80:
10007:
8858:
3933:
1522:
2541:
2461:, as the Church and the Emperor each attempted to gain more control over the appointment of bishops, and in doing so wield more influence in the lands and governments they were appointed to. Reserving to the cardinals the election of the pope represented a significant shift in the balance of power in the Early Medieval world. From the beginning of the 12th century, the College of Cardinals started to meet as such, when the cardinal bishops, cardinal priests and cardinal deacons ceased acting as separate groups.
40:
1501:
55:
7920:
12102:
7637:
1481:
1678:"required Bishops to establish Cardinal titles or parishes in their towns and outlining districts". At the same time, the popes began referring to the cardinal priests of Rome to serve as legates and delegates within Rome at ceremonies, synods, councils, etc., as well as abroad on diplomatic missions and councils. Those who were assigned to the latter roles were given the titles of Legatus a latere (Cardinal Legate) and Missus Specialis (Special Missions).
12414:
12091:
10019:
8870:
7934:
7661:
3945:
1541:
1973:
1511:
7649:
1491:
1716:(1316–1334) formalized this norm by limiting the college to twenty members. In the ensuing century, increasing the size of the college became a method for the pope to raise funds for construction or war, cultivate European alliances, and dilute the strength of the college as a spiritual and political counterweight to papal supremacy.
4033:
sets the general qualifications for a man to be appointed bishop quite broadly, requiring someone of faith and good reputation, at least thirty-five years old and with a certain level of education and five years' experience as a priest. The cardinals have nevertheless consistently elected the Bishop
2452:
was often bitterly fought for among Rome's aristocratic families and external secular authorities had significant influence over who was to be appointed pope, and the Holy Roman
Emperor in particular had the special power to appoint him. This was significant as the aims and views of the Holy Roman
1893:) when a vacancy occurred. In 1962 he established that all cardinals should be bishops, ending the identification of the order of cardinal deacon with cardinals who were not bishops. He consecrated the twelve non-bishop members of the college himself. In February 1965, Pope Paul VI decided that an
1739:
By the end of the 14th century, the practice of having solely
Italian cardinals had ceased. Between the 14th and 17th centuries, there was much struggle for the college between the cardinals and the reigning popes. Although some popes increased the number of cardinals in order to guarantee allies,
1888:
without a further ordination to the priesthood. In 1961 Pope John XXIII reserved to the pope the right to assign any member of college to one of the suburbicarian sees and the rank of cardinal bishop. Previously only the senior cardinal priest and the senior cardinal deacon had the privilege of
1867:
Other changes to the college in the 20th century affected specific orders. The 1917 Code of Canon Law decreed that from then on only those who were priests or bishops could be chosen as cardinals, thus officially closing the historical period in which some cardinals could be clergy who had only
4141:
The exclusion of those who had turned 80 eliminated the voting rights of 25 cardinals. Before the new rule there were 127 cardinals eligible to vote for a new pope, 38 of them
Italian. Under the new rule there were 102, 27 of them Italian. Cardinal
1897:
Patriarch who is created a cardinal would no longer be assigned a titular church in Rome, but maintain his see and join the order of cardinal bishops, the rank previously reserved to the six cardinals assigned to the
1827:
from 1971 onward. Then, in 1975, Paul set the maximum number of those under 80, the cardinal electors, at 120. His next consistory in 1976 brought the number of cardinal electors to its full complement of 120.
1711:
From the 13th to 15th centuries, the size of the
College of Cardinals never exceeded thirty, although there were more than thirty parishes and diaconal districts which could potentially have a titular holder;
2603:
2457:
took advantage of the new king's lack of power and in 1059 reserved the election of the pope to the clergy of the Church in Rome. This was part of a larger power struggle, which became known as the
1922:
Pope
Francis adjusted the rules regarding the Dean in December 2019, so they now serve for a term of five years which can be renewed by the Pope. No change was made regarding the Vice-Dean.
4146:, then 80, said the Pope's action was "an act committed in contempt of tradition that is centuries old" and was "throwing over board the bulk of his expert and gifted counselors". Cardinal
1914:
eased the rules governing the rank of cardinal bishop to open that rank to anyone of the pope's choosing, granting such cardinals the same privileges as those assigned suburbicarian sees.
10778:
10615:
9305:
952:
4038:(the last non-cardinal to become pope) in 1389. The conclave rules specify the procedures to be followed should they elect someone residing outside Vatican City or not yet a bishop.
9768:
1685:(816–17), the three classes of the college that are present today began to form. Stephen decreed that all cardinal-bishops were bound to sing Mass on rotation at the high altar at
1625:
ratified by the pope, and even the college itself. The total number of cardinals from 1099 to 1986 has been about 2,900 (excluding possible undocumented 12th-century cardinals and
5374:
9481:
2997:
2858:
2852:
1934:
9319:
4172:
dated 15 April 1962. On occasion a cardinal designate receives a dispensation from this rule. Pope John Paul II granted the first dispensation from this requirement to
9461:
10370:
9547:
4159:
When exceeding the 120 limit, John Paul II approved "temporary derogations" of the rule so that all of those under 80 could participate in a consistory as electors.
11785:
9557:
9300:
9283:
3278:
9400:
4699:
1659:, meaning "hinge". The office of cardinal as it is known today slowly evolved during the first millennium from the clergy of Rome. "The first time that the term
2485:), but the election requires papal confirmation. Except for presiding and delegating administrative tasks, they have no authority over the cardinals, acting as
10400:
9456:
4876:
In fact, John Paul II derogated from Paul's legislation several times and after consistories in 2001 and 2003, for example, there were as many as 135 electors.
4631:
3754:
9812:
9738:
9395:
4972:
11705:
9836:
9542:
3359:
1801:(1585–1590), the number was set at seventy on 3 December 1586, divided among fourteen cardinal-deacons, fifty cardinal-priests, and six cardinal-bishops.
10803:
3874:
3364:
1732:
limited the size of the college to twenty, and decreed that no new cardinals could be created until the size of the college had dropped to 16; however,
9844:
9471:
4935:
12138:
11270:
9537:
8258:
5205:
3719:
3503:
1569:
1417:
1151:
9405:
4545:
4508:
10056:
9466:
8608:
1930:
4573:
11591:
9959:
9268:
9067:
8771:
3251:
3224:
2812:
4667:
12397:
9476:
5597:
3975:
3354:
1781:
added another thirty-one cardinals, bringing the total to sixty-five so that he could have a supportive majority in the
College of Cardinals.
11983:
11770:
10773:
10110:
9891:
9451:
4076:
2678:
1689:, one per Sunday. The first class to form was that of the cardinal-deacons, direct theological descendants of the original seven ordained in
957:
1925:
The resignation or removal of members has been a relatively rare phenomenon. Between 1791 and 2018, only one was removed from the college –
10653:
9225:
8707:
2847:
2525:
1101:
11322:
11065:
10603:
9532:
9278:
9273:
9259:
7698:
5246:
3273:
3234:
2965:
1797:, and some French attendees advocated a limit of 24, that council did not prescribe a limit to the size of the college. By the papacy of
1434:
417:
5563:
5381:
11978:
11007:
10910:
8070:
5810:
5639:
5075:
A Church of
Passion and Hope: The Formation of An Ecclesial Disposition from Ignatius Loyola to Pope Francis and the New Evangelization
3889:
3664:
1926:
4600:
1671:
when in the Roman Synod of 769, it was decided that the Roman pontiff should be elected from among the deacons and cardinal priests."
11943:
11805:
10723:
4889:
2663:
502:
4793:
2399:
to elect a successor, but is then restricted to eligible
Cardinals under the age limit, which was set for the first time in 1970 by
10318:
9648:
8199:
4909:
3809:
3043:
1444:
594:
2412:(papal vacancy) period, and even then its powers are extremely limited by the terms of the current law, which is laid down in the
1823:
The total size of the college lost its significance when Paul VI decided to allow only cardinals under the age of 80 to vote in a
1751:(1431–1437, later transferred to Ferrara and then Florence) limited the size of the college to 24, as did the capitulation of the
11890:
10984:
9527:
9387:
8731:
8238:
1347:
10218:
10213:
8659:
7848:
5223:
4096:
4091:
3925:
3714:
3498:
3349:
3291:
3204:
2785:
5551:
5410:
4245:
12131:
11922:
11870:
10502:
9314:
7652:
4194:
3759:
3518:
2720:
2517:
2422:
1562:
393:
4762:
4150:, 86, objected that each cardinal's health should determine his fitness and suggested that 73-year-old Paul VI seemed frail.
1839:
reiterated the 120 maximum in 1996, yet his appointments to the college resulted in more than 120 cardinal electors on 4 of
11860:
11596:
10114:
10049:
8654:
4316:
3679:
2985:
2817:
1424:
1980:
12321:
11900:
11730:
10638:
10385:
9923:
9522:
9504:
9089:
8603:
8263:
3324:
3026:
2501:
1708:, all the classes were permitted to take part in papal elections; up to this point, only cardinal-bishops had this role.
1096:
624:
5045:
From today therefore, perhaps for the first time in the history of the Roman
Catholic Church, all Cardinals are Bishops.
11559:
11056:
10665:
10390:
9928:
9638:
9055:
8907:
8184:
8161:
7740:
6776:
5590:
3968:
3574:
2900:
2842:
2725:
1397:
1111:
5968:
12288:
11542:
11144:
10791:
10625:
10076:
9706:
9567:
9499:
9254:
8649:
8644:
8552:
7806:
5538:
5523:
5508:
5482:
5330:
5182:
5083:
4841:
4738:
4355:
Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard (1976). "Zisterzienserideal und
Kirchenreform. Benedikt XII. (1334–1342) als Reformpapst".
4023:
of 22 February 1996 modified that rule slightly, so that cardinals who have reached the age of 80 before the day the
3869:
3329:
3217:
3048:
2960:
1848:
1840:
1514:
1464:
1392:
1377:
1076:
143:
8243:
7198:
12444:
12316:
12124:
12056:
11604:
11357:
11302:
11167:
10902:
10898:
10643:
10428:
10375:
9680:
9643:
9562:
8622:
8194:
7971:
7708:
3904:
3554:
3036:
2980:
2775:
2693:
2470:
1903:
1555:
1494:
1407:
1308:
1091:
882:
703:
619:
441:
297:
254:
114:
7030:
6667:
1774:(1512–1517), despite its detailed regulation of the lives of cardinals, did not consider the size of the college.
12065:
11407:
11382:
11347:
11342:
11307:
11187:
10786:
10670:
10260:
10223:
10106:
10086:
10042:
9868:
9748:
9552:
9415:
9295:
9180:
8798:
8786:
7854:
7691:
7401:
6923:
6854:
6721:
6697:
3724:
3508:
3304:
3063:
2937:
2894:
1790:
1696:
The college played an integral part in various reforms within the Church as well, as early as the pontificate of
1474:
1382:
1106:
125:
12375:
12003:
11715:
11402:
11372:
11352:
11292:
11082:
10798:
10336:
10328:
10240:
10101:
10081:
9432:
9043:
8820:
8268:
7830:
7626:
7000:
5986:
4086:
3513:
3344:
3286:
2875:
2770:
2765:
1469:
734:
527:
210:
121:
93:
12439:
12278:
11377:
11367:
10693:
10564:
10462:
10159:
9820:
9670:
8941:
8830:
8037:
7993:
7640:
7416:
6207:
5583:
3961:
3819:
3749:
3599:
2970:
2445:
1352:
1322:
1122:
722:
7148:
5898:
4071:
12266:
12261:
12201:
11958:
11929:
11912:
11820:
11432:
11397:
11387:
10965:
10946:
10808:
10559:
10472:
9290:
9160:
9115:
9084:
8959:
8291:
7526:
3814:
3414:
3239:
2975:
2740:
2433:
2290:
1856:
1812:
1771:
1412:
1387:
1317:
779:
277:
7394:
7183:
6128:
5224:"Lettera Apostolica in forma di "Motu proprio" riguardante l'Ufficio del Decano del Collegio Cardinalizio"
1704:
declared that only Cardinals could assume the papacy, a requirement that has since lapsed. In 1130, under
12206:
11968:
10718:
10586:
10455:
9825:
9743:
9701:
9142:
9001:
7824:
7770:
7547:
7044:
5025:
4446:
4190:
4111:
4030:
3789:
3654:
3594:
3402:
3296:
3263:
3169:
2943:
2910:
2802:
2673:
2497:
2300:
1686:
1504:
1439:
1429:
1342:
1040:
667:
584:
517:
358:
17:
7285:
7236:
6136:
5488:
Broderick, J.F. 1987. "The Sacred College of Cardinals: Size and Geographical Composition (1099–1986)."
