3159:
3149:
3109:
3098:
3088:
2588:
2089:
636:, also due to debate over the aforementioned study.
346:, while the robust species have been transferred to
1921:
1809:
2042:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en
1463:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81384371A191708662.en
1139:
1890:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1759:
1489:Kierulff, M.C.M. & de Oliveira, M.M. (2008).
6014:Taxa named by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben
6000:
1733:The Complete Capuchin: The Biology of the Genus
1583:; Gomez, D.F. & Bicca-Marques, J.C. (2011).
881:islands is the Trinidad white-fronted capuchin.
817:Gracile capuchin monkeys have a wide range over
1556:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39951A191703935.en
1274:
360:Following Groves (2005), taxa within the genus
1364:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T4085A115560059.en
988:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2515:
2075:
1887:
1526:
1524:
1514:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40019A10303725.en
1260:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1088:
1852:
1643:
3255:
2522:
2508:
2082:
2068:
1792:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1484:
1482:
1480:
1231:
1229:
1227:
36:
5050:
4988:
4210:
4148:
2235:Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin (
2040:
2010:
1695:
1575:
1573:
1554:
1521:
1512:
1461:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1362:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
755:skull, a robust capuchin monkey. Bottom:
334:proposed splitting the genus between the
1730:
1140:Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; et al. (2011).
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1477:
1224:
722:
565:Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin
6001:
1570:
1426:
1268:
1188:
1124:
981:
5763:
5762:
5037:
4197:
3242:
2573:
2503:
2063:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1805:
1803:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1275:Boubli, Jean P.; et al. (2012).
1004:
776:, which separated the monkeys in the
628:classifies it as a distinct species (
477:or Panamanian white-headed capuchin,
5986:3C5E93FB-58C6-4977-A451-F60131C2DD68
5973:FFCB547E-95D9-94FD-C8B7-D0643217EF50
2244:Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin (
1698:International Journal of Primatology
990:. The Kaapori capuchin is rated as
894:Some gracile capuchins are known to
639:
468:or Colombian white-headed capuchin,
2190:Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin, (
2163:Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin (
2028:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1812:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1542:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1500:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1449:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1350:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1182:
940:Direct and indirect female benefits
13:
2443:Central American squirrel monkey (
1950:
1908:
1800:
1742:
1680:
877:. The only species to inhabit the
618:classifies it as conspecific with
592:Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin
14:
6025:
2217:Panamanian white-faced capuchin (
909:
799:Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin
601:Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin
511:Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin
387:Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin
330:. In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro
5742:
5020:
4180:
3224:
2280:Marañón white-fronted capuchin (
2181:Colombian white-faced capuchin (
1386:"ITIS - Report: Cebus albifrons"
1161:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02609.x
958:Capuchin infants are born in an
953:
914:
742:
731:
616:American Society of Mammalogists
574:Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin
61:
46:Panamanian white-headed capuchin
3243:
2271:Varied white-fronted capuchin (
2262:Spix's white-fronted capuchin (
1968:American Journal of Primatology
1881:
1846:
1724:
1637:
1597:American Journal of Primatology
1288:American Journal of Primatology
1048:American Journal of Primatology
812:
612:Trinidad white-fronted capuchin
547:Trinidad white-fronted capuchin
475:Panamanian white-faced capuchin
405:Trinidad white-fronted capuchin
5038:
4198:
2574:
2529:
2416:Black-capped squirrel monkey (
1402:
1378:
1336:
1100:Johns Hopkins University Press
1092:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
1082:
484:Marañón white-fronted capuchin
466:Colombian white-faced capuchin
1:
1867:10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80896-6
997:
787:
583:Varied white-fronted capuchin
502:Spix's white-fronted capuchin
414:Spix's white-fronted capuchin
382:Cebus albifrons aequatorialis
2461:Bare-eared squirrel monkey (
2425:Humboldt's squirrel monkey (
884:
761:, a gracile capuchin monkey.
7:
889:
857:, as well as into southern
355:
10:
6030:
2434:Collins' squirrel monkey (
2154:(Gracile capuchin monkeys)
1731:Fragaszy, Dorothy (2004).
1240:. Lynx. pp. 407–413.
649:William Charles Osman Hill
427:Cebus albifrons versicolor
409:Cebus albifrons trinitatis
18:
5771:
5739:
5627:
5612:
5603:
5561:
5501:
5490:
5396:
5348:
5344:
5333:
5258:
5184:
5065:
5061:
5046:
5033:
5018:
4984:
4834:
4769:
4760:
4577:
4524:
4506:
4495:
4418:
4391:
4364:
4332:
4320:
4290:
4253:
4225:
4221:
4206:
4193:
4178:
4144:
4068:
3984:
3856:
3691:
3661:
3593:
3582:
3526:
3499:
3477:
3465:
3399:
3362:
3331:
3270:
3266:
3251:
3238:
3221:
3195:
3126:
3084:
3075:
3071:
3033:
2843:
2716:
2640:
2602:
2582:
2569:
2537:
2486:
2452:Guianan squirrel monkey (
2389:
2373:Golden-bellied capuchin (
2310:(Robust capuchin monkeys)
2301:
2145:
2136:
2098:
2090:Extant species of family
2035:: e.T81257277A191708164.
