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rise to damaging cultural eclecticism and levelling. Addressing political leaders, Benedict says that "The primary capital to be safeguarded is man" and suggests that reducing prolonged unemployment should be a high priority as it causes "great psychological and spiritual suffering". He goes on to discuss the suffering caused in the underdeveloped world by food shortages, saying that to feed the hungry is an ethical imperative. The Pope considers a number of trends harmful to development: the prevalence of corruption in both poor and rich countries, the existence of harmful speculative capital flows, the tendency for development aid to be "diverted from it proper ends due to irresponsible actions", the "unregulated exploitation of the earths resources", and "on the part of rich countries there is excessive zeal for protecting knowledge through an unduly rigid assertion of the right to intellectual property, especially in the field of healthcare". While acknowledging that organized religion is not always an entirely positive influence, the Pope warns of the danger of state imposed atheism, which he says deprives citizens of the moral and spiritual strength needed for genuine development and to respond generously to divine love. He emphasizes that successfully resolving the various global challenges will need Love as well as knowledge and quotes
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are promoted by public authorities even when they are harmful, such as the "right to excess" or to choose vice. This can lead to the whole notion of rights being weakened and even core rights being violated. Benedict argues that core rights are safest when everyone accepts they have a duty to respect other people's development and rights. The Pope turns to duties of governments, which should strive to look after the deep moral needs of their citizens and to promote ethical economic systems where actors look to maximize not just profits but also the common good. The last part of the chapter is about the duty to protect the environment, though the Pope also warns that nature should not be regarded as more important than man. He regrets the way "some states, power groups and companies hoard non–renewable energy resources" which he says "represents a grave obstacle to development in poor countries". Benedict notes the importance for developed countries to take the lead in reducing their own environmental impact, which may involve in the adoption of new, more environmentally friendly life styles for their populations.
971:, illustrating how it fits in both with Pope Paul VI's overall magisterium and with the broader tradition of Catholic teachings. Benedict recounts how the earlier encyclical taught that institutions designed to hasten social development are not by themselves sufficient to ensure good outcomes. He reminds us that Paul VI advised the chief causes of enduring poverty are not material in nature, but lie in failures of the will and "the lack of brotherhood among individuals and peoples". He asserts that people working for the benefit of others need their own individual sense of vocation, which is derived in part from the Bible and the life of Christ. Benedict states that while reason alone can identify inequality and while globalization has made us neighbours, neither can establish the sense of fraternity which flows from God's love. The Pope introduces a theme concerning the importance in tackling
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good corresponding to the real needs of our neighbours, the more effectively we love them". The Pope emphasizes that while charity is "at the heart of the Church's social doctrine", it must be linked to truth if it is to remain a force for good. Without truth, love can become an "empty shell" to be filled with emotional influences which in the worst case can result in love turning into its opposite. Similarly, social action without truth can end up "serving private interests and the logic of power". Another risk for the individual without truth is to fall prey to an excessively sceptical and empirical view of life. The Pope pays tribute to
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abortion, eugenics and euthanasia are morally hazardous and that accepting them can lead to greater tolerance for various forms of moral degradation. He turns to another consequence of the technocratic mindset, the viewing of people's personalities in purely psychological terms at the exclusion of the spiritual, which he says can lead to people feeling empty and abandoned even in prosperous societies. Benedict says there is something miraculous in every act of knowledge. Love which is so essential to human development can not be fully appreciated from a materialistic perspective, but only with awareness of the spiritual dimension.
1009:, Benedict argues against a market economy where economic agents act purely out of self-interest — he says that commercial logic alone cannot solve all of society's problems. The Pope states there is both a moral and economic case to conclude that "in commercial relationships the principles of gratuitousness and the logic of gift as an expression of gratuitousness can and must find their place within normal economic activity". He argues that giving fosters a sense of justice, responsibly and sense of the common good amongst different economic actors. The Pope emphasizes the call in
1047:— "the most effective antidote against any form of all-encompassing welfare state". While welcoming the role of different cultures and faiths in fostering cooperation for human development, the Pope advises discernment is needed so folk can avoid dangerous ideologies and religions that encourage people to cut themselves off from communion with others. He says religion must play a part in political discussion, so there can be a fruitful dialogue between faith and reason. The Pope cautions against secularism and fundamentalism, both of which make such dialogue difficult.
