Cardiology - Knowledge

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Those who specialize in echo may spend a significant amount of their clinical time reading echos and performing transesophageal echo, in particular using the latter during procedures such as insertion of a left atrial appendage occlusion device. Transesophageal echo provides higher spatial resolution than trans thoracic echocardiography and because the probe is located in the esophagus, it is not limited by attenuation due to anterior chest structures such as the ribs, chest wall, breasts, lungs that can hinder the quality of trans thoracic echocardiography. It is generally indicated for a variety of indications including: when the standard transthoracic echocardiogram is non diagnostic, for detailed evaluation of abnormalities that are typically in the far field, such as the aorta, left atrial appendage, evaluation of native or prosthetic heart valves, evaluation of cardiac masses, evaluation of endocarditis, valvular abscesses, or for the evaluation of cardiac source of embolus. It is frequently used in the setting of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter to facilitate the clinical decision with regard to anticoagulation, cardioversion and/or radio frequency ablation.

1840: 2078:(DORV) is when both great arteries, the pulmonary artery and the aorta, are connected to the right ventricle. There is usually a VSD in different particular places depending on the variations of DORV, typically 50% are subaortic and 30%. The surgeries that can be done to fix this defect can vary due to the different physiology and blood flow in the defected heart. One way it can be cured is by a VSD closure and placing conduits to restart the blood flow between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Another way is systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt in cases associated with 49: 487:, adult congenital heart disease, and advanced heart failure and transplant cardiology. Cardiologists may further become certified in echocardiography by the National Board of Echocardiography, in nuclear cardiology by the Certification Board of Nuclear Cardiology, in cardiovascular computed tomography by the Certification Board of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography in cardiovascular MRI by the Certification Board of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Recognized subspecialties in the U.S. by the 836: 1333: 10650: 7670: 7700: 7710: 7690: 7680: 2095: 2685: 2013:. In 2013 they were present in 34.3 million people globally. They affect between 4 and 75 per 1,000 live births depending upon how they are diagnosed. About 6 to 19 per 1,000 cause a moderate to severe degree of problems. Congenital heart defects are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths. In 2013 they resulted in 323,000 deaths down from 366,000 deaths in 1990. 2127:

right ventricle pumping the blood into the aorta. This may not produce problems at the beginning, but will eventually due to the different pressures each ventricle uses to pump blood. Switching the left ventricle to be the systemic ventricle and the right ventricle to pump blood into the pulmonary artery can repair levo-transposition.

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mechanism, function, and performance of the electrical activities of the heart. Electrophysiologists work closely with other cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to assist or guide therapy for heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias). They are trained to perform interventional and surgical procedures to treat cardiac arrhythmia.

1750:. The effect of treatment for blood pressure between 140/90 mmHg and 160/100 mmHg is less clear, with some studies finding benefits while others do not. High blood pressure affects between 16% and 37% of the population globally. In 2010, hypertension was believed to have been a factor in 18% (9.4 million) deaths. 1105:

As the left and right coronary arteries run on the surface of the heart, they can be called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the heart muscle. These relatively narrow vessels

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to create images of the heart. It is used to evaluate and quantify cardiac size and function, valvular function, and can assist with diagnosis and treatment of conditions including heart failure, heart attack, valvular heart disease, congenital heart defects, pericardial disease, and aortic disease.

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According to the University of California, San Francisco, a comprehensive cardiac examination involves these three critical steps: inspection, palpation, and auscultation. This process helps in evaluating the heart's condition by first observing for visible signs, then feeling for abnormalities, and

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can also be done by rerouting the left ventricular outflow, dividing the pulmonary trunk, and placing a conduit in between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Levo-transposition happens in about 1 in 13,000 newborns and is characterized by the left ventricle pumping blood into the lungs and the

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and general physical examination to detect any cardiovascular diseases at an early age, while cardiac rehabilitation is the upcoming branch of cardiology which helps a person regain their overall strength and live a normal life after a cardiovascular event. A subspecialty of preventive cardiology is

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Giuseppe, Mancia; Fagard, R; Narkiewicz, K; Redon, J; Zanchetti, A; Bohm, M; Christiaens, T; Cifkova, R; De Backer, G; Dominiczak, A; Galderisi, M; Grobbee, DE; Jaarsma, T; Kirchhof, P; Kjeldsen, SE; Laurent, S; Manolis, AJ; Nilsson, PM; Ruilope, LM; Schmieder, RE; Sirnes, PA; Sleight, P; Viigimaa,

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As more children with congenital heart disease are surviving into adulthood, a hybrid of adult and pediatric cardiology has emerged called adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). This field can be entered as either adult or pediatric cardiology. ACHD specializes in congenital diseases in the setting

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Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment

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Cardiology is concerned with the normal functionality of the heart and the deviation from a healthy heart. Many disorders involve the heart itself, but some are outside of the heart and in the vascular system. Collectively, the two are jointly termed the cardiovascular system, and diseases of one

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Clinical cardiac electrophysiology is a branch of the medical specialty of cardiology and is concerned with the study and treatment of rhythm disorders of the heart. Cardiologists with expertise in this area are usually referred to as electrophysiologists. Electrophysiologists are trained in the

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occurs in about 13 per 10,000 people per year (326,000 cases). In hospital cardiac arrest occurs in an additional 209,000 Cardiac arrest becomes more common with age. It affects males more often than females. The percentage of people who survive with treatment is about 8%. Many who survive have

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that guide clinical treatment of cardiac diseases. While dozens are published every year, there are landmark trials that shift treatment significantly. Trials often have an acronym of the trial name, and this acronym is used to reference the trial and its results. Some of these landmark trials

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happens in 7–8 per 100,000 births and is characterized by the aorta branching out of the right ventricle. This causes the deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and enter the circulatory system. Surgeries can fix this by redirecting the aorta and fixing the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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of electrophysiology-study drug trials must be conducted to enable the cardiologist to select the one regimen for long-term treatment that best prevents or slows the development of VT or VF following PES. Such studies may also be conducted in the presence of a newly implanted or newly replaced

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burden at an early age. According to the WHO, 37% of all premature deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases and out of this, 82% are in low and middle income countries. Clinical cardiology is the sub specialty of cardiology which looks after preventive cardiology and cardiac rehabilitation.

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All cardiologists in the branch of medicine study the disorders of the heart, but the study of adult and child heart disorders each require different training pathways. Therefore, an adult cardiologist (often simply called "cardiologist") is inadequately trained to take care of children, and

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A relatively newer specialization of cardiology is in the field of heart failure and heart transplant. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that make it larger or stiffer, sometimes making the heart worse at pumping blood. Specialization of general cardiology to just that of the

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Similarly, Chamberlain University outlines that the cardiac examination starts with inspection to identify any visual anomalies, followed by palpation to assess physical findings such as thrills or heaves, and concludes with auscultation to detect any abnormal heart sounds like murmurs or

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is one condition in which the mechanical properties of the heart have failed or are failing, which means insufficient blood is being circulated. Failure to move a sufficient amount of blood through the body can cause damage or failure of other organs and may result in death if severe.

1370:, viral, or lifestyle-related. Key symptoms of cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats. Understanding the specific function of cardiac muscle is crucial, as the heart muscle's main role is to pump blood throughout the body efficiently. 1314:. The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the U.S. in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45. Rates are higher among men than women of a given age. 934: 610:

The training required to become an electrophysiologist is long and requires eight years after medical school (within the U.S.). Three years of internal medicine residency, three years of cardiology fellowship, and two years of clinical cardiac electrophysiology.

2114:, depending on where the chambers and vessels connect. Dextro-transposition happens in about 1 in 4,000 newborns and is when the right ventricle pumps blood into the aorta and deoxygenated blood enters the bloodstream. The temporary procedure is to create an 719:

based treatment of structural heart diseases. A large number of procedures can be performed on the heart by catheterization, including angiogram, angioplasty, atherectomy, and stent implantation. These procedures all involve insertion of a sheath into the

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Cardiac imaging includes echocardiography (echo), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and computed tomography of the heart. Those who specialize in cardiac imaging may undergo more training in all imaging modes or focus on a single imaging modality.

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is characterized by a right atrium that is significantly enlarged and a heart that is shaped like a box. This is very rare and happens in less than 1% of congenital heart disease cases. The surgical repair varies depending on the severity of the disease.

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Schenone AL, Cohen A, Patarroyo G, Harper L, Wang X, Shishehbor MH, Menon V, Duggal A (November 2016). "Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A systematic review/meta-analysis exploring the impact of expanded criteria and targeted temperature".

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is the cause of about half of deaths due to cardiovascular disease or about 15% of all deaths globally. About 80% of sudden cardiac death is the result of ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmias may occur at any age but are more common among older people.

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Lifestyle changes and medications can lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of health complications. Lifestyle changes include weight loss, decreased salt intake, physical exercise, and a healthy diet. If changes in lifestyle are insufficient,

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may be used. A regimen of up to three medications effectively controls blood pressure in 90% of people. The treatment of moderate to severe high arterial blood pressure (defined as >160/100 mmHg) with medication is associated with an improved

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are surgical procedures performed by surgeons, not cardiologists. Typically a cardiologist would first identify who is in need of cardiac surgery and refer them to a cardiac surgeon for the procedure. However, some invasive procedures such as

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Arrhythmia affects millions of people. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, atrial fibrillation affects about 2% to 3% of the population. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990.

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The coronary arteries are classified as "end circulation", since they represent the only source of blood supply to the myocardium; there is very little redundant blood supply, which is why blockage of these vessels can be so critical.

1725:(mmHg) systolic and 60–90 mmHg diastolic. High blood pressure is present if the resting blood pressure is persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg for most adults. Different numbers apply to children. When diagnosing high blood pressure, 6171: 6528:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 2142:

fails to split into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. This occurs in about 1 in 11,000 live births and allows both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood into the body. The repair consists of a VSD closure and the Rastelli procedure.

1086:(the myocardium). The vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. These include the 578:

typically measures the response of the injured or cardiomyopathic myocardium to PES on specific pharmacological regimens in order to assess the likelihood that the regimen will successfully prevent potentially fatal sustained

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Boden, WE; Franklin, B; Berra, K; Haskell, WL; Calfas, KJ; Zimmerman, FH; Wenger, NK (October 2014). "Exercise as a therapeutic intervention in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: an underfilled prescription".

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The main advantages of using the interventional cardiology or radiology approach are the avoidance of the scars and pain, and long post-operative recovery. Additionally, interventional cardiology procedure of primary

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that by definition has no identifiable cause. It is the most common type of hypertension, affecting 95% of hypertensive patients, it tends to be familial and is likely to be the consequence of an interaction between

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The heart is a muscle that squeezes blood and functions like a pump. The heart's systems can be classified as either electrical or mechanical, and both of these systems are susceptible to failure or dysfunction.

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Cardiac electrophysiology is the science of elucidating, diagnosing, and treating the electrical activities of the heart. The term is usually used to describe studies of such phenomena by invasive (intracardiac)

1510:. This later group may have more significant side effects especially if taken for a long period of time. Pacemakers are often used for slow heart rates. Those with an irregular heartbeat are often treated with 748:. The Cardiologist will thread this sheath through the vascular system to access the heart. This sheath has a balloon and a tiny wire mesh tube wrapped around it, and if the cardiologist finds a blockage or 475:, a three-year residency in internal medicine is followed by a three-year fellowship in cardiology. It is possible to specialize further in a sub-specialty. Recognized sub-specialties in the U.S. by the 5183:

Sundström, Johan; Arima, Hisatomi; Jackson, Rod; Turnbull, Fiona; Rahimi, Kazem; Chalmers, John; Woodward, Mark; Neal, Bruce (February 2015). "Effects of Blood Pressure Reduction in Mild Hypertension".

2777: 827:. Because heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world including United States (cdc.gov), national health campaigns and randomized control research has developed to improve heart health. 1811:

which is caused by an identifiable underlying secondary cause. It is much less common than essential hypertension, affecting only 5% of hypertensive patients. It has many different causes including

1487:. Arrhythmias may occur in children; however, the normal range for the heart rate is different and depends on age. A number of tests can help diagnose arrhythmia, including an electrocardiogram and 5219:

Xie, X; Atkins, E; Lv, J; Bennett, A; Neal, B; Ninomiya, T; Woodward, M; MacMahon, S; Turnbull, F; Hillis, GS; Chalmers, J; Mant, J; Salam, A; Rahimi, K; Perkovic, V; Rodgers, A (30 January 2016).

1928:, poor weight gain, and feeling tired. It does not cause chest pain. Most congenital heart problems do not occur with other diseases. Complications that can result from heart defects include 3485:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 1310:

globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990. The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in

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is usually used to fix the circulation. This procedure is done by placing a graft between the subclavian artery and the ipsilateral pulmonary artery to restore the correct blood flow.

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pediatric cardiologists are not trained to treat adult heart disease. Surgical aspects outside of cardiac rhythm device implant are not included in cardiology and are in the domain of

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Tracy RE, White S (February 2002). "A method for quantifying adrenocortical nodular hyperplasia at autopsy: some use of the method in illuminating hypertension and atherosclerosis".

