Cassowary - Knowledge

1897: 1491:. This would technically make the cassowary the largest bird with minor predatory behaviour since, if fruit forms 90% of their diet or 5 kg per day in the wild, than the remaining 10% or 500 grams would largely consist of prey material for protein supplementation. In fact, recent studies in 2013 stated that protein consumption from predated vertebrates and invertebrates was underestimated from previous investigations, and that the percentage of animal predation as part of the cassowary's diet might be higher than initially understood. This underestimation is due to a significant breakdown of protein being observed in the scat of captive birds; for example, the only remains of day-old chickens were body parts composed of keratin, such as feathers, leg scaling and claws. Indeed, in times of food shortage, storm disruptions or changing seasons which result in lower fruit yield (i.e. 961: 1306:. Other suggested functions include batting through the underbrush, as a weapon in dominance disputes, or pushing aside leaf litter during foraging. The latter three are disputed by biologist Andrew Mack, whose personal observation suggests that the casque amplifies deep sounds. This is related to a discovery that at least the dwarf cassowary and southern cassowary produce very low-frequency sounds, which may aid in communication in dense rainforests. The "boom" vocalization that cassowaries produce is the lowest-frequency bird call known and is at the lower limit of human hearing. Recent study suggests that casque acts as a thermal radiator, offloading heat at high temperatures and restricting heat loss at low temperatures. 1510:- with a recorded predator-prey hunting behaviour. According to ecologists, Wren McLean, when hunting for fish, cassowaries are known to lower themselves in a freshwater pool and open up their feathers. They allow small fish to come and eat their dead skin cells. Once the fish has been baited, they close their feathers which acts like a net, step out of the water, shake themselves and then consume their prey. Outside of fish, the remains of crustaceans such as crabs are also found in their feces, suggesting that the birds also actively hunt these animals as well on occasion, which is confirmed by locals from North Queensland, where the local cassowary population has used the shoreline as a popular crab hunting ground. 892: 1367: 1958:

waste saw the diet of the cassowary intaking vast quantities of non-fruit items, this include fungus, carrion, meat, cheese, bones, pasta, chilli and tomato. The high concentration of human activity as well as vehicles, mixed with domesticated animals and less forest coverage, had also changed their behaviours. These 'city' cassowaries were shown to exist in a higher state of activity and rested less than individuals inhabiting more intact swathes of rainforest, actively moving between urban gardens and the rainforest. The study give evidence that these birds showed a surprising amount of flexible foraging strategy that has enabled them to persist in rainforest-fragmented landscapes.

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the ground, and the female either steps on the male's back for a moment before crouching beside him in preparation for copulation, or she may attack. This is often the case with the females pursuing the males in ritualistic chasing behaviours that generally terminate in water. The male cassowary dives into water and submerges himself up to his upper neck and head. The female pursues him into the water, where he eventually drives her to the shallows, where she crouches making ritualistic motions of her head. The two may remain in copulation for extended periods of time. In some cases, another male may approach and run off the first male. He will climb onto her to copulate, as well.

1335: 1734: 917: 986: 1792:, risk assessments on the cassowary as a potential invasive pest states that whilst the birds may have trouble establishing a stable population on the island, they would nonetheless, be considered a destructive element to Tasmania's ecological diversity and recommends strict imports on these birds. Reasons are many. The most notable are the birds' size. Cassowaries would automatically become the island's largest and most dominant terrestrial animal that could bully smaller animals in the same ecological niche. Frugivores such as the 815: 1994:. A 2003 historical study of 221 cassowary attacks showed that 150 had been against humans; 75% of these had been from cassowaries that had been fed by people, 71% of the time the bird had chased or charged the victim, and 15% of the time they kicked. Of the attacks, 73% involved the birds expecting or snatching food, 5% involved defending their natural food sources, 15% involved defending themselves, and 7% involved defending their chicks or eggs. Only one human death was reported among those 150 attacks. 848: 1882: 6769: 144: 1750: 1295: 6556: 1145: 8053: 6646: 1667:, which results in a widespread decline in the Australian mainland. Because of such frequent inter-species conflicts, hunting dogs are one of the biggest enemies for cassowaries, and it is not unheard of for hunting dogs to accidentally kill cassowary chicks instead of feral pigs, with the dogs in-turn, being killed by the nearby adult rooster. Outside of threats from invasive species, the birds are also vulnerable to being unintentionally poisoned as well. 126: 1625:- adult birds generally ignore them, with some even believing that the dogs take full advantage of the birds' foraging behaviour, as both species share and use the same feeding trail through the forests. It was believed that these dogs follow adult birds to catch small prey attracted to the dropped fruits on the rainforest floor. Nevertheless, there was a report from a native hunter of an exceptionally rare case of a singing dog attacking the 1580: 6562: 1563:, as well as actively hunt for small birds and their eggs that flew into their enclosure. Cassowaries from the Garner’s Beach Rehabilitation Centre are unusually predatory beyond even non-captive observations, and will eat protein almost exclusively if given the chance, an odd inversion of the usual frugivorous lifestyle. In terms of hunting domesticated farm animals, it is rare, although one was reported eating a 8042: 6763: 635:. Although all ratites can eat meat, cassowaries, by definition, are the most omnivorous and predatory, owing to having the smallest and least herbivorous gastrointestinal tract out of any ratites; akin to true omnivores, as well as the fact that they are one of the only two ratites with a recorded hunting behaviour that is not mere foraging. Therefore, despite being considered an obligate 1758:

and found that motor-vehicle strikes accounted for 55% of the deaths, and dog attacks produced another 18%. Remaining causes of death included hunting (five cases), entanglement in wire (one case), the removal of cassowaries that attacked humans (four cases), and natural causes (18 cases), including tuberculosis (four cases). The cause for 14 cases was indicated as "for unknown reasons".

1455:, 'urbanised' cassowaries have adopted to also feed on picnic blankets, tables and baskets or backyard bird feeders and compost heaps, thereby consuming a wide range of non-natural and non-native foods as well. In fact, cassowaries are known to eat non-edible items, in one case, collection of urban cassowary droppings resulted in many unusual items. Outside of the skeletal remains of a 1648:. When threaten, it is known that cassowary chicks emit different vocalisation calls to indicate the specific threat, such as a hawk for example, before running underneath their father. Adult males aggressively defend their chicks. While adult males usually scare off or kill most predators, a chick will occasionally be separated in the chaos and become a potential target. 1954:

Likewise, as aforementioned, the high concentration of human activity in the urban ecology also equates to a higher concentration of food diversity and food waste, with these 'urbanised' cassowaries foraging for food scraps, bird feeders and outdoor picnic/food venues without fear from humans or domesticated animals due to the birds' size and reputation.

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call for help and his outcries alerted his wife, who entered the enclosure with a 'stun gun' to repel the female cassowary. By the time the victim was pulled to safety, he had sustained numerous injuries and had lost a substantial amount of blood. He was rushed to the hospital. ... The patient did not survive his injuries.

1386:, although their hunting of small prey is more akin to foraging if they could catch them. Their diverse diet allows the cassowary to adapt to the availability of different food sources in their environment in case of ecological disruption. Despite their similar omnivorous foraging behaviour, cassowaries and introduced 1617:(and even then, the birds are rarely hunted due to their reputation, speed, wariness and self-defence, with juveniles being preferred over adults for ceremonial purposes - on average, it is considered very fortunate for a human hunter to kill one in every five years). With regards to their relationship with the 1459:, which was likely preyed by the cassowary, researchers also found remains of a child’s coloured building blocks, various sized marbles and a very small plastic car that came from a cereal packet. In terms of roadkill, discarded fish was reported, but the most common type of roadkill eaten by cassowaries are 1539:

with New Guinea's other apex predators that also fills a similar niche (i.e. small prey population control) such as the crocodile monitor and the New Guinea harpy eagle; with the latter further partitioning by targeting arboreal prey. Medium-sized animals and imported megafauna on the other hand like

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Courtship and pair-bonding rituals begin with the vibratory sounds broadcast by females. Males approach and run with their necks parallel to the ground while making dramatic movements of their heads, which accentuate the frontal neck region. The female approaches drumming slowly. The male crouches on

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Normally ... he would hold a 'shock stick' and had a second person with him. On that day ... he was alone and had entered the pen to retrieve one of the female's eggs. During the attack, the victim had fallen to the ground and the attack continued for an unknown period of time. The owner was able to

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The first documented human death caused by a cassowary was on April 6, 1926. In Australia, 16-year-old Phillip McClean and his brother, age 13, came across a cassowary on their property and decided to try to kill it by striking it with clubs. The bird kicked the younger boy, who fell and ran away as

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In extremely urbanised areas where Cassowaries used to naturally live such as in Queensland, Australia or in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, the local Cassowary population had adapted to its less forested grounds. Increasing urbanisation has increased the likelihood of human-cassowary interaction, a

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The southern cassowary is endangered in Queensland. Kofron and Chapman, when they assessed the decline of this species, found that of the former cassowary habitat, only 20–25% remains. Habitat loss and fragmentation is the primary cause of decline. They then studied 140 cases of cassowary mortality,

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takes its name from the bird. The bird avoids the poisons of these fruits due to the presence of their incredibly short gastrointestinal tract, the shortest of all ratites in relation to their size. The cassowary's incredibly short and simple digestive tract leads to a short gut retention time which

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Due to their omnivorous nature, cassowaries are able to eat all types of human food, including processed ones if they feel like it, although fruit still remains their favourite choosings. A 2013 study from post-mortem investigations found that a combination of fruit scarcity and abundancy in human

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Nevertheless, Cassowary predatory behaviour seem to be seasonal, with females expressing higher desires for meat during egg production (i.e. autumn and winter) and males expressing the same desires during the pre-breeding season and post-incubation (i.e. autumn and spring). This seasonal behaviour

1518:, so they can't properly butcher their prey. As such, they compensate by using their feet as an anchor before grabbing a morsel and tearing it off with their neck muscles. Even so, cassowaries will hunt larger prey if given the opportunity, such as in one incident where an adult rooster killed an 1317:

Cassowaries are solitary birds except during courtship, egg-laying, and sometimes around ample food supplies. Males and females each maintain separate territories that overlap, of a size of approximately 3 square kilometres in one study. While females move among satellite territories of different

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Hence, cassowaries are both the largest fruit-eating bird, the largest omnivorous bird and the largest opportunistically predatory avian. Cassowaries are very wary of humans, but if provoked, they are capable of inflicting serious, even fatal, injuries upon both dogs and people. The cassowary has

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The female does not care for the eggs or the chicks, but rather moves on within her territory to lay eggs in the nests of several other males. Young cassowaries are brown and have buffy stripes. They are often kept as pets in native villages (in New Guinea), where they are permitted to roam like

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Both male and female cassowaries do not tolerate the presence of others of the same sex, but females are more prone to fight than males, which will generally flee when encountering another male. While males and females may also be territorial and confrontational, this decreases during the mating

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by using his sharp beak as a spear to peck it to death, before butchering the remains for his chicks. Cassowaries are also known to fight one another over the opportunity to eat a dead animal, suggesting that resource competition behaviour between the birds are common. Their cravings for a high

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Likewise, reports of cassowaries hunting and killing small mammals and lizards are quite common, with the birds often using their feet to dig and scour the forest floor for a meal - whether it is prey or fruit - before snatching it up with their beaks and swallowing them whole. As far as larger

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It was found that cassowaries in these urban environments changed their diets accordingly, with urbanised cassowaries actually consuming an even greater proportion of fruits from exotic plants (~30%) but still incorporating a significant proportion of fruits from native plants in their diet.

