968:
885:
157:
132:
379:
2716:
3472:
395:
1466:
Presslee, S.; Slater, G. J.; Pujos, F.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Fischer, R.; Molloy, K.; Mackie, M.; Olsen, J. V.; Kramarz, A.; Taglioretti, M.; Scaglia, F.; Lezcano, M.; Lanata, J. L.; Southon, J.; Feranec, R.; Bloch, J.; Hajduk, A.; Martin, F. M.; Gismondi, R. S.; Reguero, M.; de Muizon, C.; Greenwood,
1213:
were arboreal, their presence suggests that the region may have supported a dense closed forest during the Late
Pleistocene. It is possible that the region alternated between dry open savannah and closed wet forest throughout the climate change of the Late Pleistocene.
469:
in any case, is a member of the
Scelidotheriidae, a group of terrestrial sloths known from the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene and characterized by an elongated snout; scelidotheres themselves part are usually placed as a subfamily of the
1724:
Dantas, Mário André Trindade; Cherkinsky, Alexander; Lessa, Carlos Micael Bonfim; Santos, Luciano
Vilaboim; Cozzuol, Mario Alberto; Omena, Érica Cavalcante; Silva, Jorge Luiz Lopes; Sial, Alcides Nóbrega; Bocherens, Hervé (2020-07-14).
1026:
Toxodontids were large mixed feeders as well and lived in forested areas, while the equids were nearly entirely grazers. Other xenarthran fossils are present in the area as well from several different families, like the giant
335:, was of conspicuous size and mighty build. It had to reach and exceed 4 meters in length, and the skull alone was at least 50 centimeters long. Its weight has been estimated at over 1500 kg. The snout of
1917:
A. M. Ghilardi, M. A. Fernandes, and M. E. Bichuette. 2011. Megafauna from the Late
Pleistocene-Holocene deposits of the Upper Ribeira karst area, southeast Brazil. Quaternary International 245(2):369-378
1185:, indicating that crabs were also present in the region. The environment of the BIR is unclear, as there were both several species that were grazers, but the precede of the arboreal fossil monkeys
1920:
R. P. Lopes and J. C. Pereira. 2010. Fossils of
Scelidotheriinae Ameghino, 1904 (Xenarthra, Pilosa) in the Pleistocene deposits of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Gaea: Journal of Geoscience 6(1):44-52
1584:
Nieto, Gastón L.; Haro, J. Augusto; McDonald, H. Gregory; Miño-Boilini, Ángel R.; Tauber, Adan A.; Krapovickas, Jerónimo M.; Fabianelli, Maximiliano N.; Rosas, Federico M. (2021-06-01).
1803:"Late Pleistocene meso-megaherbivores from Brazilian Intertropical Region: isotopic diet (δ13C), niche differentiation, guilds and paleoenvironmental reconstruction (δ13C, δ18O)"
1586:"The Skeleton of the Manus of Scelidotherium (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) Specimens from the Pleistocene of the Province of Córdoba, Argentina, and its Systematic Implications"
509:, and dates to the Late Pleistocene and likely the Early Holocene. Other species attributed to this genus but are sometimes considered to belong to a separate genus,
948:
422:
the genus name, was made by
Ameghino in 1891. It was assigned to Scelidotheriinae by Gaudin in 1995. Scelidotheriinae was elevated back to family status by Presslee
1860:
Cartelle, Castor; Hartwig, W. C. (1996). "A new extinct primate among the
Pleistocene megafauna of Bahia, Brazil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
1148:
which was also present and was a mixed grazer on the open grasslands. Carnivores included some of the largest known mammalian land carnivores, like the giant felid
3076:
1636:"Cranial Anatomy and Paleoneurology of the Extinct Sloth Catonyx tarijensis (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) From the Late Pleistocene of Oruro, Southwestern Bolivia"
3395:
3062:
2436:
1531:"Catonyx cuvieri (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae, Scelidotheriinae) from the late Pleistocene of Uruguay, with comments regarding the systematics of the subfamily"
2926:
986:
was a browser in arboreal savannahs and forested grasslands. Large, mesoherbivorous mammals in the BIR were widespread and diverse, including the cow-like
3430:
3402:
2961:
2489:
2326:
1634:
Boscaini, Alberto; Iurino, Dawid A.; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino; Andrade Flores, Rubén; Sardella, Raffaele; Pujos, François; Gaudin, Timothy J. (2020).