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Pulmonary atresia with a ventricular septal defect: This type of pulmonary atresia happens when a ventricular septal defect allows blood to flow into and out of the right ventricle.

6083: 4656:"Part 4: Systems of Care and Continuous Quality Improvement: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care" 1789:, and individuals with relatively high blood pressure at younger ages are at increased risk for the subsequent development of hypertension. Hypertension can increase the risk of 6124: 2548: 971:) that have been encyclopedically documented for many centuries. The heart is located in the middle of the abdomen with its tip slightly towards the left side of the abdomen. 791:

A recent specialization of cardiology is that of cardiooncology. This area specializes in the cardiac management in those with cancer and in particular those with plans for

6007: 5009:"2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)" 2162:. To become a pediatric cardiologist in the U.S., one must complete a three-year residency in pediatrics, followed by a three-year fellowship in pediatric cardiology. Per 2118:. A permanent fix is more complicated and involves redirecting the pulmonary return to the right atrium and the systemic return to the left atrium, which is known as the 744:

is now the gold standard of care for an acute myocardial infarction. This procedure can also be done proactively, when areas of the vascular system become occluded from

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A congenital heart defect, also known as a "congenital heart anomaly" or "congenital heart disease", is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at

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where they experimented with dogs to look at how they would attempt to surgically cure these "blue babies". They eventually figured out how to do just that by the

752:, they can inflate the balloon at the occlusion site in the vascular system to flatten or compress the plaque against the vascular wall. Once that is complete a 1955:

in the mother. Having a parent with a congenital heart defect is also a risk factor. A number of genetic conditions are associated with heart defects including

1001:. While plenty is known about the healthy heart, the bulk of study in cardiology is in disorders of the heart and restoration, and where possible, of function. 8114: 1514:

to reduce the risk of complications. Those who have severe symptoms from an arrhythmia may receive urgent treatment with a jolt of electricity in the form of

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Cardiogeriatrics, or geriatric cardiology, is the branch of cardiology and geriatric medicine that deals with the cardiovascular disorders in elderly people.

9463: 1924:. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of problem. Symptoms can vary from none to life-threatening. When present they may include rapid breathing, 6217: 5692: 2781: 997:— and then back out to the body. This means that the heart is connected to and affects the entirety of the body. Simplified, the heart is a circuit of the 476: 4654:

Kronick SL, Kurz MC, Lin S, Edelson DP, Berg RA, Billi JE, Cabanas JG, Cone DC, Diercks DB, Foster JJ, Meeks RA, Travers AH, Welsford M (November 2015).

2200: 6692: 8107: 6727: 3650:(1st ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3–18. 6743:"Illustrated Imaging Essay on Congenital Heart Diseases: Multimodality Approach Part III: Cyanotic Heart Diseases and Complex Congenital Anomalies" 548:, assess risk of developing arrhythmias in the future, and design treatment. These procedures increasingly include therapeutic methods (typically 53:

Blood flow diagram of the human heart. Blue components indicate de-oxygenated blood pathways and red components indicate oxygenated blood pathways.

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is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long term high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for

4293: 4263: 1600:. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding no pulse. While a cardiac arrest may be caused by heart attack or heart failure these are not the same. 1114:

or myocardial infarction (a.k.a., a heart attack). The coronary arteries that run deep within the myocardium are referred to as subendocardial.

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James, PA.; Oparil, S.; Carter, BL.; Cushman, WC.; Dennison-Himmelfarb, C.; Handler, J.; Lackland, DT.; Lefevre, ML.; et al. (Dec 2013).

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Heart failure, or formally cardiomyopathy, is the impaired function of the heart, and there are numerous causes and forms of heart failure.

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pressures, which are the maximum and minimum pressures, respectively. Normal blood pressure when at rest is within the range of 100–140

1299:(CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve 10598: 9924: 9104: 7199: 4117: 2107: 1059:. The mechanical part is ultimately the purpose of the heart and many of the disorders of the heart disrupt the ability to move blood. 175: 4067:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC) (14 October 2011). "Prevalence of coronary heart disease—United States, 2006–2010".

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generated in the pacemaker propagate throughout the heart in a specific pattern. The system that carries this potential is called the

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of adult diseases (e.g., coronary artery disease, COPD, diabetes) that is, otherwise, atypical for adult or pediatric cardiology.

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Cardiac MRI utilizes special protocols to image heart structure and function with specific sequences for certain diseases such as

7139: 2734: 2032:. These two defects combined causes deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and going right back into the circulatory system. The 1472: 1212:

may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. The first sign is occasionally a heart attack. Other complications include

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Like all medical examinations, the cardiac examination follows the standard structure of inspection, palpation and auscultation.

568: 6329:. World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3, 60. 5221:"Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis" 3968:"Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study" 1603:

Prevention includes not smoking, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Treatment for cardiac arrest is immediate

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Musini, Vijaya M; Tejani, Aaron M; Bassett, Ken; Puil, Lorri; Wright, James M (2019-06-05). Cochrane Hypertension Group (ed.).

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Preventive cardiology also deals with routine preventive checkup though noninvasive tests, specifically electrocardiography,

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Insull W (January 2009). "The pathology of atherosclerosis: plaque development and plaque responses to medical treatment".

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that first described the closed circulatory system and whom Forssmann described as founding cardiology in his Nobel lecture

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Pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum: This type of pulmonary atresia is associated with complete and intact

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Cardiac CT utilizes special protocols to image heart structure and function with particular emphasis on coronary arteries.

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Safar ME, Jankowski P (February 2009). "Central blood pressure and hypertension: role in cardiovascular risk assessment".

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Charlson, FJ; Moran, AE; Freedman, G; Norman, RE; Stapelberg, NJ; Baxter, AJ; Vos, T; Whiteford, HA (26 November 2013).

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Cardiac arrhythmia, also known as "cardiac dysrhythmia" or "irregular heartbeat", is a group of conditions in which the

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The primary responsibility of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. It pumps blood from the body — called the

10543: 10219: 10124: 9627: 9458: 9072: 7575: 6917: 6247: 5722: 4732: 3876:"Coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs percutaneous interventions in coronary revascularization: a systematic review" 2103: 1292: 736:). This cannulation allows indirect access to the heart, bypassing the trauma caused by surgical opening of the chest. 669: 601: 492: 480: 10424: 9498: 6476: 4858: 4762: 4492: 3655: 3417: 2274: 1620: 1460: 1456: 537: 453: 4809:

Lackland, DT; Weber, MA (May 2015). "Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core".

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Desai, CS; Blumenthal, RS; Greenland, P (April 2014). "Screening low-risk individuals for coronary artery disease".

3673:"The contribution of major depression to the global burden of ischemic heart disease: a comparative risk assessment" 2086:

can be done to relieve hypoxemia caused by DORV with the Taussig-Bing anomaly while surgical correction is awaited.

9882: 9493: 7739: 5613: 5576: 2526:(1904–1979), who infamously performed the first human catheterization on himself that led to him being let go from 673: 3197: 1710:, and alcohol consumption. Hypertension can also be caused by other diseases, or occur as a side-effect of drugs. 10431: 10238: 9362: 9143: 2343: 2024:

is the most common congenital heart disease arising in 1–3 cases per 1,000 births. The cause of this defect is a

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and cardiovascular disease and can lead to a significant number of deaths: cardiovascular disease is the leading

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Moran, AE; Forouzanfar, MH; Roth, GA; Mensah, GA; Ezzati, M; Flaxman, A; Murray, CJ; Naghavi, M (8 April 2014).

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Most arrhythmias can be effectively treated. Treatments may include medications, medical procedures such as a

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and then three years of residency in cardiology are needed to be a D.M. (holder of a Doctorate of Medicine )/

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Agabiti-Rosei E (September 2008). "From macro- to microcirculation: benefits in hypertension and diabetes".

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White WB (May 2009). "Defining the problem of treating the patient with hypertension and arthritis pain".

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or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like

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M; Waeber, B; Zannad, F; Redon, J; Dominiczak, A; Narkiewicz, K; Nilsson, PM; et al. (July 2013).

4566: 4017:"The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study" 2616: 2328: 1935:

The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. Certain cases may be due to infections during

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Coronary artery disease, also known as "ischemic heart disease", is a group of diseases that includes:

9151: 4592: 3747: 2482:(1922–2001), cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant operation 1592:, and intense physical exercise. A number of inherited disorders may also increase the risk including 10485: 10375: 10178: 10129: 9919: 9682: 9379: 9347: 9274: 9001: 8516: 7598: 6497: 5108: 4301: 4271: 3852: 3722: 2665: 2508: 2264: 2052: 2025: 1972: 1774: 1738: 1248: 1025: 883: 855: 710: 526: 496: 484: 3966:

Moran, AE; Forouzanfar, MH; Roth, GA; Mensah, GA; Ezzati, M; Murray, CJ; Naghavi, M (8 April 2014).

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to certain food products. Some defects do not need treatment. Other may be effectively treated with

1420:. While most types of arrhythmia are not serious, some predispose a person to complications such as 10564: 10548: 10015: 9998: 9806: 9632: 9562: 9352: 9249: 9230: 9060: 8833: 8272: 7390: 7312: 7307: 7227: 6987: 4695: 4537: 2348: 1903: 1867:

since it is a risk factor for atherosclerosis itself. It is an independent predisposing factor for

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Wong, ND (May 2014). "Epidemiological studies of CHD and the evolution of preventive cardiology".

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is required. With appropriate treatment outcomes, even with complex problems, are generally good.

1639:. Many U.S. television shows, however, have portrayed unrealistically high survival rates of 67%. 10560: 10502: 10402: 10367: 10213: 9839: 9813: 9801: 9789: 9774: 9508: 9450: 9254: 9235: 8887: 8827: 8780: 8372: 8234: 8088: 8051: 7842: 7830: 7370: 7344: 6355: 4192: 4155: 3541: 2643: 2216: 1915: 1872: 1672: 1577: 1480: 1344: 1179: 1164: 1149: 580: 575: 549: 533: 449: 377: 373: 131: 6607: 2207:

can be ordered for further analysis. Electrophysiological procedures include electrocardiogram,

10606: 9428: 9394: 9337: 9315: 9137: 9119: 9055: 8922: 8875: 8803: 8597: 8435: 8229: 7837: 6962: 6910: 4722: 2424: 1804: 1763: 1759: 1692: 1444: 1205: 1099: 875: 810: 804: 774: 629: 440: 432: 410: 385: 334: 117: 5693:"The effect of antihypertensive drugs on carotid intima media thickness: an up-to-date review" 4928: 4752: 1008:

The electrical system of the heart is centered on the periodic contraction (squeezing) of the

648:, are common and are a major cause of mortality in elderly people. Vascular disorders such as 10637: 10441: 10362: 9192: 9187: 9082: 8997: 8892: 8702: 8212: 7988: 7613: 7499: 7472: 7445: 7397: 7351: 7046: 6464: 6319: 5878:"Obesity and hypertension: mechanisms, cardio-renal consequences, and therapeutic approaches" 5378: 4482: 3407: 2713: 2464: 2399: 2003: 1968: 1722: 1240: 1145: 994: 633: 365: 63: 5429: 5315:

Campbell, NR; Lackland, DT; Lisheng, L; Niebylski, ML; Nilsson, PM; Zhang, XH (March 2015).

4452: 1400:. Many types of arrhythmia present no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include 10611: 10168: 9981: 9976: 9867: 9688: 9216: 9197: 9097: 9008: 8951: 8728: 8635: 8539: 8444: 8257: 8239: 7633: 7593: 7460: 7274: 7269: 7249: 7184: 7036: 6277: 6222: 4125: 2698: 2404: 2394: 2338: 2243: 2236:

V-HeFT (1986) — use of vasodilators (hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate) in heart failure

2151: 2115: 2051:

There are two types of pulmonary atresia, classified by whether or not the baby also has a

1527: 1503: 1436: 1256: 1193: 1133: 1073: 986: 909: 809:

In recent times, the focus is gradually shifting to preventive cardiology due to increased

564: 248: 209: 35: 8: 10672: 10490: 10468: 10154: 9993: 9966: 9693: 9550: 9545: 9468: 9372: 9342: 9301: 8927: 8844: 8755: 8584: 8472: 8457: 8396: 8251: 7713: 7655: 7638: 7297: 7014: 6635:"Management of Congenital Heart Disease: State of the Art—Part II—Cyanotic Heart Defects" 6576: 3359:

Mebazaa, Alexandre; Gheorghiade, Mihai; Zannad, Faiez; Parrillo, Joseph E. (2009-12-24).

