93:
48:
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177:. Some months later, in December 1923, Chávez visited the United States for the first time, returning in March 1924. Chávez again went to New York City in September 1926 and stayed there until June 1928. Upon his return to Mexico, Chávez became director of the Orquesta Sinfónica Mexicana (Mexican Symphonic Orchestra), later renamed Orquesta Sinfónica de México (Mexico's Symphonic Orchestra); the country's first permanent orchestra, started by a musicians'
2038:
2535:
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which were issued on 78-rpm discs and on LP (Columbia 4-disc 78-rpm set M 414, reissued 1949 on
Columbia 10-inch LP, Columbia ML 2080 and Mexican Columbia DCL 98, reissued on Columbia 12-inch LP, LL 1015; CBS Masterworks 3-LP set 32 31 0001 (mono)/ 32 31 002 (stereo); CBC Masterworks LP 32 11 0064;
549:
In the fourth of his Norton lectures of 1958–59, titled "Repetition in Music", he described a mode of composition already observable in many of his compositions since the 1920s, in which "The idea of repetition and variation can be replaced by the notion of constant rebirth, of true derivation: a
1288:
507:
Although this early period saw the creation of the
Sonatina for violin and piano (1924), it was only in the 1930s that Chávez returned to another of the main musical interests of his maturity, prefigured in the juvenilia: the traditional genres of the
172:
In
September 1922, Chávez married Otilia Ortiz and they went on honeymoon to Europe, from October 1922 until April 1923, spending two weeks in Vienna, five months in Berlin, and eight or ten days in Paris. During the latter visit he met
184:
In
December 1928, Chávez was appointed director of Mexico's National Conservatory of Music—a position he held for a total of five years (until March 1933, and again for eight months in 1934). In that capacity, Chávez spearheaded three
400:
During his time in New York City between 1924 and 1928, Chávez acquired a taste for the then-fashionable abstract and quasi-scientific music, as is reflected in the titles of many of his compositions written between 1923 and 1934:
227:, which supplanted the older OSM as Mexico's premier orchestra and led to the disbanding of the older ensemble. Throughout all this time, Chávez maintained a busy international touring schedule.
2615:
672:, both released on LP: one of his own Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (Westminster WST 17030, reissued in 1976 as Westminster Gold WGS 8324) and one of the two piano concertos by
546:' tragedy. In it, Chávez sought to create an archaic ambiance through the use of modal polyphony, harmonies built on fourths and fifths, and a predominant use of wind instruments.
554:(1933), the first work acknowledged by the composer to have been consciously organized according to this principle. It only became a regular feature, however, beginning with
258:. Intended to be finished in August 1954, it was first postponed to April 1955, but only finally completed in 1956, by which time the title had been changed twice, first to
2610:
610:
Chávez made more than a handful of recordings, conducting his own music as well as that of other composers. One of the earliest was made in the 1930s for
474:
is a colorfully orchestrated score of ample dimensions and dense, compact atmosphere, notable for its dynamism and vitality, revealing the influence of
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693:(originally recorded in 1947 for the Mexican label Anfión and issued as a 3-disc 78 rpm set Anfión AM 4), and in 1956 Decca released an anthology,
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stream that never comes back to its source; a stream in eternal development, like a spiral ..." A notable early example of this method is
112:, had been executed by the French Army in April 1864. His father, Augustín Chávez, who died when Carlos was barely three years old, invented a
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280:. Stage direction was by Bill Butler, scenic design by Herbert Senn and Helen Pond, and costumes by Sylvia Wintle. The principal singers were
2074:
193:, two concerned with collecting and cataloguing indigenous music and its literature, and the third to study the uses of old and new scales.
683:, on which he conducted the Orquesta Sinfónica de México. In 1951 a 10-inch mono LP was issued (Decca Gold Label DL 7512, reissued 1978 by
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Chávez's music does not fall into clear stylistic periods, but rather cumulates elements in a process of continual synthesis. The
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of 1935–36, one of the few works by Chávez to quote actual Native-American themes), but only sporadically in later compositions.
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342:, in the fringes of the Mexican capital, where he died quietly on 2 August 1978., his wife having died in april.