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this delay, much attention was given to a 1985 essay presented in Rome by
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everlasting truth is essentially open to such an endeavor. Were this not true, each encyclical would speak only to the men and women of its time. Present in the Church's social doctrine is an inexhaustible and irreducible element of prophecy bestowed upon it by the Gospel. Christ is ever timely, and let us not forget that the social doctrine of the Church is "announcement of Christ".
1349:. Beattie points out that the church's high ideals "fail to distinguish between the good, the not so good and the downright bad, so that everything short of perfection stands equally condemned". She also deplores the encyclical's "apparent indifference to the suffering of sexual bodies", writing that
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In
December 2008, a release was announced for 19 March 2009. One month later, a 1 May release date was announced. These third and fourth delays were reported by Vatican officials to be due to the necessity for further reflection upon the global economic concerns of late 2008 and early 2009. Regarding
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To manage the global economy; to revive economies hit by the crisis; to avoid any deterioration of the present crisis and the greater imbalances that would result ... there is urgent need of a true world political authority ... would have to have the authority to ensure compliance with its decisions
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It therefore becomes clear that the "timeliness" of SDC stems not only from the new facts humanity has to deal with, but from the Gospel itself, which, insofar as Word incarnate, is always new. New facts and developments in history can act as a stimulus for a re-reading of everlasting truth, because
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Moving on to economic aid from developed to less developed states, Benedict explains that the preeminent sort of help needed is increased access to the markets of developed countries. He also says developed countries should allocate an increased proportion of their budgets to foreign aid. There is a
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The "timeliness" of an encyclical does not merely depend on the new social problems or issues it addresses. Were this the case, establishing the timeliness of
Benedict XVI's upcoming social encyclical would merely be a question of listing the social issues it tackles and then checking which and how
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Here the Pope dwells at length on the concept that rights must be linked to duties and that the latter should take precedence over the former. Too much focus on one's own rights can lead people to believing they owe nothing to anyone but themselves, to making insistent demands that one's own rights
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Benedict warns of dangers arising from unbalanced growth and from those pursuing profit purely for its own sake, without seeing profit as a means to do good. He discusses increasing inequality, including new groups of poor emerging even in rich nations. The pope says globalization has in part given
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The Pope describes globalization as the main feature of the current age. While acknowledging the great benefits delivered, including the emergence from underdevelopment of whole regions and nations, the Pope warns globalization has already created many new problems and that without the influence of
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The encyclical begins with a discussion of how charity and truth are fundamental parts of our development, both as individuals and for humanity as a whole. Love (charity) is described as an extraordinary force motivating people to strive for the common good: "The more we strive to secure a common
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In this chapter, Benedict discusses the importance for individuals to live in communion with each other. He states "the development of peoples depends above all on a recognition that the human race is a single family". The Pope suggests isolation is one of the causes of various forms of poverty,
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It makes no mention of HIV/Aids and it is silent on questions of maternal mortality and women's reproductive health, despite the fact that an estimated 536,000 women die every year from causes relating to pregnancy and childbirth, 99 per cent of them in developing countries. These are startling
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The encyclical is concerned with the problems of global development and progress towards the common good, arguing that both Love and Truth are essential elements of an effective response. The work is addressed to all strata of global society – there are specific points aimed at political
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The Pope praises the benefits of technology but warns that a purely technocrat mindset where decisions are made only on grounds of efficiency will not deliver true development. Technical decisions must not be divorced from ethics. Benedict discusses bioethics and states that practices such as
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and to the "epoch-making" phenomena of migration — Benedict reminds us that every migrant is a person possessing inalienable rights "that must be respected by everyone and in every circumstance". In the last part of the chapter, the Pope returns to poverty, discussing the great harm caused by
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The third chapter calls for an "economy of gratuitousness and fraternity", discussing how giving and receiving gift reflects God's nature and how it helps builds communities. Benedict states civil society is the most natural setting for gratuitousness, but that gratuity is also needed in the
1198:("Love in Truth") – is about 100 pages long, the official said. Originally planned for 2007 to mark the 40th anniversary of Pope Paul VI's landmark social encyclical Populorum Progressio, the new papal document suffered a succession of delays as the current global economic crisis unfolded.