2651: 2414: 2292: 2212: 2021: 1983: 1844: 1562: 1464: 1413: 1260: 1209: 1127: 1091: 889: 847: 846:

is known as the founder of pediatric cardiology. She became famous through her work with

645: 560: 191: 137: 8467: 6218:"Role of ARBs in the blood hypertension therapy and prevention of cardiovascular events" 5484: 4632: 10473: 10386: 10382: 10328: 10323: 10264: 10185: 10093: 10042: 9956: 9796: 9594: 9416: 9367: 8992: 8939: 8849: 8743: 8738: 8676: 8654: 8648: 8462: 8419: 8263: 8246: 8195: 8134: 8130: 7932: 7603: 7560: 7550: 7339: 7292: 7259: 7254: 7004: 6982: 6816: 6791: 6767: 6742: 6669: 6634: 6552: 6527: 6435: 6408: 6193: 6166: 5936: 5811: 5529: 5441: 5354: 5341: 5316: 5292: 5267: 5248: 5160: 5135: 5087: 4910: 4425: 4384: 4357: 4240: 4215: 4041: 4016: 3992: 3967: 3943: 3916: 3793: 3699: 3672: 3618: 3593: 3509: 3484: 3458: 3304: 3271: 3102: 3069: 3050: 2996: 2971: 2923: 2898: 2874: 2849: 2629: 2564:(1899–1994), co-founder of the Swiss Society of Cardiology, president from 1952 to 1955 2479: 2208: 2183:

are the methods of identifying heart conditions associated with healthy vs. unhealthy,

2139: 2123: 1995: 1812: 1714: 1657: 1554: 1546: 1409: 1132:

The cardiac examination (also called the "precordial exam"), is performed as part of a

1095: 1087: 998: 960: 683: 545: 283: 31: 6543: 5517: 5236: 5066: 5049: 4898: 4032: 3983: 3874:

Deb, S; Wijeysundera, HC; Ko, DT; Tsubota, H; Hill, S; Fremes, SE (20 November 2013).

3500: 3287: 3151: 3070:"The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly: Morbidity, Mortality, and Costs" 3037: 3020: 408:

who specialize in cardiology. Physicians who specialize in cardiac surgery are called

10516: 10462: 10392: 10300: 10288: 10149: 10139: 10134: 10037: 9988: 9899: 9856: 9707: 9665: 9580: 9398: 9296: 9013: 8956: 8854: 8535: 8409: 8404: 8327: 8222: 8217: 8190: 7699: 7673: 7555: 7525: 7504: 7467: 7450: 7365: 7329: 7319: 7214: 7134: 7078: 7041: 7026: 6967: 6934: 6903: 6870: 6851: 6821: 6772: 6758: 6674: 6656: 6557: 6472: 6440: 6330: 6239: 6198: 6141: 6100: 6057: 6016: 5981: 5940: 5899: 5852: 5803: 5762: 5714: 5673: 5630: 5593: 5521: 5464: 5433: 5417: 5397: 5358: 5346: 5297: 5240: 5201: 5165: 5079: 5071: 5030: 4989: 4914: 4902: 4854: 4826: 4758: 4728: 4677: 4636: 4488: 4429: 4389: 4245: 4076: 4046: 3997: 3948: 3897: 3829: 3785: 3704: 3651: 3623: 3514: 3450: 3413: 3366: 3336: 3309: 3291: 3252: 3244: 3155: 3107: 3089: 3042: 3001: 2928: 2879: 2634: 2606: 2555: 2537: 2419: 2374: 2119: 2083: 2079: 2044: 1311: 1276: 1232: 1021: 1013: 952: 947:

As the center focus of cardiology, the heart has numerous anatomical features (e.g.,

893: 858:(VSD) right beneath the aorta. This condition causes newborns to have a bluish-tint, 824: 715:

Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the

465: 444: 401: 389: 369: 5815: 5533: 5445: 5252: 3797: 3482: 2848:

Cox JL, Churyla A, Malaisrie SC, Kruse J, Kislitsina ON, McCarthy PM (August 2022).

1863:

of blood pressure. Hypertension is a risk factor for all clinical manifestations of

10616: 10521: 10259: 10189: 10172: 10104: 10077: 10072: 9829: 9721: 9614: 9310: 8640: 8611: 8452: 8339: 8332: 8317: 8160: 8036: 7998: 7908: 7865: 7683: 7375: 7360: 7237: 7112: 7068: 6843: 6811: 6803: 6762: 6754: 6722: 6664: 6646: 6547: 6539: 6430: 6420: 6231: 6188: 6180: 6133: 6092: 6049: 5973: 5932: 5891: 5844: 5793: 5754: 5706: 5663: 5622: 5585: 5513: 5425: 5387: 5336: 5328: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5232: 5193: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5091: 5061: 5020: 4981: 4973: 4894: 4818: 4667: 4628: 4421: 4379: 4369: 4235: 4227: 4036: 4028: 3987: 3979: 3938: 3928: 3887: 3821: 3777: 3694: 3684: 3613: 3605: 3570: 3504: 3496: 3462: 3442: 3299: 3283: 3234: 3147: 3097: 3081: 3054: 3032: 2991: 2983: 2918: 2910: 2869: 2861: 2625: 2571: 2567: 2523: 2513: 2485: 2029: 1608: 1593: 1367: 1217: 1029: 851: 843: 770: 682:

Echocardiography (or "echo") uses standard two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and

665: 620: 8367: 5220: 2914: 2899:"The Path of an Early Career Physician and Scientist in Cardiac Electrophysiology" 10588: 10510: 10357: 10347: 10333: 10224: 10194: 10100: 9929: 9914: 9851: 9243: 9224: 9211: 9018: 8897: 8772: 8696: 8668: 8629: 8573: 8566: 8549: 8511: 8477: 8078: 7918: 7875: 7782: 7703: 7648: 7509: 7494: 7477: 7417: 7412: 7356: 7334: 7031: 6977: 6957: 6184: 5626: 5589: 5048:

Stergiou, George; Kollias, Anastasios; Parati, Gianfranco; O’Brien, Eoin (2018).

4672: 4655: 4231: 3825: 2850:"A history of collaboration between electrophysiologists and arrhythmia surgeons" 2690: 2610: 2596: 2495: 2429: 2204: 2188: 1999: 1964: 1960: 1864: 1816: 1743: 1550: 1448: 1300: 1252: 1228: 1189: 1111: 1107: 1052: 1017: 745: 691: 649: 419: 179: 127: 5415:

Oparil S, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA (November 2003). "Pathogenesis of hypertension".

3135: 10495: 10480: 10276: 10253: 10084: 10068: 10003: 9844: 9752: 9650: 9642: 9540: 9050: 9043: 9030: 8507: 8502: 8425: 8377: 8063: 8006: 7880: 7799: 7535: 7489: 7302: 7232: 7051: 6425: 6235: 6137: 5977: 5895: 5848: 5710: 5650:"What a vascular surgeon should know and do about atherosclerotic risk factors" 4977: 4822: 3328: 3085: 3018: 2987: 2543: 2516:(1860–1927), a physiologist who built the first practical ECG and won the 1924 2504: 2499: 2302: 1899: 1892: 1824: 1664: 1612: 1540: 1519: 1488: 1468: 1429: 1323: 979: 948: 867: 786: 766: 721: 641: 187: 147: 5668: 5649: 3781: 3609: 3173: 1036:. Dysfunction of the electrical system manifests in many ways and may include 48: 10666: 10632: 10352: 9971: 9834: 9745: 8880: 8733: 8689: 8662: 8287: 8200: 8150: 8083: 8073: 8041: 7885: 7860: 7618: 7407: 7402: 7264: 7204: 7107: 6660: 5798: 5781: 5392: 5373: 5075: 5025: 5008: 3892: 3875: 3689: 3446: 3295: 3248: 3159: 3093: 2584:

Henry Joseph Llewellyn "Barney" Marriott (1917–2007), ECG interpretation and

2575: 2298:

PARADIGM-HF (2014) — use of angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitor in heart failure

2250: 1956: 1929: 1880: 1868: 1680: 1627: 1589: 1515: 1511: 1499: 1425: 1385: 1213: 1185: 1060: 975: 871: 819: 724:

or radial artery (but, in practice, any large peripheral artery or vein) and

637: 472: 381: 121: 6651: 6320:

Shanthi Mendis; Pekka Puska; Bo Norrving; World Health Organization (2011).

6096: 4885:

Poulter, NR; Prabhakaran, D; Caulfield, M (22 August 2015). "Hypertension".

3933: 10397: 9766: 9740: 9584: 9532: 9205: 9181: 9128: 8987: 8578: 8497: 8355: 8207: 8180: 8172: 8068: 8058: 7825: 7820: 7792: 7623: 7608: 7434: 7159: 7009: 6994: 6940: 6825: 6776: 6678: 6561: 6444: 6243: 6202: 6145: 6104: 6061: 6020: 5985: 5944: 5903: 5856: 5807: 5766: 5718: 5677: 5634: 5597: 5525: 5437: 5401: 5350: 5301: 5244: 5205: 5169: 5083: 5034: 4993: 4985: 4906: 4830: 4681: 4640: 4433: 4393: 4249: 4080: 4050: 4001: 3952: 3901: 3833: 3789: 3708: 3627: 3518: 3454: 3340: 3313: 3256: 3239: 3222: 3111: 3046: 3005: 2932: 2883: 2590: 2579: 2561: 2434: 2192: 2010: 1976: 1860: 1808: 1769: 1653: 1648: 1507: 1404:, or feeling a pause between heartbeats. More serious symptoms may include 1401: 1284: 1224: 1083: 1079: 964: 792: 553: 405: 153: 4066: 1549:

due to the failure of the heart to contract effectively. Symptoms include

1259:. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, 756:

is placed as a type of scaffold to hold the vasculature open permanently.

10574: 10317: 10281: 9961: 9946: 9701: 9599: 9389: 9306: 9288: 9114: 9087: 9038: 8979: 8526: 8488: 8414: 8312: 8307: 8277: 8129: 8046: 8031: 7994: 7979: 7975: 7482: 7427: 7324: 7179: 7154: 6972: 5504:

Messerli FH, Williams B, Ritz E (August 2007). "Essential hypertension".

4410:

Mehra, R (2007). "Global public health problem of sudden cardiac death".

2656: 2647: 2474: 1828: 1688: 1585: 1397: 1393: 1275:

involves the same measures as prevention. Additional medications such as

1045: 956: 879: 835: 741: 733: 695: 502:

In India, a three-year residency in General Medicine or Pediatrics after

8010: 7947: 4374: 1396:. A heart rate that is too slow – below 60 beats per minute – is called 1332: 517:, adult cardiologists earn an average of $ 436,849 per year in the U.S. 351: 10569: 10436: 10341: 10109: 9729: 9279: 8384: 8142: 7570: 7455: 7422: 7194: 7144: 7129: 7124: 7117: 7092: 5758: 3917:"Conservative strategy for treatment of stable coronary artery disease" 2628:(1898–1986), founder of pediatric cardiology and extensively worked on 2196: 2159: 1991: 1921: 1782: 1703: 1698:

Lifestyle factors can increase the risk of hypertension. These include

1636: 1558: 1417: 1405: 1389: 1379: 1197: 1137: 1009: 916:

of the newborn is not oxygenated efficiently, due to the heart defect.

815: 541: 141: 6053: 5332: 2865: 8360: 8023: 7963: 7959: 7870: 7809: 7787: 7724: 7643: 7385: 7380: 7244: 7222: 7097: 7061: 5477: 5197: 4355: 3915:

Rezende, PC; Scudeler, TL; da Costa, LM; Hueb, W (16 February 2015).

3483:

GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015).

2184: 1936: 1895: 1747: 1718: 1495: 1201: 1141: 968: 863: 795:

or those who have experienced cardiac complications of chemotherapy.

536:

recording of spontaneous activity as well as of cardiac responses to

393: 6469:

Genetic Disorders and the Fetus: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment

2947:"Trends in Causes of Death among Older Persons in the United States" 1733:

at a physician's office or other blood pressure screening location.

1392:

that is too fast – above 100 beats per minute in adults – is called

356: 'study') is the study of the heart. Cardiology is a branch of 9655: 8812: 8683: 8185: 7149: 6926: 2166:, pediatric cardiologists make an average of $ 303,917 in the U.S. 2163: 1925: 1790: 1778: 1729:

over a 24-hour period appears to be more accurate than "in-office"

1631: 1581: 882:

of the systemic artery to the pulmonary artery and called this the

859: 798: 749: 716: 514: 503: 357: 318: 260: 6807: 6577:"Ventricular Septal Defects: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology" 3019:

Golomb Beatrice A.; Dang Tram T.; Criqui Michael H. (2006-08-15).

2002:. Occasionally a number of operations may be needed. Occasionally 489:

American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists

7628: 7088: 7056: 6949: 4724:

Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult – Online)

2530:, quitting cardiology as a speciality, and then winning the 1956 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1794: 1707: 1660: 1280: 1244: 1236: 725: 264: 30:

This article is about the medical speciality. For the album, see

6848:

Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

5314: 4356:

Zoni-Berisso, M; Lercari, F; Carazza, T; Domenicucci, S (2014).

4095:

Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Managing Cardiomyopathy

3358: 10233: 9735: 9715: 8870: 8620: 8590: 8155: 7967: 7955: 7890: 7774: 7755: 6407:

Dean, SV; Lassi, ZS; Imam, AM; Bhutta, ZA (26 September 2014).