1914:
M. A. T. Dantas, M. H. Zucon, and A. M. Ribeiro. 2005. Megafauna
Pleistocênica da fazenda elefante, Gararu, Sergipe, Brasil. Geociências 24(3):277-287
3409:
3332:
3312:
2614:
2408:
2333:
892:
showing its inferred feeding behavior. The reconstruction is based on the skull MNHN-Bol V 13364 from the
Pleistocene of Oruro (Bolivian Altiplano).
3055:
2841:
2810:
2649:
2347:
558:
3562:
3367:
3346:
3113:
3006:
2818:
1873:
Eisenberg, John F.; Redford, Kent H. (1989). Mammals of the
Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil. University of Chicago Press. p. 247.
956:
3374:
2940:
2587:
1801:
Omena, Érica Cavalcante; Silva, Jorge Luiz Lopes da; Sial, Alcides Nóbrega; Cherkinsky, Alexander; Dantas, Mário André Trindade (2021-10-03).
3636:
3165:
3137:
2947:
2912:
2856:
2794:
2628:
2539:
3641:
2525:
2496:
3444:
3242:
2968:
2871:
2532:
3751:
3621:
2905:
2198:
3388:
3291:
1911:(Lund, 1839) (Tardigrada, Scelidotheriinae) in Late Pleistocene–Holocene of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 10(2):129-132
1890:
Halenar, Lauren B. (December 2011). "Reconstructing the Locomotor Repertoire of Protopithecus brasiliensis". The Anatomical Record.
3536:
1945:
1277:
3746:
355:) snout tip, a pronounced rostrum bulge, a palate equipped with a median groove, and larger teeth. In addition, the mandibular
437:
in 1839, but for a long time there was considerable systematic confusion: the remains were gradually attributed to the genera
1878:
1689:(Lund, 1839) (Tardigrada, Scelidotheriinae) in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, with notes on taphonomy and paleoecology".
1345:
1324:
Fiedal, Stuart (2009). "Sudden Deaths: The Chronology of Terminal Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction". In Haynes, Gary (ed.).
1308:
1363:"Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences"
904:
which used its strong lips to grab vegetation, and Santos Pereira et al. (2013) tentatively suggested browsing habits for
1727:"Isotopic paleoecology (δ13C, δ18O) of a late Pleistocene vertebrate community from the Brazilian Intertropical Region"
3631:
1329:
449:. Only recently have revisions based on clear morphological anatomy been proposed, according to which the genera
1248:
3721:
1420:
Gaudin, T. J. (1995). "The ear region of edentates and the phylogeny of the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra)".
1766:
940:
3706:
3646:
3626:
3711:
1938:
3716:
3696:
3676:
3616:
3736:
3701:
3686:
1472:
3741:
3726:
1783:
Keeley, J. E., & Rundel, P. W. (2003). Evolution of CAM and C4 carbon-concentrating mechanisms.
156:
3731:
3691:
3681:
1931:
1300:
1174:
3671:
3666:
3593:
3491:
3567:
3588:
3580:
1294:
414:
and his crew members collected the fragmentary fossils of a fossil sloth that Wilhelm named
403:
3523:
1814:
1698:
1542:
1487:
1429:
1374:
901:
8:
1178:
241:
144:
1818:
1702:
1546:
1491:
1433:
1378:
3656:
2715:
2443:
1838:
1613:
1566:
1511:
1445:
1402:
1260:
1252:
1106:
was an intermediate of the two that lived in arboreal savannahs. Other glyptodonts and
498:
434:
411:
151:
3651:
3575:
2954:
1874:
1842:
1830:
1748:
1667:
1617:
1605:
1558:
1515:
1503:
1341:
1304:
3471:
1570:
1406:
1264:
3235:
2764:
2415:
2267:
1822:
1738:
1706:
1657:
1647:
1597:
1550:
1495:
1441:
1437:
1392:
1382:
1333:
1244:
1193:
1170:
1041:
1009:
971:
543:
529:
475:
316:
epochs. It lived from 2.5 Ma to about 10,000 years ago, existing for approximately
305:
302:
221:
1826:
3661:
3416:
3156:
3124:
2878:
2580:
2150:
2083:
1710:
1554:
1182:
1086:
1002:
492:
349:
possessed shorter premaxillae that formed a triangular (and not rectangular like
1802:
1337:
429:
The very first fossils of this animal were found in Upper Pleistocene strata of
3514:
3423:
3360:
3339:
3221:
3048:
3041:
2979:
2864:
2832:
2746:
2733:
2683:
2559:
2474:
2450:
2394:
2387:
2340:
2305:
2253:
2092:
2072:
2062:
1601:
1468:
1166:
1123:
1071:
967:
606:
582:
439:
351:
341:
1499:
1387:
1367:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1362:
884:
3610:
3323:
3257:
3228:
3200:
3179:
3172:
2896:
2621:
2594:
2312:
2276:
2235:
1834:
1752:
1671:
1609:
1585:
1562:
1187:
1143:
1112:
1090:
1054:
1028:
997:
692:
654:
630:
360:
309:
82:
38:
1652:
1635:
1361:
Toledo, N.; Bargo, M. S.; Vizcaíno, S. F.; De Iuliis, G.; Pujos, F. (2017).