5352:
Broderick, J.F. 1987. "The Sacred College of Cardinals: Size and Geographical Composition (1099–1986)."
5135:
5106:
4995:
4477:
12161:
11885:
11683:
11337:
10989:
10955:
10914:
9918:
9723:
9585:
9237:
9150:
8719:
8680:
8306:
8108:
7684:
7250:
7007:
6454:
5871:
5627:
4081:
4054:
3744:
3379:
1675:
1327:
79:
6411:
12075:
12021:
11692:
11642:
11332:
11287:
10395:
9900:
9728:
9718:
8685:
7866:
7603:
7105:
6984:
6487:
6402:
6279:
5995:
5618:
4653:
4101:
3619:
3604:
3584:
3478:
3339:
3075:
2930:
2688:
2388:'s crown council. It also attends various functions as a matter of protocol, for example, during the
1599:
1337:
1313:
560:
292:
31:
7486:
1793:
sought a limit of 26 and complained about the size and quality of the college to his legates to the
12181:
12105:
12041:
11963:
11934:
11554:
11549:
11427:
11327:
11312:
11297:
11139:
10960:
10850:
10768:
10592:
10569:
10520:
10193:
9338:
9202:
9155:
8996:
8991:
8825:
8617:
8051:
7617:
7014:
6573:
6363:
5774:
5295:
4721:
4707:
4639:
4106:
4019:
3884:
3804:
3734:
3524:
3155:
3143:
3009:
3002:
2920:
2830:
2656:
2651:
2598:
2453:
Emperor and the Church did not always coincide. Churchmen involved in what has become known as the
2417:
1484:
1232:
1035:
947:
922:
844:
672:
599:
407:
230:
63:
9711:
6816:
6590:
6198:
6004:
4309:
The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church, Revised Edition
1637:, and subject to some other sources of uncertainty), nearly half of whom were created after 1655.
12251:
12147:
12026:
11658:
11619:
11586:
11032:
11012:
10880:
10758:
10708:
10487:
10288:
10228:
9733:
9633:
9061:
9050:
8815:
8423:
8189:
8074:
7800:
7215:
7127:
6970:
6791:
6438:
6250:
6022:
5923:
5783:
5745:
4829:
3993:
3920:
3864:
3729:
3689:
3624:
3579:
3334:
3317:
3257:
2886:
2837:
2747:
2617:
2568:
2458:
932:
717:
84:
6932:
6799:
6420:
6234:
5753:
5696:
1961:, sources concerning the size of the College of Cardinals are most frequently those relating to
1610:. Cardinals are appointed by the pope for life but eligibility to vote ceases at the age of 80.
12095:
12036:
12031:
11665:
11471:
11392:
11317:
11197:
10875:
10763:
10703:
10380:
10268:
9979:
9953:
9367:
8900:
8874:
8337:
8311:
7665:
7512:
7370:
7097:
5322:
4527:
4013:, cardinals who reached the age of 80 before a conclave opened had no vote in papal elections.
4009:
3899:
3694:
3488:
2807:
2780:
2714:
2413:
1591:
1545:
1159:
426:
7090:
7052:
6730:
6626:
5915:
5557:
5172:
5073:
1984:
937:
12336:
12221:
11800:
11627:
11052:
10833:
10698:
10544:
10250:
10188:
10147:
10132:
9807:
9778:
9443:
9220:
8973:
8781:
8702:
8525:
8364:
8359:
8248:
7752:
7746:
7479:
7386:
7278:
7076:
7022:
6784:
6072:
4863:
4833:
4728:
3829:
3699:
3684:
3669:
3629:
3569:
3493:
3483:
3466:
3014:
2955:
2905:
2880:
2868:
2730:
2668:
2549:
2505:
2482:
1899:
1894:
1725:
1701:
1646:
892:
739:
648:
589:
579:
507:
488:
474:
215:
176:
166:
7134:
6808:
6393:
1910:
of the college, instead of allowing them to select any member of the college. In June 2018,
12171:
11204:
11173:
11070:
10865:
10745:
10648:
10365:
10360:
10283:
10233:
10164:
10142:
9801:
9690:
9326:
8741:
8472:
8455:
8390:
7964:
7908:
7593:
7495:
7455:
7446:
6992:
6846:
6752:
6745:
6650:
6549:
6181:
5660:
4608:
4345:
Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 52–54.; Jugie, Pierre. Levillain, ed. 2002. "Cardinal." pp. 241–242.
4198:
4046:
3839:
3774:
3739:
3544:
3471:
3449:
3397:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2280:
2270:
1690:
1086:
1060:
942:
759:
727:
609:
464:
240:
171:
7229:
6446:
6216:
6146:
8:
12293:
11993:
11895:
11688:
11672:
11192:
11102:
10553:
10497:
10445:
10346:
10308:
10011:
9984:
9592:
9423:
8862:
8347:
8332:
8286:
8105:
7842:
7836:
7533:
7361:
6877:
6823:
6704:
6304:
6031:
5889:
5837:
3937:
3764:
3182:
3177:
2990:
2706:
2513:
2509:
1764:
1752:
1748:
1729:
1526:
687:
400:
375:
330:
7860:
6907:
6767:
4432:
4147:
12418:
12239:
12211:
12196:
12013:
11830:
10688:
10680:
10423:
10124:
10091:
10023:
9830:
9753:
9232:
8776:
8714:
8639:
8445:
8403:
8397:
7938:
7878:
7758:
7728:
7555:
7330:
6977:
6712:
6642:
6634:
6582:
6121:
5737:
5569:
5315:
5143:
5003:
4798:
4767:
4672:
4578:
4550:
4485:
4454:
3949:
3709:
3564:
3369:
3055:
2488:
2441:
2428:
Historically, cardinals were the clergy serving parishes of the city of Rome under its
1946:
1907:
1756:
1622:
1127:
1000:
867:
657:
522:
497:
479:
220:
188:
181:
148:
6830:
2477:
are the president and vice-president of the college. Both are elected by and from the
12368:
12348:
12326:
12166:
11973:
11209:
10534:
10414:
10181:
10137:
9758:
9514:
9491:
9108:
9028:
9023:
8963:
8893:
8440:
8385:
7896:
7812:
7764:
7734:
7540:
7519:
7431:
7271:
7169:
7141:
7113:
7061:
6940:
6915:
6619:
6480:
6472:
6463:
6429:
6336:
6312:
6113:
6080:
5534:
5519:
5504:
5478:
5370:
5326:
5178:
5079:
4858:
4837:
4822:
4734:
4695:
4312:
4143:
4014:
3834:
3824:
3674:
3609:
3559:
3409:
2862:
2683:
2628:
2581:
1844:
1836:
1741:
1614:
1010:
764:
569:
546:
469:
365:
314:
131:
44:
7676:
7292:
7257:
6611:
6541:
1744:
often refused to do so and created six new cardinals on only one occasion, in 1338.
12283:
12272:
12186:
11835:
11609:
11571:
11529:
11457:
11452:
11419:
11226:
11159:
11122:
11117:
11097:
11092:
11017:
10870:
10860:
10820:
10351:
10169:
10152:
9969:
9215:
8986:
8697:
8580:
8435:
8430:
8253:
8223:
8143:
8138:
7989:
7890:
7776:
7564:
7504:
7378:
7264:
7069:
6738:
6556:
6517:
6104:
5801:
5729:
5687:
5531:
The Conclave: A Sometimes Secret and Occasionally Bloody History of Papal Elections
5406:
4392:
4239:
4058:
3784:
3769:
3649:
3634:
3614:
3549:
3434:
2521:
2454:
2381:
1938:
1832:
1794:
1733:
1668:
1303:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1030:
917:
877:
754:
662:
574:
459:
282:
198:
136:
11075:
6954:
6064:
5959:
12300:
12256:
12216:
12191:
12070:
11953:
11810:
11775:
11581:
11576:
11501:
11496:
11437:
11362:
11112:
11042:
10574:
10515:
10065:
9964:
9359:
8945:
8736:
8634:
8627:
8595:
8233:
8041:
7957:
7788:
7782:
7312:
7222:
7190:
6891:
6838:
6690:
6683:
6675:
6604:
6597:
6510:
6378:
6225:
6189:
6173:
6164:
6087:
6049:
5941:
5846:
5764:
5721:
5669:
5650:
5631:
4249:
3859:
3852:
3779:
3589:
3461:
3456:
3197:
3192:
3131:
3114:
2756:
2610:
2478:
2437:
2432:, the pope. The college acquired particular importance following the crowning of
1902:. He also required that the suburbicarian bishops elect one of themselves as the
1805:
1595:
1402:
1247:
1179:
1174:
1065:
839:
769:
539:
450:
235:
71:
39:
7300:
7243:
5932:
5863:
12342:
12245:
11988:
11917:
11765:
11700:
11486:
11476:
11462:
11447:
11127:
11022:
10906:
10885:
10419:
10298:
10273:
10245:
10176:
9665:
9625:
9427:
9371:
9190:
9145:
9077:
9033:
9011:
9006:
8840:
8793:
8763:
8757:
8542:
8535:
8418:
8301:
8228:
8176:
8148:
8096:
8019:
7610:
7581:
7438:
7408:
7322:
7120:
7083:
6861:
6659:
6564:
6371:
6327:
6257:
6242:
5977:
5907:
5880:
5704:
5678:
4959:
4173:
3989:
3894:
3799:
3639:
3244:
3148:
2947:
2735:
2635:
2623:
2429:
2396:
1962:
1824:
1713:
1682:
1630:
1626:
1278:
1257:
1220:
1210:
1137:
1132:
1045:
973:
796:
744:
629:
604:
534:
348:
203:
1843:, reaching a high of 135 in February 2001 and again in October 2003. Three of
12433:
11880:
11840:
11725:
11647:
11632:
11481:
11442:
11248:
11132:
10929:
10598:
10313:
9896:
9376:
9018:
8981:
8930:
8927:
8046:
7902:
7872:
7818:
7464:
7352:
7344:
7207:
7162:
7155:
6962:
6947:
6759:
6532:
6524:
6385:
6264:
6057:
6040:
5950:
5828:
4730:
Conclave: The Politics, Personalities, and Process of the Next Papal Election
4379:
4035:
3879:
3794:
2925:
2575:
2385:
1798:
1273:
1215:
1205:
978:
962:
818:
813:
682:
677:
1831:
All of Paul's successors have at times exceeded the 120 maximum (except for
12363:
11855:
11790:
11720:
11710:
11637:
11537:
11506:
11282:
11231:
10999:
10941:
10838:
10609:
10526:
10482:
10477:
10467:
10278:
10205:
9773:
9675:
9137:
9072:
9038:
8954:
8937:
8585:
8495:
8462:
8410:
8209:
8132:
8065:
8032:
8005:
7884:
7794:
7472:
7337:
7037:
6869:
6495:
6354:
6296:
6288:
6013:
5819:
5792:
5713:
5635:
4189:
dated 11 February 1965. The one Eastern Rite Patriarch already a cardinal,
4050:
4042:
4004:
3999:
3704:
3644:
3374:
3119:
2791:
2641:
2587:
2558:
2540:
2408:
2400:
2389:
1942:
1911:
1877:
1873:
1852:
1809:
1786:
1782:
1372:
1189:
1184:
1055:
1050:
872:
850:
749:
693:
287:
108:
12116:
2604:
Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church
1808:
increased the number of cardinals several times to 88 in January 1961 and
54:
12353:
12051:
11907:
11780:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11735:
11037:
10972:
10828:
10753:
10731:
10579:
10341:
10303:
9991:
9210:
9099:
8950:
8805:
8692:
8612:
8547:
8530:
8490:
8296:
7424:
7176:
6345:
5445:
4789:
4121:
3659:
3429:
3423:
3136:
1958:
1851:
resulted in more than 120 cardinal electors, the high being 125 in 2012.
1705:
1697:
927:
712:
353:
267:
225:
193:
7919:
4603:[Criticism of two Cardinals against Pope Paul VI] (in Spanish).
1693:
6, followed by the cardinal-priests, and finally, the cardinal-bishops.