5782:"The therapeutic role of RAS blockade in chronic heart failure" 5266:

Diao, D; Wright, JM; Cundiff, DK; Gueyffier, F (Aug 15, 2012).

2549:

Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus

2520:("for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram") 2268: 2257: 2060: 1987: 1951:, parents being closely related, or poor nutritional status or 1876: 1820: 1786: 1676: 1668: 1566: 1421: 322: 6356:"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Congenital Heart Defects?" 5829:

Gaddam KK, Verma A, Thompson M, Amin R, Ventura H (May 2009).

5647: 5458: 5136:"Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older" 4098: 2094: 1979:, or the large blood vessels that lead to and from the heart. 10582: 10412: 10243: 10088: 9903: 8299: 8282: 7951: 7913: 7900: 6323:

Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control

5648:

Liapis CD, Avgerinos ED, Kadoglou NP, Kakisis JD (May 2009).

5182: 4955: 4847:

Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control

3644:

Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control

1967:. Congenital heart defects are divided into two main groups: 1798: 1623:

may be placed to reduce the chance of death from recurrence.

1570: 1498:, and surgery. Medications for a fast heart rate may include 942: 913: 912:

are various congenital cyanotic heart diseases, in which the

753: 361: 9897: 6792:"Henry J. L. Marriott: Lucid Teacher of Electrocardiography" 5047: 4617: 3538:"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?" 1028:

and is epitomized with the electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG). The

559:

Other therapeutic modalities employed in this field include

8720: 8002: 7971: 7852: 7759: 6895: 6608:"Facts about Pulmonary Atresia: Types of Pulmonary Atresia" 6525: 6167:"Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease" 6036:"Diagnosing nonneoplastic lesions in nephrectomy specimens" 4884: 4512:"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?" 4358:"Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective" 3914: 3670: 3327:

Kashou, Anthony H.; Basit, Hajira; Chhabra, Lovely (2021),

2613:

that is the top syndromic cause of congenital heart disease

2308:

EMPEROR-Preserved (2021) — SGLT2 receptors in heart failure

2288: 1056: 990: 5265: 4567:"How Can Death Due to Sudden Cardiac Arrest Be Prevented?" 4014: 3965: 3594:"Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk factors" 1208:, last less than a few minutes, and get better with rest. 933: 656:

cause significant morbidity and mortality in aged people.

6890: 6409:"Preconception care: nutritional risks and interventions" 6034:

Truong LD, Shen SS, Park MH, Krishnan B (February 2009).

5374:"Essential hypertension. Part I: definition and etiology" 5060:(5). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 813–815. 3810: 3748:"How Can Coronary Heart Disease Be Prevented or Delayed?" 3412:(Online-Ausg. ed.). New York: Springer. p. 23. 2646:(1888–1972), founder of the cardiology department at the 2287:

RELY (2009), ROCKET-AF (2011), ARISTOTLE (2011) — use of

183: 6172:

Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention

5006: 3873: 3767: 2847: 1982:

Congenital heart defects are partly preventable through

1078:

Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the

1020:. The study of the electrical aspects is a sub-field of 5831:"Hypertension and cardiac failure in its various forms" 5828: 5133: 2668:(1864–1940), first described what is now called type I 2599:(1889–1951), described and classified the two types of 2239:

ISIS-2 (1988) — use of aspirin in myocardial infarction

982:

in the U.S. and caused 24.95% of total deaths in 2008.

556:) in addition to diagnostic and prognostic procedures. 6033: 1753: 1148:

and integrated with other examinations especially the

1051:

The mechanical system of the heart is centered on the

4757:(2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 562. 4653: 4484:

The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR

4286: 2507:(1971– ), cardiologist from Pune, India who received 1713:

Blood pressure is expressed by two measurements, the

1388:

is too fast, too slow, or irregular in its rhythm. A

1192:, myocardial infarction, and is one of the causes of 595: 540:(PES). These studies are performed to assess complex 6215: 5503: 4844:

Mendis, Shanthi; Puska, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011).

4751:

Naish, Jeannette; Court, Denise Syndercombe (2014).

3641:

Mendis, Shanthi; Puska, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011).

3270:

Pagidipati, Neha Jadeja; Gaziano, Thomas A. (2013).

2767:

apca.org/certifications-examinations/cbnc-and-cbcct/

2680: 2593:(1921–2021), original developer of the defibrillator 1504:

agents that attempt to restore a normal heart rhythm

1204:. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional 862:, and have a deficiency of oxygen to their tissues, 477:

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education

396:

who specialize in this field of medicine are called

6406: 6216:Novo S, Lunetta M, Evola S, Novo G (January 2009). 4843: 4213: 4148:"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of an Arrhythmia?" 3640: 2574:as well as the current grading of the intensity of 1569:before this occurs. If not treated within minutes, 8802: 5414: 5218: 3326: 2780:. American Osteopathic Association. Archived from 2187:heart function. The starting point is obtaining a 2089: 1144:. It would typically be modified depending on the 5957: 5463:. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. p. 228. 5452: 4487:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 11. 3592:Mehta, PK; Wei, J; Wenger, NK (16 October 2014). 3269: 2603:often called "Mobitz Type I" and "Mobitz Type II" 2169: 1055:of blood and the functionality of the heart as a 919: 10664: 6715: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6004: 5041: 2540:(1939–1985), first developed balloon angioplasty 2301:ISCHEMIA (2020) — medical therapy is as good as 2130: 2070: 1834: 799:Preventive cardiology and cardiac rehabilitation 6041:Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 5569: 5567: 5371: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3335:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 3067: 854:enters the circulatory system resulting from a 759: 6865:Ramrakha, Punit; Hill, Jonathan, eds. (2012). 5786:Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease 5742: 5365: 4506: 4504: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4321: 4319: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 3591: 3136:"The Development of Interventional Cardiology" 3068:Yazdanyar, Ali; Newman, Anne B. (2010-11-01). 2972:"Geriatric Cardiology: An Emerging Discipline" 1943:, use of certain medications or drugs such as 9883: 8788: 8115: 7740: 6911: 6568: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6343: 5922: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4808: 4561: 4559: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 3140:Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2445:Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1545:Cardiac arrest is a sudden stop in effective 959:) and numerous physiological features (e.g., 6864: 6693:"Persistent Truncus Arteriosus – Pediatrics" 6209: 6158: 6111: 6074: 6027: 6005:Tylicki L, Rutkowski B (February 2003). "". 5998: 5951: 5916: 5869: 5822: 5773: 5736: 5684: 5641: 5604: 5564: 5497: 5408: 5103: 5101: 4647: 4611: 4140: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3469: 1656:, also known as "high blood pressure", is a 704: 520: 6747:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 6574: 6521: 6519: 6498:"How Are Congenital Heart Defects Treated?" 6458: 6456: 6454: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6164: 5272:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4696:"Who Is at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest?" 4688: 4501: 4440: 4316: 4170: 4069:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 3742: 3740: 2890: 2841: 2158:Pediatric cardiology is a sub-specialty of 1909: 1576:The most common cause of cardiac arrest is 1483:. Arrhythmias are due to problems with the 9925:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures 9890: 9876: 9105:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 8795: 8781: 8122: 8108: 7747: 7733: 7200:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility 6918: 6904: 6485: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6080: 5958:Murphy BP, Stanton T, Dunn FG (May 2009). 5875: 5779: 5690: 4867: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4750: 4746: 4744: 4727:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1771. 4556: 4476: 4474: 4405: 4403: 4214:Martin, C; Matthews, G; Huang, CL (2012). 4207: 4103: 3723:"How Is Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosed?" 3561: 3559: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3223:"The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Collaboration" 2896: 2735:"27 Top Cardiologists, Picked By Big Data" 2570:(1891–1966), recognized the sign known as 2108:Dextro-transposition of the great arteries 2098:Dextro-transposition of the Great Arteries 1173: 10021:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement 7541:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery 6869:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 6842: 6815: 6766: 6668: 6650: 6551: 6502:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 6434: 6424: 6400: 6386:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 6360:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 6282:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 6192: 6117: 5797: 5667: 5459:Hall, John E.; Guyton, Arthur C. (2006). 5391: 5340: 5291: 5159: 5113:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 5098: 5065: 5024: 4934:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 4671: 4585: 4530: 4383: 4373: 4239: 4062: 4060: 4040: 3991: 3942: 3932: 3891: 3840: 3698: 3688: 3617: 3508: 3365:. Springer Science & Business Media. 3303: 3238: 3101: 3036: 2995: 2922: 2873: 1785:of essential hypertension increases with 1596:. The initial heart rhythm is most often 1485:electrical conduction system of the heart 1435:There are four main types of arrhythmia: 1265:coronary computed tomographic angiography 302:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery 296:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery 27:Branch of medicine dealing with the heart 10064:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel 6516: 6462: 6451: 6296: 5610: 5573: 5259: 4837: 4714: 4349: 3853:"How Is Coronary Heart Disease Treated?" 3737: 3634: 3426: 2246:after a heart attack increases mortality 2112:Levo-transposition of the great arteries 2093: 1838: 1463:. Supraventricular tachycardias include 932: 834: 544:, elucidate symptoms, evaluate abnormal 84:Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, 10164:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel 6716:Cleveland Clinic (September 17, 2021). 6382:"What Causes Congenital Heart Defects?" 6261: 5430:10.7326/0003-4819-139-9-200311040-00011 5372:Carretero OA, Oparil S (January 2000). 5268:"Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension" 5140:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4771: 4741: 4593:"How Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest Treated?" 4471: 4400: 3556: 3525: 2817: 2815: 2312: 1859:are clinical outcomes that result from 1473:paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 1291:may be recommended. Procedures such as 1067: 830: 569:implantable cardioverter-defibrillators 14: 10665: 8839:Spontaneous coronary artery dissection 7754: 6789: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6526:Vos, Theo; et al. (7 June 2015). 5960:"Hypertension and myocardial ischemia" 4949: 4057: 3409:Biomaterials for clinical applications 3405: 3386:finally listening to the heart sounds. 3220: 2969: 2732: 2709:List of cardiovascular clinical trials 2410:Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 2354:National Heart Foundation of Australia 2282:implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 2016: 1768:Essential hypertension is the form of 1121: 10294:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement 10033:enlargement of existing septal defect 9871: 8776: 8103: 7728: 6899: 6120:"Hypertension and the older diabetic" 5109:"How Is High Blood Pressure Treated?" 4720: 4480: 4409: 2704:List of cardiac pharmaceutical agents 2532:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2518:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2450:Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 1373: 10028:production of septal defect in heart 9163:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis 7679: 7440:Physical medicine and rehabilitation 6740: 6278:"What Are Congenital Heart Defects?" 5965:The Medical Clinics of North America 5883:The Medical Clinics of North America 5836:The Medical Clinics of North America 5485:"Hypertension: eMedicine Nephrology" 5000: 4538:"What Causes Sudden Cardiac Arrest?" 3432: 3133: 2812: 2801: 2799: 2733:Herper, Matthew (December 5, 2017). 2670:second-degree atrioventricular block 2601:second-degree atrioventricular block 2039: 1727:ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 1366:The causes of cardiomyopathy can be 1327: 1251:. The underlying mechanism involves 1247:, among others. Other risks include 176:Blood tests, electrophysiology study 7689: 6632: 6595: 5050:"Office Blood Pressure Measurement" 4633:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.238 4327:"Who Is at Risk for an Arrhythmia?" 3540:. 29 September 2014. Archived from 2440:International Journal of Cardiology 2104:transposition of the great arteries 1754:Essential vs Secondary hypertension 902:transposition of the great arteries 614: 459: 81:Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, 24: 10125:transposition of the great vessels 10050:creation of septal defect in heart 9459:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 7576:Medical Scientist Training Program 6633:Rao, P. Syamasundar (2019-04-04). 5937:10.1097/01.hjh.0000334602.71005.52 4811:The Canadian Journal of Cardiology 4426:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2007.06.023 2805:Hamblin, James (January 27, 2015) 2778:"Specialties & Subspecialties" 2146: 2009:Heart defects are the most common 1475:. Ventricular arrhythmias include 1457:premature ventricular contractions 1293:percutaneous coronary intervention 1158: 1136:, or when a patient presents with 670:Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 602:Clinical cardiac electrophysiology 596:Clinical cardiac electrophysiology 493:clinical cardiac electrophysiology 481:clinical cardiac electrophysiology 425: 154:hypertension (high blood pressure) 25: 10684: 10425:Cardiac resynchronization therapy 6884: 6790:Upshaw, Charles (18 April 2007). 5067:10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10850 4033:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004046 3984:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004042 3598:Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 3288:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.128413 3038:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.593442 2796: 2275:cardiac resynchronization therapy 2102:There are two different types of 1843:Main complications of persistent 1621:implantable cardiac defibrillator 1534: 1461:premature junctional contractions 1317: 852:oxygenated and deoxygenated blood 850:congenital heart defect in which 780: 538:programmed electrical stimulation 360:that deals with disorders of the 118:Heart (or cardiovascular) disease 10649: 10648: 7708: 7698: 7688: 7678: 7669: 7668: 6783: 6734: 6730:from the original on 2020-08-04. 6709: 6685: 6626: 6374: 5614:The American Journal of Medicine 5577:The American Journal of Medicine 5321:Journal of Clinical Hypertension 4784:"High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet" 4453:"What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?" 4264:"How Are Arrhythmias Diagnosed?" 3814:The American Journal of Medicine 3198:"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)" 2959:from the original on 2022-10-09. 2683: 2458: 1331: 1303:or decreases heart attack risk. 1110:and can become blocked, causing 674:Computed tomography of the heart 587:(VF) in the future. Sometimes a 471:To become a cardiologist in the 456:are performed by cardiologists. 47: 10432:Left atrial appendage occlusion 9144:Subacute bacterial endocarditis 7709: 6697:MSD Manual Professional Edition 5780:Werner CM, Böhm M (June 2008). 5540: 5308: 5212: 5176: 5127: 4921: 4802: 4256: 4087: 4008: 3959: 3921:World Journal of Clinical Cases 3908: 3867: 3804: 3770:Current Atherosclerosis Reports 3761: 3715: 3664: 3585: 3569:. 12 March 2013. Archived from 3567:"Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)" 3399: 3389: 3379: 3352: 3320: 3263: 3214: 3190: 3166: 3127: 3118: 3061: 3012: 2963: 2939: 2823:Harrison's Textbook of Medicine 2344:Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2317: 2201:electrophysiological procedures 2090:Transposition of great arteries 1642: 1617:targeted temperature management 1170:part tend to affect the other. 1140:suggestive of a cardiovascular 974:Disorders of the heart lead to 90:Adult Congenital Heart Disease, 34:. For the medical journal, see 7566:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 7000:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 6084:Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 5876:Reisin E, Jack AV (May 2009). 5461:Textbook of medical physiology 5284:10.1002/14651858.CD006742.pub2 5152:10.1002/14651858.CD000028.pub3 4333:. July 1, 2011. Archived from 4300:. July 1, 2011. Archived from 4294:"How Are Arrhythmias Treated?" 4270:. July 1, 2011. Archived from 4191:. July 1, 2011. Archived from 4154:. July 1, 2011. Archived from 4124:. July 1, 2011. Archived from 3221:Murphy, Anne M. (2008-07-16). 3134:King, Spencer B (March 1998). 2976:Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2897:DeMazumder D (December 2018). 2828: 2825:. New York: McGraw Hill, 2009. 2770: 2761: 2752: 2726: 2661:Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome 2639:Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome 2621:Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome 2380:American Journal of Cardiology 2334:European Society of Cardiology 2324:American College of Cardiology 2181:Diagnostic tests in cardiology 2176:Diagnostic tests in cardiology 2170:Diagnostic tests in cardiology 2034:modified Blalock-Taussig shunt 1297:coronary artery bypass surgery 1038:Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome 920:Adult congenital heart disease 769:leads to also specializing in 437:coronary artery bypass surgery 404:. Pediatric cardiologists are 290:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 13: 1: 10554:Radionuclide ventriculography 9661:Pulseless electrical activity 9590:Multifocal atrial tachycardia 9464:Catecholaminergic polymorphic 6867:Oxford Handbook of Cardiology 6544:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4 6125:Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 5518:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61299-9 5237:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00805-3 4899:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61468-9 3501:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 3329:"Physiology, Sinoatrial Node" 3152:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00558-5 3074:Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 3021:"Peripheral Arterial Disease" 2915:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.314016 2838:Philadelphia: Saunders, 2011. 2719: 2586:Practical Electrocardiography 2385:Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia 2280:SCD-HeFT (2005) — the use of 2136:Persistent truncus arteriosus 2131:Persistent truncus arteriosus 2076:Double outlet right ventricle 2071:Double outlet right ventricle 1857:Complications of hypertension 1852:Complications of hypertension 1835:Complications of hypertension 1605:cardiopulmonary resuscitation 1580:. Less common causes include 1453:premature atrial contractions 1441:supraventricular tachycardias 937:Blood flow through the valves 906:persistent truncus arteriosus 898:double outlet right ventricle 732:visualization (most commonly 464:Cardiology is a specialty of 10539:Myocardial perfusion imaging 7546:Bachelor of Medical Sciences 7313:Neurosurgical anesthesiology 6925: 6759:10.7860/jcdr/2016/21443.8210 6185:10.1097/HCR.0b013e31818c3b96 5627:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.10.013 5590:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.002 4673:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000258 4413:Journal of Electrocardiology 4232:10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300953 3826:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.007 2970:Dodson JA (September 2016). 2390:Current Research: Cardiology 2260:reduce risk of heart disease 2229:randomized controlled trials 1630:, cardiac arrest outside of 1555:abnormal or absent breathing 1034:electrical conduction system 928: 760:Cardiomyopathy/heart failure 563:therapy and implantation of 7: 8750:superior vena cava syndrome 6165:Gardner AW, Afaq A (2008). 5698:Current Medicinal Chemistry 5655:Journal of Vascular Surgery 5186:Annals of Internal Medicine 2854:J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2836:Heart Disease, 6th edition. 2676: 2609:(1928–2020), discoverer of 2473:(1930–2003), known for the 2362: 2358:Cardiology Society of India 1990:to salt, and the adding of 1887:. It is the most important 1885:peripheral arterial disease 1685:peripheral vascular disease 1243:, poor diet, and excessive 654:peripheral arterial disease 592:cardiac pacemaker or AICD. 508:Diplomate of National Board 10: 10689: 10146:for univentricular defect 9605:Wandering atrial pacemaker 9152:non-infective endocarditis 9093:Endocardial fibroelastosis 6891:American Heart Association 6836: 6741:Bhat, Venkatraman (2016). 6426:10.1186/1742-4755-11-s3-s3 6236:10.2174/138945009787122897 6138:10.1016/j.cger.2008.03.001 6008:Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 5978:10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.003 5896:10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.010 5849:10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.005 5711:10.2174/092986709787581923 4823:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.009 3435:Nature Reviews. Cardiology 3406:Bhatia, Sujata K. (2010). 