532:, based on the work of Nieto and colleagues (2020), showing the position of
131:
3353:
3305:
3298:
3270:
3207:
3144:
2784:
2550:
2503:
2481:
2461:
2373:
2290:
2168:
2053:
2042:
1507:
1177:. Two crab-eating types of extant mammals are also known from the BIR, the
1156:
1127:
1066:
1050:
1035:
1031:
987:
482:
471:
318:
298:
1743:
1726:
1685:
dos Santos Pereira, I. C.; et al. (2013). "Record of the giant sloth
3549:
3437:
3381:
3282:
3186:
3069:
3034:
2999:
2933:
2885:
2656:
2642:
2605:
2566:
2517:
2510:
2422:
2401:
2297:
2112:
2102:
2032:
1633:
1138:
1081:
1060:
378:
313:
57:
3541:
3193:
3103:
3020:
2992:
2919:
2802:
2319:
2191:
2177:
1662:
1449:
1397:
1256:
1197:
in the area causes confusion over the area's paleoenvironment. Most of
1118:
1075:
1021:
1005:
445:
359:
was elongated and elevated, and the posterior lobe of the lower fourth
102:
67:
3554:
3214:
3013:
2429:
2184:
1985:
1133:
1107:
1015:
952:
356:
168:
107:
51:
3485:
1530:
3508:
3027:
2848:
2774:
2573:
2354:
2219:
2119:
2016:
1973:
1150:
1045:
910:
709:
188:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
42:
34:
30:
394:
2635:
2212:
2205:
1923:
1202:
1162:
991:
944:
506:
250:
112:
87:
3528:
2000:
1979:
1967:
1954:
1198:
936:
916:
430:
407:
332:
208:
198:
178:
2139:
1583:
1326:
American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene
522:
458:
372:
294:
1529:
Corona, Andrea; Perea, Daniel; McDonald, H. Gregory (2013).
1465:
1360:
1235:(Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Pleistocene of Uruguay".
474:, although they are sometimes considered a separate family,
339:
was elongated, although not as in some similar forms (e.g.,
1723:
1249:
10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0677:TLSCTX]2.0.CO;2
1231:
McDonald, H. G.; Perea, D. (2002). "The large scelidothere
982:
In the Brazilian Intertropical Region in eastern Brazil,
1800:
1102:
was a specialist for trees in low density forests, and
1161:
Several extant taxa are also known from the BIR, like
1907:
M. A. T. Dantas and M. H. Zucon. 2007. Occurrence of
3100:
2829:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2370:
2264:
2165:
2108:
2098:
2068:
2038:
2028:
1528:
323:. The most recent date obtained is about 9600 B.P.
1684:
1201:was thought to have been covered in open tropical
1328:. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology.
3608:
1473:"Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships"
1205:vegetation during the Late Pleistocene, but if
1678:
1461:
1459:
2744:
2682:
1939:
1230:
2164:
525:, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Ecuador.
1456:
2015:
1946:
1932:
130:
1742:
1661:
1651:
1396:
1386:
331:This animal, like many other terrestrial
1691:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
1141:species has also been found in the BIR,
966:
883:
393:
377:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1785:International journal of plant sciences
1471:; Collins, M.; MacPhee, R.D.E. (2019).
1137:were present in the open grasslands. A
371:possessed strong-boned limbs and large
3609:
1419:
1323:
1292:
926:
3490:
3489:
2731:
1998:
1927:
1629:
1627:
1317:
1286:
978:(upper left) and contemporary animals
3637:Pleistocene mammals of South America
1849:
1794:
1777:
1070:. Smaller ground sloths such as the
888:Hypothetical life reconstruction of
528:Below is a phylogenetic tree of the
3642:Quaternary mammals of South America
1731:Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia
896:The cranial anatomy of the species
13:
2732:
1953:
1901:
1640:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
1624:
1535:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1422:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1237:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1094:have also been found in the area.