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There is evidence that the cassowary may have been domesticated by humans thousands of years before the chicken. Some New Guinea Highlands societies capture cassowary chicks and raise them as semi-tame poultry, for use in ceremonial gift exchanges and as food. They are the only indigenous

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those eggs for 50–52 days, removing or adding litter to regulate the temperature, then protects the chicks, which stay in the nest for about 9 months. He defends them fiercely against all potential predators, including humans. The young males later go off to find a territory of their own.

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is not well studied, and the northern and dwarf cassowaries even less so. Females are larger and more brightly coloured than the males. Adult southern cassowaries are 1.5 to 1.8 m (4 ft 11 in to 5 ft 11 in) tall, although some females may reach 2 m (6 ft

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cassowary remains in Papua suggest that indigenous people at the time preferred to harvest eggs rather than adults. They seem to have regulated their consumption of these birds, possibly even collecting eggs and rearing young birds as one of the earliest forms of domestication.

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However, since Tasmania lack the same levels of fruit diversity as Queensland and New Guinea, assessments believe that the birds would adapt by also eating invertebrates and small vertebrates. This may lead to some competition with the island's endemic insectivores such as the

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The cassowary has solitary habits and breeds less frequently in zoos than other ratites such as ostrich and emu. Unlike other ratites, it lives exclusively in tropical rainforest, and reproducing this habitat carefully is essential. Unlike the emu, which will live with other

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In captivity, Cassowaries get the majority of their protein source from dog or monkey food. In fact, captive cassowaries consume almost a liter of a protein source (such as dog food) in conjunction with 19 liters of fruit a day, which results in 5% of their overall diet.

1841:, in "mixed Australian fauna" displays, the cassowary does not cohabit well among its own kind. Individual specimens must even be kept in separate enclosures, due to their solitary and aggressive nature. Territoriality is one of their most important characteristics. 1761:

Hand feeding cassowaries poses a significant threat to their survival because it lures them into suburban areas. There, the birds are more susceptible to encounters with vehicles and dogs. Contact with humans encourages cassowaries to take food from picnic tables.

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Australasian animal known to have been partly domesticated by people prior to European arrival and colonization and by definition, the oldest form of domesticated animal and the largest domesticated bird. The Maring people of Kundagai sacrificed cassowaries (

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Reciprocal ecosystem impact and behavioural interactions between cassowaries, Casuarius casuarius, and humans, homo sapiens: exploring the natural-human environment interface and its implications for endangered species recovery in North Queensland,

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eciprocal ecosystem impact and behavioural interactions between cassowaries, Casuarius casuarius, and humans, homo sapiens: exploring the natural-human environment interface and its implications for endangered species recovery in North Queensland,

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As for eating the cassowary, it is supposed to be quite tough. Australian administrative officers stationed in New Guinea were advised that it "should be cooked with a stone in the pot: when the stone is ready to eat, so is the cassowary".

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for thousands of years longer with little to no impact on its population, suggesting that either the cassowaries of New Guinea had long adapted to human-introduced species or that the rich biodiversity of New Guinea allowed for additional

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Webber, Bruce L.; Woodrow, Ian E. (June 2, 2004). "Cassowary frugivory, seed defleshing and fruit fly infestation influence the transition from seed to seedling in the rare Australian rainforest tree, Ryparosa sp. nov. 1 (Achariaceae)".

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potentially dangerous mix. Although cassowary populations have faced challenges in these urban areas in Northeastern Australia and parts of New Guinea, the cassowaries have proven to be surprisingly quite adaptable in contrast to the

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Cassowary strikes to the abdomen are among the rarest of all, but in one case in 1995, a dog was kicked in the belly. The blow left no puncture, but severe bruising occurred. The dog later died from an apparent intestinal rupture.

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with their powerful legs. Cassowaries can run at up to 50 km/h (30 mph) through the dense forest and can jump up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in). They are good swimmers, crossing wide rivers and swimming in the sea.

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would themselves, become lethal poison to the birds which are unaware from this contaminated danger. It is unknown why the cassowary population in Australia is in decline, as the New Guinea population has dealt with introduced

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his older brother struck the bird. The older McClean then tripped and fell to the ground. While he was on the ground, the cassowary kicked him in the neck, opening a 1.25-centimetre (0.49 in) wound that severed his

1721:, and swamp forest. Whether some island populations are natural or the result of human trade in young birds is unclear. They can also be easily spotted in some national parks such as Mellwraith Range National Park, 1766:

also are a significant threat to their survival. They destroy nests and eggs of cassowaries, but their worst effect is as competitors for food, which may be catastrophic for the cassowaries during lean times.

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Unlike the majority of birds, cassowaries lack a tongue. Their beaks are pointed, sharp and robust but not serrated, which allows them to pick up fruit or small animals much easier than the short bills of an

1174: in), and weigh 58.5 kg (130 lb). However, it is not uncommon to see exceptionally large females topping the scales beyond 70 kg (150 lb), with the largest maximum recorded being a 2009:

Another human death due to a cassowary was recorded in Florida on April 12, 2019. The bird's owner, a 75-year-old man who had raised the animal, was apparently clawed to death after he fell to the ground.

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The inner or second of the three toes is fitted with a long, straight, murderous nail which can sever an arm or eviscerate an abdomen with ease. There are many records of natives being killed by this bird.

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bones touch each other. These, along with their wedge-shaped body, are thought to be adaptations to ward off vines, thorns, and saw-edged leaves, allowing them to run quickly through the rainforest.

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due to the lack of large terrestrial predators in either Australia or New Guinea; forcing the birds to necessitate the role in controlling the population of small prey animals including other small

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Where trees are dropping fruit, cassowaries come in and feed, with each bird defending a tree from others for a few days. They move on when the fruit is depleted. Fruit, even items as large as

1591:. They are known to disperse seeds over distances greater than a kilometre, thus playing an important role in the ecosystem. Germination rates for seeds of the rare Australian rainforest tree 1152:

Typically, all cassowaries are shy birds that are found in the deep forest. They are adept at disappearing long before a human knows they are there. The southern cassowary of the far north

1126:, and that the dwarf cassowary is more closely related to the Northern Cassowary than either is to the Southern cassowary. A fossil species was reported from Australia, but for reasons of 1382:

opportunistically when small prey is available. Besides fruits, their diet includes flowers, fungi, snails, insects, frogs, lizards, snakes, birds, fish, rats, mice, small marsupials and

3342: 1629:. The incident ended with the singing dog being disemboweled and ripped open by the bird. But generally speaking, both apex animals mutually keep their distance and avoid one another. 3975: 1785: 4499: 1531:, with the rooster teaching their young how to properly hunt and consume these animals; suggesting that protein forms an important dietary supplement for young cassowaries. 1544:, are avoided by the birds as they are completely incapable nor interested in hunting them. Instead, larger prey animals are controlled by the New Guinea singing dogs, the 1848:) is the most popular species in captivity, and it is fairly common in European and American zoos, where it is known for its unmistakable appearance. As of 2019, only 1523:

protein diet are such, that adult roosters with chicks are known to supply their young with a surprisingly high protein diet such as insects and small birds such as

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in each clutch into a heap of leaf litter prepared by the male. The eggs measure about 9 by 14 cm (3.5 by 5.5 in) – only ostrich and emu eggs are larger.

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to generalist opportunistic predators, as frequent fecal examinations revealed the skeletal remains of entire birds, rodents and fish scales on a constant basis.

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males, they appear to remain within the same territories for most of their lives, mating with the same, or closely related, males over the course of their lives.

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Naish, Darren; Perron, Richard M. (2014). "Structure and function of the cassowary's casque and its implications for cassowary history, biology and evolution".

1913:) in certain rituals. The Kalam people considered themselves related to cassowaries, and did not classify them as birds, but as kin. Consequently, they use the 1896: 1780:

Ironically, despite being a threatened species in Queensland, concerns also mount on cassowaries being itself, a potential invasive species on the island of

1444:. As adult waste often contain half-digested fruit which still has nutritional value, so the birds would devour each other's as well as their own droppings. 6107: 3243: 723: 4546: 4152:

Douglass, Kristina; Gaffney, Dylan; Feo, Teresa J.; Bulathsinhala, Priyangi; Mack, Andrew L.; Spitzer, Megan; Summerhayes, Glenn R. (October 5, 2021).

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The Mission Beach community in far north Queensland holds an annual Cassowary Festival in September, where funds are raised to map the bird's habitat.

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Naish, D.; Perron, R. (2016). "Structure and function of the cassowary's casque and its implications for cassowary history, biology and evolution".

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The evolutionary history of cassowaries, as of all ratites, is not well known. Genetic evidence suggests that their closest living relatives are

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such as snakes and lizards. If so, it would make cassowaries one of New Guinea's three terrestrial apex predators, with the other two being the

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are a popular prey item for the birds due to their commonality, ease of catch and being a good protein source. However, rodents that died from

1613:, as well as being one of the largest terrestrial endemic animals in New Guinea. As such, adult cassowaries have no natural enemies other than 3349: 8212: 4587:

Bulmer, Ralph (March 1967). "Why is the Cassowary Not a Bird? A Problem of Zoological Taxonomy Among the Karam of the New Guinea Highlands".

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allow seeds to remain unharmed during the comparatively soft digestion process and allows them to consume fruits that contain toxins such as

4244:"The southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) remains an important disperser of native plants in fragmented rainforest landscapes" 6619: 6284: 5957: 2356: 1426:. This short gut length also allows the birds to eat a wider variety of protein source, which is unsurprising given their omnivorous diet. 1394:, even though it should have dictated that both species should be in direct competition such as in the case in the cassowary population in 5225: 2254: 7897: 6167: 5971: 3957: 8276: 6612: 5926: 5863: 4154:"Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting" 2861: 1506:

New surveys and observations in 2019 has also shown that cassowaries are one of the few ratites - the other being the equally elusive

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Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

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often been labelled "the world's most dangerous bird", although in terms of recorded statistics, it pales in comparison to the

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Bourke, R. Michael: History of agriculture in Papua New Guinea in Food and Agriculture in Papua New Guinea, ANU Press, 2009

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The average lifespan of wild cassowaries is approximately 18–20 years, with those held in captivity living up to 40 years.

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Hence, by technicality, all three species of cassowaries are considered as Asia's largest bird since the extinction of the

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destroyed a large area of cassowary habitat, endangering 200 of the birds – about 10% of the total Australian population.

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having variations in between. Contrary to earlier findings, the hollow inside of the casque is spanned with fine fibres.

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Systema Naturae sistens regna tria naturæ, in classes et ordines, genera et species redacta tabulisque aeneis illustrata

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Campbell, Mariana A.; Lawton, Tom; Udyawer, Vinay; Bell-Anderson, Kim S.; Westcott, David; Campbell, Hamish A. (2023).