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including self-inflicted isolation where the individual elects to withdraw from society. Solidarity and fraternity are antidotes to isolation, and also essential for effective development. The Pope suggests that in addition to solidarity, attention needs to be paid to the principle of
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in calling for people to strive for greater development with all their hearts and minds. He says the
Christian is called on to engage politically for the benefit of other people in so far as he or she is able, and equally to love and help their neighbours on an individual level.
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The Pope reiterates his belief that charity and truth are essential for integral human development, both for the individual and for peoples. An awareness of God's love "gives us the courage to continue seeking and working for the benefit of all" despite not reaching is in
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The work has also attracted criticism. Secularists in Italy did not appreciate intervention by the Pope in worldly affairs. Catholic capitalists have been disturbed by some of the left-leaning themes and the call for a stronger world political authority. Writing for
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for the creation of a market model where "all will be able to give and receive". He states everyone, including business managers and investors, should base their decisions partly on an awareness of how their actions will affect progress towards global solidarity.
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in Rome, cardinal Renato
Martino, president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, said that Pope Benedict XVI's third encyclical "on globalization and the poor" is expected to be released 29 June 2009 – the feast of Saints Peter and Paul.
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A final draft was produced for translation in March 2008. Translation difficulties caused further delays in publication. It was reported that the translation hold was related to one of the major languages of China. Vatican
Secretary of State
1114:: "Charity in truth, to which Jesus Christ bore witness by his earthly life and especially by his death and resurrection, is the principal driving force behind the authentic development of every person and of all humanity."—first sentence of
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unemployment, and how the issue can be responded to not just by government but by financiers, microfinance, labour unions and consumers. He suggests increased "regulation of the financial sector" is needed to safeguard vulnerable parties.
898:, though a simplistic polarization of the free market model versus interventionist big government solutions is rejected. There is emphasis on the need for the actions of all economic actors to be informed by ethics as well as the
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In addition to political leaders, the encyclical has sparked much discussion among senior business leaders and bankers – for example at a private seminar held in London and devoted to discussing the relevance of
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world. The conclusion ends with a prayer to the Virgin Mary to intercede with God that all may be granted strength and generosity for the task of bringing about the "development of the whole man and of all men".
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1245:, welcomed the work, saying "Pope Benedict has encouraged the state leaders to create rules so that this sort of worldwide economic crisis isn't repeated", and "I also saw this as an order to work toward a
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praised the encyclical for its insightful comments on the economic crises. But she went on to suggest the
Catholic idealization of sexuality hinted at in the encyclical may be part of the cause of
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876:, and his only social encyclical. It was signed on 29 June 2009 and was published on 7 July 2009. It was initially published in Italian, English, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish.
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1234:, as the Vatican had planned. The summit resulted in a reported additional US$ 5 billion being allocated to combat hunger, which was one of the principal problems dealt with by the encyclical.
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Pope
Benedict XVI has completed his long-awaited encyclical on social issues and the text is now being translated into several languages, according to a Vatican official. The new document –
1949:
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was an 1891 encyclical widely recognized for its progressive social impact, such as advocacy of workers right to form unions and the duty for employers to pay them a liveable wage.
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many of them were not touched upon in previous encyclicals. That, however, is not the way it is, for the simple reason that a social encyclical is not a sociological investigation.
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can be translated as either love or charity; when the Pope uses the word charity in the encyclical it is always employed at least partly in the old fashioned sense meaning love.
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996:: "the individual who is animated by true charity labours skilfully to discover the causes of misery, to find the means to combat it, to overcome it resolutely".
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2013:
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does not offer specific technical solutions, but rather moral principles to inform the building of such solutions. The economic themes include an attack on
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2197:. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice. Vol. 37. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 107–127.
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2193:(2014). "Subsidiarity and the Reform of the Welfare of the Nation State". In Evans, Michelle; Zimmermann, Augusto (eds.).
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A view of the mountains by
Lorenzago, where Benedict first drafted the encyclical while on holiday at his private retreat
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John Thavis, Catholic News
Service, "'Love in Truth': Honing the idea that charity is litmus test of faith"
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charity and truth, it could cause "unprecedented damage and create new divisions within the human family".
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The Crisis of Global Capitalism: Pope Benedict XVI's Social Encyclical and the Future of Political Economy
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Papal Economics: The Catholic Church on Democratic Capitalism, from Rerum Novarum to Caritas in Veritate
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On 1 February 2009 it was announced that the encyclical would be released sometime in April 2009.
