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170:) to catch the animal and may have a baulk gate that swings aside to assist in catching the beast. The bail is often adjustable to accommodate animals of different sizes. This bail may incorporate a chin or neck bar to hold the animal's head still. A side lever operates the head bail to capture the animals, with the better types having a rear drop-away safety lever for easier movement of the cattle into the bail. Usually, smaller animals can walk through the head bails incorporated in crushes.
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322:. Crushes were, and in places still are, used for this purpose in North America and in many European countries. They were usually stand-alone constructions of heavy timbers or stone columns and beams. Some crushes were simple, without a head bail or yoke, while others had more sophisticated restraints and mechanisms; a common feature is a belly sling which allows the animal to be partly or wholly raised from the ground. In Spain, the crush was a village community resource and is called
480:
374:, or "the machine for shoeing the oxen". In the United States it was called an ox sling, an ox press or shoeing stalls. In some countries, including the Netherlands and France, horses were commonly shod in the same structures. In the United States similar but smaller structures, usually called horse shoeing stocks, are still in use, primarily to assist farriers in supporting the weight of the horse's hoof and leg when shoeing
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127:, marked, or given veterinary treatment. Cows may be made to suckle calves in a crush. For the safety of the animal and the people attending it, a close-fitting crush may be used to ensure the animal stands "stock still". The overall purpose of a crush is to hold an animal still to minimise the risk of injury to both the animal and the operator while work on the animal is performed.
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welded together, while superior quality crushes are now manufactured using doubly symmetric oval tubing for increasing bending strength, bruise minimisation and stiffness in stockyard applications. In
Australia, the steel itself should ideally be manufactured to High Tensile Grade 350LO - 450LO and conform to Australian Standards AS 1163 for structural steel.
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has a manual or hydraulic mechanism to squeeze the animal from the sides, immobilizing the animal while keeping bruising to a minimum. A sliding entrance gate, operated from the side of the crush, is set a few feet behind the captured animal to allow for clearance and prevent other animals entering.
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Standing stocks for cattle and horses are more commonly stand-alone units, not connected to races (alleys) except for handling animals not accustomed to being handled. These stand-alone units may be permanent or portable. Some portable units disassemble for transport to shows and sales. These units
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Crushes were traditionally manufactured from wood; this, however, was prone to deterioration from the elements over time, as well as having the potential to splinter and cause injury to the animal. In recent years, most budget-quality crushes have been built using standard heavy steel pipe that is
299:, specifically trimming excess hoof material and cleaning. Such crushes range from simple standing frameworks to highly complex fixed or portable devices where much or all of the process is mechanised. Many standard crushes now come with optional fitting kits to add to a non-foot trimming crush.
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Some mobile crushes are equipped with a set of wheels so they can be towed from yard to yard. A few of these portable crushes are built so the crush may also be used as a portable loading ramp. A mobile crush must incorporate a strong floor, to prevent the animal moving it by walking along the
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Lower side panels and/or gates of sheet metal, timber or conveyor belting are used in some cases to ensure animals' legs do not get caught and reduce the likelihood of operator injury. At least one side gate is usually split to allow access to various parts of the animal being held, as well as
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or pregnancy testing is being performed, or for other uses. Older crushes can also be found to have a guillotine gate that is also operated from the side via rope or chain where the gate is raised up for the animal to go under upon entering the crush, and then let down behind the animal.
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Crushes vary in sophistication, according to requirements and cost. The simplest are just a part of a cattle race (alley) with a suitable head bail. More complex ones incorporate features such as automatic catching systems, hatches (to gain access to various parts of the animal),
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and adult bulls, and have platforms and rail spacing that allows riders and assistants to access the animal from above. These chutes release the animal and the rider through a side gate. A roping chute is large enough to contain a steer of the size used in
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251:) are low-sided or very wide, to avoid damage to the horns. Other specialist crushes include those for tasks such as automatic scanning, foot-trimming or clipping the hair under the belly, and smaller crushes (calf cradles) for calves.