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The cassowary breeding season starts in May to June. Females lay three to eight large, bright green or pale green-blue

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Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés

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on their heads that grows with age. The casque's shape and size, up to 18 cm (7 in), is species-dependent.

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Cassowaries feed on the fruit of several hundred rainforest species and usually pass viable seeds in large, dense

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of rain forests because they eat fallen fruit whole and distribute seeds across the jungle floor via excrement.

891: 6682: 4689: 2553: 4861: 1970:, American and Australian troops stationed in New Guinea were warned to steer clear of them. In his 1958 book 3165:

Eastick, Danielle L., et al. "Cassowary casques act as thermal windows." Scientific reports 9.1 (2019): 1966.

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Malay Words and Malay Things: Lexical Souvenirs from an Exotic Archipelago in German Publications Before 1700

1663:, with their eggs being most vulnerable to boar predation. Their chicks also face dangers and predation from 1366: 639:, cassowaries consume a considerable amount of protein throughout its life stages, and throughout the year. 8271: 7996: 5259: 4794:

Kofron, Christopher P. (December 1999). "Attacks to humans and domestic animals by the southern cassowary (

3070: 1267:-like claw that may be 125 mm (5 in) long. This claw is particularly fearsome, since cassowaries 8134: 8121: 7859: 7719: 5479: 4086: 4711:

Davies, Stephen J.J.F. (2003). "Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.).

3486: 2835:"A pygmy cassowary (Casuarius lydekkeri) from late Pleistocene bog deposits at Pureni, Papua New Guinea" 2131: 2049: 1334: 8139: 7425: 6555: 4654: 4123:]. illustrations by Christopher Healey. New Zealand: Auckland University Press. pp. 150, 152. 3468: 3348:. Canberra: Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. p. 19. Archived from 3292: 1722: 1555:

In captivity, outside of available hand-fed processed protein source, captive cassowaries are known to

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Fruit from at least 26 plant families has been documented in the diet of cassowaries. Fruits from the

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animals go, such as road kill, cassowary beaks - whilst sharp - aren't serrated like those of a true

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This assessment of the danger posed by cassowaries has been repeated in print by authors, including

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Montage of three species; left to right: southern cassowary, northern cassowary and dwarf cassowary

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of each have been described, and some of them have even been suggested as separate species, e.g.,

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Latin Names Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals

4009: 3528:"Rare video shows endangered southern cassowary emerging from ocean swim in Far North Queensland" 3508: 2591: 2469:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 7. 1793: 4332: 722:. As the publication date of Linnaeus's sixth edition was before the 1758 starting point of the 8243: 8074: 7693: 7668: 7636: 5472: 5229: 5196: 1975: 1886: 1849: 1797: 1641: 1618: 1488: 4316: 3551: 1358:

barnyard fowl until nearing maturity. Caged birds are regularly bereft of their fresh plumes.

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in Germany has all three species of cassowaries in its collection: single-wattled cassowary (

1009: 940: 871: 407: 385: 8230: 3414: 2509:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 155. 1189:, the cassowary is the island's second largest terrestrial animal after the introduction of 8266: 7688: 7678: 5611: 5042: 4919: 4669: 4255: 4165: 3113: 2915: 2869: 2489:(in Latin) (6th ed.). Stockholmiae (Stockholm): Godofr, Kiesewetteri. pp. 16, 27. 1801: 1549: 4571: 591:, and take a range of other plant foods, including shoots and grass seeds, in addition to 8: 8112: 7979: 7673: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7631: 7623: 6561: 5394: 5341: 5190: 4521:

Wenzlow, N.; Hamilton, W. F. (February 18, 2021). "Cassowary Fatally Attacks Its Owner".

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Man and a Half: Essays in Pacific Anthropology and Ethnobiology in Honour of Ralph Bulmer

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Cassowaries have a reputation for being dangerous to people and domestic animals. During

1805: 1545: 1112: 1036: 841: 822: 510: 450: 318: 282: 5244: 5178: 5046: 4923: 4673: 4259: 4169: 3175: 3117: 2919: 2334: 2299:"Captive Management Guidelines for the Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuarius johnsonii" 2201: 8021: 7661: 7551: 7352: 6675: 5584: 5440: 5330: 5312: 5081: 4935: 4898: 4811: 4732: 4612: 4381: 4226:. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. p. 23-24. 4201: 4188: 4153: 2931: 2684: 2411: 2384: 1706: 1705:

Cassowaries are native to the humid rainforests of New Guinea, nearby smaller islands,

1175: 1116: 968: 885: 808: 681: 569: 557: 526: 442: 332: 304: 256: 138: 6579: 4456: 4015:. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. 2011. p. 10-11. 3377: 1597:

were found to be much higher after passing through a cassowary's gut (92% versus 4%).

985: 8225: 8147: 7947: 7849: 7454: 7305: 7018: 6083: 6031: 5133: 5113: 5067: 5019: 4965: 4958: 4771: 4755: 4739: 4716: 4697: 4639: 4604: 4491: 4205: 4193: 4134: 4124: 3907:"Feral pigs decimating cassowaries in world heritage-listed Daintree, filmmaker says" 2965: 2663: 2656: 2623: 2580: 2559: 2416: 1914: 1901: 1622: 1484: 220: 7571: 6973: 4939: 4902: 4820: 2935: 2812: 2175: 1632:

The same cannot be said with their chicks, however, as they are vulnerable to large

8016: 7917: 7811: 7806: 7315: 7227: 7153: 7138: 7088: 6598: 6246: 5792: 5185: 5105: 5050: 4927: 4890: 4853: 4807: 4677: 4596: 4263: 4183: 4173: 3121: 2923: 2808: 2691: 2670: 2532: 2520: 2406: 2396: 1664: 1621:- one of Papua's only obligate terrestrial apex predator, with the other being the 1528: 1500: 1434: 1350: 1276: 1050: 814: 718: 530: 492: 475: 345: 8152: 3718: 1208:

All cassowaries' feathers consist of a shaft and loose barbules. They do not have

8126: 7952: 7854: 7292: 7247: 7237: 7078: 6855: 6712: 6124: 5940: 5856: 5776: 5542: 5404: 5321: 4995: 4931: 3396: 3343:"National Recovery Plan for the Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuarius johnsonii" 2927: 2751: 2744: 2726: 2705: 2698: 2677: 2642: 2613: 1987: 1690: 1626: 1536: 1515: 1213: 1182: 1026: 954: 699: 577: 573: 518: 3450: 2484: 2464: 2446: 2442: 1567:, nevertheless, captive birds are known to consume day-old chicks and butchered 7922: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7445: 7277: 7133: 6958: 6923: 6898: 6890: 6835: 6800: 6477: 5739: 5448: 5275: 4028:"World's most dangerous bird raised by humans 18,000 years ago, study suggests" 2737: 2635: 2558:(4th ed.). London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. 2401: 1918: 1710: 1637: 1418: 1406: 730: 709: 644: 502: 396: 205: 4283: 3590: 2504: 560:, is the third-tallest and second-heaviest living bird, smaller only than the 8260: 8097: 8057: 7964: 7869: 7784: 7756: 7606: 7506: 7357: 7320: 7207: 7113: 7108: 7083: 6943: 6928: 6762: 6742: 6727: 6668: 6450: 6386: 6294: 6004: 5982: 5769: 5681: 5668: 5623: 5495: 5384: 4608: 4495: 4138: 2719: 2712: 2500: 2480: 1991: 1881: 1813: 1713:, and northeastern Australia. They do, however, venture out into palm scrub, 1568: 1480: 1476: 1475:

Despite their largely frugivorous lifestyle, some consider cassowaries as an

1237: 847: 766: 689: 458: 262: 195: 69: 5155: 4178: 3789: 1753:

A free-ranging cassowary wandering in a tourist park at Etty Bay, Queensland

1463:, which potentially represent the largest prey item consumed by the birds. 1302:

Several functions for the casque have been proposed. One is that they are a

7986: 7974: 7942: 7826: 7511: 7450: 7415: 7375: 7173: 7010: 6998: 6908: 6805: 6717: 6605: 6408: 6324: 5834: 5824: 5117: 4981:"The taxonomic status of Casuarius bennetti papuanus and C. b. westermanni" 4197: 4112: 2420: 1999: 1967: 1771: 1645: 1519: 1127: 910: 713: 677: 648: 600: 553: 538: 534: 426: 248: 3225: 2079: 1749: 1294: 8186: 8106: 8046: 7957: 7907: 7892: 7877: 7596: 7586: 7556: 7486: 7481: 7420: 7405: 7347: 7342: 7327: 7148: 7128: 7053: 7043: 7028: 7023: 6978: 6948: 6938: 6903: 6880: 6752: 6747: 6505: 6493: 6466: 6426: 6417: 6365: 6331: 6239: 6174: 6116: 5994: 5702: 5596: 5292: 3976:"Cassowary carnival: Queensland town celebrates a famous flightless bird" 2617: 2523:(1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". 1947: 1943: 1925: 1507: 1441: 1375: 1202: 1178:

at 85 kg (187 lb) and 190 cm (6 ft 3 in) tall.

1156: 1144: 1130:, this assignment is not certain, and it might belong to the prehistoric 1046: 979: 758: 754: 542: 355: 215: 44: 5508: 4457:"Cassowary, called 'most dangerous bird', attacks and kills Florida man" 4221:"Recovery plan for the southern cassowary Casuarius casuarius johnsonii" 1609:, cassowaries are the island's largest and most dominant and formidable 726:, Brisson, and not Linnaeus, is considered the authority for the genus. 8178: 8026: 8001: 7521: 7516: 7435: 7282: 7143: 6850: 6845: 6810: 6436: 6379: 6349: 6253: 6212: 6147: 6095: 5755: 5713: 5356: 4616: 2460: 2120:(in Indonesian). Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pendidikan. pp. 39, 71. 1742: 1685: 1677: 1672: 1633: 1606: 1524: 1456: 1448: 1414: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1186: 1153: 1096: 1073: 1023: 833: 746: 608: 522: 314: 89: 54: 4681: 4268: 4243: 3125: 125: 8191: 8160: 7839: 7561: 7469: 7459: 7440: 7410: 7262: 7222: 7188: 7158: 7093: 6953: 6918: 6840: 6820: 6777: 6459: 6393: 6315: 5909: 5887: 5809: 5762: 5748: 5724: 5569: 5464: 5303: 5189: 5054: 4857: 2649: 1950:, potentially making them the largest urbanised birds in the world. 1838: 1834: 1763: 1714: 1660: 1652: 1556: 1541: 1460: 1452: 1417:, and myrtle families are important items in the diet. The poisonous 1399: 1209: 1194: 1092: 837: 636: 584: 546: 155: 94: 38: 8068: 5109: 4600: 3931:

International), BirdLife International (BirdLife) (August 9, 2018).

3432: 2537: 1298:

Feet of a southern cassowary: Cassowaries use their feet as weapons.