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979:: "the peoples in hunger are making a dramatic appeal to the peoples blessed with abundance".
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Article by John L Allen Jr "Econ encyclical 'more on ethics than structure'" March 05, 2009
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has been welcomed by Catholics, by Protestants, by Muslims, and by secular sources such as
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contains detailed reflection on economic and social issues. The Pope points out that the
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The encyclical is divided into six chapters, along with an introduction and conclusion.
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The chapter ends with a call for an establishment of an effective global authority
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of its day". Benedict goes on to recognize he is echoing the principal theme of
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Latkovic, Mark S. (2010). "Caritas in Veritate". In Fastiggi, Robert L. (ed.).
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1984:"Pope Benedict XVI Calls for New Economic System Based on Love in G8 Message"
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1742:. Verona, Italy: Cardinal Van Thuân International Observatory. Archived from
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2122:: Economic Activity as Personal Encounter and the Economy of Gratuitousness"
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On 28 May 2009 an unnamed Vatican official is reported to have said that
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said that the encyclical would be released sometime in the Fall of 2008.
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2280:"Church and Economy: Responsibility for the Future of the World Economy"
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child abuse scandals that have recently gained much attention in Ireland
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Chapter 4: The development of people, rights and duties, the environment
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Church, State, and Society: An Introduction to Catholic Social Doctrine
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List of Pope Benedict XVI encyclicals on the Vatican website in English
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but the work as a whole is also addressed to all people of good will.
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Solidarity: The Journal of Catholic Social Thought and Secular Ethics
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reported the final publication had been delayed to coincide with the
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2293:(3). Translated by Wentworth Arndt, Stephen: 199–204. Archived from
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902:. Other areas discussed include hunger, the environment, migration,
2156:. Vol. 1. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale. pp. 208–210.
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On 23 April 2009, during a conference on globalization held at the
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The encyclical was drafted during Benedict's July 2007 holiday at
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Following St. Francis: John Paul II's Call for Ecological Action
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reported that the encyclical helped influence discussion at the
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Osservatorio Internazionale: sulla dottrina sociale della Chiesa
1950:"Italian Muslims Approve Pope's Encyclical Caritas in Veritate"
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operations of the State and the Market. With reference to the
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leaders, business leaders, religious leaders, financiers, and
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Born Joseph Alois Ratzinger, 16 April 1927 – 31 December 2022
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Doing The Truth In Love: An Evangelical Call for Response to
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Chapter 3: Fraternity, economic development and civil society
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Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
2034:"Church's Idealisation of Sexuality May Be Root of Abuse"
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The title of the document reverses the commonly repeated
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The Pope wishes to see reform and strengthening of the
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Summary of the encyclical by the Vatican Press Office.
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From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration
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Hard copies of the encyclical have been published by
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which reoccurs later in the work, using a quote from
2071:. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
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Chapter 6: The development of peoples and technology
868:(English: "Charity in truth") is the third and last
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Documents of the Catholic Social Teaching tradition
1712:. Innovative Media. 1 February 2009. Archived from
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1473:
1202:On the day of the actual release, 7 July 2009, the
1925:. Innovative Media. 28 August 2009. Archived from
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1829:"Pope Calls for a 'Global Authority' on Economy"
1129:mountains and was inspired in part by Paul VI's
2870:His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI
2098:. Abingdon, England: Routledge. pp. 97ff.
2096:Pope Benedict XVI and the Politics of Modernity
2090: (2014). "Three Themes in Benedict XVI's
1137:40th anniversary, but publication was delayed.
75:Integral human development in charity and truth
2362:Full text of the encyclical in other languages
2024:
2022:
1765:
1763:
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1681:"Peace Czar Cardinal Renato Martino Statement"
1027:Chapter 5: The cooperation of the human family
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2260:. Cambridge, England: James Clarke & Co.