1456:: e.T81384371A191708662.
821:and north and north-west
699:was subsequently renamed
666:. One of those species,
556:Venezuelan brown capuchin
436:or white-faced capuchin,
391:Cebus albifrons albifrons
210:
205:
186:
179:
58:Scientific classification
56:
44:
35:
30:
2346:Black-striped capuchin (
1196:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
418:Cebus albifrons unicolor
400:Cebus albifrons cuscinus
314:Gracile capuchin monkeys
31:Gracile capuchin monkey
2470:Black squirrel monkey (
2253:Wedge-capped capuchin (
2199:Shock-headed capuchin (
2172:Brown weeper capuchin (
1936:10.1163/156853991X00355
1710:10.1023/A:1021406831019
1414:www.mammaldiversity.org
1149:Journal of Biogeography
904:White-fronted capuchins
803:Guianan weeper capuchin
520:Guianan weeper capuchin
336:robust capuchin monkeys
1549:: e.T39951A191703935.
1410:"Explore the Database"
930:white-fronted capuchin
900:white-headed capuchins
707:had been considered a
614:is controversial; the
369:White-fronted capuchin
5955:Paleobiology Database
2208:Ecuadorian capuchin (
1507:: e.T40019A10303725.
1357:: e.T4085A115560059.
992:critically endangered
922:wedge-capped capuchin
610:The placement of the
493:Shock-headed capuchin
452:Wedge-capped capuchin
434:White-headed capuchin
396:Shock-headed capuchin
972:kin selection theory
926:white-faced capuchin
723:Evolutionary history
4903:Paradolichopithecus
2328:Azaras's capuchin (
2289:Chestnut capuchin (
982:Conservation status
697:Cebus nigrivittatus
686:Cebus nigrivittatus
676:. The other three
605:Cebus aequatorialis
569:Cebus leucocephalus
378:Ecuadorian capuchin
268:Cebus leucocephalus
214:Cebus aequatorialis
4529:Victoriapithecidae
4471:Plesiopliopithecus
4409:Platodontopithecus
2427:S. cassiquiarensis
2407:(Squirrel monkeys)
2364:Crested capuchin (
2226:Kaapori capuchin (
1824:10.1007/BF00290902
1345:"Cebus trinitatis"
645:Philip Hershkovitz
5996:
5995:
5942:Open Tree of Life
5765:Taxon identifiers
5756:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5486:
5485:
5329:
5328:
5029:
5028:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4393:Dionysopithecidae
4295:Propliopithecidae
4189:
4188:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4140:
4139:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3234:
3233:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3191:
3190:
3067:
3066:
2497:
2496:
2482:
2481:
2385:
2384:
2319:Tufted capuchin (
1980:10.1002/ajp.22530
1609:10.1002/ajp.20957
1300:10.1002/ajp.21998
1109:978-0-8018-8221-0
1060:10.1002/ajp.22007
968:allomaternal care
640:Taxonomic history
529:Chestnut capuchin
311:
310:
175:
6021:
6009:Capuchin monkeys
5989:
5988:
5976:
5975:
5963:
5962:
5950:
5949:
5937:
5936:
5924:
5923:
5911:
5910:
5898:
5897:
5885:
5884:
5872:
5871:
5859:
5858:
5846:
5845:
5833:
5832:
5820:
5819:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5760:
5759:
5747:
5746:
5709:
5698:
5687:
5677:
5659:
5652:Australopithecus
5649:
5638:
5610:
5609:
5590:
5572:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5474:
5457:
5447:
5437:
5427:
5417:
5407:
5384:
5374:
5364:
5354:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5317:
5293:
5269:
5189:Dendropithecidae
5187:
5172:
5162:
5152:
5142:
5132:
5122:
5111:
5101:
5091:
5081:
5071:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5048:
5047:
5035:
5034:
5024:
4986:
4985:
4957:
4940:
4930:
4920:
4910:
4900:
4862:
4852:
4822:
4767:
4766:
4727:
4710:
4672:
4662:
4645:
4635:
4625:
4615:
4605:
4591:Cercopithecoides
4588:
4561:Victoriapithecus
4527:
4512:
4504:
4503:
4498:Cercopithecoidea
4352:
4330:
4329:
4323:
4293:
4256:
4241:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4195:
4194:
4184:
4146:
4145:
4121:
4042:
4032:
4022:
4012:
3995:
3972:
3962:
3952:
3942:
3925:
3908:
3898:
3888:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3800:
3790:
3780:
3770:
3760:
3736:
3726:
3702:
3679:
3649:
3639:
3629:
3619:
3609:
3599:
3591:
3590:
3501:Proteopithecidae
3475:
3474:
3468:
3402:
3365:
3334:
3318:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3229:
3228:
3178:
3161:
3151:
3111:
3100:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3072:
2600:
2599:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2571:
2570:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2375:S. xanthosternos
2355:Black capuchin (
2337:Blond capuchin (
2312:
2311:
2237:C. leucocephalus
2210:C. aequatorialis
2156:
2155:
2143:
2142:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1855:Animal Behaviour
1850:
1844:
1843:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1783:
1757:
1740:
1739:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1693:
1678:
1677:
1652:(4): 1371–1381.