119:
Carlos had his first piano lessons from his brother Manuel, and later on he was taught piano by Asunción Parra,
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104:
family, Chávez was born on Tacuba Avenue in Mexico City, near the suburb of
Popotla. His paternal grandfather,
1515:
1316:
1173:, with eight illustrations by Antonio Ruíz. New York: W. W. Norton. Reprinted, New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.
1899:
1038:. The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures, 1958–1959. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Spanish translation, as
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1949:
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139:, and other places where the cultural influence of the Mexican indigenous peoples was still very strong.
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640:
626:'s Chaconne in E minor: 4-disc 78-rpm set, Victor Red Seal M 503. The best-known of his discs was the
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1398:
1096:. Composer Resource Manuals 46; Garland Reference Library of the Humanities 1925. New York: Garland.
527:
1309:
1055:
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on LP SDBR 3029, and was reissued on CD in 1996 by
Everest as EVC-9041, as well as at some point by
558:
for piano (1958), and subsequently in most of his instrumental compositions of the 1960s and 1970s:
246:, director of the New York City center of Music and Drama, for a three-act opera to a libretto by
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268:. The City Center waived its rights to the first performance, which was given under the title
216:, and by 1945, Chávez had come to be regarded as the foremost Mexican composer and conductor.
1984:
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and at the same time returning to folkloric and popular elements, with dances such as the
8:
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as the main influence. A period of nationalistic leanings was initiated in 1921 with the
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494:. Such nationalisms would appear through the 1930s, notably in the Second Symphony (the
181:. Chávez was instrumental in taking the orchestra on tour through Mexico's rural areas.
165:, Chávez became one of the first exponents of Mexican nationalist music with ballets on
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1807:
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74:. He was influenced by native Mexican cultures. Of his six symphonies, the second, or
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331:(1969) had previously been commission by the Festival and was first performed there.
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123:, and Pedro Luis Ozagón, and harmony by Juan Fuentes. His family often holidayed in
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2005:
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in 1924. In the succeeding 36 years he was to write over 500 items for this paper.
52:
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1747:
1727:
644:, in which Chávez conducted the Stadium Symphony Orchestra, the name given to the
504:
designed the sets and costumes for the ballet's premiere in
Philadelphia in 1932.
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1914:
1812:
1762:
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724:
657:
653:
627:
475:
370:
308:, respectively.() From 1958 to 1959 he was the Charles Eliot Norton professor at
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247:
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1964:
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513:
366:
109:
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1944:
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680:
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Failing health and financial setbacks forced Chávez to sell his house in the
277:
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1702:
365:, up to 1921 and consisting primarily of piano compositions, is essentially
230:
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1979:
1934:
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1269:
759:
611:
533:
501:
120:
29:
2290:
1227:. México, D.F.: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA).
128:
1919:
1904:
1109:
Parker, Robert L. 2001. "Chávez (y Ramírez), Carlos (Antonio de Padua)".
991:
665:
178:
345:
Chávez's manuscripts and papers are housed in the Music
Division of the
339:
70:, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the
2125:
1969:
1959:
1929:
1662:
292:. The opera would be revised twice more and the title changed again to
219:
From
January 1947 until 1952, Chávez served as director-general of the
174:
132:
67:
2052:
1200:, compiled and edited by Gloria Carmona. México: El Colegio Nacional.
1042:. Sección de obras de arte. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1979.
1954:
1874:
1757:
543:
362:
146:, and this led to his joining the staff of the Mexico City newspaper
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517:
487:
479:
338:
neighborhood of Mexico City and move in with his daughter Anita in
208:, during a period of absence by the orchestra's regular conductor,
200:, which is one of the first books in which a composer speaks about
124:
63:
1598:
1498:
1484:
491:
33:
1301:
835:
47:
1477:
943:
509:
136:
113:
2616:
Academic staff of the
National Conservatory of Music of Mexico
847:
323:
From 1970 to 1973, Chávez served as the music director of the
1273:
907:
713:
Columbia LP M32685; Odyssey LP Y 31534). In 1961 he recorded
483:
374:
166:
81:
1225:
Diálogo de resplandores: Carlos Chávez y Silvestre Revueltas
574:
for bassoon, trumpet, viola, timpani, and orchestra (1969),
161:
and the installation of a democratically elected president,
883:
871:
859:
776:
1183:
Hacia una nueva música: ensayo sobre música y electricidad
524:. He composed six numbered symphonies. The first, titled
931:
304:), for productions in 1968 and 1973, in Mexico City and
142:
In 1916, Chávez and friends started a cultural journal,
1016:"Musicians and Artists: Carlos Chávez and Diego Rivera"
967:
204:. In 1938, he conducted a series of concerts with the
84:
percussion instruments, is probably the most popular.