1133:. It was originally planned for 2007 to mark
1051:discussion concerning an ethical response to
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1919:"68 Protestant Leaders Applaud Encyclical"
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2154:New Catholic Encyclopedia Supplement 2010
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2416:, Not Your Father's Social Encyclical,"
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2014:Laudato si': On Care for our Common Home
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1706:"Awaiting Benedict XVI's 3rd Encyclical"
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983:Chapter 2: Human development in our time
2287:Communio: International Catholic Review
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1799:"G8 to Commit $ 20bn for Food Security"
1796:
1772:"Pope Condemns Capitalism's 'Failures'"
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2383:Web Archives (archived 2008-12-10)
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1155:Commenting upon the repeated delay of
967:Chapter 1 continues the discussion of
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1853:Mychasuk, Emiliya (24 October 2009).
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1653:. London. 28 May 2009. Archived from
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16:2009 encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI
2757:Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life
2232:. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books.
2195:Global Perspectives on Subsidiarity
1880:MacPartlin, Brendan (7 July 2009).
1103:Preparation and publication delays
185:Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life
13:
2524:
2516:
2412:Webeditorial by Tobias Winright, "
2248:
1647:"Pope's Encyclical 'Almost Ready'"
1327:, makes a number of references to
14:
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1948:Heneghan, Tom (28 October 2009).
1619:"Populorum Progressio, Part Deux"
918:, energy, and population issues.
2907:
2725:On the Church in the Middle East
1827:Pullella, Philip (7 July 2007).
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2175:. New York: Rizzoli Ex Libris.
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442:Social teachings of the papacy
34:for 'Charity in truth'
1:
2319:and Catholic Social Doctrine"
2094:". In Guerra, Marc D. (ed.).
1797:Dinmore, Guy (10 July 2009).
1423:
1265:, attended by guests such as
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1074:international monetary system
1007:financial crisis of 2007–2008
945:, which he describes as the "
2743:Introduction to Christianity
2604:Introduction to Christianity
2313:Williams, Thomas D. (2010).
2171:Lorbiecki, Marybeth (2014).
1770:Dinmore, Guy (7 July 2009).
1428:
178:Introduction to Christianity
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921:
10:
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2828:United Kingdom state visit
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2329:(1): 45–66. Archived from
1321:' 2015 encyclical letter,
960:Chapter 1: The message of
896:free-market fundamentalism
209:Jesus of Nazareth series:
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2764:The Spirit of the Liturgy
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2720:Ecclesia in Medio Oriente
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2315:"Ever Ancient, Ever New:
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237:The Spirit of the Liturgy
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2040:. Dublin. Archived from
1990:. London. Archived from
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676:Sollicitudo rei socialis
407:Catholic social teaching
2713:On the Church in Africa
2701:On the Word of the Lord
2256:Pabst, Adrian (2012) .
2016:, published 24 May 2015
2890:(2014 television film)
2887:Secrets of the Vatican
2797:The Infancy Narratives
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2521:
2387:Critique of Capitalism
2228:Zięba, Maciej (2013).
1685:Whispers in the Loggia
1623:Whispers in the Loggia
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1135:Populorum progressio's
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1039:
827:Catholicism portal
778:René de La Tour du Pin
598:Second Vatican Council
356:Catholicism portal
263:Second Vatican Council
228:The Infancy Narratives
25:
2864:Vatican leaks scandal
2684:Sacramentum caritatis
2528:
2520:
1882:"Caritas in Veritate"
1351:
1255:
1247:social market economy
1192:
1169:
1110:
1061:
1053:international tourism
1034:
463:Tranquillitas ordinis
2939:2009 in Christianity
2859:Ratzinger Foundation
2750:The Ratzinger Report
2654:In Hope We Are Saved
2597:The Supreme Pontiffs
1679:(22 December 2008).
1216:Reception and impact
1131:Populorum progressio
1011:Populorum progressio
994:Populorum progressio
977:Populorum progressio
969:Populorum progressio
962:Populorum progressio
953:Populorum progressio
942:Populorum progressio
645:Populorum progressio
638:Octogesima adveniens
516:Mit brennender Sorge
199:The Ratzinger Report
63:Signature date
2771:Truth and Tolerance
2661:Caritas in veritate
2592:Summorum Pontificum
2498:2005 papal conclave
2414:Caritas in Veritate
2406:Caritas In Veritate
2398:Caritas in veritate
2381:Library of Congress
2356:Caritas in veritate
2317:Caritas in Veritate
2120:Caritas in Veritate
2092:Caritas in veritate
2032:(3 November 2009).
1929:on 4 September 2009
1738:(21 January 2009).
1736:Crepaldi, Giampaolo
1592:, pp. 173–174.