14:
3763:
3752:Taxa named by Florentino Ameghino
3622:Pliocene mammals of South America
465:may or may not be a valid genus.
3470:
2714:
923:was one of its main prey items.
879:
155:
55:
1884:
1867:
1759:
1717:
962:
1590:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1577:
1522:
1480:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1442:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011255
1413:
1354:
1303:. pp. 20–33, 42–50, 352.
1271:
1224:
326:
16:Extinct genus of ground sloths
1:
3747:Fossil taxa described in 1891
1827:10.1080/08912963.2020.1789977
1217:
1110:like the grazing glyptodonts
900:indicates it may have been a
505:has been found in Brazil and
367:Like all terrestrial sloths,
363:was more curved than that of
1711:10.1016/j.jsames.2012.11.004
1555:10.1080/02724634.2013.764311
559:Sibyllotherium guenguelianum
7:
1338:10.1007/978-1-4020-8793-6_2
389:
10:
3768:
1999:
1602:10.1007/s10914-020-09520-x
583:Neonematherium flabellatum
279:Gervais and Ameghino, 1880
3498:
3468:
3322:
3281:
3265:
3256:
3155:
3132:
3123:
3098:
2987:
2978:
2895:
2828:
2759:
2755:
2740:
2727:
2712:
2678:
2604:
2549:
2469:
2460:
2382:
2368:
2263:
2248:
2244:
2233:
2160:
2137:
2082:
2052:
2024:
2011:
2007:
1994:
1962:
1500:10.1038/s41559-019-0909-z
1388:10.1017/S1755691016000177
789:
772:
755:
748:
741:
706:
689:
682:
675:
668:
651:
644:
631:Proscelidodon gracillimus
627:
620:
603:
596:
579:
572:
555:
548:
256:
249:
152:Scientific classification
150:
138:
129:
23:
1175:striped hog-nosed skunks
1098:was a generalist, while
312:during the Pliocene and
3632:Pleistocene xenarthrans
1653:10.3389/fevo.2020.00069
1301:Oxford University Press
1278:PaleoBiology Database:
1144:Notiomastodon platensis
949:Tezanos Pinto Formation
935:have been uncovered in
908:. Isotopic analysis of
979:
893:
433:and were described by
399:
386:
345:). Unlike the latter,
3722:Pleistocene Argentina
3589:Paleobiology Database
1744:10.4072/rbp.2020.2.05
970:
887:
655:Proscelidodon patrius
397:
381:
3707:Fossils of Argentina
3647:Holocene extinctions
3627:Pliocene xenarthrans
1296:Holocene extinctions
1293:Turvey, Sam (2009).
1016:Hippidion principale
3712:Pleistocene Bolivia
3396:Perezfontanatherium
2437:Paroctodontotherium
1819:2021HBio...33.2299O
1703:2013JSAES..43...42P
1547:2013JVPal..33.1214C
1492:2019NatEE...3.1121P
1434:1995JVPal..15..672G
1379:2015EESTR.106..289T
1179:crab-eating raccoon
1157:Arctotherium wingei
1122:and the omnivorous
1013:and equids such as
927:Fossil distribution
693:Proscelidodon rothi
497:, named in 1839 by
145:Museo delle Scienze
3717:Fossils of Bolivia
3697:Fossils of Uruguay
3677:Pleistocene Brazil
3617:Prehistoric sloths
2927:Megalonychotherium
2444:Pseudoprepotherium
1807:Historical Biology
1687:Valgipes bucklandi
1467:A.; Chait, B. T.;
1332:. pp. 21–37.
1233:Catonyx tarijensis
1171:collared peccaries
1151:Smilodon populator
980:
941:San José Formation
894:
776:Catonyx tarijensis
710:Valgipes bucklandi
499:Peter Wilhelm Lund
412:Peter Wilhelm Lund
400:
387:
3737:Pleistocene Chile
3702:Neogene Argentina
3687:Fossils of Brazil
3604:
3603:
3576:Open Tree of Life
3492:Taxon identifiers
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3431:Pyramiodontherium
3403:Plesiomegatherium
3252:
3251:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
2955:Proschismotherium
2723:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2364:
2363:
2229:
2228:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
1879:978-0-226-19542-1
1813:(10): 2299–2304.
