481:
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577:, an affluent of the Orinoco. Although the Temi is somewhat obstructed, it is believed that it could easily be made navigable for small craft. The isthmus is 10 miles (16 km) across, with undulating ground, nowhere over 15 metres (50 ft) high, with swamps and marshes. In the early 20th century, it was much used for the transit of large canoes, which were hauled across it from the Temi River and reached the Rio Negro by a little stream called the Pimichin.
377:
29:
45:
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558:, which leaves it at a point about 80 kilometres (50 mi) above its mouth. In the dry season, it has shallows, and is obstructed by sandbanks, a few rapids and granite rocks. Its shores are densely wooded, and the soil more fertile than that along the Rio Negro. The general slope of the plains through which the canal runs is south-west, but those of the Rio Negro slope south-east.
630:
The simplest description (besides the entire area-floodplain) of the water divide is a "south-bank
Orinoco River strip" at the exit point of the Orinoco, also the origin of the Casiquiare canal. However, during the Orinoco's flood stage, that single, simply defined "origin of the canal" is turned
623:
The greatest manifestation of the divide is during floods. During flood stage, the
Casiquiare's main outflow point into the Rio Negro is supplemented by an overflow that is a second, and more minor, entry river bifurcation into the Rio Negro and upstream from its major, common low-water entry
411:. The Portuguese insisted they were not in Spanish territory but on a tributary of the Amazon; they invited Román back with them to prove their claim. He accompanied them on their return, by way of the Casiquiare canal, and afterwards retraced his route to the Orinoco. Along the way, he made
543:(1,750 ft) wide. The volume of water the Casiquiare captures from the Orinoco is small in comparison to what it accumulates in its course. Nevertheless, the geological processes are ongoing, and evidence points to a slow and gradual increase in the size of Casiquiare. It is likely that
542:
streams, large and small, that it receives en route, its velocity increases, and in the wet season reaches 2.2 metres per second (5 mph), even 3.6 metres per second (8 mph) in certain stretches. It broadens considerably as it approaches its mouth, where it is about 533 metres
619:
Essentially the river divide is a west-flowing, upriver section of
Venezuela's Orinoco River with an outflow to the south into the Amazon Basin. This named outflow is the Casiquiare canal, which, as it heads downstream (southerly), picks up speed and also accumulates water volume.
561:
The
Casiquiare is not a sluggish canal on a flat tableland, but a great, rapid river which, if its upper waters had not found contact with the Orinoco, perhaps by cutting back, would belong entirely to the Negro branch of the Amazon.
952:
538:
with the
Orinoco, is approximately 90 metres (300 ft), with a current towards the Rio Negro of 0.3 metres per second (0.75 mph). However, as it gains in volume from the very numerous
627:
The
Casiquiare canal connects the upper Orinoco, 14 kilometres (9 mi) below the mission of Esmeraldas, with the Rio Negro affluent of the Amazon River near the town of San Carlos.
380:
Casiquiare river or channel, connecting the rivers
Orinoco and Negro in the Amazonas forest. The map was drafted based on Alexander von Humboldt 1799 survey of the area.
460:
traveled up the
Orinoco, traversed the Casiquiare canal, and descended the Rio Negro to the Amazon at Manaus. It was the first expedition to use aerial photography and
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In flood time, it is said to have a second connection with the Rio Negro by a branch, which it throws off to the westward, called the
678:
987:
958:
Wikimapia satellite image displaying locations of both the beginning (principio) and the end (desague) of the
Casiquiare Canal.
740:
534:
The general course is south-west, and its length, including windings, is about 320 kilometres (200 mi). Its width, at its
161:
890:
430:
389:
624:
confluence with the Rio Negro. At flood, the river becomes an area flow source, far more than a narrow confined river.
96:
957:
772:
Fertility in
Amazonia: Indigenous Concepts of the Human Reproductive Process Among the Ye'kwana of Southern Venezuela
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river systems. It is the world's largest river of the kind that links two major river systems, a so-called
992:
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236:
429:
an account of Father Román's voyage, and thus confirm the existence of this waterway, first reported by
528:
488:
The origin of the Casiquiare, at the River Orinoco, is 14 kilometres (9 mi) below the mission of
523:, and about 123 metres (404 ft) above sea level. Its mouth at the Rio Negro, an affluent of the
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Little credence was given to Román's statement until it was verified, in 1756, by the
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The Casiquiare canal – Orinoco River hydrographic divide is a representation of the
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325:, South America. As such, it forms a unique natural canal between the Orinoco and
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into a region, and an entire strip along the southern bank of the Orinoco River.
465:
461:
334:
881:
Quinn, Joyce Ann; Woodward, Susan L. (2015). Quinn, J.A.; S.L. Woodward (eds.).
551:, eventually will be entirely diverted by the Casiquiare into the Amazon basin.
609:
544:
812:
To Weave and Sing: Art, Symbol, and Narrative in the South American Rainforest
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is in progress, i.e. what currently is the uppermost Orinoco basin, including
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843:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 275–276.
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691:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 783–790.