1564:, pp. 104–128.
1470:, pp. 208–209.
1378:veritas in caritate
1371:, "truth in love" (
1329:Caritas in veritate
1309:Caritas in veritate
1263:Caritas in veritate
1228:July 2009 G8 Summit
1196:Caritas in Veritate
1163:, president of the
1157:Caritas in veritate
1123:Lorenzago di Cadore
1116:Caritas in veritate
939:'s 1967 encyclical
912:cultural relativism
888:Caritas in veritate
865:Caritas in veritate
714:Caritas in veritate
523:Non abbiamo bisogno
312:Caritas in veritate
192:Truth and Tolerance
26:Caritas in veritate
2913:Catholicism Portal
2530:
2522:
2420:, January 06, 2010
2418:Political Theology
2333:on 1 December 2017
1960:on 7 November 2009
1855:"Money and Morals"
1617:(13 August 2007).
1258:
1243:Richard Williamson
1210:G8 summit in Italy
1161:Giampaolo Crepaldi
1119:
1040:
607:Dignitatis humanae
509:Divini redemptoris
205:Regensburg lecture
2954:Papal encyclicals
2919:
2918:
2777:Jesus of Nazareth
2543:Cardinals created
2508:Death and funeral
2461:Pope Benedict XVI
2276:Ratzinger, Joseph
2267:978-0-227-68016-2
2239:978-1-61017-091-8
2212:978-94-017-8810-6
2191:Sirico, Robert A.
2182:978-0-8478-4273-5
2163:978-1-4144-7589-9
2105:978-0-415-63714-5
2078:978-0-8132-1923-3
1236:German Chancellor
1064:from all parties.
916:social solidarity
874:Pope Benedict XVI
861:
860:
773:Gaspard Mermillod
738:Evangelii gaudium
705:Pope Benedict XVI
660:Pope John Paul II
576:Mater et magistra
530:Quadragesimo anno
392:
391:
284:Magisterial works
214:Jesus of Nazareth
154:Pope Benedict XVI
137:
136:
48:
35:
2961:
2911:
2837:Related articles
2689:On the Eucharist
2666:Charity in Truth
2637:Deus caritas est
2558:Saints canonized
2553:People beatified
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2017:
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1956:. Archived from
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1287:Sir Win Bischoff
1143:Tarcisio Bertone
853:
846:
839:
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808:G. K. Chesterton
798:Joseph Bernardin
690:Evangelium vitae
683:Centesimus annus
669:Laborem exercens
553:Social teachings
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2487:Georg Ratzinger
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2249:Further reading
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2114:Franklin, James
2106:
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1982:(7 July 2009).
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1795:
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1768:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1746:on 3 March 2009
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1657:on 15 July 2011
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1600:
1596:
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1576:, p. 220;
1572:
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1548:, p. 457;
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1338:The Irish Times
1303:Helen Alexander
1249:in the world".
1223:Financial Times
1218:
1205:Financial Times
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614:Gaudium et spes
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583:Pacem in terris
569:
567:Pope John XXIII
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2934:2009 documents
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2585:The Lord Jesus
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2348:External links
2346:
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2300:on 15 May 2013
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2044:on 2 July 2017
2018:
2012:Pope Francis,
2005:
1994:on 31 May 2010
1980:Gledhill, Ruth
1971:
1940:
1910:
1898:
1886:Thinking Faith
1872:
1845:
1816:
1789:
1757:
1727:
1716:on 13 May 2009
1697:
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1635:
1606:
1604:, p. 222.
1594:
1582:
1580:, p. 108.
1566:
1562:Lorbiecki 2014
1554:
1552:, p. 104.
1535:
1533:, p. 173.
1523:
1511:
1509:, p. 454.
1499:
1497:, p. 169.
1487:
1485:, p. 170.
1472:
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1458:, p. 208.
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1383:Ephesians 4:15
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1295:Lord Griffiths
1293:vice-chairman
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1070:United Nations
1037:Ignatius Press
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904:sexual tourism
859:
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800:
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783:Heinrich Pesch
780:
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752:Fratelli tutti
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2895:The Two Popes
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2708:Africae munus
2705:
2702:
2698:
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2696:Verbum Domini
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2580:Dominus Iesus
2577:
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2425:
2424:archive.today
2421:
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2408:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2396:Symposium on
2395:
2391:
2389:July 13, 2009
2388:
2385:
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2357:
2354:Full Text of
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2135:
2132:(1). Art. 1.