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207:, because the animal is carried on a conveyor restrainer under its belly, with its legs dangling in a slot on either side. Carried in this manner, the animal is unable to move either forward or backward by its own volition.
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Cattle crushes may be fully fixed or mobile; however, most crushes are best classified as semipermanent, being potentially movable but designed to primarily stay in one place. A cattle crush is typically linked to a
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795:
Magdesian, K. Gary; Fielding, C. Langdon; Rhodes, Diane M.; Ruby, Rebecca E. (November 2006). "Changes in central venous pressure and blood lactate concentration in response to acute blood loss in horses".
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Crushes will, in many cases, have a single or split veterinary gate that swings behind the animal to improve operator safety, while preventing the animal from moving backwards by a horizontal
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Many cattle producers managed herds with nothing more than a race (alley) and a headgate (or a rope) until tagging requirements and disease control necessitated the installation of crushes.
219:(to raise the feet or the whole animal), constricting sides to hold the animal firmly (normal in North American slaughterhouses), a rocking floor to prevent kicking or a weighing mechanism.
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In recent years, crushes are often integrated with weighing systems. The crush provides the ideal opportunity to weigh and measure the animal while it is safely contained within the unit.
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are used during grooming and also with veterinary procedures performed with the animal standing, especially if it requires heavy sedation, or to permit surgery under sedation rather than
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259:. For some surgical procedures, this is reported to be efficient. These units also are used during some procedures that require a horse to stand still, but without sedation.
760:
Kay, Alastair T.; Spirito, Michael A.; Rodgerson, Dwayne H.; Brown, Stuart E. (June 2008). "Surgical technique to repair grade IV rectal tears in post-parturient mares".
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inserted just behind its haunches into one of a series of slots. If this arrangement is absent, a palpation cage can be added to the crush for veterinary use when
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Elce, Yvonne A.; Richardson, Dean W. (2002). "Arthroscopic removal of dorsoproximal chip fractures of the proximal phalanx in standing horses".
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A hoof trimming crush, also called a hoof trimming chute or hoof trimming stalls, is a crush specifically designed for the task of
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and may also have a seat above the chute for an operator. The steer or calf is released through the front of the chute.
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Specialist crushes are made for various purposes. For example, those designed for cattle with very long horns (such as
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In the past the principal use of the crush, in
England also known as a trevis, was for the shoeing of
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278:, the crush is called a roping chute. The rough-riding chutes are notably higher in order to hold
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569:"Bowman MFG Inc. - Cattle and livestock handling equipment - Cattle Chutes and Cattle Equipment"
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Scanning and weighing crush with timber and belting sides to increase the accuracy of
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has a stone belly block to further limit the animal's freedom of movement.
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1016:"Well Trained to the Yoke: Working Oxen on the Village's Historical Farm"
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274:, are known as bucking chutes or rough-riding chutes. For events such as
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Doyle, Philip W., Beef Cattle Yards, NSW Dept. of
Agriculture, 1979
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is in the background, between buildings, of this 1905 blacksmithy.
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394:, Austria; a pair of ox shoes is attached to the near left column
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700:"The "Livestock Controller" crush, designed to prevent kicking"
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There are two different types of specialised crushes used in
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providing access to feed a calf, amongst other things. A
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Roofed ox shoeing crush of three-column construction in
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354:, "three beams", all surviving examples but that at
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arenas. Those for the "rough stock" events, such as
43:
A cattle crush and an anti-bruise race in
Australia.
358:have four columns. In central Italy it is called a
30:"Stock (cage)" redirects here. For other uses, see
1794:List of Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame inductees
1830:Buildings and structures used to confine animals
1811:
111:) is a strongly built stall or cage for holding
342:) or "shoeing trevis", and was associated with
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302:
1764:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
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328:, or "shoeing frame". In France it is called
1774:Professional Bull Riders: Heroes and Legends
438:used to limit movement of the animal's head.