2511:
825:
823:
697:, on which he conducted three of his own works, plus
687:
on side 2 of 12-inch LP ), containing his Suite from
464:(i.e., Horse Power), also known by the Spanish title
1079:. Twayne's Music Series. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
979:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
445:, 1934), and an unfinished orchestral score titled
62:(13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican
919:
895:
788:
727:, narrator, released on Mexican Columbia MC 1360.
800:
116:that was produced and used in the United States.
2547:
955:
582:for piano (1975), and the late orchestral works
2611:National Conservatory of Music of Mexico alumni
1297:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
1242:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.
1216:(vol. 1: "Escritos periodísticos (1916–1939)").
1112:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
532:(1933), was reworked from incidental music for
347:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
40: and the second or maternal family name is
1282:"Carlos Chávez: Biography & list of works"
1054:
949:
913:
877:
865:
853:
841:
782:
679:In the 1950s he released two recordings on US
458:The culmination of this period was the ballet
276:in New York on 9 May 1957, under the baton of
2068:
1614:
1317:
1270:"Carlos Chávez (biography, works, resources)"
652:. The album was originally issued in 1959 by
525:
495:
465:
446:
436:
426:
412:
402:
388:
378:
293:
263:
212:. In 1940 he produced concerts at New York's
147:
723:, with the Orquesta Sinfónica de México and
96:National Conservatory of Music, México City
2075:
2061:
1621:
1607:
1324:
1310:
1077:Carlos Chávez, Mexico's Modern-Day Orpheus
19:For other people named Carlos Chávez, see
1167:Toward a New Music: Music and Electricity
1127:
937:
889:
316:he gave there were published as a book,
229:
91:
60:Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez
46:
2576:Members of El Colegio Nacional (Mexico)
2082:
1139:
901:
325:Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music
288:, Mary McMurray, Michael Kermoyan, and
2548:
1108:
1091:
1074:
1062:. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
1033:
997:
985:
973:
925:
829:
794:
2056:
1602:
1305:
1185:. México: El Colegio Nacional, 1992.
737:List of compositions by Carlos Chávez
622:, together with his orchestration of
1013:
961:
108:, a former governor of the state of
1628:
648:for its summer performances in the
272:in the Brander Matthews Theatre at
242:In May 1953 he was commissioned by
223:. In his first year, he formed the
13:
1539:Toccata for Percussion Instruments
1284:(in English, French, and Spanish).
1159:
1094:Carlos Chávez: A Guide to Research
676:(ABC Westminster Gold WGS 8156).
196:In 1937, Chávez published a book,
14:
2637:
1331:
1262:
1169:, translated from the Spanish by
708:He also made some recordings for
2601:Mexican male classical composers
2581:20th-century classical composers
2533:
2521:
2036:
2027:
2026:
1584:
1583:
730:
705:(Decca Gold Label LP, DL9527).
387:), followed by a second ballet,
356:
2621:20th-century conductors (music)
2596:Mexican male conductors (music)
1238:Saavedra, Leonora (ed.). 2015.
664:in two recordings with pianist
660:. In 1963 Chávez conducted the
221:National Institute of Fine Arts
1900:Modes of limited transposition
1135:. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
630:stereophonic recording of his
51:Carlos Chávez photographed by
21:Carlos Chávez (disambiguation)
1:
1014:Buja, Maureen (8 June 2017).