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2111:
2107:
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2080:
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2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:Beattie, Tina
2025:
2023:
2015:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1906:Franklin 2011
1902:
1887:
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1849:
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1598:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1574:Latkovic 2010
1570:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1550:Benestad 2014
1547:
1546:Benestad 2011
1542:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1519:Franklin 2011
1515:
1508:
1507:Benestad 2011
1503:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1468:Latkovic 2010
1464:
1457:
1456:Latkovic 2010
1452:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1415:
1414:Rerum novarum
1410:
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1394:
1386:
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1355:
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1344:
1341:, theologian
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1291:Goldman Sachs
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:Stephen Green
1276:
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1268:
1264:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
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1239:Angela Merkel
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948:Rerum novarum
944:
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927:
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913:
909:
905:
901:
900:profit motive
897:
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796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:Other figures
763:
762:
754:
753:
749:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
735:
734:
730:
725:
724:
716:
715:
711:
710:
706:
701:
700:
692:
691:
687:
685:
684:
680:
678:
677:
673:
671:
670:
666:
665:
661:
656:
655:
647:
646:
642:
640:
639:
635:
634:
630:
625:
624:
616:
615:
611:
609:
608:
604:
603:
599:
594:
593:
585:
584:
580:
578:
577:
573:
572:
568:
563:
562:
554:
551:
550:
546:
545:Pope Pius XII
541:
540:
532:
531:
527:
525:
524:
520:
518:
517:
513:
511:
510:
506:
505:
501:
496:
495:
487:
486:
485:Rerum novarum
482:
481:
477:
476:Pope Leo XIII
472:
471:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
437:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
416:
412:
411:
408:
405:
404:
400:
396:
395:
385:
380:
378:
373:
371:
366:
365:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
346:
345:
344:
335:
334:
330:
328:
327:
323:
321:
320:
316:
314:
313:
309:
308:
306:
302:
301:
300:Dominus Iesus
297:
296:
295:
291:
288:
287:
281:
280:
271:
270:
266:
265:
264:
261:
259:
258:
254:
253:
247:
246:
239:
238:
234:
230:
229:
225:
223:
222:
218:
216:
215:
211:
210:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:
196:
194:
193:
189:
187:
186:
182:
180:
179:
175:
174:
171:Private works
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
155:
150:
149:
145:
141:
140:
131:
130:
123:
122:
115:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
51:
47:
40:
33:
27:
22:
19:
2921:
2893:
2885:
2882:(2009 album)
2877:
2868:
2854:Coat of arms
2844:Bibliography
2795:
2788:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:Exhortations
2665:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2536:Acts as Pope
2417:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2394:First Things
2393:
2355:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:the original
2326:
2322:
2316:
2302:. Retrieved
2295:the original
2290:
2286:
2257:
2229:
2194:
2172:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2129:
2125:
2119:
2095:
2091:
2068:
2060:Bibliography
2046:. Retrieved
2042:the original
2037:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1987:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:the original
1953:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:the original
1922:
1913:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1858:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1807:. Retrieved
1802:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1775:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:the original
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:the original
1709:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:
1677:Palmo, Rocco
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1650:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1615:Palmo, Rocco
1609:
1597:
1585:
1569:
1557:
1526:
1521:, p. 1.