11745:
11740:
11564:
11491:
11107:
11027:
10658:
9974:
9172:
8575:
8450:
8354:
8342:
8316:
8214:
6899:
6884:
6155:
6095:
5855:
5575:
5516:
Heirs of the Fisherman: Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession
4824:
Heirs of the Fisherman: Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession
3107:
1778:
1760:
1169:
897:
887:
639:
614:
383:
4936:"Pope Francis cements legacy, stamps Church future with new cardinals"
2516:, are usually cardinals, with few, usually temporary, exceptions. The
2243:
1835:, who did not hold any consistory during his very short pontificate).
12176:
11850:
11845:
11815:
11511:
11274:
11258:
11243:
11087:
10977:
10855:
10845:
10713:
10492:
9880:
9695:
9343:
9242:
8724:
8559:
8500:
8369:
6319:
6271:
5251:
3229:
1885:
1194:
634:
551:
512:
431:
5317:
The Cardinals: Thirteen Centuries of the Men Behind the Papal Throne
1763:) conclaves contained the same restriction. The capitulation of the
12413:
12090:
11998:
11825:
10924:
10293:
10018:
9126:
8916:
8869:
8835:
8810:
8515:
8165:
8083:
8014:
7997:
7933:
7660:
6503:
4116:
4024:
3944:
3126:
2449:
1634:
1603:
1540:
1298:
1005:
993:
858:
370:
262:
10034:
4197:
and a cardinal since 1935, resigned his cardinal's titular church
11795:
10633:
10507:
10450:
8520:
8480:
2593:
1869:
1081:
988:
983:
834:
343:
4574:"Ottaviani Deplores Papal Action Barring Vote of Aged Cardinals"
12380:
11948:
11253:
11238:
11182:
11149:
9331:
8278:
3095:
1881:
1767:
also contained a restriction on the creation of new cardinals.
5560:—extensive information on all cardinals since the 17th century
5321:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p.
4668:"Archbishop of Hanoi Among 20 New Cardinals Installed by Pope"
1813:
continued this expansion, reaching 134 at his third consistory
12046:
11214:
11178:
8510:
8485:
8155:
8091:
4041:
Of the 117 cardinals under the age of 80 at the time of Pope
3419:
804:
774:
436:
9724:
Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
4168:
John XXIII codified this and other rules for the College in
2395:
It also convenes on the death or resignation of a pope as a
30:
For the current membership of the College of Cardinals, see
12358:
11219:
10938:
9606:
9134:
8934:
8885:
8505:
8087:
8064:
8029:
7980:
4034:
of Rome from among their own membership since the death of
3102:
2377:
1618:
1607:
104:
4910:"Pope names 22 new cardinals, including Dolan and O'Brien"
7949:
4604:
4185:
Paul VI codified this and other rules for the College in
2915:
2481:(cardinals of the highest order, including those holding
2380:
about church matters when he summons them to an ordinary
9841:
House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul
5247:"Catholic cardinals, princes of the church, rarely quit"
1617:, the size of the body has historically been limited by
8013:
1789:(1559–1565), raised the limit to seventy-six. Although
1785:
brought the total to seventy. His immediate successor,
1613:
Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the
5177:. Vol. X. London: Burn & Oates. p. 168.
4859:"Why Francis Needs to Expand the College of Cardinals"
4794:"Pope Confirms Cardinals, As Talk Turns to Succession"
1736:
declared the capitulation invalid the following year.
7706:
5475:
Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections
4254:
4053:
to succeed him. The two who did not participate were
9734:
Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
5566:—sortable list, often slightly out of date on deaths
3360:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
9909:
9791:
4601:"Crítica de dos Cardenales contra el Papa Paulo VI"
3755:
Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici
3365:
Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
5314:
4821:
4478:"Pope Names 33 Cardinals; Cooke Among 4 From U.S."
4404:Baumgartner, 2003, p. 78-79.; Walsh, 2003, p. 109.
2406:The college has no ruling power except during the
8259:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
5369:
4694:
4546:"Voting for Popes Is Barred to Cardinals Over 80"
3720:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
3504:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
2444:at the age of six, after the unexpected death of
43:Cardinals in red vestments during the funeral of
12431:
5206:"Pope makes changes within College of Cardinals"
5061:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Gale. p. 106.
4970:
4354:
3252:Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)
2813:Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State
12398:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma
5446:"Cardinal Keith O'Brien resigns as Archbishop"
5443:
4763:"Shaping a Legacy, Pope Installs 44 Cardinals"
4539:
4537:
4061:(following allegations of sexual misconduct).
12132:
10050:
9892:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide
8901:
7965:
7692:
5591:
4077:Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
3969:
1859:, reaching as high as 137 in September 2023.
1818:
1563:
4629:
4506:
4289:. New York: Hawthorne Books Inc. p. 14.
4240:1983 CIC, Bk. II, Pt. II, Sec. I, Chap. III
3262:Undersecretaries for Relations with States:
2848:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
2526:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
27:Body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church
12146:
9320:Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe
5289:
5287:
4534:
4438:
4374:
4372:
4370:
3274:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
2966:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
2486:
2376:A function of the college is to advise the
12139:
12125:
11979:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
10057:
10043:
8908:
8894:
7972:
7958:
7699:
7685:
5598:
5584:
4311:. New York: Sterling Ethos. pp. 8–9.
4284:
4272:The New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition
3976:
3962:
3890:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
1570:
1556:
78:
7580:Cardinals ineligible to participate in a
5245:Grossman, Cathy Lynn (25 February 2013).
4572:Friendly, Alfred Jr. (27 November 1970).
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4201:and joined the order of cardinal bishops.
4027:becomes vacant are not eligible to vote.
2664:History of the Catholic Church since 1962
2238:Source: Broderick, 1987, pp. 13–14.
9649:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
8200:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
5605:
5407:"Code of Canon Law, Chapter II: Bishops"
5284:
5244:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5071:
5026:"Catholic Cardinals Now Are All Bishops"
4933:
4887:
4761:Stanley, Alessandra (22 February 2001).
4571:
4433:The election of Pope Alexander VI (1492)
4367:
4045:'s resignation, 115 participated in the
3810:Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss
2520:requires that appointees to the state's
2274:
1602:, of whom 123 are eligible to vote in a
585:Outside the Church there is no salvation
38:
8244:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
8239:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
5375:"Fundamental Law of Vatican City State"
4993:
4856:
4760:
4543:
4444:
4380:Guide to documents and events (76–2005)
4269:
3665:Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica
14:
12432:
10438:
5572:, with entry into extensive databases.
5056:
4975:(in Latin). Libreria Editrice Vaticana
4934:Pullella, Philip (30 September 2023).
4515:(in Latin). Libreria Editrice Vaticana
4306:
4293:
4242:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
4097:List of the creations of the cardinals
4092:Index of Vatican City-related articles
3715:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
3499:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
3205:Prefecture of the Pontifical Household
2786:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
1917:
1719:
418:Realms beyond the States of the Church
12120:
10038:
9386:
8889:
7953:
7680:
5579:
5413:from the original on 19 February 2008
5312:
5170:
5159:
4908:Allen, John L. Jr. (6 January 2012).
4907:
4788:
4726:
4332:
4330:
4328:
3760:Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope
3519:Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
3256:Secretary for Relations with States:
2721:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
2518:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
2423:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
1927:Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne
1598:. As of 15 September 2024,
7648:
4888:Galeazzi, Giacomo (6 January 2012).
4819:
4475:
4445:Cortesi, Arnoldo (17 January 1961).
2818:Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City
2531:
2246:Italian-born cardinals as percentage
1967:
1490:
12322:Church and state in medieval Europe
10064:
9924:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
8264:Sovereign of the Vatican City State
5444:Pigott, Robert (25 February 2013).
5266:
5136:"Pontiff Installs 27 New Cardinals"
4996:"Pope Elevates 10 to Cardinal Rank"
4727:Allen, John L. Jr. (23 July 2002).
4393:The election of Pope Paul II (1464)
3325:Institute for the Works of Religion
3305:The Holy See and the United Nations
2502:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
1510:
24:
9929:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua
9639:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
8185:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
8162:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
5107:"Pope Designates 27 New Cardinals"
4994:Cortesi, Arnoldo (20 March 1962).
4607:. 26 November 1970. Archived from
4544:Hoffman, Paul (24 November 1970).
4447:"4 New Cardinals Elevated in Rome"
4325:
3875:Collection of Modern Religious Art
2901:List of newspapers in Vatican City
2843:Association of Vatican Lay Workers
2726:Capital punishment in Vatican City
1952:
25:
12456:
12289:Norman conquest of southern Italy
9707:Pontifical North American College
9269:Section for Relations with States
5545:
4971:Pope John XXIII (10 March 1961).
4507:Pope Paul VI (21 November 1970).
4476:Doty, Robert C. (29 March 1969).
3870:Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling
3330:Telephone numbers in Vatican City
3225:Section for Relations with States
2961:Foreign relations of the Holy See
2916:.va (Vatican City internet sites)
2251:of the total College of Cardinals
1804:Popes respected that limit until
1755:. The capitulations of the 1484 (
1700:(1050). In the 12th century, the
1633:by pontiffs now considered to be
12412:
12101:
12100:
12089:
12057:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
11605:Criticism of the Catholic Church
10017:
10005:
9401:Extraordinary general assemblies
8868:
8856:
7932:
7918:
7659:
7647:
7636:
7635:
5564:Cardinals of the Catholic Church
4892:[Beyond the 120 Quota].
4857:Mickens, Robert (3 April 2017).
4431:Burkle-Young, Francis A. 1998. "
4391:Burkle-Young, Francis A. 1998. "
3943:
3931:
3555:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
2986:Holy See–United States relations
2694:Vatican City during World War II
2539:
2471:Dean of the College of Cardinals
1971:
1889:requesting such an appointment (
1647:External cardinal § History
1539:
1520:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1480:
1479:
883:Catechism of the Catholic Church
53:
10224:First seven ecumenical councils
9869:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo
9769:Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo
9749:Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary
9548:Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno
5499:Levillain, Philippe, ed. 2002.
5473:Baumgartner, Frederic J. 2003.
5437:
5425:
5399:
5363:
5346:
5306:
5275:
5238:
5216:
5198:
5128:
5099:
5065:
5050:
5018:
4987:
4964:
4953:
4927:
4881:
4813:
4782:
4754:
4688:
4660:
4630:Pope Paul VI (1 October 1975).
4623:
4593:
4565:
4500:
4469:
4425:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4385:
4204:
4179:
4162:
4153:
4135:
3725:Public holidays in Vatican City
3575:Fountains of St. Peter's Square
3509:Public holidays in Vatican City
3355:Financial Information Authority
1791:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
12376:Separation of church and state
10799:Separation of church and state
9558:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo
8269:Servant of the servants of God
7849:Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte
7627:List of creations of cardinals
5490:Archivum historiae Pontificiae
5354:Archivum historiae Pontificiae
5226:(in Italian). 21 December 2019
4348:
4339:
4307:Noonan, James-Charles (2012).
4278:
4263:
4233:
3514:Pontifical Academy of Sciences
3345:Rail transport in Vatican City
3287:Vatican and Holy See passports
2876:Secretariat for Communications
2771:Tribunal of Vatican City State
2766:Temporal power of the Holy See
211:History of the Catholic Church
13:
1:
9821:Pontifical Oriental Institute
4285:van Lierde, Peter C. (1964).
4221:
3820:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi
3600:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
3081:President: G. di Sanguinetto
1963:papal elections and conclaves
1929:in 1791 – and five resigned:
12267:First Council of the Lateran
12202:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
9644:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
8915:
8292:Coat of arms of the Holy See
8195:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
5533:. Rowman & Littlefield.
5174:The Church in the Modern Age
5078:. Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
5057:Carson, Thomas, ed. (2002).
4973:"Ad suburbicarias dioeceses"
4226:
3815:Santo Stefano degli Abissini
3415:Coat of arms of Vatican City
2981:Holy See–Palestine relations
2895:L'Osservatore della Domenica
2741:Legal status of the Holy See
2469:In the Catholic church, the
2464:
2371:
2364:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2314:
2304:
2294:
2284:
1857:all nine of his consistories
1772:Fifth Council of the Lateran
7:
12262:First Battle of Langensalza
12207:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
9826:Pontifical Lombard Seminary
9702:Pontifical Urban University
9396:Ordinary general assemblies
9143:Cardinal Secretary of State
8794:Pontifical colleges in Rome
5518:. Oxford University Press.
5501:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia
5171:Jedin, Hubert, ed. (1981).