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1587:Sapajus nigritus
1577:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1486:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1435:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1318:. Archived from
1285:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1171:. Archived from
1146:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1098:(3rd ed.).
1086:
1080:
1079:
1035:
934:Kaapori capuchin
898:. These include
752:Sapajus nigritus
746:
735:
657:capuchin monkeys
596:Cebus malitiosus
587:Cebus versicolor
551:Cebus trinitatis
538:Ka'apor capuchin
443:Kaapori capuchin
318:capuchin monkeys
298:Cebus versicolor
286:Cebus trinitatis
274:Cebus malitiosus
170:
66:
65:
40:
28:
27:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6018:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5984:
5979:
5971:
5966:
5958:
5953:
5945:
5940:
5932:
5927:
5919:
5914:
5906:
5901:
5893:
5888:
5880:
5875:
5867:
5862:
5854:
5849:
5841:
5836:
5828:
5823:
5815:
5810:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5767:
5757:
5748:
5741:
5717:
5623:
5599:
5575:Chororapithecus
5557:
5544:Pierolapithecus
5536:Hispanopithecus
5495:
5482:
5420:Gigantopithecus
5392:
5338:
5325:
5320:Yuanmoupithecus
5254:
5249:Turkanapithecus
5180:
5175:Samburupithecus
5145:Nacholapithecus
5055:
5042:
5025:
5004:
4972:
4943:Procynocephalus
4830:
4762:Cercopithecinae
4756:
4608:Dolichopithecus
4573:
4545:Nsungwepithecus
4520:
4500:
4483:
4436:Barberapithecus
4414:
4402:Dionysopithecus
4387:
4375:Epipliopithecus
4360:
4338:Krishnapithecus
4325:Pliopithecoidea
4316:
4311:Propliopithecus
4304:Aegyptopithecus
4286:
4258:Oligopithecidae
4249:
4215:
4202:
4185:
4164:
4136:
4064:
3980:
3852:
3827:Proteropithecia
3687:
3657:
3587:
3570:
3565:Ucayalipithecus
3522:
3495:
3470:Parapithecoidea
3461:
3442:Myanmarpithecus
3404:Amphipithecidae
3395:
3390:Phenacopithecus
3358:
3327:
3260:
3247:
3230:
3223:
3211:
3187:
3122:
3063:
3029:
2839:
2719:Anaptomorphinae
2712:
2636:
2596:
2578:
2565:
2533:
2528:
2498:
2493:
2478:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2381:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2132:
2094:
2088:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2021:Cebus capucinus
2015:
2011:
1964:Cebus capucinus
1960:
1951:
1920:
1909:
1886:
1882:
1851:
1847:
1808:
1801:
1785:
1784:
1772:
1758:
1743:
1729:
1725:
1694:
1681:
1658:10.2307/2410875
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1578:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1535:Cebus albifrons
1529:
1522:
1487:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1442:Cebus olivaceus
1436:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1341:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1283:
1273:
1269:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1234:
1225:
1210:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1144:
1138:
1125:
1110:
1087:
1083:
1036:
1005:
1000:
984:
956:
942:
917:
912:
892:
887:
819:Central America
815:
790:
782:Atlantic Forest
766:
765:
764:
763:
762:
758:Cebus olivaceus
747:
738:
737:
736:
725:
701:Cebus olivaceus
693:Cebus capucinus
682:Cebus albifrons
642:
630:Cebus triniatis
533:Cebus castaneus
524:Cebus olivaceus
515:Cebus albifrons
470:Cebus capucinus
456:Cebus olivaceus
438:Cebus capucinus
423:Varied capuchin
373:Cebus albifrons
358:
340:tufted capuchin
301:
295:
289:
283:
280:Cebus olivaceus
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
241:
238:Cebus castaneus
235:
232:Cebus capucinus
229:
223:
220:Cebus albifrons
217:
201:
192:
169:
60:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6027:
6017:
6016:
6011:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5977:
5964:
5951:
5938:
5925:
5912:
5899:
5886:
5873:
5860:
5847:
5834:
5821:
5808:
5793:
5777:
5775:
5769:
5768:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5705:
5701:Sahelanthropus
5694:
5683:
5673:
5666:
5662:Graecopithecus
5655:
5645:
5633:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5593:Nakalipithecus
5586:
5579:
5567:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5510:
5508:
5496:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5470:
5463:
5453:
5450:Lufengpithecus
5443:
5440:Khoratpithecus
5433:
5423:
5413:
5410:Ankarapithecus
5402:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5387:Ouranopithecus
5380:
5377:Nakalipithecus
5370:
5367:Graecopithecus
5360:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5264:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5228:Rangwapithecus
5224:
5216:
5213:Nyanzapithecus
5209:
5201:
5198:Dendropithecus
5193:
5191:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5168:
5158:
5148:
5138:
5135:Morotopithecus
5128:
5118:
5114:Kamoyapithecus
5107:
5104:Griphopithecus
5097:
5087:
5077:
5066:
5056:
5051:
5044:
5043:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4960:Soromandrillus
4953:
4946:
4936:
4926:
4916:
4906:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4858:
4848:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4780:Allenopithecus
4775:
4773:
4771:Cercopithecini
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4751:Trachypithecus
4747:
4740:
4733:
4723:
4716:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4668:
4658:
4651:
4641:
4631:
4621:
4611:
4601:
4594:
4583:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4568:Zaltanpithecus
4564:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4531:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4507:
4501:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4378:
4370:
4368:
4366:Pliopithecidae
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4348:
4341:
4333:
4327:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4226:
4216:
4211:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4117:
4110:
4107:Leontopithecus
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4074:
4072:
4070:Callitrichidae
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
4008:
4001:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3968:
3958:
3948:
3938:
3931:
3921:
3914:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3830:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3675:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3594:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3528:Parapithecidae
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3510:Proteopithecus
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3339:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3314:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3271:
3261:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3174:
3167:
3157:
3154:Hesperotarsius
3147:
3140:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3107:
3096:
3085:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2912:Gunnelltarsius
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2778:Pseudotetonius
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2644:
2642:Microchoerinae
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2587:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2418:S. boliviensis
2412:
2410:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2348:S. libidinosus
2343:
2334:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2009:
1974:(6): 659–668.
1949:
1930:(1/2): 30–50.
1907:
1896:(4): 222–234.
1880:
1861:(4): 555–567.
1845:
1818:(5): 265–276.
1799:
1770:
1741:
1723:
1679:
1636:
1591:Cebus nigritus
1569:
1520:
1476:
1425:
1401:
1377:
1335:
1267:
1247:978-8496553897
1246:
1223:
1208:
1181:
1178:on 2015-02-26.
1155:(2): 272–288.
1123:
1108:
1081:
1002:
1001:
999:
996:
983:
980:
955:
952:
941:
938:
916:
913:
911:
910:Mating systems
908:
891:
888:
886:
883:
814:
811:
795:sagittal crest
789:
786:
748:
741:
740:
739:
730:
729:
728:
727:
726:
724:
721:
641:
638:
608:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
562:
560:Cebus brunneus
553:
544:
535:
526:
517:
508:
506:Cebus unicolor
499:
497:Cebus cuscinus
490:
481:
479:Cebus imitator
472:
459:
458:
449:
440:
431:
430:
429:
420:
411:
402:
393:
384:
357:
354:
338:, such as the
309:
308:
292:Cebus unicolor
256:Cebus imitator
250:Cebus cuscinus
226:Cebus brunneus
208:
207:
203:
202:
193:
189:Simia capucina
184:
183:
177:
176:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
50:Cebus imitator
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6026:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
5987:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5761:
5745:
5714:
5713:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:Kenyanthropus
5674:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5594:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5515:Anoiapithecus
5512:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5506:Dryopithecini
5500:
5497:
5494:
5489:
5479:
5478:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5332:
5322:
5321:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5235:Rukwapithecus
5232:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:Micropithecus
5202:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5155:Otavipithecus
5149:
5147:
5146:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5125:Kenyapithecus
5119:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5023:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4969:
4968:
4967:Theropithecus
4964:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4933:Procercocebus
4927:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4865:Gorgopithecus
4859:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4794:Cercopithecus
4791:
4789:
4788:
4787:Allochrocebus
4784:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4737:Semnopithecus
4734:
4732:
4731:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4720:Rhinopithecus
4717:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4675:Parapresbytis
4669:
4667:
4666:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4618:Kuseracolobus
4612:
4610:
4609:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4464:Laccopithecus
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4450:Egarapithecus
4447:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4281:Talahpithecus
4278:
4276:
4275:
4274:Oligopithecus
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4234:Micropithecus
4228:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4183:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3955:Protopithecus
3949:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:Plecturocebus
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3793:Miocallicebus
3787:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3581:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3456:Siamopithecus
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:Bugtipithecus
3417:
3415:
3414:
3413:Amphipithecus
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:Afrotarsiidae
3330:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3300:Aseanpithecus
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3144:Cephalopachus
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3116:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:Afrotarsiidae
3097:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3035:Tarkadectinae
3032:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2905:Ekwiiyemakius
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:Ageitodendron
2853:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2736:Anaptomorphus
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2273:C. versicolor
2269:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2246:C. malitiosus
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1771:9780199892747
1767:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1737:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:(4): 344–58.