3086:10.1016/j.cger.2009.07.007 2988:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.03.019 2462: 2366: 2329:American Heart Association 2173: 1973:non-cyanotic heart defects 1913: 1849: 1757: 1739:blood pressure medications 1731:blood pressure measurement 1646: 1615:. Among those who survive 1538: 1377: 1321: 1308:most common cause of death 1177: 1162: 1125: 1071: 940: 802: 784: 708: 663: 659: 644:, and arrhythmias such as 628:Cardiac disorders such as 618: 599: 524: 344: 'heart' and 78:Interventional Cardiology, 29: 10646: 10625: 10597: 10486:Implantable loop recorder 10454: 10309: 10205: 10130:Arterial switch operation 9945: 9938: 9920:Interventional cardiology 9910: 9822: 9765: 9683:hexaxial reference system 9674: 9641: 9628:Jervell and Lange-Nielsen 9613: 9571: 9530: 9507: 9481: 9449: 9407: 9388: 9287: 9273: 9173: 9158:Libman–Sacks endocarditis 9127: 9113: 9029: 8978: 8971: 8908: 8863: 8820: 8811: 8719: 8663:radial artery sufficiency 8619: 8610: 8558: 8525: 8486: 8443: 8434: 8395: 8348: 8298: 8171: 8141: 8022: 7987: 7940: 7931: 7899: 7851: 7808: 7773: 7766: 7664: 7586: 7524: 7285: 7213: 7168: 7077: 6948: 6933: 6471:. John Wiley & Sons. 6463:Milunsky, Aubrey (2011). 6118:Aronow WS (August 2008). 5669:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.12.046 3782:10.1007/s11883-014-0402-8 3610:10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005 2666:Karel Frederik Wenckebach 2528:Berliner Charité Hospital 2509:Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice 2490:Braunwald's Heart Disease 2265:dual antiplatelet therapy 2222: 2084:balloon atrial septostomy 2053:ventricular septal defect 2026:ventricular septal defect 1996:catheter based procedures 1619:may improve outcomes. An 1106:are commonly affected by 1026:cardiac electrophysiology 856:ventricular septal defect 711:Interventional cardiology 705:Interventional cardiology 527:Cardiac electrophysiology 521:Cardiac electrophysiology 497:interventional cardiology 485:interventional cardiology 310: 275: 270: 254: 242: 227: 222: 205: 197: 168: 107: 70: 58: 46: 10565:Coronary catheterization 10055:Blalock–Hanlon procedure 10016:Mitral valve replacement 9999:Aortic valve replacement 9563:Ventricular fibrillation 8834:Coronary artery aneurysm 8273:Pericardial friction rub 7500:Transplantation medicine 7391:Clinical neurophysiology 7308:Obstetric anesthesiology 7228:Interventional radiology 6988:Digestive system surgery 6575:Ramaswamy P, Webber HS. 5799:10.1177/1753944708091777 5548:"Secondary hypertension" 5393:10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329 5026:10.1001/jama.2013.284427 4978:10.1093/eurheartj/eht151 4721:Adams, James G. (2012). 4666:(18 Suppl 2): S397–413. 3893:10.1001/jama.2013.281718 3690:10.1186/1741-7015-11-250 3447:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.26 2650:and an early pioneer of 2498:(1916–2008), identified 2349:Indian Heart Association 2273:MIRACLE (2002) — use of 2227:Cardiology is known for 1910:Congenital heart defects 1904:industrialized countries 1598:ventricular fibrillation 1477:ventricular fibrillation 1042:ventricular fibrillation 585:ventricular fibrillation 374:congenital heart defects 160:congenital heart disease 10561:Cardiac catheterization 10503:Electrophysiology study 10403:Radiofrequency ablation 10368:Alcohol septal ablation 9840:Diastolic heart failure 9814:Athletic heart syndrome 9775:Ventricular hypertrophy 9509:Pre-excitation syndrome 9363:Left posterior fascicle 8888:Acute coronary syndrome 8828:Coronary artery disease 8709:Nicoladoni–Branham sign 8373:Jugular venous pressure 8235:Pulmonary insufficiency 8089:Circulatory anastomosis 8052:Internal elastic lamina 7843:Precapillary resistance 7371:Intensive care medicine 7345:Mass gathering medicine 7190:Maternal–fetal medicine 6652:10.3390/children6040054 6097:10.1053/adpa.2002.30606 4481:Field, John M. (2009). 3934:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i2.163 2834:Braunwald, Eugene, ed. 2821:Fauci, Anthony, et al. 2659:(1898–1972), known for 2644:Fredrick Arthur Willius 2637:(1886–1973), known for 2619:(1885–1976), known for 2488:(born 1929), editor of 2305:in stable heart disease 2242:CASE I (1991) — use of 2217:electrophysiology study 2063:between the ventricles. 1916:Congenital heart defect 1873:coronary artery disease 1673:coronary artery disease 1578:coronary artery disease 1557:. Some people may have 1481:ventricular tachycardia 1445:ventricular arrhythmias 1428:. Others may result in 1180:Coronary artery disease 1174:Coronary artery disease 1165:List of heart disorders 1150:respiratory examination 581:ventricular tachycardia 576:electrophysiology study 550:radiofrequency ablation 450:cardiac catheterization 411:cardiothoracic surgeons 378:coronary artery disease 132:coronary artery disease 10607:Impedance cardiography 10229:Coronary artery bypass 9358:Left anterior fascicle 9138:infective endocarditis 8923:Hibernating myocardium 8804:Cardiovascular disease 8598:Gallavardin phenomenon 8436:Cardiovascular disease 7838:Precapillary sphincter 6963:Cardiothoracic surgery 6132:(3): 489–501, vi–vii. 4966:European Heart Journal 3240:10.1001/jama.300.3.328 2492:and 1000+ publications 2425:European Heart Journal 2249:SOLVD (1991) — use of 2213:cardiac stress testing 2099: 1969:cyanotic heart defects 1847: 1805:Secondary hypertension 1764:Secondary hypertension 1760:Essential hypertension 1693:chronic kidney disease 1451:. Extra beats include 1261:cardiac stress testing 1241:high blood cholesterol 1223:Risk factors include: 1100:anterior cardiac veins 1012:that is caused by the 938: 876:Johns Hopkins Hospital 840: 811:cardiovascular disease 805:Cardiac rehabilitation 775:pulmonary hypertension 630:coronary heart disease 454:pacemaker implantation 441:cardiopulmonary bypass 433:cardiothoracic surgery 386:valvular heart disease 99:Cardiovascular Imaging 10638:Transcutaneous pacing 10442:Heart transplantation 10363:Ventricular reduction 10179:Blalock–Taussig shunt 9522:Wolff–Parkinson–White 9482:Premature contraction 9380:Adams–Stokes syndrome 9083:Loeffler endocarditis 8893:Myocardial infarction 8703:arteriovenous fistula 8517:Bracht–Wachter bodies 7614:Personalized medicine 7473:Reproductive medicine 7398:Occupational medicine 7352:Evolutionary medicine 4929:"High Blood Pressure" 4362:Clinical Epidemiology 4185:"Types of Arrhythmia" 4118:"What Is Arrhythmia?" 2714:Outline of cardiology 2465:List of cardiologists 2263:CURE (1991) — use of 2244:antiarrhythmic agents 2097: 2004:heart transplantation 1842: 1551:loss of consciousness 1257:arteries of the heart 995:pulmonary circulation 936: 884:Blalock-Taussig Shunt 838: 803:Further information: 664:Further information: 634:myocardial infarction 510:(DNB) in Cardiology. 400:, a sub-specialty of 368:. The field includes 366:cardiovascular system 93:Pediatric Cardiology, 10612:Ballistocardiography 10169:systemic circulation 9689:Right axis deviation 9651:Sudden cardiac death 9009:Pericardial effusion 8952:Ventricular aneurysm 8540:Pericardial effusion 8445:Aortic insufficiency 8258:Mitral insufficiency 8240:Graham Steell murmur 7634:Traditional medicine 7594:Alternative medicine 7461:Addiction psychiatry 7275:Transfusion medicine 7270:Medical microbiology 7185:Gynecologic oncology 7037:Reproductive surgery 6718:"Truncus Arteriosus" 6223:Current Drug Targets 5115:. September 10, 2015 4420:(6 Suppl): S118–22. 2699:Glossary of medicine 2454:Indian Heart Journal 2405:Circulation Research 2395:Cardiology in Review 2339:Heart Rhythm Society 2313:Cardiology community 2116:atrial septal defect 1861:persistent elevation 1528:Sudden cardiac death 1306:In 2013 CAD was the 1235:, lack of exercise, 1194:sudden cardiac death 1134:physical examination 1074:Coronary circulation 1068:Coronary circulation 987:systemic circulation 831:Pediatric cardiology 210:Glossary of medicine 36:Cardiology (journal) 10491:Cardiac stress test 10469:Electrocardiography 10408:Pacemaker insertion 10155:Kawashima procedure 10119:compound procedures 9994:Aortic valve repair 9967:Mitral valve repair 9694:Left axis deviation 9551:Atrial fibrillation 9546:Ventricular flutter 9469:Torsades de pointes 9343:Bundle branch block 9302:Sick sinus syndrome 9088:Cardiac amyloidosis 9073:Tachycardia-induced 8928:Myocardial stunning 8876:Prinzmetal's angina 8845:Coronary thrombosis 8473:Austin Flint murmur 8252:Carey Coombs murmur 7656:History of medicine 7639:Veterinary medicine 7446:Preventive medicine 7298:Adolescent medicine 7140:Infectious diseases 6796:Clinical Cardiology 6413:Reproductive Health 5691:Riccioni G (2009). 5621:(1 Suppl): S3–S14. 4790:. February 19, 2015 4375:10.2147/CLEP.S47385 4304:on 17 February 2015 4274:on 18 February 2015 4158:on 19 February 2015 4099:Atrius Cardiac Care 3855:. 29 September 2014 3725:. 29 September 2014 3544:on 24 February 2015 3362:Acute Heart Failure 2652:electrocardiography 2546:(1578–1657), wrote 2415:Clinical Cardiology 2369:Cardiology journals 2295:instead of warfarin 2293:atrial fibrillation 2022:Tetralogy of Fallot 2017:Tetralogy of Fallot 1984:rubella vaccination 1845:high blood pressure 1823:. It also can be a 1723:millimeters mercury 1563:shortness of breath 1465:atrial fibrillation 1414:shortness of breath 1312:developed countries 1225:high blood pressure 1218:irregular heartbeat 1210:Shortness of breath 1128:Cardiac examination 1122:Cardiac examination 1092:middle cardiac vein 890:Tetralogy of Fallot 839:Tetralogy of Fallot 646:atrial fibrillation 561:antiarrhythmic drug 219: 138:atrial fibrillation 87:Nuclear Cardiology, 43: 10544:Cardiovascular MRI 10474:Vectorcardiography 10329:Pericardial window 10324:Pericardiocentesis 10265:Drug-eluting stent 10094:Rastelli procedure 10043:Balloon septostomy 9797:Atrial enlargement 9595:Pacemaker syndrome 9517:Lown–Ganong–Levine 9439:Junctional ectopic 9434:AV nodal reentrant 8940:Myocardial rupture 8850:Coronary vasospasm 8744:Trendelenburg test 8677:pseudohypertension 8655:Right heart strain 8649:pulmonary embolism 8264:Presystolic murmur 8135:circulatory system 8131:Signs and symptoms 7999:Pulmonary arteries 7933:Circulatory system 7604:Molecular oncology 7561:Doctor of Medicine 7551:Master of Medicine 7468:Radiation oncology 7340:Emergency medicine 7293:Addiction medicine 7260:Clinical chemistry 7255:Clinical pathology 7047:Transplant surgery 7005:Orthopedic surgery 6983:Colorectal surgery 5759:10.1042/CS20080072 4331:www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ 4298:www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ 4268:www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ 2630:blue baby syndrome 2480:Christiaan Barnard 2209:cardiac monitoring 2140:truncus arteriosus 2124:Rastelli procedure 2100: 2080:pulmonary stenosis 1848: 1813:endocrine diseases 1704:excess body weight 1586:very low potassium 1584:, lack of oxygen, 1374:Cardiac arrhythmia 1343:. You can help by 1269:coronary angiogram 1096:small cardiac vein 1088:great cardiac vein 939: 866:. She worked with 841: 684:Doppler ultrasound 546:electrocardiograms 284:Doctor of Medicine 277:Education required 217: 41: 32:Cardiology (album) 10660: 10659: 10517:Angiocardiography 10463:Electrophysiology 10450: 10449: 10393:Catheter ablation 10376:Conduction system 10301:LeCompte maneuver 10289:Bentall procedure 10150:Norwood procedure 10140:Senning procedure 10135:Mustard procedure 10038:Atrial septostomy 9989:Valve replacement 9865: 9864: 9857:Obstructive shock 9761: 9760: 9708:Short QT syndrome 9675:Other / ungrouped 9666:Sinoatrial arrest 9581:Ectopic pacemaker 9477: 9476: 9297:Sinus bradycardia 9269: 9268: 9265: 9264: 9014:Cardiac tamponade 8967: 8966: 8957:Dressler syndrome 8855:Myocardial bridge 8770: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8729:Friedreich's sign 8636:Cardarelli's sign 8606: 8605: 8536:Cardiac tamponade 8328:Pulsus bisferiens 8218:Functional murmur 8097: 8096: 8018: 8017: 7927: 7926: 7722: 7721: 7556:Master of Surgery 7520: 7519: 7505:Tropical medicine 7451:Prison healthcare 7366:Hospital medicine 7330:Disaster medicine 7320:Aviation medicine 7135:Hospital medicine 7042:Surgical oncology 7027:Pediatric surgery 7021: 6968:Endocrine surgery 6876:978-0-19-964321-9 6857:978-0-323-46299-0 6844:Braunwald, Eugene 6538:(9995): 743–800. 6336:978-92-4-156437-3 6054:10.5858/133.2.189 5925:J Hypertens Suppl 5584:(5 Suppl): S3–9. 5512:(9587): 591–603. 5470:978-0-7216-0240-0 5418:Ann. Intern. Med. 5333:10.1111/jch.12479 5231:(10017): 435–43. 4189:www.nhlbi.nih.gov 4152:www.nhlbi.nih.gov 4122:www.nhlbi.nih.gov 3372:978-1-84628-782-4 2909:(12): 1269–1271. 2866:10.1111/jce.15598 2809:. theatlantic.com 2807:What Doctors Make 2635:Paul Dudley White 2607:Jacqueline Noonan 2556:Murray S. Hoffman 2538:Andreas Gruentzig 2375:Acta Cardiologica 2152:Ebstein's anomaly 2120:Senning procedure 2045:Pulmonary atresia 2040:Pulmonary atresia 1661:medical condition 1361: 1360: 1030:action potentials 1022:electrophysiology 1014:cardiac pacemaker 910:Ebstein's anomaly 894:pulmonary atresia 825:sports cardiology 466:internal medicine 445:valve replacement 418:, a specialty of 402:internal medicine 390:electrophysiology 372:and treatment of 370:medical diagnosis 328: 327: 215: 214: 96:Echocardiography, 16:(Redirected from 10680: 10652: 10651: 10617:Cardiotocography 10585: 10549:Ventriculography 10522:Echocardiography 10513: 10465: 10381:Maze procedure ( 10378: 10344: 10320: 10273: 10272:Obstacle removal 10260:Bare-metal stent 10256: 10216: 10173:pulmonary artery 10165: 10120: 10105:pulmonary artery 10078:Fontan procedure 10073:pulmonary artery 10065: 10029: 9943: 9942: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9869: 9868: 9830:Cardiac fibrosis 9722:T wave alternans 9615:Long QT syndrome 9409:Supraventricular 9405: 9404: 9338:Intraventricular 9285: 9284: 9125: 9124: 8976: 8975: 8821:Coronary disease 8818: 8817: 8797: 8790: 8783: 8774: 8773: 8756:Pemberton's sign 8617: 8616: 8612:Vascular disease 8458:De Musset's sign 8453:Collapsing pulse 8441: 8440: 8340:Pulsus alternans 8333:Pulsus bigeminus 8318:Pulsus paradoxus 8133:relating to the 8124: 8117: 8110: 8101: 8100: 8037:Microcirculation 7938: 7937: 7909:Lymphatic vessel 7866:Superficial vein 7771: 7770: 7749: 7742: 7735: 7726: 7725: 7712: 7711: 7702: 7692: 7691: 7682: 7681: 7672: 7671: 7376:Medical genetics 7361:General practice 7238:Nuclear medicine 7113:Gastroenterology 7069:Vascular surgery 7019: 6946: 6945: 6920: 6913: 6906: 6897: 6896: 6880: 6861: 6830: 6829: 6819: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6770: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6723:Cleveland Clinic 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6672: 6654: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6604: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6555: 6523: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6494: 6483: 6482: 6460: 6449: 6448: 6438: 6428: 6404: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6352: 6341: 6340: 6328: 6317: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6274: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6246:. Archived from 6213: 6207: 6206: 6196: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5801: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5746:Clinical Science 5740: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5721:. Archived from 5688: 5682: 5681: 5671: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5571: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5395: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5344: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5295: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5198:10.7326/M14-0773 5180: 5174: 5173: 5163: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5069: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5028: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4972:(28): 2159–219. 4963: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4893:(9995): 801–12. 4882: 4865: 4864: 4852: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4780: 4769: 4768: 4754:Medical sciences 4748: 4739: 4738: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4675: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4508: 4499: 4498: 4478: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4449: 4438: 4437: 4407: 4398: 4397: 4387: 4377: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4323: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4243: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4181: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4114: 4101: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4064: 4055: 4054: 4044: 4027:(14): 1493–501. 4012: 4006: 4005: 3995: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3946: 3936: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3895: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3849: 3838: 3837: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3702: 3692: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3649: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3621: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3563: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3534: 3523: 3522: 3512: 3495:(9963): 117–71. 3480: 3467: 3466: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3307: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3242: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3174:"Cardiomyopathy" 3170: 3164: 3163: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3105: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3040: 3016: 3010: 3009: 2999: 2982:(9): 1056–1064. 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2951: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2926: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2877: 2860:(8): 1966–1977. 2845: 2839: 2832: 2826: 2819: 2810: 2803: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2730: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2626:Helen B. Taussig 2568:Samuel A. Levine 2524:Werner Forssmann 2514:Willem Einthoven 2486:Eugene Braunwald 2284:in heart failure 2277:in heart failure 2253:in heart failure 2030:overriding aorta 1986:, the adding of 1609:shockable rhythm 1607:(CPR) and, if a 1594:long QT syndrome 1582:major blood loss 1573:usually occurs. 1449:bradyarrhythmias 1356: 1353: 1335: 1328: 1271:, among others. 