1100:
1298:List of Professional Bull Riders Champions
1217:
1203:
1103:"Draft Horse Shoeing... An Owner's Manual"
1263:Australian Professional Rodeo Association
1759:National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
1188:Circular cattle yard - 250 head capacity
1180:Beef cattle yards for less than 100 head
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521:Illustration in a 1925 book from France.
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1789:List of ProRodeo Hall of Fame inductees
1273:Canadian Professional Rodeo Association
1056:(4). Santa Fe Trail Research Site. 1999
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51:Chin (or neck) bar in operation during
14:
1812:
1754:Cheyenne Frontier Days Old West Museum
1328:Women's Professional Rodeo Association
1303:Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association
390:Ox shoeing sling in the Dorfmuseum of
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27:Strongly built livestock holding stall
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617:"Cattle Yard Features & Options"
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1749:Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame
1101:Bowers, Steve (Winter 2003–2004).
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454:(Salamanca), Spain, the community
203:A crush is a permanent fixture in
25:
1846:
1160:
1050:Wet/Dry Routes Chapter Newsletter
1013:
887:. agriculture.com. Archived from
678:. Popular Books, Frenchs Forest.
1403:Bareback and saddle bronc riding
1313:List of Canadian Rodeo Champions
1165:
1140:. horseshoes.com. Archived from
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774:10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00387.x
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430:(Ávila), Spain, the community
372:sa macchina po ferrai is boisi
13:
1:
1283:Miles City Bucking Horse Sale
942:. Princes Risborough: Shire.
664:Retrieved on 4 September 2008
554:
832:"Steel Hoof Trimming Chutes"
674:Beattie, William A. (1990).
619:. National Stockyard Systems
591:www.filsonlivestockequip.com
573:www.bowmanenterprisesnet.com
231:Indoor rough-riding chutes,
7:
1835:Livestock herding equipment
1076:"A Dutch Horseshoeing Cage"
303:Integrated weighing systems
10:
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1138:The Small Farmer's Journal
1134:"Building a Shoeing Stock"
992:(in Italian and Sardinian)
652:Retrieved on 16 April 2009
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1318:Lists of rodeo performers
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1022:. osv.org. Archived from
990:"Tradizioni - Serramanna"
346:shops. Although the word
237:Tamworth, New South Wales
1769:Bull Riding Hall of Fame
1293:Professional Bull Riders
917:. Warwick Cattle Crushes
810:10.2460/javma.229.9.1458
434:includes a piece of the
297:caring for cattle hooves
977:The shoeing of the oxen
965:"La ferratura dei buoi"
739:10.1053/jvet.2002.32393
491:Saint-Sulpice-de-Cognac
197:artificial insemination
158:). The front end has a
1278:Cheyenne Frontier Days
1020:Old Sturbridge Village
1002:Serramanna: traditions
936:Watts, Martin (1999).
798:J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc
650:CHUTES and ACCESSORIES
412:Castelnuovo Berardenga
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123:safely while they are
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32:Stock (disambiguation)
1779:ProRodeo Hall of Fame
1504:American Bucking Bull
1453:Miniature bull riding
1174:at Wikimedia Commons
587:"Sweeps & Alleys"
539:living history museum
249:Texas Longhorn cattle
230:
176:
138:
50:
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1708:Rattlesnake round-up
597:on 27 September 2018
1438:Dally ribbon roping
1107:Draft Horse Journal
915:www.starkeng.com.au
838:. appletonsteel.com
662:Conveyor Restrainer
493:(Charente), France.
350:derives from Latin
291:Hoof trimming crush
1784:Rodeo Hall of Fame
1693:Miss Rodeo America
1337:Culture and people
1288:Pendleton Round-Up
1144:on 4 February 2010
1082:: 102. July 1912.
963:Tacchini, Alvaro.