4191:Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni
4112:Palatinus (Catholic Church)
4064:
3790:Cardinal Secretary of State
3595:Mater Ecclesiae (monastery)
3350:Secretariat for the Economy
3240:Status in international law
3235:Multilateral foreign policy
2998:Governorate of Vatican City
2911:Vatican Information Service
2803:LGBT rights in Vatican City
2674:Roman Historical Institutes
1935:Marino Carafa di Belevedere
1588:Sacred College of Cardinals
1586:, more formally called the
668:Infallibility of the Church
10:
12461:
12162:Atto (archbishop of Milan)
12096:Catholic Church portal
9919:Basilica of the Holy House
9543:Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino
8951:Sovereignty and government
8875:Catholic Church portal
8109:properties of the Holy See
7979:
7666:Catholic Church portal
5467:
5072:Goulding, Gill K. (2015).
4914:National Catholic Reporter
4708:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
4640:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
4378:Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "
4212:Sacro cardinalium consilio
4082:Catholic Church by country
4055:Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja
3987:
3750:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri
3745:San Pellegrino in Vaticano
3380:Properties of the Holy See
2384:, a term derived from the
1855:has exceeded the limit in
1819:Maximum number of electors
1681:During the pontificate of
1655:is derived from the Latin
1644:
1640:
1546:Catholic Church portal
29:
12407:
12389:
12309:
12279:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088
12230:
12154:
12084:
12022:Aid to the Church in Need
12012:
11869:
11682:
11643:Vatican Television Center
11618:
11528:
11418:
11288:Eastern Catholic Churches
11269:
11158:
11051:
10998:
10923:
10894:
10819:
10744:
10679:
10624:
10543:
10413:
10327:
10259:
10204:
10123:
10100:
10072:
10000:
9945:
9876:Gardens of the Villa Cybo
9859:
9729:Palace of the Holy Office
9719:Palazzo della Cancelleria
9691:Palace of Saint Callixtus
9661:
9624:
9614:
9603:
9584:
9513:
9490:
9442:
9414:
9358:
9253:
9201:
9171:
9125:
9098:
8972:
8960:Sovereign judicial entity
8923:
8851:
8750:
8668:
8594:
8568:
8471:
8378:
8325:
8277:
8208:
8175:
8125:
8004:
7987:
7927:
7916:
7724:
7575:
7311:
5763:
5649:
5619:List of current cardinals
5613:
5293:John Paul II, Ap. Const.
5059:New Catholic Encyclopedia
4820:Pham, John-Peter (2004).
4654:Romano Pontifici Eligendo
4634:Romano Pontifici Eligendo
4422:Baumgartner, 2003, p. 92.
4413:Baumgartner, 2003, p. 82.
4210:Paul VI codified this in
4102:List of current cardinals
4087:Catholic Church hierarchy
4057:(for health reasons) and
3605:Palace of the Holy Office
3585:Geography of Vatican City
3479:Languages of Vatican City
3340:Transport in Vatican City
3069:President: Pio Vito Pinto
2971:Holy See–Israel relations
2931:Vatican Television Center
2689:Vatican Historical Museum
2448:in 1056. Until then, the
2269:
2237:
1862:
32:List of current cardinals
12182:Gotofredo da Castiglione
11964:Communion and Liberation
11428:Eastern Catholic liturgy
10593:Mystici Corporis Christi
10521:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
9817:Archaeological Institute
9002:Old St. Peter's Basilica
8997:Patrimony of Saint Peter
8992:History of papal primacy
7905:(1927–2022) (1991, 2005)
7899:(1927–2022) (1977, 2002)
7893:(1922–2008) (1977, 1993)
7887:(1913–1995) (1965, 1986)
7881:(1893–1986) (1958, 1977)
7875:(1895–1977) (1960, 1974)
7869:(1883–1973) (1958, 1972)
7863:(1884–1972) (1936, 1951)
7857:(1871–1951) (1930, 1948)
7851:(1851–1948) (1911, 1930)
7845:(1836–1930) (1889, 1915)
7839:(1834–1915) (1887, 1913)
7833:(1828–1913) (1873, 1896)
7831:Oreglia di Santo Stefano
7827:(1827–1896) (1868, 1889)
7821:(1808–1889) (1861, 1884)
7815:(1806–1884) (1853, 1878)
7809:(1796–1878) (1837, 1876)
7803:(1798–1876) (1834, 1870)
7797:(1792–1870) (1832, 1860)
7791:(1770–1860) (1826, 1847)
7785:(1775–1847) (1824, 1844)
7779:(1756–1844) (1801, 1830)
7773:(1744–1830) (1795, 1820)
7767:(1744–1820) (1779, 1814)
7761:(1730–1811) (1775, 1807)
7755:(1725–1807) (1747, 1803)
7749:(1720–1803) (1747, 1774)
7743:(1683–1774) (1743, 1763)
7737:(1694–1763) (1735, 1761)
7731:(1670–1761) (1737, 1755)
7618:List of titular churches
5552:The College of Cardinals
5514:Pham, John-Peter. 2004.
5432:Universi Dominici gregis
5296:Universi Dominici gregis
4722:Universi Dominici Gregis
4702:Universi Dominici Gregis
4128:
4107:List of titular churches
4072:Bishop (Catholic Church)
4020:Universi Dominici gregis
3885:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
3805:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
3655:Old St. Peter's Basilica
3525:The Story of the Vatican
3156:Universi Dominici gregis
3144:Universi Dominici Gregis
3010:Military of Vatican City
3003:Governor of Vatican City
2976:Holy See–Italy relations
2921:Vatican Publishing House
2890:(Vatican City newspaper)
2657:2010 Vatican sex scandal
2652:Governor of Vatican City
2599:Congregation for Borders
2548:This article is part of
2498:Secretary of Roman Curia
2418:Universi Dominici gregis
1947:Theodore Edgar McCarrick
1233:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1036:Eastern Catholic liturgy
845:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
231:Four Marks of the Church
12445:Investiture Controversy
12252:Donation of Constantine
12148:Investiture Controversy
10779:Philosophy of canon law
10709:Mariology of the saints
10289:Investiture Controversy
10012:Vatican City portal
9744:Palace of the Vicariate
9538:Civitavecchia-Tarquinia
9062:Prisoner in the Vatican
9051:Investiture Controversy
8863:Vatican City portal
5313:Walsh, Michael (2011).
5272:Broderick, 1987, p. 13.
4830:Oxford University Press
4260:Broderick, 1987, p. 11.
4248:3 December 2010 at the
4214:dated 26 February 1965.
3994:List of papal elections
3938:Vatican City portal
3865:Vatican Gallery of Maps
3730:Vatican Secret Archives
3690:Via della Conciliazione
3580:Gardens of Vatican City
3335:Tourism in Vatican City
2831:Politics and government
2792:Apostolic Constitution
2748:Alperin v. Vatican Bank
2618:Prisoner in the Vatican
2459:Investiture Controversy
2008:
2005:
1667:is in the biography of
1600:there are 236 cardinals
1527:Vatican City portal
953:Philosophy of canon law
673:Mystical Body of Christ
12419:Catholicism portal
12032:Catholic Charities USA
11666:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
11654:Vatican Polyglot Press
10704:Mariology of the popes
10342:Protestant Reformation
10024:Catholicism portal
9980:Apostolic Penitentiary
9954:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
9901:Santa Maria di Galeria
9226:For Vatican City State
8708:for Vatican City State
8338:Apostolic constitution
7939:Catholicism portal
7807:di San Filippo e Sorso
5570:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
5554:—Holy See Press Office
5529:Walsh, Michael. 2003.
5477:. Palgrave Macmillan.
4528:Ingravescentem aetatem
4511:Ingravescentem aetatem
4047:conclave of March 2013
4010:Ingravescentem aetatem
3950:Catholicism portal
3900:Sistine Chapel ceiling
3695:Vatican Climate Forest
3620:Saint Peter's Basilica
3489:Vatican Christmas Tree
2808:Pontifical Swiss Guard
2781:1983 Code of Canon Law
2715:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
2493:(first among equals).
2487:
2483:suburbicarian dioceses
2414:Apostolic constitution
1900:suburbicarian dioceses
1676:Council of Meaux–Paris
47:
12337:Divine right of kings
12222:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
11786:Good Shepherd Sisters
11628:Holy See Press Office
10866:Doctors of the Church
10699:Immaculate Conception
10654:Anointing of the Sick
10189:History of the papacy
9808:San Carlo ai Catinari
9779:Paul VI Audience Hall
9765:Benedictine monastery
9712:Bambino Gesù Hospital
9482:Sabina-Poggio Mirteto
8831:Sexually active popes
8782:Pontifical university
8526:Ring of the Fisherman
8365:Ecclesiastical letter
8360:Apostolic exhortation
8249:Patriarch of the West
8234:Vicar of Jesus Christ
7855:Marchetti Selvaggiani
7001:Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo
4357:Zisterzienser-Studien
4187:Ad pupuratorum patrem
3988:Further information:
3830:Cortile del Belvedere
3735:St. Peter's Baldachin
3670:Paul VI Audience Hall
3570:Domus Sanctae Marthae
3494:Sport in Vatican City
3484:Women in Vatican City
3467:Music of Vatican City
2956:Fabric of Saint Peter
2906:Vatican Radio lawsuit
2881:Holy See Press Office
2869:Pontifical Commission
2731:Crime in Vatican City
2669:History of the Papacy
2506:Vicar General of Rome
1841:his nine consistories
1726:conclave capitulation
1702:Third Lateran Council
1629:appointed during the
1590:, is the body of all
1102:Anointing of the Sick
893:Apostolic exhortation
590:Infused righteousness
508:Immaculate Conception
216:History of the papacy
42:
12440:College of Cardinals
12332:College of Cardinals
12172:Antipope Clement III
11659:L'Osservatore Romano
11597:Role in civilisation
11323:Croatian and Serbian
11071:Episcopal conference
11033:St. Peter's Basilica
10391:Sexual abuse scandal
10347:Catholic Reformation
9634:St. Peter's Basilica
9327:Apostolic nunciature
9186:College of Cardinals
9181:Secretariat of State
8826:Popes by nationality
8742:Sistine Chapel Choir
8676:College of Cardinals
8307:Regalia and insignia
8190:St. Peter's Basilica
7911:(1934–) (2001, 2020)
7716:College of Cardinals
7594:Council of Cardinals
7592:(CC): member of the
5607:College of Cardinals
5373:(26 November 2000).
4733:. Crown Publishing.
4698:(22 February 1996).
4270:Miranda, S. (2003).
4195:Patriarch of Antioch
3840:Porta San Pellegrino
3775:Bibliotheca Palatina
3625:Saint Peter's Square
3545:Apostolic nunciature
3472:Sistine Chapel Choir
3022:College of Cardinals
2938:Secretariat of State
2887:L'Osservatore Romano
2510:Patriarchs of Venice
2009:Size of the college
1985:adding missing items
1687:St. Peter's Basilica
1584:College of Cardinals
1445:the Age of Discovery
1435:Sex and gender roles
1425:Role in civilization
1418:in the United States
1061:Liturgy of the Hours
595:Invincible ignorance
465:Crucifixion of Jesus
273:College of Cardinals
241:Apostolic succession
85:St. Peter's Basilica
11994:Neocatechumenal Way
11959:Charismatic Renewal
11673:Annuario Pontificio
11271:Particular churches
10947:Ecumenical councils
10719:Perpetual virginity
10554:Communitas perfecta
10498:Sermon on the Mount
9985:Apostolic Signatura
9813:Collegio Bellarmino
9685:Adjoining buildings
9260:Multilateral policy
6777:Lacunza Maestrojuán
5987:Rodríguez Maradiaga
5640:order of precedence
5387:on 26 February 2008
4792:(22 October 2003).
4287:What Is a Cardinal?