1053:fluidic movement 844:Helen B. Taussig 818:, stress tests, 771:heart transplant 767:cardiomyopathies 731: 728:the heart under 666:Echocardiography 621:Cardiogeriatrics 615:Cardiogeriatrics 460:Adult cardiology 416:cardiac surgeons 256:Activity sectors 220: 216: 172: 111: 51: 44: 40: 21: 10688: 10687: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10678: 10677: 10663: 10662: 10661: 10656: 10642: 10621: 10593: 10589:Phonocardiogram 10581: 10511:Cardiac imaging 10509: 10461: 10446: 10374: 10358:Septal myectomy 10348:Cardiomyoplasty 10340: 10334:Pericardiectomy 10316: 10305: 10271: 10252: 10212: 10206:Cardiac vessels 10201: 10195:Glenn procedure 10163: 10118: 10101:right ventricle 10063: 10027: 9949: 9934: 9930:Cardiac imaging 9915:Cardiac surgery 9906: 9896: 9866: 9861: 9852:Rheumatic fever 9818: 9757: 9670: 9637: 9609: 9567: 9526: 9503: 9473: 9445: 9392: 9384: 9278: 9261: 9169: 9118: 9109: 9025: 9019:Hemopericardium 8963: 8904: 8898:Unstable angina 8871:Angina pectoris 8864:Active ischemia 8859: 8807: 8801: 8771: 8762: 8739:Kussmaul's sign 8715: 8630:aortic aneurysm 8602: 8574:Anitschkow cell 8567:rheumatic fever 8554: 8521: 8482: 8463:Duroziez's sign 8430: 8391: 8344: 8294: 8167: 8137: 8128: 8098: 8093: 8079:Vascular nerves 8014: 7983: 7923: 7919:Lymph capillary 7895: 7876:Perforator vein 7847: 7804: 7783:Nutrient artery 7762: 7753: 7723: 7718: 7660: 7649:Chief physician 7582: 7527: 7516: 7510:Travel medicine 7495:Sports medicine 7478:Sexual medicine 7418:Palliative care 7413:Pain management 7357:Family medicine 7335:Diving medicine 7281: 7209: 7171: 7164: 7080: 7073: 7032:Plastic surgery 6978:General surgery 6958:Cardiac surgery 6939: 6937: 6929: 6924: 6887: 6877: 6858: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6788: 6784: 6739: 6735: 6714: 6710: 6701: 6699: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6606: 6605: 6596: 6586: 6584: 6573: 6569: 6524: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6496: 6495: 6486: 6479: 6461: 6452: 6419:(Suppl 3): S3. 6405: 6401: 6391: 6389: 6380: 6379: 6375: 6365: 6363: 6354: 6353: 6344: 6337: 6326: 6318: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6276: 6275: 6262: 6253: 6251: 6214: 6210: 6163: 6159: 6150: 6148: 6116: 6112: 6079: 6075: 6066: 6064: 6032: 6028: 6003: 5999: 5990: 5988: 5956: 5952: 5921: 5917: 5908: 5906: 5874: 5870: 5861: 5859: 5827: 5823: 5778: 5774: 5741: 5737: 5728: 5726: 5689: 5685: 5646: 5642: 5609: 5605: 5572: 5565: 5556: 5554: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5502: 5498: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5471: 5457: 5453: 5413: 5409: 5370: 5366: 5313: 5309: 5278:(8): CD006742. 5264: 5260: 5217: 5213: 5181: 5177: 5146:(6): CD000028. 5132: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5107: 5106: 5099: 5046: 5042: 5005: 5001: 4986:1854/LU-4127523 4961: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4883: 4868: 4861: 4850: 4842: 4838: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4782: 4781: 4772: 4765: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4702:. June 22, 2016 4694: 4693: 4689: 4652: 4648: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4599:. June 22, 2016 4591: 4590: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4573:. June 22, 2016 4565: 4564: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4544:. June 22, 2016 4536: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4518:. June 22, 2016 4510: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4479: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4459:. June 22, 2016 4451: 4450: 4441: 4408: 4401: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4337:on 3 March 2015 4325: 4324: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4277: 4275: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4183: 4182: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4128:on 2 March 2015 4116: 4115: 4104: 4092: 4088: 4075:(40): 1377–81. 4065: 4058: 4013: 4009: 3978:(14): 1483–92. 3964: 3960: 3913: 3909: 3886:(19): 2086–95. 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3851: 3850: 3841: 3809: 3805: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3590: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3573:on 2 March 2015 3565: 3564: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3536: 3535: 3526: 3481: 3470: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3343: 3325: 3321: 3268: 3264: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3204: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3182: 3180: 3178:medlineplus.gov 3172: 3171: 3167: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3066: 3062: 3017: 3013: 2968: 2964: 2956: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2895: 2891: 2846: 2842: 2833: 2829: 2820: 2813: 2804: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2691:medicine portal 2689: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2611:Noonan syndrome 2597:Woldemar Mobitz 2578:, known as the 2496:Wallace Brigden 2467: 2461: 2371: 2367:Main category: 2365: 2320: 2315: 2303:coronary stents 2225: 2205:cardiac imaging 2189:medical history 2178: 2172: 2149: 2147:Ebstein anomaly 2133: 2092: 2073: 2042: 2019: 1965:Marfan syndrome 1961:Turner syndrome 1918: 1912: 1865:atherosclerosis 1854: 1837: 1817:kidney diseases 1766: 1758:Main articles: 1756: 1744:life expectancy 1651: 1645: 1543: 1537: 1406:lightheadedness 1382: 1376: 1357: 1351: 1348: 1341:needs expansion 1326: 1320: 1301:life expectancy 1253:atherosclerosis 1190:unstable angina 1182: 1176: 1167: 1161: 1159:Heart disorders 1130: 1124: 1108:atherosclerosis 1076: 1070: 1018:sinoatrial node 1016:located in the 945: 931: 922: 833: 807: 801: 789: 783: 762: 746:atherosclerosis 729: 713: 707: 692:hemochromatosis 676: 662: 650:atherosclerosis 623: 617: 604: 598: 529: 523: 462: 435:. For example, 428: 426:Specializations 420:general surgery 315: 313: 278: 257: 245: 244:Occupation type 188:echocardiograms 180:cardiac imaging 170: 164: 128:atherosclerosis 109: 102: 54: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10686: 10676: 10675: 10658: 10657: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10640: 10635: 10629: 10627: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10603: 10601: 10599:Function tests 10595: 10594: 10592: 10591: 10586: 10578: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10558: 10557: 10556: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10535: 10534: 10529: 10519: 10514: 10506: 10505: 10500: 10499: 10498: 10496:Bruce protocol 10488: 10483: 10481:Holter monitor 10478: 10477: 10476: 10466: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10451: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10422: 10416: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10379: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10337: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10313: 10311: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10297: 10296: 10291: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10277:Endarterectomy 10274: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10254:Coronary stent 10249: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10222: 10217: 10209: 10207: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10199: 10198: 10197: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10144: 10143: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10112: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10085:left ventricle 10082: 10081: 10080: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10057: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10040: 10030: 10024: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10012: 10011: 10006: 10004:Ross procedure 9996: 9991: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9979: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9953: 9951: 9940: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9911: 9908: 9907: 9902:involving the 9895: 9894: 9887: 9880: 9872: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9848: 9847: 9845:Cardiac asthma 9842: 9832: 9826: 9824: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9771: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9753:Strain pattern 9750: 9749: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9712: 9711: 9710: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9678: 9676: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9647: 9645: 9643:Cardiac arrest 9639: 9638: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9623:Andersen–Tawil 9619: 9617: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9577: 9575: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9548: 9543: 9541:Atrial flutter 9537: 9535: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9513: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9485: 9483: 9479: 9478: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9455: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9436: 9426: 9425: 9424: 9413: 9411: 9402: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9377: 9376: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9340: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9313: 9304: 9299: 9293: 9291: 9282: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9257: 9252: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9221: 9220: 9219: 9214: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9177: 9175: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9160: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9133: 9131: 9122: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9051:Cardiomyopathy 9048: 9047: 9046: 9044:Chagas disease 9035: 9033: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9023: 9022: 9021: 9016: 9006: 9005: 9004: 8995: 8984: 8982: 8973: 8969: 8968: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8954: 8944: 8943: 8942: 8932: 8931: 8930: 8925: 8914: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8895: 8885: 8884: 8883: 8878: 8867: 8865: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8836: 8831: 8824: 8822: 8815: 8809: 8808: 8800: 8799: 8792: 8785: 8777: 8768: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8760: 8759: 8758: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8725: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8712: 8711: 8699: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8680: 8673: 8672: 8671: 8659: 8658: 8657: 8645: 8644: 8643: 8638: 8625: 8623: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8595: 8594: 8593: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8531: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8508:Janeway lesion 8505: 8493: 8491: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8449: 8447: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8426:Template:Shock 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8401: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8378:Cannon A waves 8370: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8342: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8330: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8304: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8237: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8223:Still's murmur 8220: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8177: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8164: 8163: 8153: 8147: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8127: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8104: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8064:Tunica externa 8061: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8049: 8039: 8034: 8028: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8007:Pulmonary vein 7993: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7946: 7944: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7905: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7881:Emissary veins 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7857: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7834: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7814: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7800:Elastic artery 7797: 7796: 7795: 7785: 7779: 7777: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7752: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7729: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7706: 7696: 7686: 7676: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7590: 7588: 7587:Related topics 7584: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7536:Medical school 7532: 7530: 7522: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7512: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7490:Sleep medicine 7487: 7486: 7485: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7432: 7431: 7430: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7310: 7303:Anesthesiology 7300: 7295: 7289: 7287: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7235: 7233:Neuroradiology 7230: 7219: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7176: 7174: 7170:Obstetrics and 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7085: 7083: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7054: 7052:Trauma surgery 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7023: 7022: 7015:Otolaryngology 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6954: 6952: 6943: 6941:subspecialties 6931: 6930: 6923: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6886: 6885:External links 6883: 6882: 6881: 6875: 6862: 6856: 6846:, ed. (2019). 6838: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6782: 6753:(7): TE01–10. 6733: 6708: 6684: 6625: 6594: 6567: 6515: 6504:. July 1, 2011 6484: 6477: 6450: 6399: 6388:. July 1, 2011 6373: 6362:. July 1, 2011 6342: 6335: 6295: 6284:. July 1, 2011 6260: 6208: 6157: 6110: 6073: 6048:(2): 189–200. 6026: 6015:(80): 168–73. 5997: 5950: 5915: 5868: 5821: 5772: 5735: 5683: 5662:(5): 1348–54. 5640: 5603: 5563: 5539: 5496: 5476: 5469: 5451: 5407: 5364: 5307: 5258: 5211: 5175: 5126: 5097: 5040: 4999: 4948: 4920: 4866: 4859: 4836: 4801: 4770: 4763: 4740: 4734:978-1455733941 4733: 4713: 4687: 4646: 4610: 4584: 4555: 4529: 4500: 4493: 4470: 4439: 4399: 4348: 4315: 4285: 4255: 4226:(7): 536–543. 4206: 4195:on 7 June 2015 4169: 4139: 4102: 4086: 4056: 4007: 3958: 3907: 3866: 3839: 3820:(10): 905–11. 3803: 3760: 3736: 3714: 3663: 3656: 3633: 3604:(2): 140–151. 3584: 3555: 3524: 3468: 3425: 3418: 3398: 3388: 3378: 3371: 3351: 3319: 3282:(6): 749–756. 3262: 3213: 3189: 3165: 3146:(4): 64B–88B. 3126: 3117: 3080:(4): 563–vii. 3060: 3031:(7): 688–699. 3011: 2962: 2938: 2889: 2840: 2827: 2811: 2795: 2769: 2760: 2758:echoboards.org 2751: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2663: 2654: 2641: 2632: 2623: 2617:John Parkinson 2614: 2604: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2544:William Harvey 2541: 2535: 2521: 2511: 2505:Manoj Durairaj 2502: 2500:cardiomyopathy 2493: 2483: 2477: 2463:Main article: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2299: 2296: 2285: 2278: 2271: 2261: 2254: 2251:ACE inhibitors 2247: 2240: 2237: 2224: 2221: 2191:, followed by 2174:Main article: 2171: 2168: 2148: 2145: 2132: 2129: 2091: 2088: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2041: 2038: 2018: 2015: 1914:Main article: 1911: 1908: 1893:cardiovascular 1850:Main article: 1836: 1833: 1755: 1752: 1665:blood pressure 1647:Main article: 1644: 1641: 1613:defibrillation 1541:Cardiac arrest 1539:Main article: 1536: 1535:Cardiac arrest 1533: 1520:defibrillation 1512:blood thinners 1489:Holter monitor 1469:atrial flutter 1430:cardiac arrest 1378:Main article: 1375: 1372: 1359: 1358: 1338: 1336: 1324:Cardiomyopathy 1322:Main article: 1319: 1318:Cardiomyopathy 1316: 1178:Main article: 1175: 1172: 1163:Main article: 1160: 1157: 1126:Main article: 1123: 1120: 1072:Main article: 1069: 1066: 989:— through the 980:cause of death 941:Main article: 930: 927: 921: 918: 868:Alfred Blalock 832: 829: 800: 797: 787:Cardiooncology 785:Main article: 782: 781:Cardiooncology 779: 761: 758: 722:femoral artery 709:Main article: 706: 703: 661: 658: 642:cardiomyopathy 619:Main article: 616: 613: 600:Main article: 597: 594: 567:and automatic 525:Main article: 522: 519: 461: 458: 427: 424: 326: 325: 316: 311: 308: 307: 306: 305: 299: 293: 287: 279: 276: 273: 272: 268: 267: 258: 255: 252: 251: 246: 243: 240: 239: 238: 237: 234: 229: 225: 224: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 173: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 151: 148:cardiomyopathy 145: 135: 125: 114: 112: 105: 104: 101: 100: 97: 94: 91: 88: 85: 82: 79: 75: 72: 68: 67: 64:Cardiovascular 60: 56: 55: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10685: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10655: 10645: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10633:Cardioversion 10631: 10630: 10628: 10624: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10596: 10590: 10587: 10584: 10580: 10579: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10562: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10512: 10508: 10507: 10504: 10501: 10497: 10494: 10493: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10475: 10472: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10464: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10453: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10423: 10420: 10417: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10377: 10373: 10372: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10353:Dor procedure 10351: 10349: 10346: 10343: 10339: 10338: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10302: 10299: 10298: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10270: 10269: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10250: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10230: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10215: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10204: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10191: 10188:to the right 10187: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10170: 10167: 10162: 10161: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10122: 10117: 