1602:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1493:Cebus kaapori
1485:
1483:
1481:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1325:on 2016-03-04
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1209:0-801-88221-4
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:Wilson, D. E.
1191:
1190:Groves, C. P.
1185:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1090:Wilson, D. E.
1085:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:
995:
993:
989:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:Parental care
951:
948:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
915:Male weaponry
907:
905:
901:
897:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:and northern
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:South America
820:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
760:
759:
754:
753:
745:
734:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:Cebus kaapori
702:
698:
694:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
637:
635:
631:
627:
626:IUCN Red List
623:
622:
617:
613:
606:
602:
599:
597:
593:
590:
588:
584:
581:
579:
578:Cebus cesarae
575:
572:
570:
566:
563:
561:
557:
554:
552:
548:
545:
543:
542:Cebus kaapori
539:
536:
534:
530:
527:
525:
521:
518:
516:
512:
509:
507:
503:
500:
498:
494:
491:
489:
488:Cebus yuracus
485:
482:
480:
476:
473:
471:
467:
464:
463:
462:
457:
453:
450:
448:
447:Cebus kaapori
444:
441:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
421:
419:
415:
412:
410:
406:
403:
401:
397:
394:
392:
388:
385:
383:
379:
376:
375:
374:
370:
367:
366:
365:
363:
353:
351:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:
320:in the genus
319:
315:
307:
306:
305:
304:Cebus yuracus
300:
299:
294:
293:
288:
287:
282:
281:
276:
275:
270:
269:
264:
263:
262:Cebus kaapori
258:
257:
252:
251:
246:
245:
244:Cebus cesarae
240:
239:
234:
233:
228:
227:
222:
221:
216:
215:
209:
204:
200:
196:
191:
190:
185:
182:
178:
173:
168:
167:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5772:
5712:Paranthropus
5710:
5699:
5688:
5678:
5668:
5660:
5650:
5641:Ardipithecus
5639:
5616:
5591:
5581:
5573:
5552:Rudapithecus
5550:
5542:
5534:
5529:Dryopithecus
5527:
5520:
5513:
5477:Sivapithecus
5475:
5465:
5460:Meganthropus
5458:
5448:
5438:
5430:Indopithecus
5428:
5418:
5408:
5385:
5375:
5365:
5355:
5318:
5310:Symphalangus
5308:
5301:
5294:
5284:
5277:
5272:Bunopithecus
5270:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5220:Oreopithecus
5218:
5211:
5203:
5196:
5173:
5163:
5153:
5143:
5133:
5123:
5112:
5102:
5092:
5082:
5074:Afropithecus
5072:
4965:
4958:
4948:
4941:
4931:
4921:
4911:
4901:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4855:Dinopithecus
4853:
4843:
4825:Nanopithecus
4823:
4813:
4808:Erythrocebus
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4718:
4713:Rhinocolobus
4711:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4682:Piliocolobus
4680:
4673:
4663:
4653:
4648:Microcolobus
4646:
4638:Mesopithecus
4636:
4628:Libypithecus
4626:
4616:
4606:
4596:
4589:
4566:
4559:
4553:Prohylobates
4551:
4543:
4538:Noropithecus
4536:
4513:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:Crouzeliidae
4407:
4400:
4382:Pliopithecus
4380:
4373:
4353:
4343:
4336:
4309:
4302:
4279:
4272:
4267:Catopithecus
4265:
4242:
4232:
4129:
4122:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4033:
4023:
4015:Dolichocebus
4013:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3973:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3933:
3926:
3916:
3909:
3899:
3889:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3791:
3783:Mazzonicebus
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3744:
3739:Cebupithecia
3737:
3727:
3717:
3710:
3705:Antillothrix
3703:
3680:
3670:
3650:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3612:Perupithecus
3610:
3600:
3563:
3556:
3551:Parapithecus
3549:
3542:
3535:
3515:
3508:
3488:
3481:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3418:
3411:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3351:
3344:
3321:Phileosimias
3319:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3279:Altiatlasius
3277:
3181:Xanthorhysis
3179:
3169:
3164:Oligotarsius
3162:
3152:
3142:
3135:
3112:
3101:
3091:
3077:Tarsiiformes
3056:
3049:
3042:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2940:Macrotarsius
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2792:Strigorhysis
2790:
2785:Sphacorhysis
2783:
2776:
2769:
2764:Chlororhysis
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2665:Microchoerus
2663:
2656:
2649:
2629:
2622:
2616:Altiatlasius
2614:
2606:
2488:
2472:S. vanzolini
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2399:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2302:
2291:C. castaneus
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2255:C. olivaceus
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2183:C. capucinus
2182:
2173:
2165:C. albifrons
2164:
2147:
2146:
2046:. Retrieved
2032:
2026:
2020:
2012:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1927:
1923:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1815:
1811:
1761:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1701:
1697:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1628:. Retrieved
1600:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1581:Garber, P.A.