885:Agriculture Online
706:on 22 October 2010
547:Baden-Wuerttemberg
366:is referred to as
257:general anesthesia
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223:Specialist crushes
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154:(also known as an
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1676:Affiliated events
1616:Straw man (dummy)
1423:Chuckwagon racing
1170:Media related to
1080:Popular Mechanics
428:Villar de Corneja
16:(Redirected from
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1825:Animal equipment
1733:Wild cow milking
1667:Jineteada gaucha
1642:Australian rodeo
1408:Breakaway roping
1369:Stock contractor
1268:Calgary Stampede
1246:History of rodeo
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859:"Crush options"
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1728:Whipcracking
1723:Trick roping
1718:Trick riding
1575:Western wear
1509:Bucking bull
1488:Trail course
1473:Steer roping
1468:Steer riding
1463:Pole bending
1364:Pickup rider
1244:
1236:
1187:
1179:
1164:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:the original
1137:
1132:Beck, Doug.
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1110:
1106:
1096:
1079:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1053:
1049:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1019:
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994:. Retrieved
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969:. Retrieved
967:(in Italian)
958:
939:Working oxen
938:
931:
919:. Retrieved
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893:. Retrieved
889:the original
884:
875:
863:. Retrieved
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840:. Retrieved
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826:
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768:(4): 345–9.
765:
761:
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726:
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708:. Retrieved
704:the original
694:
675:
669:
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645:
621:. Retrieved
611:
599:. Retrieved
595:the original
590:
581:
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376:draft horses
359:
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276:steer roping
268:bronc riding
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131:Construction
104:
103:, or simply
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93:cattle chute
92:
84:
61:cattle crush
60:
58:
36:
18:Cattle crush
1713:Rodeo queen
1596:Flank strap
1555:Cowboy boot
1524:Stock horse
1483:Team roping
1443:Flag racing
1433:Rodeo clown
1418:Calf roping
1413:Bull riding
1256:Competition
1148:24 December
1030:24 December
921:24 December
895:24 December
549:, Germany).
535:Klauenstand
452:Navamorales
408:Pievasciata
272:bull riding
151:cattle race
119:, or other
69:New Zealand
1814:Categories
1560:Cowboy hat
1448:Goat tying
1393:All-Around
842:29 October
623:31 October
555:References
344:blacksmith
1703:O-Mok-See
1647:Charreada
1584:Equipment
1519:Corriente
1497:Livestock
1088:0032-4558
505:A French
368:Sardinian
362:, but in
360:travaglio
352:tripalium
181:scanning.
168:head gate
164:neck yoke
160:head bail
121:livestock
81:Australia
1683:Hay buck
1545:Bolo tie
1540:Bandanna
1533:Clothing
1190:(2nd ed)
1182:(5th ed)
1060:6 August
818:17078809
782:18564258
762:Vet Surg
747:11994846
727:Vet Surg
710:16 March
601:16 March
392:Mönchhof
364:Sardinia
356:Roissard
336:travails
334:(plural
211:ground.
193:rump bar
125:examined
77:Botswana
53:mouthing
1374:Vaquero
507:travail
487:travail
472:travail
348:travail
340:travaux
311:History
217:winches
179:ear tag
109:Ireland
73:Ireland
1820:Cattle
1591:Bridle
1386:Events
1344:Cowboy
1086:
946:
816:
780:
745:
682:
338:, not
280:horses
117:horses
113:cattle
1657:Coleo
1601:Lasso
1565:Jeans
1550:Chaps
1239:Rodeo
1226:Rodeo
1117:9 May
996:9 May
971:9 May
865:9 May
861:. iae
537:in a
264:rodeo
233:AELEC
156:alley
105:stock
1611:Spur
1150:2017
1119:2011
1084:ISSN
1062:2017
1032:2017
998:2011
973:2011
944:ISBN
923:2017
897:2017
867:2012
844:2018
814:PMID
778:PMID
743:PMID
712:2020
680:ISBN
625:2018
603:2020
436:yoke
320:oxen
270:and
162:(or
99:),
79:and
63:(in
1113:(4)
806:doi
802:229
770:doi
735:doi
541:in
489:in
450:In
426:In
247:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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