1347:978-1-4020-8792-9
1310:978-0-19-953509-5
992:Toxodon platensis
876:
875:
867:
866:
858:
857:
849:
848:
840:
839:
831:
830:
822:
821:
813:
812:
804:
803:
793:Catonyx chiliense
730:
729:
721:
720:
416:Megalonyx cuvieri
286:
285:
245:
3759:
3742:Fossils of Chile
3727:Pleistocene Peru
3597:
3596:
3584:
3583:
3571:
3570:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3487:
3486:
3474:
3263:
3262:
3236:Pronothrotherium
3130:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3102:
2985:
2984:
2962:Pseudortotherium
2893:
2892:
2831:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2741:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2680:
2679:
2490:Glossotheriopsis
2467:
2466:
2416:Octodontotherium
2380:
2379:
2372:
2327:Scelidotheridium
2268:Scelidotheriidae
2266:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2110:
2100:
2070:
2040:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
1996:
1995:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1895:
1894:(12): 2048–2063.
1888:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1864:(13): 6405–6409.
1858:
1847:
1846:
1798:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1541:(5): 1214–1225.
1526:
1520:
1519:
1486:(7): 1121–1130.
1477:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1228:
1010:Xenorhinotherium
972:Life restoration
751:
750:
744:
743:
685:
684:
678:
677:
671:
670:
647:
646:
623:
622:
599:
598:
575:
574:
551:
550:
544:Scelidotheriinae
540:
539:
530:Scelidotheriinae
476:Scelidotheriidae
322:
306:Scelidotheriidae
280:
272:
264:
240:
233:
222:Scelidotheriidae
220:
160:
159:
134:
124:
54:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3732:Fossils of Peru
3692:Neogene Uruguay
3682:Holocene Brazil
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3587:
3579:
3574:
3566:
3561:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3494:
3484:
3475:
3450:
3417:Proeremotherium
3410:Pliomegatherium
3333:Anisodontherium
3318:
3313:Proprepotherium
3277:
3248:
3157:Nothrotheriinae
3151:
3125:Nothrotheriidae
3119:
3106:
3082:
2974:
2891:
2879:Proplatyarthrus
2824:
2749:
2736:
2719:
2698:
2662:
2615:Glossotheridium
2600:
2581:Magdalenabradys
2545:
2456:
2409:Octodontobradys
2376:
2360:
2334:Scelidotheriops
2259:
2238:
2225:
2156:
2151:Pseudoglyptodon
2142:
2125:
2084:Myrmecophagidae
2078:
2048:
2003:
1990:
1958:
1952:
1909:Catonyx cuvieri
1904:
1902:Further reading
1899:
1898:
1889:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1799:
1795:
1782:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1722:
1718:
1683:
1679:
1632:
1625:
1582:
1578:
1527:
1523:
1475:
1464:
1457:
1418:
1414:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1291:
1287:
1276:
1272:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1183:crab-eating fox
1167:giant anteaters
965:
929:
919:indicates that
882:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
814:
805:
759:Catonyx cuvieri
731:
722:
493:Catonyx cuvieri
392:
384:Catonyx cuvieri
365:Scelidotherium.
329:
317:
278:
270:
262:
239:
231:
218:
154:
125:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
50:2.5–0.010
49:
48:
46:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3765:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3585:
3572:
3559:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3424:Promegatherium
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3361:Megathericulus
3357:
3350:
3343:
3340:Diabolotherium
3336:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3222:Nothrotheriops
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3118:
3117:
3109:
3107:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3056:Protomegalonyx
3052:
3049:Pliometanastes
3045:
3042:Pattersonocnus
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2982:
2980:Megalonychinae
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2865:Mesopotamocnus
2861:
2853:
2845:
2842:Deseadognathus
2837:
2835:
2833:Megalonychidae
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2814:
2811:Schismotherium
2806:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2760:
2750:
2747:Megatherioidea
2745:
2738:
2737:
2734:Megatherioidea
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2684:Megatherioidea
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2650:Pleurolestodon
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2560:Bolivartherium
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2475:Archaeomylodon
2470:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2451:Urumacotherium
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2395:Eionaletherium
2391:
2388:Baraguatherium
2383:
2377:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2348:Sibyllotherium
2344:
2341:Scelidotherium
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2306:Neonematherium
2302:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2073:Palaeomyrmidon
2066:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2025:
2019:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1883:
1866:
1848:
1793:
1791:(S3), S55-S77.