1514:
1502:
1490:
1463:
1436:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1362:
1352:
1343:Tina Beattie
1336:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1319:Pope Francis
1312:
1308:
1307:
1271:Marcus Agius
1262:
1259:
1221:
1219:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1115:
1112:Benedict XVI
1095:
1092:
1083:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1045:subsidiarity
1041:
1021:
1010:
1003:
993:
990:
986:
976:
968:
966:
961:
952:
946:
940:
937:Pope Paul VI
933:
930:Introduction
925:
887:
886:
882:aid agencies
878:
864:
863:
862:
793:Óscar Romero
750:
743:
736:
729:Pope Francis
713:
712:
688:
681:
674:
667:
643:
636:
629:Pope Paul VI
612:
605:
581:
574:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:Pope Pius XI
483:
461:
457:Subsidiarity
447:Distributism
331:
324:
317:
311:
310:
298:
267:
255:
235:
227:
220:
213:
197:
190:
183:
176:
127:
119:
67:29 June 2009
45:Benedict XVI
18:
2898:(2019 film)
2642:God Is Love
2629:Encyclicals
2503:Resignation
2337:26 November
2323:Alpha Omega
2304:26 November
2143:26 November
2048:15 November
1964:15 November
1933:15 November
1891:15 November
1865:15 November
1838:15 November
1809:15 November
1661:26 November
1578:Sirico 2014
1324:Laudato si'
1125:in Italy's
788:Dorothy Day
745:Laudato si'
333:Lumen fidei
152:Theology of
129:Lumen fidei
2928:Categories
2879:Alma Mater
2849:Ceremonial
2482:Early life
1651:The Tablet
1602:Zięba 2013
1590:Zięba 2013
1531:Zięba 2013
1495:Zięba 2013
1483:Zięba 2013
1424:References
1367:phrase on
1354:omissions.
1089:Conclusion
870:encyclical
452:Solidarity
108:In English
39:Encyclical
2790:Holy Week
2649:Spe salvi
2610:Ecumenism
2489:(brother)
2475:Biography
2221:1534-6781
2138:1839-0366
1988:The Times
1429:Footnotes
1314:The Times
1301:chairman
1285:chairman
1277:chairman
1269:chairman
908:bioethics
319:Spe salvi
250:Movements
221:Holy Week
121:Spe salvi
2574:Theology
2567:Theology
2278:(1986).
2116:(2011).
1861:. London
1805:. London
1778:. London
1750:24 April
1720:24 April
1690:26 April
1628:23 April
1369:civility
1267:Barclays
1127:Dolomite
1072:and the
922:Synopsis
433:Overview
425:Holy See
399:a series
397:Part of
257:Communio
144:a series
142:Part of
103:In Latin
2809:Travels
2615:Judaism
2379:at the
1954:Reuters
1833:Reuters
1402:Caritas
1365:Pauline
1283:Lloyd's
423:of the
292:of the
290:Prefect
269:Peritus
132: →
125:
118:←
72:Subject
2264:
2236:
2219:
2209:
2179:
2160:
2136:
2102:
2086:
2075:
1998:7 July
1782:7 July
1381:, see
973:hunger
892:church
421:Emblem
146:on the
88:Number
2735:Books
2620:Islam
2298:(PDF)
2283:(PDF)
1923:Zenit
1710:Zenit
1389:Notes
1373:Latin
1359:Title
1232:Italy
80:Pages
43:Pope
32:Latin
2339:2017
2306:2017
2262:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2217:ISSN
2207:ISBN
2177:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2145:2017
2134:ISSN
2100:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2050:2009
2000:2009
1966:2009
1935:2009
1893:2009
1867:2009
1840:2009
1811:2009
1784:2009
1752:2009
1722:2009
1692:2009
1663:2017
1630:2009
1297:and
1275:HSBC
1220:The
1096:this
96:Text
2422:at
2199:doi
2088:———
1385:).
1299:CBI
1230:in
872:of
294:CDF
83:127
41:of
2930::
2327:13
2325:.
2321:.
2291:13
2289:.
2285:.
2215:.
2205:.
2128:.
2124:.
2036:.
2021:^
1986:.
1952:.
1921:.
1884:.
1857:.
1831:.
1819:^
1801:.
1774:.
1760:^
1708:.
1683:.
1649:.
1638:^
1621:.
1538:^
1475:^
1448:^
1375::
1331:.
1317:.
1305:.
1289:,
1281:,
1273:,
1212:.
1159:,
914:,
910:,
906:,
401:on
2727:)
2723:(
2715:)
2711:(
2703:)
2699:(
2691:)
2687:(
2668:)
2664:(
2656:)
2652:(
2644:)
2640:(
2599:)
2595:(
2587:)
2583:(
2453:e
2446:t
2439:v
2341:.
2308:.
2270:.
2242:.
2223:.
2201::
2185:.
2166:.
2147:.
2130:1
2118:"
2108:.
2081:.
2052:.
2002:.
1968:.
1937:.
1908:.
1895:.
1869:.
1842:.
1813:.
1786:.
1754:.
1724:.
1694:.
1665:.
1632:.
1443:.
852:e
845:t
838:v
383:e
376:t
369:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