8292:

Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Australasia-Pacific region

8165: 8091: 8011: 8006: 7816: 7566: 7546: 7541: 7531: 7526: 7395: 7385: 7337: 7300: 7103: 7058: 7033: 6993: 6963: 6913: 6825: 6815: 6531: 6521: 6358: 6232: 6205: 6157: 5520: 5429: 5367: 4821:"Case histories of attacks by the southern cassowary in Queensland" 3745:"Notes on behaviour of New Guinea singing dogs (Canis lupus dingo)" 2361: 1929: 1781: 1593: 1579: 1423: 1410: 1379: 1343: 1229: 1190: 1132: 1091:

Most authorities consider the taxonomic classification above to be

742: 704:

published in 1748, but Linnaeus dropped the genus in the important

588: 175: 114: 84: 79: 64: 59: 49: 4947:

Owen, J. (2003). "Does Rain Forest Bird "Boom" Like a Dinosaur?".

4483:"Cassowary, world's 'most dangerous bird', kills owner in Florida" 4241: 3857:"Cassowary: Description, Pictures, & Fun Facts I TheBirdPedia" 2357:"'World's Most Dangerous Bird' Kills 75-Year-Old Owner In Florida" 1185:. Moreover, not only is the cassowary Asia's largest bird, within 7887: 7751: 7601: 7581: 7464: 7390: 7257: 7232: 7202: 7194: 7178: 7163: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7048: 7038: 6988: 6933: 6795: 6732: 6699: 6372: 6338: 6268: 6223: 6135: 6012: 3932: 3761:

Roots, Clive. Flightless birds. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006.

2441:(in French and Latin). Vol. 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. 1876: 1718: 1656: 1564: 1383: 1249: 1233: 1225: 1221: 628: 604: 561: 514: 506: 99: 74: 3211:. James Cook University. Section 2 Page 154 (thesis) or 60 (pdf) 2794:"The history and significance of the fossil Casuarius lydekkeri" 7576: 7476: 7430: 7331: 7310: 7252: 7242: 7212: 7098: 6983: 6830: 6785: 5514: 4715:. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group. 4151: 1789: 1738: 1668: 1496: 1492: 1430: 1264: 1198: 750: 632: 616: 165: 4523:

Abstracts of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Meeting

3608: 2031: 1786:

Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment

19:

This article is about the genus of birds. For other uses, see

7991: 7591: 7536: 7501: 7496: 7400: 7380: 7168: 7118: 6860: 6737: 5173: 4879:"Low-frequency vocalizations by cassowaries (Casuarius spp.)" 4404:"Authorities: Large, flightless bird kills its Florida owner" 1936: 1614: 1588: 1470: 1217: 660: 620: 592: 8041: 5169: 3876: 3874: 2225:"Digestive Anatomy and Physiology of the Southern Cassowary" 1860:). If subspecies are recognised, Weltvogelpark Walsrode has 647:, which is recorded to kill two to three humans per year in 7217: 7123: 6968: 6870: 6865: 6790: 6691: 5526: 4895:

10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[1062:LVBCCS]2.0.CO;2

2202:"What Do Cassowaries Eat? (Full Diet, Habits and Behavior)" 1808:

would be denied access to fruit of which they depend upon.

1681: 1610: 1560: 1260: 624: 612: 185: 4838:"Causes of mortality to the endangered Southern Cassowary 3933:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Casuarius casuarius" 2952:. Buzzle.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2009 2383:

Usurelu, Sergiu; Bettencourt, Vanessa; Melo, Gina (2015).

7491: 6875: 6722: 6192: 5376: 5283: 5274: 4564:"Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification – Genus Casuarius" 4455:

Hackney, Deanna; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (April 15, 2019).

4410:. Alachua, Florida, USA. Associated Press. April 13, 2019 4076:

Healey, Chris (1991). "Why is the Cassowary sacrificed".

3871: 3694: 1574: 1256: 1245: 1123: 762: 708:

of 1758 and put the southern cassowary together with the

596: 565: 3415:"Cassowaries in the Wet Tropics of Far North Queensland" 3137: 3135: 2833:

Rich, P. V.; Plane, Michael; Schroeder, Natalie (1988).

2219: 2217: 2215: 2035:

Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology

1224:

quills, resembling porcupine quills, with no barbs. The

6660: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 654: 4294: 3905:

Sexton-Mcgrath, Kristy; Stephen, Adam (May 30, 2018).

3104:

Crome, F.; Moore, L (1988). "The cassowary's casque".

2884: 2382: 1216:. Cassowaries have small wings with five or six large 1136:, which was a genus of cassowary-like primitive emus. 5156:"C4 Community for Coastal and Cassowary Conservation" 4355: 4353: 4050: 4048: 3904: 3132: 2212: 1885:

The cassowary is featured on the coat of arms of the

6527: 6489: 6447: 6432: 6300: 6290: 6280: 6189: 6163: 6153: 6143: 6104: 6000: 5990: 5937: 5906: 5874: 5821: 5805: 5736: 5720: 5709: 5698: 4734:

Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies

4638:(6 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 3081: 2578: 2235: 4624:Clark, Philip (November 5, 1990). "Stay in Touch". 3886: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3044: 3042: 3040: 2905: 2350: 2348: 2002:. The boy died of his injuries shortly thereafter. 1651:However, in the relic populations of north-eastern 724:

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

5033:Sclater, P. L. (October 14, 1875). "Cassowaries". 4957: 4754: 4731: 4481: 4350: 4338: 4045: 3023: 3021: 2843:BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 2832: 2579: 2525:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2100: 1433:and apples, is swallowed whole. Cassowaries are a 1374:Cassowaries, as aforementioned, are predominantly 1275:All three species have a keratinous, skin-covered 4770:. New York, NY: Facts on File. pp. 178–179. 4454: 4237: 4235: 4233: 3233:Section 3, page 114(pdf) 208(on-page numbering). 3103: 2078:. Collection of group names. 2007. Archived from 8258: 6030: 5141:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 4877:Mack, Andrew L.; Jones, Josh (October 1, 2003). 4836:Kofron, Christopher P.; Chapman, Angela (2006). 4636:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World 3538: 3502: 3500: 3329: 3223: 3147: 3037: 2345: 5064:Australia's Dangerous Creatures Reader's Digest 4520: 4284:"Cassowary bird tries to steal a woman's lunch" 4158:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3388: 3018: 2826: 2032:Melville, R. V.; Smith, J. D. D., eds. (1987). 568:. The other two species are represented by the 5541: 5032: 4230: 3930: 3567: 3565: 3319:"Casuarius unappendiculatusnorthern cassowary" 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 1877:Role in Papuan cultures and semi-domestication 1655:, the cassowary population faces threats from 6676: 5480: 5260: 5094: 4835: 4784: 4075: 3880: 3700: 3497: 3087: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2555:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 2376: 2170: 2168: 2166: 5679: 4753:Gilliard, E. Thomas (1958) . "Cassowaries". 4212: 4110: 3805: 3803: 3772:"Giant Cassowaries are Modern-day Dinosaurs" 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 2622:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 192–3. 2459: 2304:. Cairns Tropical Zoo. p. 23-24, 73-77. 1659:, and are in danger of being outcompeted by 1148:Close-up of the head of a southern cassowary 671: 4909: 3562: 3372: 3370: 2142: 1871: 1700: 1583:Cassowary feces, containing traces of seeds 697: 6683: 6669: 5487: 5473: 5267: 5253: 5226:"Southern cassowary - Casuarius casuarius" 5086:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4652: 4430:"Cassowary kills man at farm near Alachua" 4025: 2993: 2762: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2163: 1937:Urbanisation of local cassowary population 1728: 1725:, and Jardine National Park in Australia. 1471:Predatory behaviour and hunting techniques 1440:Adult and young cassowaries also practice 124: 5061: 4876: 4267: 4187: 4177: 4010:"PEST RISK ASSESSMENT Southern Cassowary" 3958:"Cyclone puts cassowary in greater peril" 3800: 3729: 3141: 2536: 2410: 2400: 2354: 2327: 2314: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2255:"Jungle royalty: the enigmatic cassowary" 1390:had co-existed for thousands of years in 587:, although all species are opportunistic 5301: 5228:. ARKive. August 5, 2004. Archived from 4752: 4633: 4630:Cites "authorities" for the death claim. 4300: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3649:Atherton Tablelands Bird Watchers' Cabin 3631:Atherton Tablelands Bird Watchers' Cabin 3573:"Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuarius" 3526:Testa, Christopher (November 13, 2023). 3367: 3071:"This is one bird to be cass-o-wary of!" 3027: 2499: 2479: 2252: 2157: 2115: 1895: 1880: 1748: 1732: 1578: 1365: 1333: 1312: 1293: 1143: 4729: 4544: 4436:. Alachua, Florida, USA. April 13, 2019 4328: 3892: 3751:. Science in New Guinea. p. 46-47. 3609:"Cassowary and chicks feeding on snake" 3395:Haley, Annemaree (September 26, 2022). 3290: 2984: 2862:"The Taxonomy of the Genus Cassowarius" 2433: 2355:Mosbergen, Dominique (April 14, 2019). 2194: 2105:(in Dutch). J.H. De Bussy. p. 146. 1447:In more urbanised areas, especially in 1269:sometimes kick humans and other animals 8259: 5494: 5013: 4978: 4818: 4793: 4710: 4688: 4586: 4561: 4371: 4359: 4344: 4104: 4054: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3830:Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea 3827: 3811:"New to the area what you should know" 3506: 3340: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3065: 3063: 3012: 2987:Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea 2890: 2807:(10). The Australian Museum: 235–238. 2791: 2779: 2265: 1904:on Indonesia and New Guinea, 1899–1900 1575:Role in seed dispersal and germination 8073: 8072: 6664: 6577: 6082: 6081: 5666: 5507: 5468: 5248: 4964:. New York City: Simon and Schuster. 4766:Gotch, A. F. (1995) . "Cassowaries". 4765: 4623: 4502:from the original on January 12, 2022 4218: 3706: 3552:"Don't Attempt to Cuddle a Cassowary" 3525: 3509:"Daintree's Dinosaur – The Cassowary" 3394: 3293:"10 Colorful Facts About Cassowaries" 3219: 3217: 2901: 2899: 2612: 2519: 2463:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). 2317:"Species Feature: Southern Cassowary" 2296: 2132:"Interesting facts about Cassowaries" 909:Northern and western New Guinea, and 803:IUCN status and estimated population 517:bones. Cassowaries are native to the 5206:"Raising the World's Deadliest Bird" 4955: 4946: 4785:Harmer, S.F.; Shipley, A.F. (1899). 4372:Sather, Patrick (October 13, 2021). 4312: 3742: 3231:(phd thesis). James Cook University. 3153: 2600:participating institution membership 753:group, which also includes the emu, 655:Taxonomy, systematics, and evolution 5179:Cassowary videos, photos and sounds 5170:Cassowary and chicks drinking water 3993: 3937:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3549: 3487:"Have you sized up to a cassowary?" 3316: 3303: 3268:. December 18, 2023. Archived from 3060: 1900:Cassowary held as a pet during the 1287:the smallest (tricorn shape), with 1119:to regions away from their origin. 1107:also may be in need of revision to 13: 5135:A Monograph of the Genus Casuarius 5126: 4812:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01206.x 4713:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia 4562:Brands, Sheila (August 14, 2008). 4085:. pp. 234–241. Archived from 3846:NY, Ballantine Books: 1971, p. 35. 3469:"Cassowary – The Flightless Birds" 3214: 2896: 2792:Miller, Alden H. (June 19, 1962). 2315:Boettcher, James (June 12, 2018). 2042: 1535:changes allows the cassowaries to 1370:Southern cassowary eating a banana 14: 8303: 8277:Extant Zanclean first appearances 5667: 5148: 4570:. The Taxonomicon. Archived from 4545:Borrell, Brendan (October 2008). 4026:Katie Hunt (September 27, 2021). 2056:. The Trust for Avian Systematics 583:Around 90% of the cassowary diet 8052: 8051: 8040: 6767: 6761: 6645: 6644: 6560: 6554: 6063: 5144:, vol. 15, pt. 5, December 1900. 4960:Predatory Dinosaurs of the World 4825:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 4730:Diamond, Jared M. (March 1997). 4514: 4474: 4448: 4422: 3844:New Guinea: The Tide is Stemmed. 3291:Mancini, Mark (April 19, 2019). 2801:Records of the Australian Museum 2466:Check-list of Birds of the World 2389:Annals of Medicine & Surgery 1109:Casuarius (bennetti) westermanni 984: 982:, and Yapen, mainly in highlands 959: 915: 890: 846: 813: 769:. These species are recognised: 666:was erected by French scientist 142: 42: 5181:on the Internet Bird Collection 5016:Taxonomy of the Genus Casuarius 4819:Kofron, Christopher P. (2003). 4396: 4365: 4276: 4145: 4069: 4060: 4019: 3968: 3950: 3924: 3898: 3849: 3836: 3821: 3782: 3764: 3755: 3676: 3655: 3637: 3619: 3601: 3583: 3577:San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance 3519: 3479: 3473:The Amazing Taman Safari - Bali 3461: 3443: 3425: 3407: 3284: 3254: 3236: 3224:Bentrupperbaumer, Joan (1997). 3200:Bentrupperbaumer, Joan (1997). 3194: 3168: 3159: 3097: 2978: 2942: 2854: 2813:10.3853/j.0067-1975.25.1962.662 2785: 2606: 2572: 2545: 2513: 2493: 2473: 2453: 2427: 2308: 2180:San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance 1827: 1329: 1304:secondary sexual characteristic 1049:fossils of New South Wales and 794:Scientific name and subspecies 4537: 4525:. Houston, Texas: 590 (H 65). 3507:D’Arcy, Mike (April 2, 2023). 2124: 2109: 2094: 2068: 2025: 1844:The double-wattled cassowary ( 1263:. The inner (first) toe has a 1220:. These are reduced to stiff, 1139: 1: 7710:Countries by meat consumption 4840:Casuarius casuarius johnsonii 4798:) in Queensland, Australia". 4796:Casuarius casuarius johnsonii 4787:The Cambridge Natural History 4653:Crome, F.; Moore, L. (1988). 4547:"Invasion of the Cassowaries" 3743:Bino, Robert (January 1996). 3663:"Tropical Topics - Cassowary" 2385:"Abdominal trauma by ostrich" 2013: 509:: flightless birds without a 7997:Non-vegetarian food in India 7715:Countries by meat production 4932:10.1080/08912963.2014.985669 4846:Pacific Conservation Biology 3815:Guardians of the Wet Tropics 3719:"The New Guinea Singing Dog" 2928:10.1080/08912963.2014.985669 2447:Vol. 5: p. 10, Plate 1 fig 2 2321:Australian Wildlife Journeys 2018: 1921:when eating cassowary meat. 1268: 888:or single-wattled cassowary 811:or double-wattled cassowary 696:in the sixth edition of his 552:Three cassowary species are 7: 7720:Food and drink prohibitions 5132:Rothschild, Walter (1899). 5014:Perron, Richard M. (2016). 4979:Perron, Richard M. (2011). 4761:. New York City: Doubleday. 4696:. Oxford University Press. 3881:Kofron & Chapman (2006) 3701:Webber & Woodrow (2004) 3088:Harmer & Shipley (1899) 2118:Kamus Bahasa Biak-Indonesia 2101:F.J.F. Van Hasselt (1947). 1856:) and Bennett's cassowary ( 1338:Juvenile southern cassowary 10: 8308: 6759: 6578: 3341:Dennis, Andrew J. (2023). 3180:Smithsonian's National Zoo 3050:"Biology & Physiology" 2402:10.1016/j.amsu.2014.12.004 2335:"What Do Cassowaries Eat?" 1961: 1854:Casuarius unappendiculatus 1723:Paluma Range National Park 1600: 1232:are degenerate, and their 900:Casuarius unappendiculatus 688:). The Swedish naturalist 366:Moehr, 1752 nomen rejectum 294:Casuarius unappendiculatus 21:Cassowary (disambiguation) 18: 8081: 8035: 7933: 7868: 7825: 7777: 7762:Psychology of eating meat 7737: 7702: 7622: 7615: 7366: 7306:Black soldier fly maggots 7291: 7187: 7009: 6889: 6776: 6698: 6640: 6586: 6573: 6551: 6504: 6485: 6476: 6446: 6416: 6407: 6348: 6314: 6276: 6267: 6222: 6200: 6188: 6134: 6103: 6094: 6090: 6077: 6060: 6026: 5981: 5936: 5905: 5873: 5820: 5801: 5790: 5735: 5694: 5690: 5675: 5662: 5622: 5604: 5595: 5577: 5568: 5550: 5537: 5503: 5426: 5365: 5355: 5291: 4956:Paul, Gregory S. (1988). 4842:in Queensland, Australia" 4757:Living Birds of the World 4626:The Sydney Morning Herald 4374:"10 Birds That Can't Fly" 4254:(4). Australia: 787–802. 4117:Birds of my Kalam Country 3591:"Cassowary and bandicoot" 3491:Daintree Discovery Centre 3244:"Cassowaries: Casuaridae" 3075:Atlas of Living Australia 2970:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2587:Oxford English Dictionary 2435:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques 1972:Living Birds of the World 1022: 953: 884: 807: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 761:, as well as the extinct 692:had introduced the genus 505:. They are classified as 338: 331: 278: 273: 254: 247: 139:Scientific classification 137: 132: 123: 30: 16:Genus of flightless birds 7835:Beef hormone controversy 6690: 5098:Functional Plant Biology 5018:. Quantum Conservation. 4949:National Geographic News 4738:. W.W. Norton & Co. 4655:"The cassowary's casque" 4634:Clements, James (2007). 2297:Biggs, James R. (2013). 1872:Relationship with humans 1822:eastern barred bandicoot 1818:southern brown bandicoot 1701:Distribution and habitat 668:Mathurin Jacques Brisson 4179:10.1073/pnas.2100117118 3627:"Cassowary season 2021" 3142:Mack & Jones (2003) 2592:Oxford University Press 2253:Pickrell, John (2019). 2229:Cassowaries and Kakapos 2103:Noemfoorsch Woordenboek 1794:common brushtail possum 1729:Status and conservation 1642:New Guinea singing dogs 1619:New Guinea singing dogs 1559:on either live or dead 1499:), the birds turn from 1361: 1255:Cassowaries have three- 957:or Bennett's cassowary 676:published in 1760. The 556:. The most common, the 446: 7860:Water holding capacity 5197:Encyclopedia Americana 5062:Underhill, D. (1993). 