1776:
1767:"Fossilworks:
1758:
1737:(2): 138–152.
1716:
1677:
1623:
1596:(2): 221–243.
1576:
1521:
1455:
1428:(3): 672–705.
1412:
1373:(4): 289–301.
1353:
1346:
1316:
1309:
1285:
1270:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1042:scelidotheriid
1022:Equus neogaeus
964:
961:
928:
925:
881:
878:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
852:
851:
847:
846:
843:
842:
838:
837:
834:
833:
829:
828:
825:
824:
820:
819:
816:
815:
811:
810:
807:
806:
802:
801:
798:
797:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
754:
749:
747:
742:
740:
737:
736:
733:
732:
728:
727:
724:
723:
719:
718:
715:
714:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
669:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
650:
645:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
626:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:Scelidotherium
602:
597:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
578:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
554:
549:
547:
538:
457:are two valid
451:Scelidotherium
440:Scelidotherium
391:
388:
369:Scelidotherium
352:Scelidotherium
342:Scelidotherium
328:
325:
293:is an extinct
284:
283:
282:
281:
273:
271:Lydekker, 1886
265:
254:
253:
247:
246:
229:
225:
224:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
136:
135:
127:
126:
118:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
35:Early Holocene
31:Early Pliocene
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3764:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:Montehermosan
3670:
3668:
3667:Chapadmalalan
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3473:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:Megatheridium
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:Eomegatherium
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3324:Megatheriinae
3321:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Megatheriidae
3255:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:Nothrotherium
3226:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3201:Mcdonaldocnus
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:Chasicobradys
3177:
3175:
3174:
3173:Aymaratherium
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3114:Analcimorphus
3111:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3097:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3007:Megalonychops
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2897:Ortotheriinae
2894:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2819:Similhapalops
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2717:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2622:Glossotherium
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2595:Thinobadistes
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2367:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2313:Proscelidodon
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:Analcitherium
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:Mylodontoidea
2232:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:Protopithecus
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:Protopithecus
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:and the bear
1153:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:Glyptotherium
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:Nothrotherium
1097:
1093:
1092:
1091:Nothrotherium
1088:
1087:nothrotheriid
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:megalonychids
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1055:Glossotherium
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1003:macraucheniid
1000:
999:
998:Piauhytherium
994:
993:
989:
985:
977:
973:
969:
960:
958:
957:Tarija Valley
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
924:
922:
918:
915:remains from
914:
912:
907:
903:
899:
898:C. tarijensis
891:
890:C. tarijensis
886:
880:Palaeobiology
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
845:
844:
836:
835:
827:
826:
818:
817:
809:
808:
800:
799:
796:
795:
794:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
777:
770:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
760:
753:
752:
746:
745:
739:
738:
735:
734:
726:
725:
717:
716:
713:
712:
711:
704:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
694:
687:
686:
680:
679:
673:
672:
666:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
656:
649:
648:
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
632:
625:
624:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
608:
601:
600:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
584:
577:
576:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
560:
553:
552:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:C. chiliense,
516:
515:C. tarijensis
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:
494:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
442:
441:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:At a cave in
396:
385:
380:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
324:
321:million years
320:
315:
311:
310:South America
308:, endemic to
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:
277:
276:C. tarijensis
274:
269:
268:C. chiliensis
266:
261:
258:
257:
255:
252:
248:
243:
238:
237:
230:
227:
226:
223:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
146:
143:skull at the
142:
139:Replica of a
137:
133:
128:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
44:
40:
39:Montehermosan
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3499:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3375:Megatheriops
3373:
3366:
3359:
3354:Eremotherium
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3311:
3306:Prepoplanops
3304:
3299:Prepotherium
3297:
3290:
3271:Thalassocnus
3269:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3208:Mionothropus
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3145:Thalassocnus
3143:
3136:
3112:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2941:Paranabradys
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2840:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:Hiskatherium
2783:
2773:
2763:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2593:
2588:Sphenotherus
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:Lestodontini
2538:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2509:
2504:Mylodonopsis
2502:
2495:
2488:
2482:Brievabradys
2480:
2473:
2462:Mylodontinae
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2374:Mylodontidae
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2291:Chubutherium
2289:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2252:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:Megalocnidae
2149:
2118:
2111:
2101:
2093:Myrmecophaga
2091:
2071:
2061:
2054:Cyclopedidae
2043:Orthoarthrus
2041:
2031:
1984:Superorder:
1908:
1891:
1886:
1869:
1861:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1768:
1761:
1734:
1730:
1719:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1643:
1639:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1483:
1479:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1325:
1319:
1295:
1288:
1282:, basic info
1279:
1273:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1210:
1206:
1192:
1186:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1139:proboscidean
1132:
1128:Pampatherium
1126:
1117:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1096:Eremotherium
1095:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1067:Mylodonopsis
1065:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1036:Eremotherium
1034:
1032:ground sloth
1020:
1014:
1008:
996:
990:
983:
981:
975:
963:Paleoecology
959:of Bolivia.