770:
605:
327:. His orchestral composition
1181:. First Spanish edition, as
662:Vienna State Opera Orchestra
87:
32:, the first or paternal
16:Mexican composer (1899–1978)
7:
2626:20th-century male musicians
2606:Mexican classical composers
1950:Quartal and quintal harmony
1639:List of modernist composers
1240:Carlos Chávez and His World
741:
225:National Symphony Orchestra
72:Mexican Symphonic Orchestra
10:
2642:
2591:Mexican conductors (music)
2586:Harvard University faculty
2566:Musicians from Mexico City
1060:Carlos Chávez, vida y obra
1006:
1000:, 41, 47, 98–103, 123–124.
766:; all influenced by Chávez
734:
351:National Archive of Mexico
191:academias de investigación
27:
18:
2408:
2388:Charles Villiers Stanford
2090:
2014:
1993:
1863:
1823:
1652:
1645:
1636:
1580:
1554:
1524:
1508:
1469:
1448:
1391:
1366:
1348:
1339:
1289:Carlos Chávez manuscripts
1272:(in French and English).
1115:, 2nd edition, edited by
570:for wind quintet (1961),
2571:Writers from Mexico City
1196:Chávez, Carlos. 1997– .
1145:"Opera: First by Chávez"
1092:Parker, Robert L. 1998.
1075:Parker, Robert L. 1983.
562:for string trio (1965),
106:José María Chávez Alonso
2301:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
1056:García Morillo, Roberto
578:for brass trio (1966),
100:The seventh child of a
2398:Ralph Vaughan Williams
2276:Alexander Dargomyzhsky
2001:Second Viennese School
1994:Schools of composition
1219:Miranda, Ricardo, and
1165:Chávez, Carlos. 1937.
1133:Music of Latin America
1040:El pensamiento musical
1034:Chávez, Carlos. 1961.
614:, containing Chávez's
526:
496:
466:
447:
441:for violin and piano (
437:
431:for nine instruments (
427:
413:
403:
389:
379:
294:
264:
239:
206:NBC Symphony Orchestra
190:
148:
97:
56:
1985:Twelve-tone technique
1433:Sinfonía para cuerdas
646:New York Philharmonic
417:for voice and piano (
234:Chávez's tomb in the
233:
95:
50:
2429:Antônio Carlos Gomes
2181:Carl Maria von Weber
1401:Sinfonía de Antígona
1342:List of compositions
1123:. London: Macmillan.
636:Sinfonía de Antígona
616:Sinfonía de Antígona
528:Sinfonía de Antígona
336:Lomas de Chapultepec
270:Panfilo and Lauretta
260:Pánfilo and Lauretta
250:based on a story by
214:Museum of Modern Art
80:, which uses native
2469:Silvestre Revueltas
2393:Alexander Mackenzie
2246:Stanisław Moniuszko
2166:Camille Saint-Saëns
2084:Musical nationalism
1572:Musical nationalism
1562:Grupo de los cuatro
1382:La hija de Cólquide
950:García Morillo 1960
914:García Morillo 1960
878:García Morillo 1960
866:García Morillo 1960
854:García Morillo 1960
842:García Morillo 1960
783:García Morillo 1960
748:Grupo de los cuatro
690:La hija de Cólquide
670:Westminster Records
624:Dieterich Buxtehude
542:, an adaptation of
274:Columbia University
2439:Heitor Villa-Lobos
1525:Other compositions
1516:Piano Sonata No. 3
1424:Sinfonía romántica
1150:The New York Times
1129:Slonimsky, Nicolas
764:José Pablo Moncayo
756:Salvador Contreras
752:Daniel Ayala Pérez
750:, formed in 1935:
720:Peter and the Wolf
699:José Pablo Moncayo
641:Sinfonía romántica
425:for piano (1925),
353:, in Mexico City.