3998:Under the terms of
3765:Vatican Observatory
3539:Buildings/geography
3403:List of Papal flags
2991:Papal apocrisiarius
2258:
2253:
2248:
1918:Other modifications
1765:1492 papal conclave
1753:1464 papal conclave
1730:1352 papal conclave
1720:Size of the College
1623:ecumenical councils
1458:Links and resources
518:Perpetual virginity
489:Blessed Virgin Mary
376:Divinum illud munus
278:Ecumenical councils
221:Ecumenical councils
12240:Concordat of Worms
12212:Matilda of Tuscany
12197:Henry I of England
11831:Premonstratensians
10214:Ante-Nicene period
10092:Lists of Catholics
9754:Collegio Teutonico
9671:Lateran University
9515:Suffragan dioceses
9492:Territorial abbeys
9462:Porto-Santa Rufina
9444:Suburbicarian sees
9406:Special assemblies
9301:Permanent Observer
8777:Pontifical academy
8772:Orders of chivalry
7825:Monaco La Valletta
7106:Arizmendi Esquivel
6403:Monteiro de Castro
5281:CIC 1983, can. 349
5147:. 23 February 1965
5144:The New York Times
5004:The New York Times
4799:The New York Times
4768:The New York Times
4673:The New York Times
4611:on 10 January 2017
4579:The New York Times
4551:The New York Times
4486:The New York Times
4455:The New York Times
4336:Pham, 2004, p. 65.
4199:Santi XII Apostoli
3710:Vatican Necropolis
3680:Torre San Giovanni
3630:Saint Peter's tomb
3565:Bramante Staircase
3528:, 1941 documentary
3370:Vatican euro coins
3151:(Papal elections)
3056:Dominique Mamberti
3049:Court of Cassation
2489:primus inter pares
2475:Cardinal Vice-Dean
2442:Holy Roman Emperor
2254:
2249:
2244:
1983:; you can help by
1757:Pope Innocent VIII
1665:Liber Pontificalis
1001:Christian humanism
898:Epistula Encyclica
658:College of Bishops
366:Consubstantialitas
189:Early Christianity
48:
12427:
12426:
12369:Donation of Pepin
12349:Holy Roman Empire
12327:Clerical celibacy
12167:Pope Callixtus II
12114:
12113:
11524:
11523:
10917:
10740:
10739:
10432:
10409:
10408:
10401:COVID-19 pandemic
10371:French Revolution
10361:Thirty Years' War
10269:Islamic conquests
10182:Apostolic fathers
10117:
10032:
10031:
9941:
9940:
9937:
9936:
9899:antennae area of
9890:Summer estate of
9855:
9854:
9787:
9786:
9759:Teutonic Cemetery
9657:
9656:
9620:
9619:
9616:
9597:
9580:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9533:Civita Castellana
9436:
9380:
9354:
9353:
9119:
9056:Age of Revolution
9029:Donation of Pepin
9024:Donation of Sutri
8964:international law
8883:
8882:
8650:Prelate of Honour
8217:
8121:
8120:
8117:
8116:
7947:
7946:
7674:
7673:
6129:Cañizares Llovera
5371:Pope John Paul II
5116:. 26 January 1965
4890:"Oltre quota 120"
4696:Pope John Paul II
4144:Alfredo Ottaviani
4015:Pope John Paul II
3986:
3985:
3906:The Last Judgment
3835:Passetto di Borgo
3825:Teutonic Cemetery
3675:Tomb of the Julii
3610:Palazzi Pontifici
3560:Borgia Apartments
3292:Visa requirements
3264:Antoine Camilleri
3218:Foreign relations
3163:Recent conclaves
2863:Giuseppe Bertello
2684:Vatileaks scandal
2629:Law of Guarantees
2582:Donation of Pepin
2532:Electing the pope
2369:
2368:
2242:
2241:
2001:
2000:
1849:five consistories
1845:Pope Benedict XVI
1837:Pope John Paul II
1615:Early Middle Ages
1580:
1579:
1421:
1011:Neo-scholasticism
787:
786:
765:Seven deadly sins
688:Perfect community
570:Baptism of desire
470:Harrowing of Hell
45:Pope John Paul II
16:(Redirected from
12452:
12417:
12416:
12284:Gregorian Reform
12273:In nomine Domini
12187:Pope Gregory VII
12141:
12134:
12127:
12118:
12117:
12104:
12103:
12094:
12093:
11836:Redemptoristines
11684:Religious orders
11610:Anti-Catholicism
11560:Church buildings
11420:Catholic liturgy
11160:Consecrated life
11018:Apostolic Palace
10985:Synod of Bishops
10921:
10920:
10897:
10503:Ten Commandments
10436:
10435:
10418:
10319:Age of Discovery
10153:Great Commission
10121:
10120:
10105:
10059:
10052:
10045:
10036:
10035:
10022:
10021:
10010:
10009:
10008:
9912:extraterritorial
9907:
9906:
9885:Adjacent gardens
9845:Nympheum of Nero
9794:extraterritorial
9789:
9788:
9681:Sancta Sanctorum
9659:
9658:
9622:
9621:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9601:
9600:
9589:
9440:
9439:
9421:
9418:province of Rome
9384:
9383:
9365:
9216:Apostolic Camera
9123:
9122:
9105:
8987:Primacy of Peter
8910:
8903:
8896:
8887:
8886:
8873:
8872:
8861:
8860:
8859:
8698:Apostolic Camera
8655:Prince assistant
8581:Sedia gestatoria
8254:Primate of Italy
8213:
8144:Papal apartments
8139:Apostolic Palace
8106:extraterritorial
8062:
8061:
8011:
8010:
7974:
7967:
7960:
7951:
7950:
7937:
7936:
7922:
7719:
7717:
7711:
7701:
7694:
7687:
7678:
7677:
7664:
7663:
7655:
7651:
7650:
7643:
7639:
7638:
7629:
7620:
7613:
7606:
7596:
7588:
7568:
7559:
7550:
7543:
7536:
7529:
7522:
7515:
7508:
7499:
7490:
7482:
7475:
7468:
7459:
7450:
7441:
7434:
7427:
7420:
7411:
7404:
7397:
7390:
7381:
7374:
7365:
7356:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7313:Cardinal deacons
7304:
7295:
7288:
7281:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7253:
7246:
7239:
7232:
7225:
7218:
7211:
7202:
7199:Jiménez Carvajal
7193:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7137:
7130:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7100:
7093:
7086:
7079:
7072:
7065:
7056:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7018:
7010:
7008:García Rodríguez
7003:
6996:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6966:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6936:
6927:
6918:
6911:
6903:
6894:
6887:
6880:
6873:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6841:
6834:
6826:
6819:
6812:
6803:
6794:
6787:
6780:
6771:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6725:
6716:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6670:
6663:
6654:
6645:
6638:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6607:
6605:Brenes Solórzano
6600:
6593:
6586:
6577:
6568:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6536:
6527:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6499:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6467:
6458:
6449:
6442:
6433:
6424:
6415:
6412:Abril y Castelló
6406:
6397:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6358:
6349:
6340:
6331:
6322:
6315:
6308:
6299:
6292:
6283:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6238:
6229:
6220:
6211:
6208:Martínez Sistach
6202:
6193:
6184:
6177:
6168:
6159:
6150:
6141:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6067:
6060:
6053:
6044:
6035:
6026:
6017:
6008:
5999:
5990:
5981:
5972:
5963:
5954:
5945:
5936:
5927:
5918:
5911:
5902:
5893:
5884:
5875:
5872:Sandoval Íñiguez
5866:
5859:
5850:
5841:
5832:
5823:
5814:
5805:
5796:
5787:
5778:
5765:Cardinal priests
5756:
5749:
5740:
5733:
5724:
5717:
5708:
5700:
5691:
5682:
5673:
5664:
5651:Cardinal bishops
5642:
5621:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5577:
5576:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5409:. The Holy See.
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5386:
5380:. Archived from
5379:
5367:
5361:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5320:
5310:
5304:
5291:
5282:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5220:
5214:
5213:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5168:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5140:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5111:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5040:
5030:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5000:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4968:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4827:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4664:
4658:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4541:
4532:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4482:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4451:
4442:
4436:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4376:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4323:
4322:
4318:978-1-40278730-0
4304:
4291:
4290:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4274:. Detroit: Gale.
4267:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4237:
4215:
4208:
4202:
4183:
4177:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4148:Eugène Tisserant
4139:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3948:
3947:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3785:Cappella Paolina
3770:Vatican Pharmacy
3700:Vatican Heliport
3650:Niccoline Chapel
3635:Lateran Basilica
3615:Papal Apartments
3550:Apostolic Palace
3435:Papal coronation
3173:
3064:Court of Appeals
3032:
2797:
2647:
2543:
2536:
2535:
2528:, be cardinals.
2522:legislative body
2492:
2479:cardinal bishops
2455:Gregorian Reform
2259:
2150:1294 (December)
2003:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1939:Carlo Odescalchi
1833:Pope John Paul I
1795:Council of Trent
1749:Council of Basel
1734:Pope Innocent VI
1669:Pope Stephen III
1572:
1565:
1558:
1544:
1543:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1415:
1333:Relations with:
1304:Anti-Catholicism
918:Cardinal Virtues
878:Athanasian Creed
755:Hypostatic union
663:Deposit of faith
575:Baptism of blood
460:Passion of Jesus
326:
325:
293:Eastern Churches
283:Episcopal polity
111:
82:
57:
50:
49:
21:
12460:
12459:
12455:
12454:
12453:
12451:
12450:
12449:
12430:
12429:
12428:
12423:
12411:
12403:
12385:
12305:
12301:Walk to Canossa
12257:Excommunication
12232:
12226:
12217:Pope Paschal II
12192:Guido da Velate
12150:
12145:
12115:
12110:
12088:
12080:
12059:
12042:Relief Services
12008:
11954:Catholic Action
11944:Military orders
11881:Confraternities
11873:of the faithful
11872:
11865:
11687:
11678:
11614:
11520:
11414:
11273:
11265:
11198:Prior, Prioress
11154:
11047:
11043:Vatican Museums
10994:
10927:
10913:
10909:
10905:
10901:
10896:
10890:
10815:
10769:Social teaching
10736:
10675:
10620:
10575:One true church
10539:
10516:Sixtine Vulgate
10512:Official Bible
10426:
10422:
10417:
10405:
10323:
10255:
10200:
10170:Petrine primacy
10113:
10109:
10104:
10096:
10068:
10066:Catholic Church
10063:
10033:
10028:
10016:
10006:
10004:
9996:
9965:Papal household
9933:
9911:
9905:
9861:
9851:
9837:Sant'Apollinare
9835:Two Palaces of
9831:Russian College
9793:
9783:
9653:
9626:Major basilicas
9605:
9594:
9591:
9588:
9572:
9509:
9486:
9431:
9420:
9417:
9410:
9374:
9370:
9364:
9361:
9350:
9279:Of the Holy See
9274:To the Holy See
9257:
9255:Foreign affairs
9249:
9197:
9167:
9113:
9110:
9107:
9104:
9102:judicial entity
9101:
9094:
8968:
8946:Diocese of Rome
8919:
8914:
8884:
8879:
8867:
8857:
8855:
8847:
8816:Canonised popes
8746:
8737:Cappella Giulia
8664:
8628:Papal majordomo
8590:
8564:
8467:
8374:
8321:
8273:
8212:
8204:
8177:Major basilicas
8171:
8113:
8068:
8060:
8042:Diocese of Rome
8017:
8000:
7983:
7978:
7948:
7943:
7931:
7923:
7914:
7720:
7715:
7709:
7707:
7705:
7675:
7670:
7658:
7646:
7634:
7625:
7616:
7609:
7601:
7591:
7579:
7571:
7562:
7553:
7546:
7539:
7532:
7525:
7518:
7511:
7502:
7493:
7485:
7478:
7471:
7462:
7453:
7444:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7384:
7377:
7368:
7359:
7350:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7320:
7307:
7298:
7291:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7228:
7221:
7214:
7205:
7196:
7189:
7184:Martínez Flores
7182:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7140:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7068:
7059:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7031:Ramazzini Imeri
7029:
7021:
7015:Ambongo Besungu
7013:
7006:
6999:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6969:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6939:
6930:
6921:
6914:
6906:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6876:
6867:
6860:
6853:
6844:
6837:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6806:
6797:
6790:
6783:
6774:
6765:
6760:Sturla Berhouet
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6728:
6719:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6673:
6666:
6660:Ezzati Andrello
6657:
6648:
6641:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6589:
6580:
6571:
6562:
6555:
6548:
6539:
6530:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6470:
6461:
6452:
6445:
6436:
6427:
6418:
6409:
6400:
6391:
6384:
6379:Patabendige Don
6377:
6370:
6361:
6352:
6343:
6334:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6302:
6295:
6286:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6241:
6232:
6223:
6214:
6205:
6196:
6187:
6180:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6111:
6102:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6047:
6038:
6029:
6020:
6011:
6002:
5996:Cipriani Thorne
5993:
5984:
5975:
5966:
5957:
5948:
5939:
5930:
5921:
5914:
5905:
5896:
5887:
5878:
5869:
5862:
5853:
5844:
5835:
5826:
5817:
5811:López Rodríguez
5808:
5799:
5790:
5781:
5772:
5759:
5752:
5743:
5736:
5727:
5720:
5711:
5703:
5697:Saraiva Martins
5694:
5685:
5676:
5667:
5658:
5645:
5632:Catholic Church
5626:
5617:
5609:
5604:
5548:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5454:
5452:
5442:
5438:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5377:
5368:
5364:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5311:
5307:
5292:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5271:
5267:
5257:
5255:
5243:
5239:
5229:
5227:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5212:. 26 June 2018.