932:
930:
920:
909:
905:
897:
895:
889:
792:
791:
790:
775:
774:
773:
758:
757:
756:
708:
707:
691:
690:
653:
652:
629:
628:
605:
604:
581:
580:
557:
556:
533:
527:
518:
514:
510:
502:
491:
490:
486:
483:type species
480:
472:Mylodontidae
466:
462:
454:
450:
444:
438:
428:
423:
419:
415:
401:
383:
368:
364:
350:
346:
340:
336:
330:
299:ground sloth
289:
288:
287:
275:
267:
259:
235:
234:
140:
24:
18:
3550:iNaturalist
3438:Sibotherium
3382:Megatherium
3283:Planopsinae
3187:Huilabradys
3166:Amphibradys
3138:Neohapalops
3077:Zacatzontli
3070:Xibalbaonyx
3035:Nohochichak
3000:Australonyx
2948:Pliomorphus
2934:Ortotherium
2913:Eucholoeops
2886:Urumacocnus
2857:Hyperleptus
2795:Hyperleptus
2657:Simomylodon
2643:Paramylodon
2629:Kiyumylodon
2606:Mylodontini
2567:Lestobradys
2540:Strabosodon
2518:Oreomylodon
2511:Ocnotherium
2423:Octomylodon
2402:Nematherium
2298:Nematherium
2113:Protamandua
2103:Neotamandua
2033:Argyromanis
2017:Vermilingua
1663:2434/959871
1469:Penkman, K.
1398:11336/56403
1124:pampatheres
1082:Australonyx
1061:Ocnotherium
1051:mylodontids
1040:the fellow
1029:megatheriid
988:toxodontids
931:Fossils of
404:Lagoa Santa
398:Hand bones.
327:Description
314:Pleistocene
3611:Categories
3194:Lakukullus
3104:Megatheria
3063:Sinclairia
3021:Megistonyx
2993:Ahytherium
2920:Hapaloides
2803:Pelecyodon
2693:see below↓
2526:Promylodon
2497:Megabradys
2320:Scelidodon
2192:Megalocnus
2178:Acratocnus
1243:(3): 677.
1218:References
1119:Panochthus
1108:cingulates
1076:Ahytherium
976:C. cuvieri
955:, and the
906:C. cuvieri
511:Scelidodon
503:C. cuvieri
463:Scelidodon
446:Scelidodon
263:Lund, 1839
260:C. cuvieri
3657:Ensenadan
3445:Urumaquia
3243:Xyophorus
3215:Nothropus
3014:Megalonyx
2969:Torcellia
2872:Paulocnus
2533:Ranculcus
2430:Orophodon
2254:Choloepus
2185:Imagocnus
1986:Xenarthra
1966:Kingdom:
1843:225543776
1835:0891-2963
1753:2236-1715
1697:: 42–45.
1672:2296-701X
1618:226319627
1610:1573-7055
1563:0272-4634
1516:174813630
1134:Holmesina
1006:litoptern
953:Argentina
913:populator
521:found in
426:in 2019.
418:in 1838.