310:Harvard University
284:, Frank Porretta,
265:El amor propiciado
256:The Tuscan Players
240:
236:Panteón de Dolores
198:Toward a New Music
159:Mexican Revolution
98:
57:
2509:
2508:
2434:Francisco Mignone
2419:Alberto Ginastera
2306:Alexander Borodin
2296:Modest Mussorgsky
2251:Henryk Wieniawski
2050:
2049:
1859:
1858:
1596:
1595:
1375:Caballos de vapor
1256:978-0-691-16948-4
1248:978-0-691-16947-7
1171:Herbert Weinstock
566:for harp (1967),
467:Caballos de vapor
306:Aptos, California
2633:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2494:Edward MacDowell
2348:Enrique Granados
2323:Alexander Moyzes
2116:Bohuslav Martinů
2077:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2030:
2029:
2006:Darmstadt School
1940:Post-romanticism
1650:
1649:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1587:
1586:
1555:Related articles
1431:Symphony No. 5 (
1422:Symphony No. 4 (
1408:Symphony No. 2 (
1399:Symphony No. 1 (
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715:Sergei Prokofiev
710:Columbia Records
685:Varèse Sarabande
674:Edward MacDowell
650:Lewisohn Stadium
531:
499:
469:
450:
440:
430:
416:
406:
392:
390:Los cuatro soles
382:
297:
286:Craig Timberlake
267:
244:Lincoln Kirstein
210:Arturo Toscanini
202:electronic music
153:
53:Carl Van Vechten
2641:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2540:Classical music
2534:
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2522:
2520:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2404:
2374:United Kingdom
2353:Joaquín Rodrigo
2343:Manuel de Falla
2241:Frédéric Chopin
2101:Bedřich Smetana
2097:Czech Republic
2086:
2081:
2051:
2046:
2023:
2010:
1989:
1915:New Objectivity
1868:
1866:
1855:
1819:
1641:
1632:
1630:Modernist music
1627:
1597:
1592:
1576:
1567:Music of Mexico
1550:
1520:
1504:
1465:
1461:Violin Concerto
1444:
1387:
1362:
1344:
1335:
1330:
1280:
1268:
1265:
1162:
1160:Further reading
1157:
1143:(10 May 1957).
1141:Taubman, Howard
1036:Musical Thought
1024:
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1009:
1004:
996:
992:
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739:
733:
725:Carlos Pellicer
695:Music of Mexico
658:Philips Records
654:Everest Records
628:Everest Records
608:
580:Cinco Caprichos
377:-themed ballet
371:Robert Schumann
359:
318:Musical Thought
314:public lectures
282:Sylvia Stahlman
254:, to be titled
248:Chester Kallman
90:
45:
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1410:Sinfonía india
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1263:External links
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620:Sinfonía india
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497:Sinfonía índia
380:El fuego nuevo
358:
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295:Los visitantes
290:Thomas Stewart
163:Álvaro Obregón
110:Aguascalientes
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77:Sinfonía india
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1176:
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1153:. p. 21.
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1117:Stanley Sadie
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738:
731:List of works
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681:Decca Records
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569:
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564:Invención III
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395:The Four Suns
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357:Musical style
354:
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278:Howard Shanet
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238:, Mexico City
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2499:Charles Ives
2484:Henry Cowell
2463:
2459:Manuel Ponce
2383:Edward Elgar
2378:Joseph Parry
2328:Eugen Suchoň
2231:Edvard Grieg
2217:Netherlands
2131:Carl Nielsen
2111:Leoš Janáček
2018:
1980:Tone cluster
1935:Polytonality
1880:Experimental
1582:
1543:
1531:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1432:
1423:
1409:
1400:
1380:
1373:
1367:Ballet music
1357:The Visitors
1355:
1332:
1239:
1224:
1197:
1182:
1166:
1148:
1132:
1121:John Tyrrell
1110:
1093:
1076:
1059:
1039:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
993:
981:
969:
957:
945:
933:
921:
909:
902:Taubman 1957
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
790:
778:
760:Blas Galindo
718:
707:
702:
694:
688:
678:
639:
635:
631:
619:
615:
609:
599:
598:(1969), and
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:Invención II
559:
555:
551:
548:
537:
534:Jean Cocteau
506:
502:Diego Rivera
471:
459:
457:
452:
442:
432:
422:
418:
408:
399:
397:), in 1925.