4690:Davies, Stephen J.J.F. 2985:Ziegler, A.C. (1982). 2076:"Part 7 - Vertebrates" 1984: 1976:Ernest Thomas Gilliard 1905: 1893: 1850:Weltvogelpark Walsrode 1798:common ringtail possum 1754: 1746: 1584: 1489:New Guinea singing dog 1371: 1339: 1299: 1149: 734: 698: 672: 454: 377:, 1800 non Latham 1790 8239:Paleobiology Database 7845:Feed conversion ratio 7747:Ethics of eating meat 5395:Kangaroo Island emu ( 4557:on December 13, 2012. 4219:Latch, Peter (2007). 4121:Mn̄mon Yad Kalam Yakt 4092:on September 28, 2020 3597:. September 16, 2016. 3437:Cassowary Conservancy 3077:. September 26, 2023. 2259:Australian Geographic 1980: 1899: 1884: 1752: 1736: 1582: 1369: 1337: 1313:Behaviour and ecology 1297: 1212:(tail feathers) or a 1147: 1103:. The taxonomic name 7898:Environmental impact 5331:Northern cassowary ( 5313:Southern cassowary ( 5001:on November 22, 2015 4864:on November 16, 2017 4694:Ratites and Tinamous 4551:Smithsonian Magazine 3964:. February 27, 2011. 3684:"Southern Cassowary" 3670:Animal Diversity Web 3455:Our Breathing Planet 3397:"Southern Cassowary" 3382:Daintree Cassowaries 3323:Animal Diversity Web 3262:"Southern Cassowary" 3248:Animal Life Resource 3176:"Southern cassowary" 2950:"The Cassowary Bird" 2054:aviansystematics.org 1802:eastern pygmy possum 1605:In its main home of 1550:New Guinea crocodile 1413:, palm, wild grape, 1283:has the largest and 913:, mainly in lowlands 844:, mainly in lowlands 545:), and northeastern 8272:Birds of New Guinea 5333:C. unappendiculatus 5047:1875Natur..12..516S 4994:(1). Archived from 4924:2016HBio...28..507N 4674:1988EmuAO..88..123C 4434:The Gainesville Sun 4260:2023AusEc..48..787C 4170:2021PNAS..11800117D 4164:(40): e2100117118. 3828:Bulmer, S. (1982). 3419:Friend of the Earth 3118:1988EmuAO..88..123C 2920:2016HBio...28..507N 2634:Cognates occur in 2590:(Online ed.). 2038:. ICZN. p. 17. 1887:Indonesian province 1806:little pygmy possum 1784:. According to the 1571:from time to time. 1546:saltwater crocodile 1289:C. unappendiculatus 1037:Casuarius lydekkeri 1029:or small cassowary 823:Casuarius casuarius 787: 737:cognate of several 686:Casuarius casuarius 319:Casuarius lydekkeri 283:Casuarius casuarius 8022:Warmed-over flavor 7790:Semi-vegetarianism 5379:D. novaehollandiae 4912:Historical Biology 4800:Journal of Zoology 4574:on October 5, 2016 4568:sn2000.taxonomy.nl 4490:. April 14, 2019. 4111:Majnep, Ian Saem; 3859:. December 9, 2021 3832:. The Hague: Junk. 3645:"Day: May 2, 2024" 3550:Buckley, Michael. 3493:. August 21, 2022. 2989:. The Hague: Junk. 2908:Historical Biology 2082:on October 5, 2016 1906: 1894: 1858:Casuarius bennetti 1770:In February 2011, 1755: 1747: 1707:East Nusa Tenggara 1691:niche partitioning 1585: 1529:red-browed finches 1372: 1340: 1300: 1176:southern cassowary 1150: 969:Casuarius bennetti 886:Northern cassowary 809:Southern cassowary 772: 749:) are part of the 741:spoken around the 729:Cassowaries (from 682:southern cassowary 570:northern cassowary 558:southern cassowary 527:Western New Guinea 305:Casuarius bennetti 299:Northern cassowary 288:Southern cassowary 257:Struthio casuarius 8254: 8253: 8226:Open Tree of Life 8075:Taxon identifiers 8066: 8065: 7733: 7732: 6658: 6657: 6636: 6635: 6569: 6568: 6549: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6403: 6402: 6263: 6262: 6184: 6183: 6108:Opisthodactylidae 6084:Notopalaeognathae 6073: 6072: 6058: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6032:Notopalaeognathae 6022: 6021: 5786: 5785: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5405:King Island emu ( 5397:D. n. baudinianus 5387:D. n. diemenensis 5351: 5350: 5322:Dwarf cassowary ( 5191:"Cassowary" 5186:Ingersoll, Ernest 5025:978-3-86523-272-4 4682:10.1071/MU9880123 4645:978-0-8014-4501-9 4384:on March 28, 2023 4269:10.1111/aec.13309 3556:perceptive travel 3378:"Cassowary Foods" 3126:10.1071/MU9880123 3054:Rainforest Rescue 2629:978-3-447-05492-8 2598:(Subscription or 2565:978-0-85301-006-7 2116:Soeparno (1977). 1968:World War II 1915:Pandanus register 1902:Siboga Expedition 1866:C. u. rufotinctus 1862:C. b. westermanni 1837:species, such as 1665:domesticated dogs 1623:crocodile monitor 1485:crocodile monitor 1089: 1088: 1043: 975: 906: 829: 800:Size and ecology 785: 757:, ostriches, and 739:related languages 585:consists of fruit 436: 435: 430: 419: 411: 400: 389: 378: 367: 359: 348: 325: 311: 300: 289: 243: 224: 118: 8299: 8282:Flightless birds 8247: 8246: 8234: 8233: 8221: 8220: 8208: 8207: 8195: 8194: 8182: 8181: 8169: 8168: 8156: 8155: 8143: 8142: 8130: 8129: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8070: 8069: 8055: 8054: 8045: 8044: 8017:Roadkill cuisine 7812:Meat alternative 7807:Plant-based diet 7725:Meat substitutes 7620: 7619: 6771: 6765: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6648: 6647: 6599:Incognitoolithus 6575: 6574: 6564: 6559: 6558: 6529: 6491: 6483: 6482: 6449: 6434: 6414: 6413: 6302: 6292: 6282: 6274: 6273: 6198: 6197: 6193:Dinornithiformes 6191: 6165: 6155: 6145: 6106: 6101: 6100: 6092: 6091: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6067: 6028: 6027: 6002: 5992: 5939: 5908: 5876: 5823: 5807: 5799: 5798: 5793:Struthioniformes 5738: 5722: 5711: 5700: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5677: 5676: 5664: 5663: 5602: 5601: 5575: 5574: 5548: 5547: 5539: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5505: 5504: 5489: 5482: 5475: 5466: 5465: 5363: 5362: 5299: 5298: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5212:. March 17, 2023 5201: 5193: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5121: 5091: 5085: 5077: 5058: 5055:10.1038/012516a0 5029: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5000: 4985: 4975: 4963: 4952: 4943: 4906: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4860:. Archived from 4858:10.1071/PC060175 4832: 4815: 4790: 4781: 4762: 4760: 4749: 4737: 4726: 4707: 4685: 4659: 4649: 4629: 4620: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4558: 4553:. Archived from 4531: 4530: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4485: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4380:. Archived from 4369: 4363: 4357: 4348: 4342: 4336: 4326: 4320: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4239: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4191: 4181: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4084: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4006: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3853: 3847: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3807: 3798: 3797: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3768: 3762: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3740: 3727: 3726: 3715: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3667: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3569: 3560: 3559: 3547: 3536: 3535: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3504: 3495: 3494: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3457:. June 27, 2016. 3447: 3441: 3440: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3401:Daintree Safaris 3392: 3386: 3385: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3354: 3347: 3338: 3327: 3326: 3314: 3301: 3300: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3272:on July 26, 2024 3258: 3252: 3251: 3240: 3234: 3232: 3221: 3212: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3182:. March 23, 2023 3172: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3101: 3095: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3046: 3035: 3025: 3016: 3010: 2991: 2990: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2969: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2903: 2894: 2893:, pp. 54–8. 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2872:on March 5, 2016 2868:. Archived from 2858: 2852: 2851: 2839: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2798: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2760: 2759: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2595: 2583: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2414: 2404: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2352: 2343: 2342: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2294: 2263: 2262: 2250: 2233: 2232: 2221: 2210: 2209: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2172: 2161: 2155: 2140: 2139: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2029: 1974:, ornithologist 1501:primary consumer 1435:keystone species 1259:feet with sharp 1173: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1077: 1051:Papua New Guinea 1042:Rothschild, 1911 1041: 1013: 988: 973: 963: 944: 919: 904: 894: 875: 850: 828:(Linnaeus, 1758) 827: 817: 788: 780: 771: 703: 675: 531:Papua New Guinea 519:tropical forests 493:flightless birds 490: 487: 484: 473: 470: 467: 425: 417: 406: 395: 384: 373: 365: 354: 344: 323: 309: 298: 287: 238: 219: 147: 146: 128: 112: 111: 41: 34:Temporal range: 28: 27: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8297: 8296: 8257: 8256: 8255: 8250: 8242: 8237: 8229: 8224: 8216: 8211: 8203: 8198: 8190: 8185: 8177: 8172: 8164: 8159: 8151: 8146: 8138: 8133: 8125: 8120: 8111: 8110: 8105: 8096: 8095: 8090: 8077: 8067: 8062: 8047:Food portal 8039: 8031: 7953:Case-ready meat 7935: 7929: 7903:Factory farming 7864: 7821: 7773: 7739: 7729: 7698: 7611: 7368: 7362: 7287: 7192: 7183: 7005: 6885: 6856:Lamb and mutton 6772: 6766: 6757: 6694: 6689: 6659: 6654: 6632: 6582: 6565: 6553: 6537: 6500: 6472: 6442: 6399: 6344: 6310: 6259: 6218: 6180: 6130: 6125:Opisthodactylus 6086: 6069: 6062: 6046: 6018: 5977: 5941:Ergilornithidae 5932: 5901: 5895:Galligeranoides 5869: 5857:Palaeophasianus 5842:Galligeranoides 5816: 5795: 5782: 5777:Pseudocrypturus 5731: 5684: 5671: 5638: 5618: 5591: 5564: 5558:Avemetatarsalia 5543:Avemetatarsalia 5533: 5510: 5509: 5499: 5493: 5463: 5454: 5422: 5385:Tasmanian emu ( 5347: 5287: 5273: 5235: 5233: 5224: 5215: 5213: 5204: 5184: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5129: 5127:Further wording 5124: 5110:10.1071/FP03214 5079: 5078: 5074: 5026: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4983: 4972: 4867: 4865: 4778: 4746: 4723: 4704: 4657: 4646: 4601:10.2307/2798651 4577: 4575: 4540: 4535: 4534: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4327: 4323: 4311: 4307: 4301:Gilliard (1958) 4299: 4295: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4248:Austral Ecology 4240: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4213: 4150: 4146: 4131: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4053: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4007: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3962:The Independent 3956: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3903: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3841: 3837: 3826: 3822: 3809: 3808: 3801: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3741: 3730: 3717: 3716: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3633:. June 6, 2021. 