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This rare phenomenon ends up forming an immense natural island, roughly the
934:
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326:
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The point where the Casiquiare bifurcates from the Orinoco, on Google Maps
49:
Location of the Casiquiare (highlighted in purple) within the Amazon Basin
924:
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284:
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142:
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for mapping of the region. In 1968 the Casiquiare was navigated by an
883:
Earth's Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features
604:. (The Orinoco Basin flows west–north–northeast into the
539:
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240:
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Sunset on the Casiquiare River, in the State of Amazonas (Venezuela)
404:
360:, first used in that form by Manuel Román, likely derives from the
668:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
565:
To the west of the Casiquiare, there is a much shorter and easier
906:
Stokes, Maya; Goldberg, Samuel; Perron, J. Taylor (25 May 2018).
600:
that delineates the separation between the Orinoco Basin and the
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In 1744 a Jesuit priest named Manuel Román, while ascending the
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between the Orinoco and Amazon basins, called the isthmus of
437:
348:, despite there not being a consensus on its island status.
697:
Orinoco arriba. A través de Venezuela siguiendo a Humboldt
484:
The Casiquiare (bottom left) is separated from the Orinoco
344:, and thus technically the world's second largest, after
794:
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
573:, which is reached by ascending the Temi branch of the
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452:explored the river. During a 1924–25 expedition,
419:people, whom he enlisted to help in his journey.
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752:
750:
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531:and is 91 metres (299 ft) above sea level.
608:; the Amazon Basin flows east into the western
440:Boundary-line Commission of José Yturriaga and
423:, seven months later, was able to give to the
384:The first European to describe it was Spanish
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337:, more dramatically at regional flood stage.
253:2,574.3 m/s (90,910 cu ft/s)
407:slave-traders from the settlements on the
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214:42,478 km (16,401 sq mi)
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580:
33:Map of the Cassiquiare canal based on
978:Tributaries of the Rio Negro (Amazon)
908:"Ongoing River Capture in the Amazon"
743:from the original on 8 November 2014.
717:Ziesler, R.; Ardizzone, G.D. (1979).
304:
804:
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723:The Inland waters of Latin America
710:
699:. Caracas: Ediciones Lectura, 1959
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885:. Vol. 1. pp. 141–142.
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988:Biosphere reserves of Venezuela
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155: • coordinates
90: • coordinates
1:
770:Lauer, Matthew Taylor (2005)
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421:Charles Marie de La Condamine
390:Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña
70:Physical characteristics
912:Geophysical Research Letters
612:in the extreme northeast of
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194: • elevation
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444:. In 1800 German scientist
317:flowing southward into the
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133:110 m (360 ft)
840:Encyclopædia Britannica
810:Guss, David. M. (1990)
688:Encyclopædia Britannica
642:Crypturellus casiquiare
198:79 m (259 ft)
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527:, is near the town of
511:3.138472°N 65.878472°W
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446:Alexander von Humboldt
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302:Spanish pronunciation:
35:Alexander von Humboldt
719:"Amazon River System"
645:, the barred tinamou.
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454:Alexander H. Rice Jr.
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925:10.1029/2018GL078129
516:3.138472; -65.878472
448:and French botanist
306:[kasiˈkjaɾe]
177:2.00139°N 67.09833°W
112:3.13833°N 65.88028°W
983:Rivers of Venezuela
860:The Daily Telegraph
825:Church, George Earl
695:VARESCHI, Volkmar.
675:Church, George Earl
581:Hydrographic divide
507: /
470:National Geographic
364:name of the river,
333:. The area forms a
262:Basin features
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37:, 1799 observations
993:River bifurcations
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458:Harvard University
426:Académie française
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182:2.00139; -67.09833
117:3.13833; -65.88028
16:River in Venezuela
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892:978-1-61069-445-2
399:in the region of
362:Ye'kuana language
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865:. Retrieved
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799:Church 1911a
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602:Amazon Basin
598:water divide
595:hydrographic
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525:Amazon River
502:65°52′42.5″W
490:La Esmeralda
487:
472:expedition.
435:
431:Father Acuña
424:
401:La Esmeralda
394:
383:
366:Kashishiwadi
365:
357:
355:
339:
335:water divide
311:distributary
297:
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291:
243:(near mouth)
536:bifurcation
514: /
403:, met some
331:bifurcation
267:Tributaries
180: /
115: /
967:Categories
867:2008-07-14
774:, page 152
677:(1911a). "
650:References
529:San Carlos
499:3°8′18.5″N
405:Portuguese
358:Casiquiare
211:Basin size
103:65°52′49″W
827:(1911b).
606:Caribbean
556:Itinivini
540:tributary
476:Geography
468:during a
433:in 1639.
415:with the
409:Rio Negro
392:in 1639.
372:Discovery
356:The name
352:Etymology
346:Greenland
323:Venezuela
319:Rio Negro
241:Venezuela
223:Discharge
168:67°5′54″W
148:Rio Negro
64:Venezuela
814:, page 5
741:Archived
635:See also
610:Atlantic
571:Pimichin
417:Ye'kuana
237:Amazonas
100:3°8′18″N
55:Location
837:(ed.).
685:(ed.).
672::
655:Sources
567:portage
438:Spanish
315:Orinoco
165:2°0′5″N
60:Country
889:
733:
681:". In
679:Amazon
666:
614:Brazil
442:Solano
386:Jesuit
327:Amazon
270:
226:
203:Length
79:Source
833:. In
704:Notes
321:, in
298:canal
285:Yatua
281:Siapa
143:Mouth
887:ISBN
731:ISBN
292:The
930:hdl
920:doi
616:.)
492:at
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300:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