1560:. Retrieved
1546:
1540:
1534:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1467:. Retrieved
1453:
1447:
1441:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1393:. Retrieved
1390:www.itis.gov
1389:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1354:
1348:
1338:
1327:. Retrieved
1320:the original
1291:
1287:
1278:
1270:
1237:
1198:
1184:
1173:the original
1152:
1148:
1094:
1084:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
985:
975:
963:
957:
946:
943:
918:
893:
853:and western
841:west of the
816:
813:Distribution
791:
774:Amazon River
767:
756:
750:
713:C. olivaceus
712:
704:
700:
696:
692:
690:type species
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:Cebus apella
667:
663:
643:
634:C. albifrons
633:
629:
619:
609:
604:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
550:
541:
532:
523:
514:
505:
496:
487:
478:
469:
460:
455:
446:
437:
426:
417:
408:
399:
390:
381:
372:
361:
359:
347:
343:
331:
327:
322:
321:
313:
312:
302:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
266:
260:
254:
248:
242:
236:
230:
224:
218:
212:
211:
187:
181:Type species
165:
164:
131:Infraorder:
49:
25:
5890:iNaturalist
5797:Wikispecies
5260:Hylobatidae
4950:Rungwecebus
4815:Miopithecus
4801:Chlorocebus
4730:Sawecolobus
4665:Paracolobus
4429:Anapithecus
4345:Paidopithex
4100:Leontocebus
4035:Panamacebus
3945:Paralouatta
3881:Brachyteles
3773:Insulacebus
3693:Pitheciidae
3632:Canaanimico
3585:Platyrrhini
3537:Abuqatrania
3353:Afrotarsius
3258:Simiiformes
3245:Simiiformes
3197:Simiiformes
3051:Tarkadectes
2891:Diablomomys
2870:Brontomomys
2806:Teilhardina
2750:Arapahovius
2743:Anemorhysis
2707:Vectipithex
2700:Quercyloris
2693:Pseudoloris
2672:Nannopithex
2658:Melaneremia
2454:S. sciureus
2445:S. oerstedi
2436:S. collinsi
2391:Saimiriinae
2366:S. robustus
2357:S. nigritus
2264:C. unicolor
2219:C. imitator
2201:C. cuscinus
2174:C. brunneus
2048:11 November
1704:: 159–178.
1589:, formerly
1562:11 November
1469:11 November
1370:4 September
1294:(4): 1–13.
1054:(4): 1–14.
867:The Guianas
621:C. brunneus
364:include:
151:Subfamily:
135:Simiiformes
6003:Categories
5094:Equatorius
5053:Hominoidea
5040:Hominoidea
4999:see below↓
4990:Hominoidea
4886:Mandrillus
4872:Lophocebus
4845:Cercocebus
4696:Procolobus
4457:Fanchangia
4213:Catarrhini
4200:Catarrhini
4159:see below↓
4150:Catarrhini
4086:Callithrix
4025:Killikaike
3928:Mohanamico
3911:Chilecebus
3837:Soriacebus
3803:Nuciruptor
3763:Homunculus
3753:Chiropotes
3746:Cheracebus
3729:Carlocebus
3719:Callicebus
3682:Tremacebus
3652:Lagonimico
3642:Branisella
3622:Szalatavus
3449:Pondaungia
3367:Eosimiidae
3206:see below↓
3093:Archicebus
2975:Shoshonius
2919:Hemiacodon
2898:Dyseolemur
2884:Chumashius
2827:Trogolemur
2820:Tetonoides
2729:Absarokius
2679:Necrolemur
2624:Bownomomys
2576:Haplorhini
2531:Haplorhini
2339:S. flavius
2282:C. yuracus
2228:C. kaapori
2128:Haplorhini
2126:Suborder:
1630:2012-03-18
1419:2021-12-07
1395:2021-12-07
1329:2018-12-30
998:References
945:the genus
788:Morphology
709:subspecies
653:taxonomies
651:published
125:Haplorhini
121:Suborder:
5563:Gorillini
5493:Homininae
5336:Hominidae
5286:Hylobates
5165:Proconsul
4923:Pliopapio
4913:Parapapio
4836:Papionini
4703:Pygathrix
4689:Presbytis
4579:Colobinae
4478:Pliobates
4443:Crouzelia
4244:Saadanius
4079:Callimico