5204:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5169:
5160:
5150:
5148:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5119:
5117:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5070:
5066:
5055:
5051:
5038:
5036:
5035:. 20 April 1962
5028:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5007:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4978:
4976:
4969:
4965:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4899:
4897:
4886:
4882:
4869:
4867:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4818:
4814:
4804:
4802:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4712:
4710:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4677:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4644:
4642:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4570:
4566:
4556:
4554:
4542:
4535:
4518:
4516:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4449:
4443:
4439:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4390:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4326:
4319:
4305:
4294:
4283:
4279:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4250:Wayback Machine
4238:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4209:
4205:
4184:
4180:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4067:
3996:
3982:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3913:
3912:
3908:by Michelangelo
3860:Vatican Museums
3855:
3853:Vatican Museums
3845:
3844:
3780:Cappella Giulia
3590:Gregorian Tower
3540:
3532:
3531:
3462:Vatican Library
3457:Vatican Museums
3452:
3442:
3441:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3283:
3270:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3198:Papal Gentleman
3193:Papal household
3187:
3171:
3132:Diocese of Rome
3115:Catholic Church
3098:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3070:
3058:
3030:
2950:
2865:
2833:
2823:
2822:
2790:
2757:Doe v. Holy See
2709:
2699:
2698:
2645:
2611:Capture of Rome
2571:
2561:
2534:
2467:
2438:King of Germany
2421:(1996) and the
2374:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1972:
1955:
1953:Historical data
1920:
1868:received first
1865:
1821:
1815:in April 1969.
1806:Pope John XXIII
1722:
1663:appears in the
1649:
1643:
1627:pseudocardinals
1606:to elect a new
1596:Catholic Church
1576:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1367:
1366:Societal issues
1359:
1358:
1357:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1269:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1201:
1175:Post-Vatican II
1165:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1118:
1072:
1066:Liturgical year
1025:
1017:
1016:
1015:
968:
948:Social teaching
933:Catholic ethics
912:
904:
903:
902:
868:Apostles' Creed
840:Sixtine Vulgate
799:
789:
788:
770:Beatific vision
704:Other teachings
625:Moral influence
451:Paschal mystery
323:
322:
304:
303:
302:
257:
247:
246:
245:
236:One true church
161:
153:
103:
88:
72:Catholic Church
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12458:
12448:
12447:
12442:
12425:
12424:
12422:
12421:
12408:
12405:
12404:
12402:
12401:
12393:
12391:
12387:
12386:
12384:
12383:
12378:
12373:
12372:
12371:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12346:
12343:Dominium mundi
12339:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12319:
12313:
12311:
12307:
12306:
12304:
12303:
12298:
12297:
12296:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12246:Dictatus papae
12242:
12236:
12234:
12228:
12227:
12225:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12158:
12156:
12152:
12151:
12144:
12143:
12136:
12129:
12121:
12112:
12111:
12109:
12108:
12098:
12085:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12060:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12018:
12016:
12010:
12009:
12007:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11989:Legion of Mary
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11940:
11939:
11938:
11937:
11927:
11926:
11925:
11918:Lay Carmelites
11915:
11905:
11904:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11888:
11877:
11875:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11766:Conceptionists
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11701:Assumptionists
11697:
11695:
11680:
11679:
11677:
11676:
11669:
11662:
11655:
11652:
11651:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11630:
11624:
11622:
11616:
11615:
11613:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11568:
11567:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11534:
11532:
11526:
11525:
11522:
11521:
11519:
11518:
11517:
11516:
11515:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11469:
11468:
11467:
11466:
11465:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11424:
11422:
11416:
11415:
11413:
11412:
11411:
11410:
11405:
11403:Syro-Malankara
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11353:Italo-Albanian
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11285:
11279:
11277:
11267:
11266:
11264:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11241:
11236:
11235:
11234:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11217:
11207:
11202:
11201:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11171:
11164:
11162:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11136:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11080:
11079:
11078:
11073:
11062:
11060:
11049:
11048:
11046:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11023:Lateran Treaty
11020:
11015:
11010:
11004:
11002:
10996:
10995:
10993:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10981:
10980:
10970:
10969:
10968:
10963:
10949:
10944:
10935:
10933:
10918:
10892:
10891:
10889:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10842:
10841:
10836:
10825:
10823:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10813:
10812:
10811:
10806:
10796:
10795:
10794:
10784:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10759:Moral theology
10756:
10750:
10748:
10742:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10735:
10734:
10729:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10685:
10683:
10677:
10676:
10674:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10630:
10628:
10622:
10621:
10619:
10618:
10613:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10589:
10584:
10583:
10582:
10577:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10549:
10547:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10537:
10532:
10531:
10530:
10523:
10518:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10459:
10458:
10453:
10442:
10440:
10433:
10411:
10410:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10357:
10356:
10355:
10354:
10344:
10333:
10331:
10325:
10324:
10322:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10274:Pope Gregory I
10271:
10265:
10263:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10253:
10248:
10246:Biblical canon
10243:
10241:Late antiquity
10238:
10237:
10236:
10231:
10221:
10216:
10210:
10208:
10202:
10201:
10199:
10198:
10197:
10196:
10186:
10185:
10184:
10177:Church fathers
10174:
10173:
10172:
10167:
10157:
10156:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10129:
10127:
10118:
10111:Ecclesiastical
10098:
10097:
10095:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10073:
10070:
10069:
10062:
10061:
10054:
10047:
10039:
10030:
10029:
10027:
10026:
10014:
10001:
9998:
9997:
9995:
9994:
9989:
9988:
9987:
9982:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9949:
9947:
9943:
9942:
9939:
9938:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9915:
9913:
9904:
9903:
9894:
9888:
9887:
9886:
9883:
9877:
9874:
9865:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9853:
9852:
9850:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9839:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9815:
9810:
9804:
9800:Palace of the
9797:
9795:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9761:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9693:
9688:
9687:
9686:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9666:Lateran Palace
9662:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9630:
9628:
9618:
9617:
9609:
9598:
9595:territoriality
9582:
9581:
9578:
9577:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9519:
9517:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9507:
9502:
9496:
9494:
9488:
9487:
9485:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9457:Velletri-Segni
9454:
9448:
9446:
9437:
9416:Ecclesiastical
9412:
9411:
9409:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9392:
9390:
9381:
9372:full communion
9356:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9348:
9347:
9346:
9336:
9335:
9334:
9324:
9323:
9322:
9315:European Union
9312:
9311:
9310:
9309:
9308:
9296:United Nations
9293:
9288:
9287:
9286:
9276:
9271:
9265:
9263:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9229:
9228:
9218:
9207:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9195:
9194:
9193:
9191:Papal conclave
9183:
9177:
9175:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9164:
9163:
9158:
9148:
9146:Pietro Parolin
9140:
9131:
9129:
9120:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9081:
9080:
9078:Lateran Treaty
9070:
9065:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9044:Temporal power
9036:
9034:Avignon Papacy
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9015:
9014:
9007:Lateran Palace
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8978:
8976:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8966:
8957:
8948:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8913:
8912:
8905:
8898:
8890:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8877:
8865:
8852:
8849:
8848:
8846:
8845:
8844:
8843:
8841:Western Schism
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8802:
8801:
8799:Major Seminary
8791:
8790:
8789:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8758:Papal nobility
8754:
8752:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8728:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8711:
8710:
8700:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8683:
8672:
8670:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8631:
8630:
8620:
8615:
8606:
8600:
8598:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8572:
8570:
8569:Transportation
8566:
8565:
8563:
8562:
8557:
8556:
8555:
8545:
8543:Sub-cinctorium
8540:
8539:
8538:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8477:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8458:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8427:
8426:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8407:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8382:
8380:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8340:
8335:
8329:
8327:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8302:Keys of Heaven
8299:
8294:
8289:
8283:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8229:Bishop of Rome
8226:
8220:
8218:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8181:
8179:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8169:
8159:
8153:
8152:
8151:
8149:Sistine Chapel
8146:
8136:
8129:
8127:
8123:
8122:
8119:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8102:
8101:
8100:
8097:Lateran Treaty
8080:
8078:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8054:
8025:
8023:
8020:Full communion
8008:
8002:
8001:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7977:
7976:
7969:
7962:
7954:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7917:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7906:
7900:
7894:
7888:
7882:
7876:
7870:
7864:
7858:
7852:
7846:
7840:
7834:
7828:
7822:
7816:
7810:
7804:
7798:
7792:
7786:
7780:
7774:
7771:della Somaglia
7768:
7762:
7756:
7750:
7744:
7738:
7732:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7704:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7681:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7656:
7644:
7631:
7630:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7614:
7611:Titular church
7598:
7597:
7589:
7582:papal conclave
7576:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7560:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7516:
7509:
7500:
7491:
7483:
7476:
7469:
7460:
7451:
7442:
7435:
7428:
7421:
7412:
7405:
7398:
7391:
7382:
7375:
7366:
7362:Ladaria Ferrer
7357:
7348:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7296:
7289:
7282:
7275:
7268:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7203:
7194:
7187:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7110:
7101:
7094:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7066:
7057:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7019:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6963:Barreto Jimeno
6958:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6928:
6924:Mangkhanekhoun
6919:
6912:
6904:
6895:
6888:
6881:
6874:
6865:
6858:
6855:Porras Cardozo
6851:
6842:
6835:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6788:
6781:
6772:
6768:Blázquez Pérez
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6726:
6717:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6671:
6664:
6655:
6646:
6639:
6630:
6623:
6616:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6578:
6569:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6537:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6468:
6459:
6450:
6443:
6434:
6425:
6416:
6407:
6398:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6359:
6350:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6300:
6293:
6284:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6239:
6230:
6221:
6212:
6203:
6194:
6185:
6178:
6169:
6160:
6151:
6142:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6109:
6100:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6027:
6018:
6009:
6005:Herranz Casado
6000:
5991:
5982:
5973:
5969:Errázuriz Ossa
5964:
5955:
5946:
5937:
5928:
5924:Rivera Carrera
5919:
5912:
5903:
5894:
5885:
5876:
5867:
5860:
5851:
5842:
5833:
5824:
5815:
5806:
5797:
5788:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5750:
5741:
5734:
5725:
5718:
5709:
5701:
5692:
5683:
5674:
5665:
5655:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5623:
5622:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5603:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5547:
5546:External links
5544:
5543:
5542:
5527:
5512:
5497:
5486:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5436:
5424:
5398:
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5345:
5331:
5305:
5283:
5274:
5265:
5237:
5215:
5197:
5183:
5158:
5127:
5114:New York Times
5098:
5084:
5064:
5049:
5033:New York Times
5017:
4986:
4963:
4952:
4926:
4880:
4842:
4812:
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4753:
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4216:
4203:
4178:
4174:Henri de Lubac
4170:Cum gravissima
4161:
4152:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4063:
3990:Papal conclave
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3928:
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3897:
3895:Sistine Chapel
3892:
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3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
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3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Circus of Nero
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
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3697:
3692:
3687:
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3647:
3642:
3640:Lateran Palace
3637:
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3597:
3592:
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3260:
3258:Paul Gallagher
3249:
3248:
3247:
3245:Lateran Treaty
3237:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3149:Papal conclave
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3099:
3094:
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3090:
3089:
3086:
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3007:
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2994:
2993:
2988:
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2968:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:Pietro Parolin
2942:
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2918:
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2908:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2883:
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2800:
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2752:
2738:
2736:Lateran Treaty
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
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2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2639:
2636:Lateran Treaty
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2624:Roman Question
2620:" (1870–1929)
2614:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2533:
2530:
2466:
2463:
2397:papal conclave
2373:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:
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2287:
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2273:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1978:
1976:
1954:
1951:
1931:Tommaso Antici
1919:
1916:
1864:
1861:
1820:
1817:
1721:
1718:
1714:Pope John XXII
1642:
1639:
1631:Western Schism
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1138:Biblical canon
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:Divine Liturgy
1043:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
991:
986:
976:
974:Augustinianism
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
914:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
864:
863:
862:
861:
856:
855:
854:
847:
842:
829:
828:
827:Official Bible
824:
823:
822:
821:
816:
808:
807:
801:
800:
795:
794:
791:
790:
785:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
760:Predestination
757:
752:
747:
745:Amillennialism
742:
737:
732:
731:
730:
720:
715:
707:
706:
700:
699:
698:
697:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
652:
651:
645:
644:
643:
642:
637:
632:
630:Sanctification
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
605:Means of grace
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
564:
563:
557:
556:
555:
554:
549:
544:
543:
542:
532:
531:
530:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
492:
491:
485:
484:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
454:
453:
447:
446:
445:
444:
439:
434:
429:
421:
420:
414:
413:
412:
411:
404:
397:
387:
386:
380:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
362:
361:
356:
351:
339:
338:
337:
336:
324:
321:
320:
317:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
301:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
259:
258:
253:
252:
249:
248:
244:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
207:
206:
201:
196:
186:
185:
184:
179:
174:
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
134:
129:
118:
117:
112:
100:
97:
96:
90:
89:
87:, Vatican City
83:
75:
74:
68:
67:
59:
58:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12457:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12437:
12435:
12420:
12415:
12410:
12409:
12406:
12400:
12399:
12395:
12394:
12392:
12388:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12370:
12367:
12366:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12344:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12314:
12312:
12308:
12302:
12299:
12295:
12292:
12291:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12274:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12247:
12243:
12241:
12238:
12237:
12235:
12229:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12159:
12157:
12153:
12149:
12142:
12137:
12135:
12130:
12128:
12123:
12122:
12119:
12107:
12099:
12097:
12092:
12087:
12086:
12083:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12061:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12037:Home Missions
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12019:
12017:
12015:
12011:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11960:
11957:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11936:
11933:
11932:
11931:
11930:Saint Francis
11928:
11924:
11921:
11920:
11919:
11916:
11914:
11913:Saint Dominic
11911:
11910:
11909:
11906:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11883:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11874:
11868:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11726:Bethlehemites
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11698:
11696:
11694:
11690:
11685:
11681:
11675:
11674:
11670:
11668:
11667:
11663:
11661:
11660:
11656:
11653:
11649:
11648:Vatican Radio
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11635:
11634:
11633:Vatican Media
11631:
11629:
11626:
11625:
11623:
11621:
11617:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11566:
11563:
11562:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11544:
11541:
11540:
11539:
11536:
11535:
11533:
11531:
11527:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11494:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11474:
11473:
11470:
11464:
11461:
11460:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11430:
11429:
11426:
11425:
11423:
11421:
11417:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11290:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11280:
11278:
11276:
11272:
11268:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11246:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11237:
11233:
11230:
11229:
11228:
11225:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11212:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11180:
11177:
11176:
11175:
11172:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11161:
11157:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11085:
11084:
11081:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11068:
11067:
11064:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11054:
11050:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11005:
11003:
11001:
10997:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10979:
10976:
10975:
10974:
10971:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10958:
10957:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10937:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10930:List of popes
10926:
10922:
10919:
10916:
10912:
10908:
10904:
10900:
10893:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10831:
10830:
10827:
10826:
10824:
10822:
10818:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10801:
10800:
10797:
10793:
10790:
10789:
10788:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10747:
10743:
10733:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10714:Mother of God
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10684:
10682:
10678:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10660:
10657:
10656:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10631:
10629:
10627:
10623:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10611:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10599:People of God
10597:
10595:
10594:
10590:
10588:
10587:Infallibility
10585:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10571:
10568:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10551:
10550:
10548:
10546:
10542:
10536:
10533:
10529:
10528:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10463:Body and soul
10461:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10448:
10447:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10437:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10425:
10421:
10416:
10412:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10366:Enlightenment
10364:
10362:
10359:
10353:
10350:
10349:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10339:
10338:
10337:Protestantism
10335:
10334:
10332:
10330:
10326:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10314:Scholasticism
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10299:Schism (1378)
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10284:Schism (1054)
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10262:
10258:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10226:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10211:
10209:
10207:
10203:
10195:
10192:
10191:
10190:
10187:
10183:
10180:
10179:
10178:
10175:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10162:
10161:
10158:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10135:
10134:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10122:
10119:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10103:
10099:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10074:
10071:
10067:
10060:
10055:
10053:
10048:
10046:
10041:
10040:
10037:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10013:
10003:
10002:
9999:
9993:
9990:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9977:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9970:Peter's Pence
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9951:
9950:
9948:
9944:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9908:
9902:
9898:
9897:Vatican Radio
9895:
9893:
9889:
9884:
9882:
9878:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9870:
9867:
9866:
9864:
9858:
9846:
9843:
9842:
9840:
9838:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9805:
9803:
9802:Holy Apostles
9799:
9798:
9796:
9790:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9764:
9760:
9757:
9756:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9668:
9667:
9664:
9663:
9660:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9627:
9623:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9602:
9599:
9596:
9587:
9583:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9528:Anagni-Alatri
9526:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9516:
9512:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9497:
9495:
9493:
9489:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9445:
9441:
9438:
9434:
9429:
9425:
9419:
9413:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9389:
9385:
9382:
9378:
9377:Papal primacy
9373:
9369:
9363:
9357:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9337:
9333:
9330:
9329:
9328:
9325:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9316:
9313:
9307:
9304:
9303:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9256:
9252:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9238:Congregations
9236:
9234:
9231:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9206:
9204:
9200:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9174:
9170:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9153:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9121:
9117:
9112:
9109:international
9103:
9097:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9079:
9076:
9075:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9063:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9045:
9042:
9041:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9019:Duchy of Rome
9017:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8982:Apostolic see
8980:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8971:
8965:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8936:
8932:
8931:episcopal see
8929:
8926:
8925:
8922:
8918:
8911:
8906:
8904:
8899:
8897:
8892:
8891:
8888:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8864:
8854:
8853:
8850:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8792:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8765:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8749:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8720:Congregations
8718:
8716:
8713:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8695:
8694:
8691:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8667:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8629:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8597:
8593:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8567:
8561:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8537:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8470:
8464:
8461:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8425:
8422:
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5558:GCatholic.org
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5539:1-58051-135-X
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5524:0-19-517834-3
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5509:0-415-92228-3
5506:
5503:. Routledge.
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5483:0-312-29463-8
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4676:. 25 May 1976
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4359:(in German).
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4059:Keith O'Brien
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3044:Vical General
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2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:Duchy of Rome
2574:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:Roman Emperor
2383:
2379:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1995:
1992:February 2013
1986:
1982:
1979:This list is
1977:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1945:in 1927, and
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Homosexuality
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1353:Protestantism