382:Skull of
357:symphysis
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
3652:Lujanian
3515:Q2942980
3509:Wikidata
3028:Meizonyx
2906:Diodomus
2849:Hapalops
2775:Hapalops
2765:Bradypus
2574:Lestodon
2355:Valgipes
2220:Parocnus
2199:Mesocnus
2140:Folivora
2120:Tamandua
2063:Cyclopes
1980:Mammalia
1974:Chordata
1972:Phylum:
1968:Animalia
1571:84078331
1508:31171860
1407:90400372
1330:Springer
1265:86021240
1181:and the
1163:guanacos
1104:Valgipes
1085:and the
1046:Valgipes
911:Smilodon
467:Catonyx,
461:, while
420:Catonyx,
390:Taxonomy
242:Ameghino
215:Family:
199:Mammalia
189:Chordata
185:Phylum:
179:Animalia
165:Domain:
43:Lujanian
3581:3617768
3568:1398283
3542:4834509
3529:4471405
3500:Catonyx
3389:Ocnopus
3292:Planops
2636:Mylodon
2284:Catonyx
2213:Neocnus
2206:Miocnus
1978:Class:
1955:Pilosan
1815:Bibcode
1769:Catonyx
1699:Bibcode
1543:Bibcode
1488:Bibcode
1450:4523658
1430:Bibcode
1375:Bibcode
1280:Catonyx
1257:4524258
1211:Caipora
1203:cerrado
1194:Caipora
984:Catonyx
945:Uruguay
933:Catonyx
921:Catonyx
902:browser
546:
534:Catonyx
507:Uruguay
487:Catonyx
455:Catonyx
347:Catonyx
337:Catonyx
301:of the
290:Catonyx
251:Species
236:Catonyx
228:Genus:
205:Order:
195:Class:
141:Catonyx
119:↓
25:Catonyx
3662:Uquian
3555:632028
2001:Pilosa
1957:genera
1877:
1841:
1833:
1751:
1670:
1616:
1608:
1569:
1561:
1514:
1506:
1448:
1405:
1344:
1307:
1263:
1255:
1199:Brazil
1173:, and
1064:, and
1049:, the
1001:, the
947:, the
939:, the
937:Brazil
917:Brazil
513:, are
431:Brazil
424:et al.
408:Brazil
333:sloths
303:family
244:, 1891
209:Pilosa
3594:83048
3563:IRMNG
1839:S2CID
1614:S2CID
1567:S2CID
1512:S2CID
1476:(PDF)
1446:JSTOR
1403:S2CID
1261:S2CID
1253:JSTOR
523:Chile
373:claws
361:molar
295:genus
3537:GBIF
1875:ISBN
1831:ISSN
1749:ISSN
1668:ISSN
1606:ISSN
1559:ISSN
1504:PMID
1342:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1209:and
1191:and
1131:and
1116:and
1079:and
1019:and
995:and
517:and
481:The
459:taxa
453:and
443:and
435:Lund
319:2.49
58:PreꞒ
3524:EoL
1892:294
1823:doi
1789:164
1739:doi
1707:doi
1658:hdl
1648:doi
1598:doi
1551:doi
1496:doi
1438:doi
1393:hdl
1383:doi
1371:106
1334:doi
1245:doi
974:of
951:of
943:of
489:is
485:of
375:.
297:of
3613::
3591::
3578::
3565::
3552::
3539::
3526::
3511::
1862:93
1851:^
1837:.
1829:.
1821:.
1811:33
1809:.
1805:.
1787:,
1747:.
1735:23
1733:.
1729:.
1705:.
1695:43
1693:.
1666:.
1656:.
1646:.
1642:.
1638:.
1626:^
1612:.
1604:.
1594:28
1592:.
1588:.
1565:.
1557:.
1549:.
1539:33
1537:.
1533:.
1510:.
1502:.
1494:.
1482:.
1478:.
1458:^
1444:.
1436:.
1426:15
1424:.
1401:.
1391:.
1381:.
1369:.
1365:.
1340:.
1299:.
1259:.
1251:.
1241:22
1239:.
1169:,
1165:,
1058:,
536:.
501:.
478:.
410:,
406:,
108:Pg
52:Ma
3274:?
3148:?
3101:†
2860:?
2852:?
2830:†
2816:†
2808:†
2800:†
2791:†
2781:†
2771:†
2521:?
2485:?
2371:†
2301:?
2265:†
2166:†
2148:†
2109:†
2099:†
2069:†
2039:†
2029:†
1947:e
1940:t
1933:v
1881:.
1845:.
1825::
1817::
1773:.
1771:"
1755:.
1741::
1713:.
1709::
1701::
1674:.
1660::
1650::
1644:8
1620:.
1600::
1573:.
1553::
1545::
1518:.
1498::
1490::
1484:3
1452:.
1440::
1432::
1409:.
1395::
1385::
1377::
1350:.
1336::
1313:.
1267:.
1247::
1159:.
1146:,
1038:,
1024:.
232:†
219:†
113:N
103:K
98:J
93:T
88:P
83:C
78:D
73:S
68:O
63:Ꞓ
47:~
45:)
41:-
37:(
33:-
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