3998:Acrecebus
3975:Stirtonia
3918:Lagothrix
3901:Cartelles
3847:Xenothrix
3602:Parvimico
3128:Tarsiidae
3115:Omomyidae
3010:Washakius
2996:Uintanius
2947:Nesomomys
2877:Chipetaia
2863:Asiomomys
2846:Omomyinae
2799:Tatmanius
2757:Aycrossia
2686:Paraloris
2651:Indusomys
2593:Omomyidae
2541:Kingdom:
2321:S. apella
2192:C. cesare
2102:Kingdom:
1988:1098-2345
1924:Behaviour
1788:cite book
1780:859536355
1646:Evolution
1256:cite book
960:altricial
896:use tools
885:Behaviour
879:Caribbean
859:Venezuela
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
5921:12100255
5788:Q8447051
5782:Wikidata
5629:Hominina
5605:Hominini
5522:Danuvius
5398:Ponginae
5357:Buronius
5303:Nomascus
5242:Simiolus
4131:Saguinus
4093:Cebuella
4045:Patasola
3965:Solimoea
3867:Alouatta
3858:Atelidae
3810:Pithecia
3558:Qatrania
3483:Arsinoea
3383:Eosimias
3017:Wyomomys
2982:Steinius
2968:Rooneyia
2926:Jemezius
2834:Walshina
2813:Tetonius
2771:Gazinius
2631:Kohatius
2608:Altanius
2561:Primates
2555:Mammalia
2549:Chordata
2547:Phylum:
2543:Animalia
2490:Category
2463:S. ustus
2122:Primates
2116:Mammalia
2110:Chordata
2108:Phylum:
2104:Animalia
1996:26815856
1875:53202962
1840:30473544
1718:22642329
1674:28565703
1625:39363765
1617:21538454
1316:12171529
1308:22311697
1218:62265494
1192:(2005).
1169:13791283
1118:62265494
1076:18840598
1068:22328205
928:and the
890:Tool use
875:Maranhão
847:Colombia
835:Colombia
827:Honduras
688:and the
356:Taxonomy
206:Species
195:Linnaeus
172:Erxleben
141:Family:
115:Primates
105:Mammalia
95:Chordata
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
5981:ZooBank
5882:2436635
5690:Orrorin
5583:Gorilla
5279:Hoolock
4655:Nasalis
4598:Colobus
4124:Micodon
4059:Sapajus
4052:Saimiri
3986:Cebidae
3935:Oreonax
3891:Caipora
3712:Cacajao
3663:Aotidae
3544:Apidium
3517:Serapia
3490:Biretia
3376:Bahinia
3346:Afrasia
3310:Nosmips
3290:Amamria
3171:Tarsius
3137:Carlito
3058:Tarkops
3024:Yaquius
2989:Stockia
2961:Ourayia
2933:Loveina
2559:Order:
2553:Class:
2401:Saimiri
2304:Sapajus
2138:Cebinae
2120:Order:
2114:Class:
2092:Cebidae
2004:3802355
1944:4534974
1832:4600275
1666:2410875
1040:Sapajus
863:Bolivia
839:Ecuador
770:Cebidae
674:Sapajus
655:of the
349:Sapajus
161:Genus:
155:Cebinae
145:Cebidae
111:Order:
101:Class:
5947:217260
5908:572816
5869:1CEBUG
5084:Ekembo
4879:Macaca
4744:Simias
4515:Alophe
3874:Ateles
3435:Krabia
3428:Ganlea
3003:Utahia
2954:Omomys
2330:S. cay
2002:
1994:
1986:
1942:
1902:986582
1900:
1873:
1838:
1830:
1778:
1768:
1716:
1672:
1664:
1623:
1615:
1314:
1306:
1244:
1216:
1206:
1167:
1116:
1106:
1074:
1066:
855:Brazil
831:Panama
807:beards
778:Amazon
717:Groves
332:et al.
174:, 1777
5968:Plazi
5960:92615
5895:43429
5856:41558
5843:62K6B
5817:Cebus
5803:Cebus
5773:Cebus
5467:Pongo
5296:Junzi
4893:Papio
4005:Cebus
3672:Aotus
3044:Tarka
2148:Cebus
2000:S2CID
1940:JSTOR
1898:JSTOR
1871:S2CID
1836:S2CID
1828:JSTOR
1735:Cebus
1714:S2CID
1662:JSTOR
1621:S2CID
1323:(PDF)
1312:S2CID
1284:(PDF)
1279:Cebus
1176:(PDF)
1165:S2CID
1145:(PDF)
1072:S2CID
1044:Cebus
976:Cebus
964:Cebus
947:Cebus
843:Andes
749:Top:
678:Cebus
664:Cebus
661:genus
362:Cebus
344:Cebus
328:Cebus
323:Cebus
166:Cebus
21:CEBus
5934:9513
5929:NCBI
5903:ITIS
5877:GBIF
5864:EPPO
5830:6879
5825:BOLD
5670:Homo
4355:Kapi
4114:Mico
2050:2021
2033:2021
1992:PMID
1984:ISSN
1966:)".