3625: 3624: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3571: 3570: 3563: 3548: 3539: 3524: 3520: 3505: 3498: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3393: 3389: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3355:on July 3, 2023 3352: 3345: 3339: 3330: 3317:Neikirk, Rose. 3315: 3304: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3222: 3215: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3133: 3102: 3098: 3086: 3082: 3069: 3068: 3061: 3048: 3047: 3038: 3028:Gilliard (1958) 3026: 3019: 3015:, pp. 75–7 3011: 2994: 2983: 2979: 2963: 2962: 2955: 2953: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2904: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2837: 2831: 2827: 2817: 2815: 2796: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2763: 2630: 2611: 2607: 2597: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2518: 2514: 2498: 2494: 2478: 2474: 2458: 2454: 2432: 2428: 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2353: 2346: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2295: 2266: 2251: 2236: 2223: 2222: 2213: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2174: 2173: 2164: 2158:Clements (2007) 2156: 2143: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2114: 2110: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2016: 1988:Gregory S. Paul 1964: 1939: 1879: 1874: 1830: 1737:A road sign in 1731: 1703: 1638:monitor lizards 1603: 1577: 1537:niche partition 1473: 1364: 1332: 1315: 1183:Arabian ostrich 1170: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1142: 1105:C. (b) papuanus 1101:C. (b) papuanus 1084: 1081: 1075: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1040: 1031: 1027:Pygmy cassowary 1017: 1011: 1002: 1001: 996: 995: 983: 972: 955:Dwarf cassowary 948: 942: 933: 932: 927: 926: 914: 903: 879: 873: 864: 863: 858: 857: 845: 836:, northeastern 826: 786:– Four species 700:Systema Naturae 657: 578:pygmy cassowary 574:dwarf cassowary 488: 485: 482: 471: 468: 465: 324:Pygmy cassowary 322: 310:Dwarf cassowary 308: 297: 286: 269: 260: 237: 218: 141: 119: 110: 109: 108: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 36: 35: 32: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8305: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8287:Apex predators 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8235: 8222: 8209: 8196: 8183: 8170: 8157: 8144: 8131: 8118: 8103: 8087: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8058:Category: Meat 8049: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7983: 7982: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7950: 7945: 7939: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7923:Slaughterhouse 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7831: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7800:Pollotarianism 7797: 7795:Pescetarianism 7787: 7781: 7779: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7735: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7665: 7664: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7628: 7626: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7467: 7457: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7372: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7297: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7199: 7197: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6782: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6704: 6702: 6696: 6695: 6688: 6687: 6680: 6673: 6665: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6571: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6535: 6525: 6518: 6510: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6486: 6480: 6478:Casuariiformes 6474: 6473: 6471: 6470: 6463: 6455: 6453: 6451:Aepyornithidae 6444: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6430: 6422: 6420: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6376: 6369: 6362: 6354: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6320: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6298: 6288: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6228: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6209: 6201: 6195: 6186: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6171: 6161: 6151: 6140: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6121: 6112: 6110: 6098: 6088: 6087: 6075: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6036: 6034: 6024: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6009: 5998: 5987: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5968: 5965:Sinoergilornis 5961: 5954: 5946: 5944: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5923: 5915: 5913: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5891: 5883: 5881: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5860: 5853: 5846: 5838: 5830: 5828: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5802: 5796: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5744: 5742: 5740:Lithornithidae 5733: 5732: 5730: 5729: 5718: 5707: 5695: 5685: 5680: 5673: 5672: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5628: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5551: 5545: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5501: 5500: 5492: 5491: 5484: 5477: 5469: 5460: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5444: 5435: 5433: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5412: 5401: 5391: 5383:(subspecies: † 5373: 5371: 5360: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5337: 5328: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5296: 5289: 5288: 5276:Casuariiformes 5272: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5232:on May 3, 2006 5222: 5202: 5182: 5176: 5167: 5150: 5149:External links 5147: 5146: 5145: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5092: 5072: 5059: 5041:(311): 516–7. 5030: 5024: 5011: 4976: 4970: 4953: 4944: 4918:(4): 507–518. 4907: 4874: 4833: 4816: 4791: 4782: 4776: 4763: 4750: 4744: 4727: 4721: 4708: 4702: 4686: 4668:(2): 123–124. 4650: 4644: 4631: 4621: 4584: 4559: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4513: 4473: 4447: 4421: 4395: 4364: 4349: 4337: 4329:Diamond (1997) 4321: 4305: 4293: 4275: 4229: 4211: 4144: 4129: 4103: 4068: 4059: 4044: 4018: 3992: 3967: 3949: 3923: 3897: 3893:Borrell (2008) 3885: 3870: 3848: 3835: 3820: 3799: 3781: 3763: 3754: 3728: 3705: 3693: 3675: 3654: 3651:. May 2, 2024. 3636: 3618: 3600: 3582: 3561: 3537: 3518: 3513:Daintree Coast 3496: 3478: 3460: 3442: 3424: 3406: 3387: 3366: 3328: 3302: 3283: 3253: 3235: 3213: 3193: 3167: 3158: 3146: 3131: 3112:(2): 123–124. 3096: 3080: 3059: 3036: 3017: 2992: 2977: 2941: 2914:(4): 507–518. 2895: 2883: 2853: 2825: 2784: 2761: 2628: 2605: 2571: 2564: 2544: 2512: 2501:Linnaeus, Carl 2492: 2481:Linnaeus, Carl 2472: 2452: 2426: 2375: 2344: 2326: 2307: 2264: 2234: 2211: 2193: 2162: 2141: 2136:Heritage Lodge 2123: 2108: 2093: 2067: 2041: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 1963: 1960: 1938: 1935: 1919:Kalam language 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1829: 1826: 1730: 1727: 1711:Maluku Islands 1702: 1699: 1602: 1599: 1576: 1573: 1569:domestic fowls 1516:predatory bird 1472: 1469: 1419:cassowary plum 1363: 1360: 1331: 1328: 1314: 1311: 1141: 1138: 1095:, but several 1087: 1086: 1076: EX 1071: 1053: 1044: 1033: 1020: 1019: 1012: LC 1007: 989: 976: 965: 951: 950: 943: LC 938: 920: 907: 896: 882: 881: 874: LC 869: 851: 830: 819: 805: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 767:elephant birds 710:common ostrich 656: 653: 645:common ostrich 503:Casuariiformes 434: 433: 432: 431: 420: 412: 401: 390: 379: 368: 360: 349: 336: 335: 329: 328: 327: 326: 312: 301: 290: 276: 275: 271: 270: 261: 252: 251: 245: 244: 230: 226: 225: 213: 209: 208: 206:Casuariiformes 203: 199: 198: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 135: 134: 130: 129: 121: 120: 105: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 43: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8304: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8245: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8227: 8223: 8219: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8123: 8119: 8114: 8108: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8071: 8059: 8050: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8037: 8034: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7965:Cultured meat 7963: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7932: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7870:Meat industry 7867: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7785:Vegetarianism 7783: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7757:Animal rights 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7736: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7663: 7660: 7659: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7616:List articles 7614: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 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7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7114:Pacific saury 7112: 7110: 7109:Orange roughy 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6770: 6764: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 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6233:Anomalopteryx 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6187: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6005:Pachystruthio 5999: 5997: 5996: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5983:Struthionidae 5980: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5951:Amphipelargus 5948: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5904: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5878:Palaeotididae 5872: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5819: 5812: 5811: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5789: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5770:Paracathartes 5767: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5751: 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5177: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5104:(5): 505–16. 5103: 5099: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5075: 5073:0-86438-018-6 5069: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5021: 5017: 5012: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4971:9780671619466 4967: 4962: 4961: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4889:(4): 1062–8. 4888: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4841: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4806:(4): 375–81. 4805: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4777:0-8160-3377-3 4773: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4747: 4745:0-393-03891-2 4741: 4736: 4735: 4728: 4724: 4722:0-7876-5784-0 4718: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4703:0-19-854996-2 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4578:September 21, 4573: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4556: 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2133: 2127: 2119: 2112: 2104: 2097: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2055: 2051: 2050:"Cassuaridae" 2045: 2037: 2036: 2028: 2024: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2001: 1995: 1993: 1992:Jared Diamond 1989: 1983: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1903: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1814:eastern quoll 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1751: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1673:rat poisoning 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1646:Papuan eagles 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1627:dwarf species 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1581: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:mesopredators 1478: 1468: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 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706:tenth edition 702: 701: 695: 691: 690:Carl Linnaeus 687: 683: 679: 674: 669: 665: 662: 652: 650: 646: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 601:invertebrates 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 501:in the order 500: 499: 495:of the genus 494: 481: 477: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 428: 424: 421: 416: 413: 409: 405: 402: 398: 394: 391: 387: 383: 380: 376: 372: 369: 364: 361: 357: 353: 350: 347: 343: 340: 339: 337: 334: 330: 321: 320: 316: 313: 307: 306: 302: 296: 295: 291: 285: 284: 280: 279: 277: 272: 268: 264: 259: 258: 253: 250: 246: 241: 236: 235: 231: 228: 227: 222: 217: 214: 211: 210: 207: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196:Palaeognathae 194: 191: 190: 187: 184: 181: 180: 177: 174: 171: 170: 167: 164: 161: 160: 157: 154: 151: 150: 145: 140: 136: 131: 127: 122: 116: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 40: 29: 26: 22: 8082: 7987:Mystery meat 7943:Arachnophagy 7883:Branch house 7850:Preservation 7827:Meat science 7778:Alternatives 7767:Meat paradox 7689:Smoked foods 7328:Grasshoppers 7273:Sea cucumber 7268:Shrimp/prawn 6707: 6627:Tsondabornis 6625: 6618: 6611: 6606:Medioolithus 6604: 6597: 6592:Diamantornis 6590: 6530: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6492: 6465: 6458: 6435: 6425: 6409:Novaeratitae 6392: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6337: 6330: 6325:Crypturellus 6323: 6305:Roveretornis 6303: 6293: 6283: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6213:Megalapteryx 6211: 6204: 6173: 6166: 6156: 6146: 6123: 6115: 6011: 6003: 5993: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5925: 5918: 5893: 5886: 5862: 5855: 5850:Geranodornis 5848: 5840: 5835:Eogeranoides 5833: 5825:Geranoididae 5808: 5775: 5768: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5723: 5712: 5701: 5447: 5441:E. guljaruba 5439: 5428: 5415: 5406: 5396: 5386: 5378: 5366: 5342:C. lydekkeri 5340: 5332: 5323: 5315:C. casuarius 5314: 5302: 5279: 5234:. 