10116: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10090: 10086: 10083: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10074: 10070: 10067: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10034: 10031: 10026: 10025: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10010: 10009:Transcatheter 10007: 10005: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9972:Valvuloplasty 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9905: 9901: 9893: 9888: 9886: 9881: 9879: 9874: 9873: 9870: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9835:Heart failure 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9825: 9821: 9815: 9812: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9798: 9795: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9776: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9764: 9754: 9751: 9747: 9746:ST depression 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9706: 9705: 9704: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9673: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9612: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9582: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9570: 9564: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9538: 9536: 9534: 9529: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9506: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9480: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9448: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9431: 9430: 9427: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9418: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9396: 9391: 9387: 9381: 9378: 9374: 9373:Trifascicular 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9276: 9272: 9256: 9255:regurgitation 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9236:regurgitation 9234: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9218: 9217:regurgitation 9215: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9198:regurgitation 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9172: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9155: 9154: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9139: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9116: 9112: 9106: 9103: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9028: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9010: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8990: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8977: 8974: 8970: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8948: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8907: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8886: 8882: 8881:Stable angina 8879: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8862: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8829: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8810: 8805: 8798: 8793: 8791: 8786: 8784: 8779: 8778: 8775: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8752: 8751: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8734:Caput medusae 8732: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8691: 8690:Lines of Zahn 8688: 8687: 8686: 8685: 8681: 8679: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8641:Oliver's sign 8639: 8637: 8634: 8633: 8632: 8631: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8609: 8599: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8586: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8485: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8468:Müller's sign 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8427: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8394: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8379: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8368:Cœur en sabot 8366: 8362: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8347: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8297: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8228: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8206: 8202: 8201:Gallop rhythm 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8162: 8161:Levine's sign 8159: 8158: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8151:Referred pain 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8125: 8120: 8118: 8113: 8111: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8084:Rete mirabile 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8074:Vasa nervorum 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8042:Tunica intima 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7990: 7986: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7943: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7930: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7886:Venous plexus 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7861:Vena comitans 7859: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7738: 7736: 7731: 7730: 7727: 7715: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7695: 7687: 7685: 7677: 7675: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7619:Public health 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7599:Allied health 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7523: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7408:Oral medicine 7406: 7404: 7403:Ophthalmology 7401: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7265:Cytopathology 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7206: 7205:Urogynecology 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7108:Endocrinology 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6921: 6916: 6914: 6909: 6907: 6902: 6901: 6898: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6878: 6872: 6868: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6840: 6827: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6809: 6808:10.1002/clc.6 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6712: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6629: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6582: 6578: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6520: 6503: 6499: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6480: 6478:9781444358216 6474: 6470: 6466: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6446: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6403: 6387: 6383: 6377: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6338: 6332: 6325: 6324: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6250:on 2013-01-12 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6212: 6204: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6179:(6): 349–57. 6178: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6161: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6114: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6077: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6030: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6011:(in Polish). 6010: 6009: 6001: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5972:(3): 681–95. 5971: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5919: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5890:(3): 733–51. 5889: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5872: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5843:(3): 665–80. 5842: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5792:(3): 167–77. 5791: 5787: 5783: 5776: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5753:(4): 273–82. 5752: 5748: 5747: 5739: 5725:on 2013-01-12 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5705:(8): 988–96. 5704: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5687: 5679: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5570: 5568: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5486: 5480: 5472: 5466: 5462: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5424:(9): 761–76. 5423: 5420: 5419: 5411: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5386:(3): 329–35. 5385: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5327:(3): 165–67. 5326: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5192:(3): 184–91. 5191: 5187: 5179: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5102: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5019:(5): 507–20. 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4952: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4924: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4862: 4860:9789241564373 4856: 4849: 4848: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4817:(5): 569–71. 4816: 4812: 4805: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4766: 4764:9780702052491 4760: 4756: 4755: 4747: 4745: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4717: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4621:Resuscitation 4614: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4560: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4505: 4496: 4494:9780781788991 4490: 4486: 4485: 4477: 4475: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4414: 4406: 4404: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4061: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3927:(2): 163–70. 3926: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3724: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3659: 3657:9789241564373 3653: 3646: 3645: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3441:(5): 276–89. 3440: 3436: 3429: 3421: 3419:9781441969200 3415: 3411: 3410: 3402: 3392: 3382: 3374: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3355: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3233:(3): 328–30. 3232: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2955: 2948: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2844: 2837: 2831: 2824: 2818: 2816: 2808: 2802: 2800: 2784:on 2015-08-13 2783: 2779: 2773: 2764: 2755: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2681: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2576:heart murmurs 2573: 2572:Levine's sign 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2471:Robert Atkins 2469: 2468: 2466: 2459:Cardiologists 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2420:EP – Europace 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2028:(VSD) and an 2027: 2023: 2014: 2012: 2007: 2005: 2001: 2000:heart surgery 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1957:Down syndrome 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1930:heart failure 1927: 1923: 1917: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881:renal disease 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869:heart failure 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1846: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1807:is a type of 1806: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775:environmental 1771: 1765: 1761: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1702:in the diet, 1701: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681:heart failure 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1663:in which the 1662: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1628:United States 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:heart failure 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1532: 1529: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1516:cardioversion 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500:beta blockers 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1426:heart failure 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1381: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1355: 1352:November 2021 1346: 1342: 1339:This section 1337: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289:nitroglycerin 1286: 1285:beta blockers 1282: 1278: 1277:antiplatelets 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1214:heart failure 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186:stable angina 1181: 1171: 1166: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1119: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:blood vessels 1075: 1065: 1062: 1061:Heart failure 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1002: 1000: 996: 993:— called the 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 976:heart disease 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 944: 935: 926: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 872:Vivien Thomas 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 837: 828: 826: 821: 820:lipid profile 817: 812: 806: 796: 794: 788: 778: 776: 772: 768: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 737: 735: 727: 723: 718: 712: 702: 699: 697: 693: 688: 685: 680: 675: 671: 667: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 638:heart failure 635: 631: 626: 622: 612: 608: 603: 593: 590: 586: 582: 577: 572: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 528: 518: 516: 511: 509: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 473:United States 469: 467: 457: 455: 451: 446: 442: 438: 434: 423: 421: 417: 413: 412: 407: 406:pediatricians 403: 399: 398:cardiologists 395: 391: 387: 383: 382:heart failure 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 353: 347: 343: 339: 336: 335:Ancient Greek 332: 324: 320: 317: 309: 303: 300: 297: 294: 291: 288: 285: 282: 281: 280: 274: 269: 266: 262: 259: 253: 250: 247: 241: 235: 232: 231: 230: 226: 221: 211: 208: 204: 200: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 174: 167: 161: 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 122:heart failure 119: 116: 115: 113: 106: 103: 98: 95: 92: 89: 86: 83: 80: 77: 76: 73: 69: 66: 65: 61: 57: 50: 45: 37: 33: 19: 18:Cardiologists 10421:implantation 10415:implantation 10398:Cryoablation 10239:Off-pump CAB 10049: 10032: 9957:Valve repair 9947:Heart valves 9767:Cardiomegaly 9741:ST elevation 9728: 9714: 9700: 9681: 9585:Ectopic beat 9533:fibrillation 9368:Bifascicular 9242: 9223: 9204: 9180: 9150: 9136: 9129:Endocarditis 9068:Hypertrophic 9002:Constrictive 8988:Pericarditis 8946: 8934: 8917: 8748: 8701: 8697:Adson's sign 8682: 8675: 8669:Allen's test 8661: 8647: 8628: 8583: 8579:Aschoff body 8565: 8550:Ewart's sign 8545:Beck's triad 8534: 8512:Osler's node 8498:endocarditis 8496: 8478:Mayne's sign 8424:See further 8420:Distributive 8356:Palpitations 8322: 8256: 8208:Heart murmur 8181:Heart sounds 8173:Auscultation 8069:Vasa vasorum 8059:Tunica media 8024:Microanatomy 7793:Metarteriole 7624:Rural health 7609:Nanomedicine 7160:Rheumatology 7102: 7091: / 7010:Hand surgery 6995:Neurosurgery 6866: 6850:. 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Retrieved 2738: 2728: 2591:Bernard Lown 2585: 2580:Levine scale 2562:Max Holzmann 2547: 2489: 2435:Heart Rhythm 2318:Associations 2256:4S (1994) — 2226: 2193:Auscultation 2179: 2157: 2150: 2138:is when the 2134: 2101: 2074: 2050: 2048:connection. 2043: 2020: 2011:birth defect 2008: 1981: 1977:heart valves 1934: 1919: 1855: 1809:hypertension 1803: 1770:hypertension 1767: 1746:and reduced 1735: 1712: 1697: 1654:Hypertension 1652: 1649:Hypertension 1643:Hypertension 1635:significant 1625: 1611:is present, 1602: 1575: 1544: 1524: 1508:procainamide 1493: 1434: 1402:palpitations 1383: 1365: 1362: 1349: 1345:adding to it 1340: 1305: 1273: 1222: 1183: 1168: 1154: 1131: 1116: 1104: 1084:heart muscle 1077: 1050: 1010:muscle cells 1007: 1003: 984: 973: 965:heart sounds 957:heart valves 946: 923: 888: 842: 808: 793:chemotherapy 790: 763: 738: 714: 700: 689: 681: 677: 632:, including 627: 624: 609: 605: 588: 574:The cardiac 573: 558: 554:cryoablation 530: 512: 501: 470: 463: 429: 415: 409: 397: 349: 345: 341: 338: 330: 329: 218:Cardiologist 201:Cardiologist 169:Significant 108:Significant 74: 71:Subdivisions 62: 10575:Cardiac PET 10318:Pericardium 10282:Atherectomy 10220:Angioplasty 9962:Valvulotomy 9633:Romano–Ward 9600:Parasystole 9499:Ventricular 9451:Ventricular 9390:Tachycardia 9307:Heart block 9289:Bradycardia 9115:Endocardium 9078:Restrictive 9039:Myocarditis 8980:Pericardium 8527:Pericardium 8503:Roth's spot 8489:endocardium 8415:Hypovolemic 8410:Obstructive 8405:Cardiogenic 8313:Bradycardia 8308:Tachycardia 8278:Heart click 8047:Endothelium 8032:Microvessel 7995:Right heart 7980:Right heart 7964:Capillaries 7826:Fenestrated 7810:Capillaries 7694:Wikiproject 7483:Venereology 7428:Neonatology 7325:Dermatology 7180:Gynaecology 7172:gynaecology 7155:Pulmonology 6973:Eye surgery 6935:Specialties 6583:. WebMD LLC 6230:(1): 20–5. 6091:(1): 20–9. 5552:Mayo Clinic 5379:Circulation 4660:Circulation 4627:: 102–110. 4021:Circulation 3972:Circulation 3859:25 February 3753:25 February 3729:25 February 3577:23 February 3548:23 February 3276:Circulation 3202:www.who.int 3124:aseecho.org 3025:Circulation 2657:Louis Wolff 2648:Mayo Clinic 2475:Atkins diet 2400:Circulation 2197:blood tests 1926:bluish skin 1889:risk factor 1829:medications 1825:side effect 1700:excess salt 1689:vision loss 1437:extra beats 1410:passing out 1398:bradycardia 1394:tachycardia 1046:heart block 999:circulation 880:anastomosis 742:angioplasty 734:fluoroscopy 726:cannulating 696:amyloidosis 542:arrhythmias 271:Description 192:stress test 142:arrhythmias 10673:Cardiology 10570:Cardiac CT 10437:Cardiotomy 10342:Myocardium 10110:Sano shunt 9900:procedures 9898:Tests and 9531:Flutter / 9494:Junctional 9429:Junctional 9422:Multifocal 9395:paroxysmal 9311:Sinoatrial 9280:arrhythmia 9275:Conduction 9031:Myocardium 8385:Hyperaemia 8247:Continuous 8143:Chest pain 8011:Left heart 7960:Arterioles 7948:Left heart 7831:Sinusoidal 7821:Continuous 7456:Psychiatry 7442:(PM&R) 7435:Phlebology 7423:Pediatrics 7250:Anatomical 7215:Diagnostic 7195:Obstetrics 7145:Nephrology 7130:Hematology 7125:Geriatrics 7118:Hepatology 7103:Cardiology 7093:Immunology 6702:2022-06-19 6618:August 22, 6587:August 22, 6254:2009-06-20 6151:2009-06-20 6067:2009-06-20 5991:2009-06-20 5909:2009-06-20 5862:2009-06-20 5729:2009-06-20 5557:2024-07-21 5490:2009-06-05 4941:11 October 4368:: 213–20. 3776:(4): 402. 3346:2021-04-22 3333:StatPearls 3207:2019-05-14 3183:2024-06-03 2720:References 2215:, and the 2185:pathologic 2160:pediatrics 2082:. 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