1794:link
1776:OCLC
1766:ISBN
1670:PMID
1613:PMID
1564:2021
1547:2021
1505:2008
1471:2021
1454:2021
1372:2022
1355:2021
1304:PMID
1262:link
1242:ISBN
1214:OCLC
1204:ISBN
1114:OCLC
1104:ISBN
1064:PMID
1042:and
873:and
871:Pará
851:Peru
837:and
801:and
715:but
647:and
316:are
199:1758
5916:MSW
5851:EoL
5838:CoL
5812:ADW
5618:Pan
2037:doi
1976:doi
1932:doi
1928:119
1894:123
1863:doi
1820:doi
1706:doi
1654:doi
1605:doi
1551:doi
1509:doi
1458:doi
1359:doi
1296:doi
1157:doi
1056:doi
1046:".
829:to
711:of
695:.
6005::
5983::
5970::
5957::
5944::
5931::
5918::
5905::
5892::
5879::
5866::
5853::
5840::
5827::
5814::
5799::
5784::
2031:.
2025:.
1998:.
1990:.
1982:.
1972:78
1970:.
1952:^
1938:.
1926:.
1910:^
1892:.
1869:.
1859:41
1857:.
1834:.
1826:.
1816:24
1814:.
1802:^
1790:}}
1786:{{
1774:.
1744:^
1712:.
1702:24
1700:.
1682:^
1668:.
1660:.
1650:50
1648:.
1619:.
1611:.
1601:74
1599:.
1595:.
1593:)"
1572:^
1545:.
1539:.
1523:^
1503:.
1497:.
1479:^
1452:.
1446:.
1428:^
1412:.
1388:.
1353:.
1347:.
1310:.
1302:.
1292:74
1290:.
1286:.
1258:}}
1254:{{
1226:^
1212:.
1163:.
1153:39
1151:.
1147:.
1126:^
1112:.
1102:.
1070:.
1062:.
1052:74
1050:.
1006:^
994:.
849:,
809:.
703:.
684:,
603:,
594:,
585:,
576:,
567:,
558:,
549:,
540:,
531:,
522:,
513:,
504:,
495:,
486:,
454:,
445:,
425:,
416:,
407:,
398:,
389:,
380:,
371:,
352:.
197:,
52:)
5708:†
5704:?
5697:†
5693:?
5686:†
5676:†
5665:?
5658:†
5648:†
5644:?
5637:†
5596:?
5589:†
5578:?
5571:†
5547:?
5539:?
5503:†
5473:†
5456:†
5446:†
5436:†
5426:†
5416:†
5406:†
5383:†
5373:†
5363:†
5353:†
5316:†
5292:†
5268:†
5223:?
5208:?
5186:†
5171:†
5161:†
5151:†
5141:†
5131:†
5121:†
5117:?
5110:†
5100:†
5090:†
5080:†
5070:†
4956:†
4939:†
4929:†
4919:†
4909:†
4899:†
4861:†
4851:†
4821:†
4726:†
4709:†
4671:†
4661:†
4644:†
4634:†
4624:†
4614:†
4604:†
4587:†
4556:?
4548:?
4526:†
4511:†
4351:†
4322:†
4292:†
4255:†
4240:†
4230:†
4120:†
4041:†
4031:†
4021:†
4011:†
3994:†
3971:†
3961:†
3951:†
3941:†
3924:†
3907:†
3897:†
3887:†
3843:†
3833:†
3823:†
3799:†
3789:†
3779:†
3769:†
3759:†
3735:†
3725:†
3701:†
3678:†
3648:†
3638:†
3628:†
3618:†
3608:†
3598:†
3467:†
3423:?
3401:†
3364:†
3338:?
3333:†
3324:?
3317:†
3313:?
3306:†
3296:†
3286:†
3282:?
3275:†
3184:?
3177:†
3160:†
3150:†
3119:?
3117:"
3113:"
3110:†
3106:?
3099:†
3089:†
2848:"
2844:"
2721:"
2717:"
2619:?
2611:?
2595:"
2591:"
2589:†
2523:e
2516:t
2509:v
2474:)
2465:)
2456:)
2447:)
2438:)
2429:)
2420:)
2377:)
2368:)
2359:)
2350:)
2341:)
2332:)
2323:)
2293:)
2284:)
2275:)
2266:)
2257:)
2248:)
2239:)
2230:)
2221:)
2212:)
2203:)
2194:)
2185:)
2176:)
2167:)
2083:e
2076:t
2069:v
2052:.
2039::
2023:"
2019:"
2006:.
1978::
1946:.
1934::
1904:.
1877:.
1865::
1842:.
1822::
1796:)
1782:.
1720:.
1708::
1676:.
1656::
1633:.
1607::
1566:.
1553::
1537:"
1533:"
1517:.
1511::
1495:"
1491:"
1473:.
1460::
1444:"
1440:"
1422:.
1398:.
1374:.
1361::
1332:.
1298::
1277:"
1264:)
1250:.
1220:.
1159::
1120:.
1078:.
1058::
48:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