394:
385:The New Fire
384:
360:
344:
333:
328:
322:
317:
301:The Visitors
299:
269:
259:
255:
241:
218:
197:
195:
183:
171:
156:
150:El Universal
143:
141:
121:Manuel Ponce
118:
99:
75:
59:
58:
41:
37:
30:Spanish name
25:
2561:1978 deaths
2556:1899 births
2368:Hugo Alfvén
2196:Béla Bartók
1930:Polyrhythms
1905:Neotonality
1793:Szymanowski
1509:Piano music
1221:Yael Bitrán
998:Parker 1983
986:Chávez 1961
974:Chávez 1961
926:Chávez 1961
830:Parker 2001
795:Parker 1998
666:Eugene List
602:(1970–72).
584:Resonancias
556:Invención I
470:(1926–31).
407:for piano (
349:and in the
179:labor union
2550:Categories
2415:Argentina
2318:Ján Cikker
2126:Niels Gade
1975:Surrealism
1970:Stochastic
1960:Sound mass
1895:Microtonal
1867:techniques
1865:Genres and
1813:Stravinsky
1773:Skalkottas
1678:Schoenberg
1545:Xochipilli
1392:Symphonies
892:, 230–231.
844:, 230–236.
771:References
612:RCA Victor
606:Recordings
476:Stravinsky
312:, and the
262:, then to
175:Paul Dukas
157:After the
133:Guanajuato
2528:Biography
2314:Slovakia
2291:César Cui
1955:Serialism
1875:Atonality
1803:Prokofiev
1646:Composers
1449:Concertos
1250:(cloth);
1020:Interlude
962:Buja 2017
592:Discovery
544:Sophocles
448:Pirámides
435:, 1925),
421:, 1924),
411:, 1923),
404:Polígonos
363:juvenilia
329:Discovery
252:Boccaccio
129:Michoacán
88:Biography
68:conductor
2409:Americas
2281:The Five
2257:Romania
2192:Hungary
2177:Germany
2147:Finland
2137:Estonia
2122:Denmark
2032:Category
1965:Spectral
1890:Futurism
1824:Americas
1808:Scriabin
1779:Hungary
1754:Germany
1738:Messiaen
1733:Koechlin
1709:Finland
1699:Czechia
1693:Pousseur
1689:Belgium
1659:Austria
1589:Category
1492:Soli III
1131:. 1945.
1058:. 1960.
976:, 55–84.
952:, 49–51.
856:, 25–26.
742:See also
703:Huapango
594:(1969),
590:(1967),
586:(1964),
572:Soli III
539:Antigone
522:concerto
518:symphony
488:huapango
480:sandunga
453:Pyramids
419:Hexagons
414:Exágonos
409:Polygons
367:Romantic
340:Coyoacán
169:themes.
125:Tlaxcala
64:composer
28:In this
2514:Portals
2455:Mexico
2445:Canada
2425:Brazil
2364:Sweden
2267:Russia
2237:Poland
2227:Norway
2162:France
2017: ←
1945:Process
1834:Antheil
1799:Russia
1789:Poland
1769:Greece
1763:Strauss
1743:Milhaud
1728:Jolivet
1719:France
1713:Bergman
1533:Tambuco
1499:Soli IV
1485:Soli II
1295:of the
1291:in the
1208:(set);
1025:14 June
1007:Sources
600:Initium
576:Soli IV
568:Soli II
514:quartet
492:foxtrot
438:Espiral
428:Energía
369:, with
187:Spanish
144:Gladios
102:criollo
42:Ramírez
34:surname
2334:Spain
2207:Italy
2091:Europe
2042:Portal
1844:Cowell
1839:Carter
1783:Bartók
1748:Varèse
1683:Webern
1673:Mahler
1668:Krenek
1653:Europe
1478:Soli I
1254:
1246:
1231:
1212:
1204:
1189:
1177:
1100:
1083:
1066:
1046:
940:, 231.
916:, 171.
762:, and
638:, and
588:Elatio
552:Soli I
520:, and
510:sonata
490:, and
443:Spiral
433:Energy
137:Oaxaca
114:plough
55:(1937)
38:Chávez
1920:Noise
1758:Reger
1723:Henry
1349:Opera
1274:IRCAM
1198:Obras
988:, 84.
880:, 40.
868:, 26.
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