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Retrieved 3851: 3843: 3838: 3829: 3823: 3814: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3766: 3757: 3749:ResearchGate 3748: 3722: 3696: 3687: 3678: 3672:. p. 4. 3669: 3657: 3648: 3639: 3630: 3621: 3612: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3555: 3531: 3521: 3512: 3490: 3481: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3436: 3433:"What we do" 3427: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3390: 3381: 3357:. Retrieved 3350:the original 3322: 3297:Mental Floss 3296: 3286: 3274:. Retrieved 3270:the original 3266:Forestry.com 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3226: 3209:(phd thesis) 3201: 3196: 3184:. Retrieved 3179: 3170: 3161: 3149: 3109: 3105: 3099: 3083: 3074: 3053: 2986: 2980: 2954:. Retrieved 2944: 2911: 2907: 2886: 2874:. Retrieved 2870:the original 2865: 2856: 2847: 2841: 2828: 2816:. Retrieved 2804: 2800: 2787: 2754: 2747: 2740: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2715: 2708: 2701: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2673: 2666: 2659: 2652: 2645: 2638: 2633: 2618: 2608: 2585: 2574: 2554: 2547: 2528: 2524: 2515: 2505: 2495: 2485: 2475: 2465: 2455: 2438: 2429: 2395:(1): 41–43. 2392: 2388: 2378: 2366:. 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Retrieved 2053: 2044: 2034: 2027: 2008: 2004: 2000:jugular vein 1996: 1985: 1981: 1971: 1965: 1956: 1952: 1940: 1923: 1910: 1907: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1846:C. casuarius 1845: 1843: 1831: 1828:In captivity 1810: 1779: 1776: 1772:Cyclone Yasi 1769: 1760: 1756: 1704: 1695: 1650: 1631: 1604: 1592: 1586: 1565:baby chicken 1554: 1533: 1520:emerald dove 1512: 1505: 1477:apex species 1474: 1465: 1446: 1439: 1428: 1404: 1373: 1356: 1348: 1341: 1330:Reproduction 1324: 1320: 1316: 1308: 1301: 1288: 1284: 1281:C. casuarius 1280: 1274: 1254: 1242: 1207: 1193:such as the 1180: 1157:rain forests 1151: 1131: 1128:biogeography 1121: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1090: 1083: 1080: 1074: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1035: 1030: 1016: 1010: 1003: 997: 991: 978:New Guinea, 967: 958: 947: 941: 934: 928: 922: 898: 889: 878: 872: 865: 859: 853: 821: 812: 791:Common name 775: 774: 728: 717: 714:greater rhea 693: 685: 678:type species 673:Ornithologie 663: 658: 649:South Africa 641: 607:, and small 582: 551: 535:The Moluccas 497: 496: 479: 462: 438: 437: 423:Hippalectryo 422: 414: 403: 392: 381: 370: 362: 351: 341: 317: 303: 292: 281: 255: 249:Type species 233: 232: 192:Infraclass: 25: 8267:Casuariidae 8187:iNaturalist 8107:Wikispecies 7970:Entomophagy 7958:Meat diaper 7948:Cannibalism 7624:Meat dishes 7406:Charcuterie 7369:preparation 7353:Mopane worm 7343:Mezcal worm 6506:Casuariidae 6494:Diogenornis 6467:Mullerornis 6418:Apterygidae 6366:Nothoprocta 6332:Nothocercus 6247:Euryapteryx 6117:Diogenornis 5995:Orientornis 5703:Asteriornis 5612:Maniraptora 5597:Maniraptora 5496:Palaeognath 5407:D. n. minor 5324:C. bennetti 5293:Casuariidae 5280:cassowaries 4988:Bull. B.O.C 4831:(1): 335–8. 4595:(1): 5–25. 4538:Cited texts 4313:Paul (1988) 3942:January 28, 3916:January 28, 3794:Wet Tropics 3688:Attica Park 3451:"Cassowary" 3154:Owen (2003) 2581:"cassowary" 2531:: 317–335. 2521:Allen, J.A. 2461:Mayr, Ernst 2176:"Cassowary" 1948:New Zealand 1926:Pleistocene 1924:Studies on 1911:C. bennetti 1745:, Australia 1525:honeyeaters 1442:corprophagy 1376:frugivorous 1285:C. bennetti 1214:preen gland 1203:fallow deer 1140:Description 1047:Pleistocene 980:New Britain 974:Gould, 1857 905:Blyth, 1860 842:Aru Islands 609:vertebrates 543:Aru Islands 486:horned head 469:bird strong 439:Cassowaries 418:Perry, 1811 216:Casuariidae 8261:Categories 8027:White meat 8002:Pink slime 7980:Artificial 7855:Tenderness 7740:psychology 7738:Ethics and 7572:Salt-cured 7278:Sea urchin 6846:Guinea pig 6620:Psammornis 6437:Proapteryx 6380:Rhynchotus 6350:Nothurinae 6285:Miniothura 6254:Pachyornis 6148:Heterorhea 6096:Rheiformes 6041:see below↓ 5958:Ergilornis 5756:Fissuravis 5714:Eremopezus 5633:see below↓ 5357:Dromaiidae 5066:. Sydney. 4868:January 6, 4378:AZ Animals 2850:: 377–389. 2732:, Windesi 2602:required.) 2339:AZ Animals 2014:References 1891:West Papua 1764:Feral pigs 1743:Queensland 1686:feral cats 1678:wild boars 1661:wild boars 1607:New Guinea 1461:bandicoots 1457:honeyeater 1449:Queensland 1415:nightshade 1396:Queensland 1392:New Guinea 1388:wild boars 1380:omnivorous 1236:bones and 1222:keratinous 1187:New Guinea 1154:Queensland 1117:introduced 1097:subspecies 840:, and the 834:New Guinea 747:New Guinea 523:New Guinea 451:Indonesian 8127:Casuarius 8113:Casuarius 8083:Casuarius 7918:Slaughter 7840:Drip loss 7562:Rillettes 7522:Marinated 7460:Forcemeat 7446:Fermented 7386:Barbecued 7358:Palm grub 7189:Shellfish 7159:Swordfish 7094:Mahi Mahi 6924:Crocodile 6899:Alligator 6778:Livestock 6708:Cassowary 6515:Casuarius 6460:Aepyornis 6394:Tinamotis 6387:Taoniscus 6316:Tinaminae 6269:Tinamidae 6168:Protorhea 5972:Urmiornis 5910:Eogruidae 5888:Palaeotis 5810:Remiornis 5763:Lithornis 5749:Calciavis 5725:Limenavis 5585:Theropoda 5570:Theropoda 5513:Kingdom: 5417:D. ocypus 5304:Casuarius 5236:April 19, 5216:April 19, 5161:April 19, 5082:cite book 4609:0025-1496 4506:April 16, 4496:0307-1235 4466:April 16, 4440:April 13, 4414:April 13, 4388:March 28, 4206:238203829 4139:251862814 3723:The INDog 3228:Australia 3205:Australia 2866:perron.eu 2818:March 20, 2650:Elpaputih 2368:April 15, 2060:August 5, 2019:Citations 1839:kangaroos 1835:sympatric 1715:grassland 1653:Australia 1542:rusa deer 1453:Australia 1424:cyanogens 1400:Australia 1351:incubates 1349:The male 1210:rectrices 1195:rusa deer 1191:Cervidaes 1113:specimens 1093:monotypic 838:Australia 832:southern 776:Casuarius 694:Casuarius 664:Casuarius 637:frugivore 589:omnivores 547:Australia 513:on their 498:Casuarius 480:kasu weri 443:Tok Pisin 415:Cassowara 342:Casoarius 234:Casuarius 162:Kingdom: 156:Eukaryota 37:5–0 31:Cassowary 8092:Wikidata 8012:Red meat 8007:Raw meat 7936:subjects 7817:Veganism 7684:Meatball 7547:Pemmican 7532:Meatloaf 7527:Meatball 7367:Cuts and 7348:Silkworm 7338:Mealworm 7316:Crickets 7228:Crayfish 7208:Calamari 7104:Milkfish 7089:Mackerel 7084:Kingfish 7059:Flounder 6959:Pangolin 6944:Kangaroo 6929:Elephant 6914:Bushmeat 6650:Category 6613:Namornis 6532:Emuarius 6522:Dromaius 6359:Eudromia 6206:Dinornis 6158:Hinasuri 6013:Struthio 5927:Sonogrus 5864:Paragrus 5521:Chordata 5519:Phylum: 5515:Animalia 5449:E. gidju 5430:Emuarius 5368:Dromaius 5210:BirdNote 5188:(1920). 5118:32688922 4940:84497795 4903:86025843 4692:(2002). 4500:Archived 4408:ABC News 4198:34580213 4115:(1977). 4096:July 30, 3911:ABC News 3532:ABC News 3276:July 26, 3186:July 13, 2966:cite web 2936:84497795 2716:kasawari 2702:kasawari 2695:asawallo 2688:asuwalyo 2685:Nusalaut 2681:kasawari 2664:Masiwang 2660:asuwalia 2657:Manusela 2616:(2007). 2538:2246/678 2503:(1758). 2483:(1748). 2437:(1760). 2421:25685344 2362:HuffPost 2206:Birdfact 1930:Holocene 1804:and the 1782:Tasmania 1657:vehicles 1594:Ryparosa 1548:and the 1487:and the 1411:podocarp 1238:sphenoid 1230:coracoid 1133:Emuarius 743:Moluccas 719:Struthio 712:and the 619:, small 572:and the 463:man suar 408:Billberg 393:Oxyporus 386:Billberg 382:Chelarga 375:Lacépède 333:Synonyms 274:Species 263:Linnaeus 212:Family: 176:Chordata 172:Phylum: 166:Animalia 152:Domain: 117:– Recent 115:Pliocene 8179:5429309 8098:Q201231 7975:Marbled 7934:Related 7913:Packing 7888:Butcher 7752:Carnism 7694:Sausage 7669:Seafood 7637:Chicken 7607:Tartare 7602:Tandoor 7582:Sausage 7567:Roasted 7552:Poached 7542:Pickled 7465:Cretons 7455:supreme 7396:Braised 7391:Biltong 7293:Insects 7258:Scallop 7248:Octopus 7238:Lobster 7233:Dolphin 7203:Abalone 7195:seafood 7179:Walleye 7164:Tilapia 7139:Sardine 7129:Pollock 7079:Herring 7074:Halibut 7069:Haddock 7064:Grouper 7049:Crappie 7039:Catfish 7019:Anchovy 6989:Venison 6806:Buffalo 6796:Beefalo 6733:Ostrich 6713:Chicken 6700:Poultry 6427:Apteryx 6373:Nothura 6339:Tinamus 6224:Emeidae 6136:Rheidae 5525:Class: 5043:Bibcode 4920:Bibcode 4883:The Auk 4670:Bibcode 4617:2798651 4461:AP News 4290:. 2023. 4288:YouTube 4256:Bibcode 4189:8501781 4166:Bibcode 3778:. 2019. 3776:YouTube 3595:YouTube 3359:July 3, 3114:Bibcode 3092:p. 35–6 2916:Bibcode 2876:July 7, 2755:hetuwar 2723:manswar 2692:Saparua 2674:kaswari 2671:Ambelau 2667:asawais 2653:asawari 2646:asuwaro 2639:kafwali 2412:4323753 2341:. 2022. 2208:. 2022. 2138:. 2021. 1978:wrote: 1962:Attacks 1928:/early 1917:of the 1719:savanna 1669:Rodents 1634:pythons 1601:Threats 1557:predate 1431:bananas 1384:carrion 1326:season 1250:ostrich 1234:palatal 1226:furcula 1218:remiges 1169:⁄ 1062:Habitat 998:Habitat 929:Habitat 860:Habitat 782:Brisson 735:kasuari 680:is the 670:in his 629:lizards 617:rodents 605:carrion 562:ostrich 515:sternum 507:ratites 455:kasuari 404:Thrasys 397:Brookes 346:Bonhote 240:Brisson 229:Genus: 202:Order: 182:Class: 106:↓ 8231:589156 8205:174387 8166:1CASUG 8056: 7908:Jobber 7893:Cutter 7878:Broker 7679:Steaks 7597:Stewed 7587:Smoked 7577:Salumi 7557:Potted 7507:Kidney 7487:Ground 7482:Frozen 7451:Fillet 7431:Cutlet 7421:Corned 7416:Confit 7401:Burger 7332:locust 7311:Cicada 7253:Oyster 7243:Mussel 7213:Chiton 7193:other 7134:Salmon 7099:Marlin 6984:Turtle 6974:Rabbit 6949:Monkey 6939:Iguana 6881:Żubroń 6836:Snails 6831:Donkey 6786:Alpaca 6753:Turkey 6738:Pigeon 6580:Ootaxa 5920:Eogrus 5498:genera 5359:(emus) 5116: 5070: 5035:Nature 5022: 4968: 4938: 4901: 4774: 4742: 4719: 4700: 4642: 4615: 4607: 4494: 4333:p. 165 4319:, 464. 4317:p. 364 4204: 4196: 4186: 4137: 4127: 2934: 2752:Yotafa 2745:Tarfia 2730:masuar 2727:Dusner 2709:asawar 2706:Kowiai 2699:Haruku 2678:Kayeli 2643:Amahai 2626: 2562: 2419: 2409: 2182:. 2022 2086:May 4, 1820:, and 1790:Hobart 1739:Cairns 1709:, the 1644:, and 1615:humans 1497:autumn 1493:winter 1407:laurel 1378:, but 1277:casque 1265:dagger 1248:or an 1201:, and 1199:chital 797:Range 784:, 1760 773:Genus 751:ratite 633:snakes 631:, and 554:extant 491:) are 476:Papuan 429:, 1842 427:Gloger 410:, 1828 399:, 1828 388:, 1828 358:, 1816 242:, 1760 223:, 1847 113:Early 8244:39287 8192:20498 7992:Offal 7703:Other 7592:Steak 7537:Offal 7512:Liver 7502:Kebab 7497:Jerky 7477:Fried 7436:Dried 7426:Cured 7381:Bacon 7321:Flour 7283:Whale 7169:Trout 7144:Shark 7119:Perch 6979:Snake 6954:Mouse 6861:Llama 6851:Horse 6811:Camel 6801:Bison 6743:Quail 6728:Goose 6240:Emeus 5377:Emu ( 5174:Vimeo 4999:(PDF) 4984:(PDF) 4936:S2CID 4899:S2CID 4658:(PDF) 4613:JSTOR 4224:(PDF) 4202:S2CID 4119:[ 4090:(PDF) 4083:(PDF) 4013:(PDF) 3666:(PDF) 3613:vimeo 3353:(PDF) 3346:(PDF) 3032:p. 23 2932:S2CID 2838:(PDF) 2797:(PDF) 2748:kasur 2741:swodi 2738:Sobei 2734:maswa 2636:Alune 2596: 2302:(PDF) 1944:Kiwis 1788:from 1589:scats 1261:claws 911:Yapen 755:rheas 731:Malay 661:genus 625:frogs 621:birds 611:like 593:fungi 539:Seram 447:muruk 8218:8786 8213:NCBI 8200:ITIS 8174:GBIF 8161:EPPO 8153:3J7J 8140:4817 8135:BOLD 7674:Veal 7657:Pork 7652:Lamb 7647:Goat 7642:Fish 7632:Beef 7470:Pâté 7411:Chop 7376:Aged 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