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:Miscellaneous
1289:
1288:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
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1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:Latin liturgy
1158:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
980:
979:Scholasticism
977:
975:
972:
971:
970:
964:
963:Virtue ethics
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
908:
907:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
860:
857:
853:
852:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
833:
832:
831:
830:
826:
825:
820:
819:New Testament
817:
815:
814:Old Testament
812:
811:
810:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
793:
792:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
729:
726:
725:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
708:
705:
702:
701:
696:
695:
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:People of God
681:
679:
678:Papal primacy
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
653:
650:
647:
646:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:Justification
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
566:
565:
562:
559:
558:
553:
550:
548:
545:
541:
538:
537:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
493:
490:
487:
486:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
455:
452:
449:
448:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
424:
423:
422:
419:
416:
415:
410:
409:
405:
403:
402:
398:
396:
395:
391:
390:
389:
388:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
342:
341:
340:
335:
334:
333:
332:
328:
327:
318:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
256:
251:
250:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
157:
156:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
101:
99:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
60:
56:
52:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
12396:
12364:Papal States
12341:
12331:
12294:Sack of Rome
12271:
12244:
12076:Universities
11908:Third orders
11871:Associations
11861:Visitandines
11856:Trinitarians
11806:Mercedarians
11791:Hieronymites
11736:Camaldoleses
11721:Benedictines
11711:Augustinians
11671:
11664:
11657:
11638:Vatican News
11592:Distinctions
11398:Syro-Malabar
11283:Latin Church
11205:Grand master
11103:Metropolitan
11000:Vatican City
10951:
10895:Organisation
10774:Philosophers
10639:Confirmation
10616:In canon law
10610:Subsistit in
10608:
10604:Three states
10591:
10552:
10545:Ecclesiology
10527:Nova Vulgata
10525:
10483:Original sin
10478:Nicene Creed
10468:Divine grace
10427:
10309:Universities
10279:Papal States
10206:Great Church
10148:Resurrection
10125:Early Church
9952:
9774:Beda College
9676:Scala Sancta
9500:Montecassino
9433:Vatican City
9185:
9116:Legal status
9085:World War II
9073:Vatican City
9068:Savoyard era
9039:Papal States
8955:Vatican City
8675:
8586:Shepherd One
8446:Inauguration
8411:Urbi et Orbi
8409:
8224:His Holiness
8133:Vatican City
8126:Headquarters
8066:Vatican City
8028:
8006:Jurisdiction
7879:Confalonieri
7714:
7585:
7563:
7554:
7503:
7494:
7463:
7456:Cantalamessa
7454:
7445:
7415:
7395:Ayuso Guixot
7387:Bocos Merino
7385:
7369:
7360:
7351:
7321:
7299:
7206:
7197:
7104:
7060:
7051:
7045:López Romero
6993:Ticona Porco
6991:
6961:
6955:Santos Marto
6931:
6922:
6898:
6878:Aguiar Retes
6868:
6845:
6824:Osoro Sierra
6807:
6798:
6775:
6766:
6746:Kovithavanij
6729:
6720:
6711:
6674:
6658:
6649:
6633:
6581:
6572:
6563:
6540:
6531:
6494:
6471:
6462:
6453:
6437:
6428:
6419:
6410:
6401:
6392:
6362:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6303:
6287:
6278:
6233:
6224:
6215:
6206:
6197:
6188:
6172:
6163:
6154:
6145:
6135:
6112:
6103:
6094:
6071:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6021:
6012:
6003:
5994:
5985:
5976:
5967:
5958:
5949:
5940:
5931:
5922:
5906:
5899:Rouco Varela
5897:
5888:
5879:
5870:
5854:
5845:
5838:Darmaatmadja
5836:
5827:
5818:
5809:
5800:
5791:
5782:
5773:
5744:
5728:
5712:
5695:
5686:
5677:
5668:
5659:
5636:Pope Francis
5606:
5530:
5515:
5500:
5493:
5489:
5474:
5453:. Retrieved
5449:
5439:
5431:
5427:
5415:. Retrieved
5401:
5389:. Retrieved
5382:the original
5365:
5357:
5353:
5348:
5336:. Retrieved
5316:
5308:
5300:
5294:
5277:
5268:
5256:. Retrieved
5250:
5240:
5228:. Retrieved
5218:
5210:Vatican News
5209:
5200:
5188:. Retrieved
5173:
5149:. Retrieved
5142:
5130:
5118:. Retrieved
5113:
5101:
5089:. Retrieved
5074:
5067:
5058:
5052:
5044:
5037:. Retrieved
5032:
5020:
5008:. Retrieved
5002:
4989:
4977:. Retrieved
4966:
4960:canon 232 §1
4955:
4943:. Retrieved
4939:
4929:
4917:. Retrieved
4913:
4898:. Retrieved
4896:(in Italian)
4893:
4883:
4875:
4868:. Retrieved
4862:
4847:. Retrieved
4823:
4815:
4803:. Retrieved
4797:
4790:Bruni, Frank
4784:
4772:. Retrieved
4766:
4756:
4744:. Retrieved
4729:
4720:
4711:. Retrieved
4701:
4690:
4678:. Retrieved
4671:
4662:
4652:
4643:. Retrieved
4633:
4625:
4613:. Retrieved
4609:the original
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4577:
4567:
4555:. Retrieved
4549:
4526:
4517:. Retrieved
4510:
4502:
4490:. Retrieved
4484:
4471:
4459:. Retrieved
4453:
4440:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4387:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4341:
4308:
4286:
4280:
4271:
4265:
4256:
4241:
4235:
4211:
4206:
4186:
4181:
4169:
4164:
4155:
4137:
4051:Pope Francis
4043:Benedict XVI
4040:
4029:
4018:
4008:
4005:motu proprio
4003:
4000:Pope Paul VI
3997:
3905:
3705:Vatican Hill
3645:Leonine City
3523:
3375:Vatican lira
3154:
3120:Latin Church
3027:
3021:
2893:
2885:
2794:Pastor Bonus
2793:
2755:
2746:
2713:
2679:Savoyard Era
2642:Vatican City
2588:Papal States
2559:Vatican City
2495:
2474:
2468:
2427:
2416:
2409:sede vacante
2407:
2405:
2401:Pope Paul VI
2394:
2390:canonization
2375:
2291:October 1978
2255:
2250:
2245:
2142:1294 (July)
1989:
1956:
1943:Louis Billot
1924:
1921:
1912:Pope Francis
1895:Eastern Rite
1891:jus optionis
1890:
1878:major orders
1866:
1853:Pope Francis
1830:
1822:
1810:Pope Paul VI
1803:
1787:Pope Pius IV
1776:
1769:
1759:) and 1513 (
1746:
1742:Benedict XII
1738:
1723:
1710:
1695:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1612:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1408:Nazi Germany
1398:Sexual abuse
1332:
1190:Anglican Use
1185:Use of Sarum
1097:Confirmation
1056:Holy Qurbono
1051:Holy Qurbana
967:
958:Philosophers
873:Nicene Creed
851:Nova Vulgata
849:
750:Original sin
694:Subsistit in
692:
649:Ecclesiology
620:Satisfaction
580:Divine grace
475:Resurrection
406:
399:
392:
329:
288:Latin Church
272:
255:Organisation
177:Resurrection
36:
12354:Investiture
12066:Health care
12052:Pax Christi
12004:Schoenstatt
11969:Sant'Egidio
11801:Legionaries
11781:Franciscans
11756:Cistercians
11751:Carthusians
11706:Annonciades
11565:Altarpieces
11458:West Syriac
11453:East Syriac
11433:Alexandrian
11057:Holy orders
11038:Swiss Guard
10978:Dicasteries
10973:Roman Curia
10871:Evangelists
10829:Holy Family
10764:Personalism
10754:Natural law
10732:Josephology
10666:Holy orders
10304:Inquisition
10261:Middle Ages
10251:Monasticism
10219:Constantine
10143:Crucifixion
9992:Swiss Guard
9739:Palazzo Pio
9243:Dicasteries
9221:Commissions
9211:Roman Curia
9090:Warsaw Pact
8806:Swiss Guard
8725:Dicasteries
8703:Commissions
8693:Roman Curia
8613:Swiss Guard
8386:Arbitration
8215:Papal names
8104:along with
7053:Tamkevičius
6971:Tsarahazana
6933:Rosa Chávez
6817:Nzapalainga
6731:Suárez Inda
6394:Brandmüller
6217:Vingt-Trois
6032:Zubeir Wako
5455:25 February
5230:21 December
5091:15 December
4979:15 December
4122:Protopriest
3685:Scala Regia
3660:Papal tombs
3430:Papal tiara
3297:Visa policy
3137:Roman Curia
3054:President:
3015:Noble Guard
2590:(754–1870)
2301:August 1978
2256:(1903–2024)
1959:Middle Ages
1874:minor order
1706:Innocent II
1698:Pope Leo IX
1674:In 845 the
1515:WikiProject
1383:Health care
1328:Monasticism
1263:East Syriac
1253:West Syriac
1243:Alexandrian
1112:Holy orders
943:Probabilism
938:Personalism
928:Natural law
740:Apologetics
713:Josephology
401:Ex Cathedra
268:Roman Curia
226:Magisterium
172:Crucifixion
18:Cardinalate
12434:Categories
12233:and events
11821:Oratorians
11776:Dominicans
11746:Carmelites
11741:Camillians
11689:institutes
11502:Tridentine
11438:Antiochian
11358:Macedonian
11303:Belarusian
11193:Provincial
11108:Archbishop
11028:Roman Rota
10990:Properties
10915:By country
10911:Precedence
10876:Confessors
10856:Archangels
10846:Patriarchs
10746:Philosophy
10724:Veneration
10689:Assumption
10659:Last rites
10626:Sacraments
10570:Four marks
10381:Vatican II
10329:Modern era
10165:Succession
9975:Roman Rota
9873:Papal farm
9806:Palace of
9698:Hill area
9586:Properties
9472:Palestrina
9344:Concordats
9203:Government
9173:Governance
8660:Theologian
8604:Camerlengo
8576:Popemobile
8436:Consistory
8431:Coronation
8404:Pontifical
8391:Deposition
8379:Activities
8355:Encyclical
8317:Umbraculum
7990:Episcopate
7741:Cavalchini
7602:See also:
7417:Fitzgerald
7216:Pizzaballa
6941:De Donatis
6916:Arborelius
6753:Montenegro
6713:Menichelli
6698:Souraphiel
6583:Baldisseri
6557:Thottunkal
6481:Alencherry
5784:Nascimento
5190:2 November
5151:26 October
5120:26 October
5039:25 October
5010:25 October
4864:Commonweal
4832:. p.
4719:See also:
4651:See also:
4525:See also:
4222:References
3740:Sala Regia
3230:Concordats
3108:Popemobile
3028:Camerlengo
2508:, and the
2382:consistory
2262:June 2024
1981:incomplete
1779:Pope Leo X
1761:Pope Leo X
1645:See also:
1248:Antiochene
1180:Tridentine
1077:Sacraments
911:Philosophy
888:Papal bull
640:Venial sin
615:Mortal sin
547:Apparition
523:Assumption
503:Veneration
408:Deificatio
384:Divine law
359:Holy Ghost
315:Theologies
160:Background
144:Sacraments
12317:Canon law
12231:Documents
12177:Erlembald
12062:See also:
12014:Charities
11923:Discalced
11851:Trappists
11846:Theatines
11816:Olivetans
11761:Clarisses
11731:Blue nuns
11716:Basilians
11693:societies
11601:See also:
11487:Mozarabic
11477:Ambrosian
11463:Malankara
11448:Byzantine
11408:Ukrainian
11383:Ruthenian
11348:Hungarian
11333:Ethiopian
11308:Bulgarian
11275:sui iuris
11259:Postulant
11168:Religious
11123:Auxiliary
11118:Coadjutor
11088:Patriarch
10956:Cardinals
10903:Canon law
10899:Hierarchy
10881:Disciples
10804:Relations
10792:Evolution
10783:See also:
10728:See also:
10681:Mariology
10671:Matrimony
10644:Eucharist
10565:Ecumenism
10493:Salvation
10429:Catechism
10424:Tradition
10386:Communism
10234:Chalcedon
9881:Barberini
9696:Gianicolo
9590:including
9424:Vicariate
9368:universal
9306:in Geneva
9151:Cardinals
9127:Officials
9100:Sovereign
8928:Apostolic
8681:cardinals
8635:Gentlemen
8623:Palatinus
8609:Commander
8596:Household
8560:Zucchetto
8501:Flabellum
8473:Vestments
8456:High Mass
8441:Diplomacy
8370:Interdict
7897:Ratzinger
7867:Cicognani
7861:Tisserant
7813:di Pietro
7759:Antonelli
7556:Marchetto
7534:Tscherrig
7527:Fernández
7520:Gugerotti
7496:Ghirlanda
7379:Krajewski
7091:Aós Braco
7084:Advincula
7062:Dal Corso
7023:Hollerich
6978:Petrocchi
6847:D'Rozario
6668:Ouédraogo
6565:Onaiyekan
6305:Monterisi
6050:Antonelli
5916:Schönborn
5890:De Giorgi
5775:Kitbunchu
5628:Cardinals
5303:88 (1996)
5252:USA Today
4945:1 October
4894:La Stampa
4227:Citations
4031:Canon law
3422:(Vatican
3076:Tribunale
2944:Secretary
2859:President
2853:President
2776:Canon law
2578:(554–751)
2465:Officials
2446:Henry III
2392:process.
2372:Functions
2089:12 or 13
2033:46 or 47
1949:in 2018.
1941:in 1838,
1937:in 1807,
1933:in 1798,
1908:Vice-Dean
1886:subdeacon
1876:, or the
1683:Stephen V
1651:The word
1635:antipopes
1592:cardinals
1505:Templates
1378:Evolution
1348:Orthodoxy
1323:Ecumenism
1309:Criticism
1299:Antipopes
1279:Byzantine
1258:Malankara
1221:Mozarabic
1211:Ambrosian
1195:Zaire Use
1128:Devotions
1107:Matrimony
1092:Eucharist
735:Sexuality
635:Synergism
561:Salvation
552:Mediatrix
528:Dormition
513:Mater Dei
498:Mariology
480:Ascension
432:Purgatory
394:Decalogus
298:Canon law
182:Ascension
115:Hierarchy
12390:See also
12310:Concepts
12106:Category
11999:Opus Dei
11984:Scouting
11974:Focolare
11841:Servites
11826:Piarists
11771:Crosiers
11507:Anglican
11443:Armenian
11373:Romanian
11363:Maronite
11338:Georgian
11328:Eritrean
11313:Chaldean
11298:Armenian
11293:Albanian
11174:Superior
11133:Emeritus
11113:Diocesan
10966:Advisers
10925:Holy See
10851:Prophets
10809:Politics
10580:Catholic
10560:Councils
10415:Theology
10294:Crusades
10229:Nicaea I
10160:Apostles
10138:Ministry
10107:Timeline
10087:Glossary
9946:See also
9467:Frascati
9339:Treaties
9233:Councils
9161:Advisers
8917:Holy See
8836:Antipope
8811:Papabile
8715:Councils
8640:Preacher
8618:Chaplain
8536:Slippers
8516:Mozzetta
8419:Conclave
8398:Blessing
8166:cathedra
8084:Enclaved
8015:Holy See
7735:Spinelli
7641:Category
7439:Gambetti
7432:Semeraro
7402:Mendonça
7331:Mamberti
7286:Bustillo
7265:Rugambwa
7237:Aparicio
7121:Okpaleke
7098:Lojudice
7070:Kambanda
6862:De Kesel
6800:Villalba
6691:Clemente
6684:Langlois
6635:Bassetti
6627:Tempesta
6473:Versaldi
6464:Calcagno
6430:Bertello
6328:Piacenza
6226:Bagnasco
6174:Comastri
6137:O'Malley
6081:Barbarin
5881:Stafford
5450:BBC News
5411:Archived
5391:11 April
5258:1 August
4246:Archived
4176:in 1983.
4117:Papabile
4065:See also
4002:'s 1970
3424:postcode
3127:Holy See
2838:Archives
2550:a series
2473:and the
2450:Holy See
2434:Henry IV
1957:For the
1825:conclave
1799:Sixtus V
1777:In 1517
1661:cardinal
1653:cardinal
1604:conclave
1485:Category
1475:Glossary
1413:Politics
1388:HIV/AIDS
1318:Pandeism
1274:Armenian
1206:Gallican
1006:Molinism
994:Occamism
969:Schools
923:Just war
859:Peshitta
728:Lectures
718:Morality
371:Filioque
319:Doctrine
263:Holy See
132:Theology
126:timeline
94:Overview
64:a series
62:Part of
12071:Schools
12027:Caritas
11935:Secular
11901:Workers
11796:Jesuits
11582:Museums
11577:Library
11555:Writers
11550:Artists
11530:Culture
11497:Paul VI
11378:Russian
11368:Melkite
11210:Brother
11188:General
11128:Titular
11098:Primate
11076:Eparchy
11066:Diocese
11013:Outline
10952:College
10942:Francis
10886:Virgins
10861:Martyrs
10787:Science
10694:History
10649:Penance
10634:Baptism
10535:Worship
10508:Vulgate
10456:Kingdom
10451:Trinity
10439:General
10194:Primacy
10102:History
10082:Outline
9860:Outside
9568:Viterbo
9505:Subiaco
9362:of Rome
9360:Diocese
9138:Francis
8974:History
8944:of the
8938:Francis
8821:Legends
8787:in Rome
8751:Related
8645:Prefect
8611:of the
8521:Pallium
8481:Camauro
8279:Symbols
8075:outline
8052:History
8047:Primacy
8040:of the
8033:Francis
7992:of the
7873:Traglia
7819:Sacconi
7713:of the
7604:Titular
7586:italics
7513:Prevost
7345:Farrell
7323:Martino
7301:Sánchez
7272:Francis
7223:Brislin
7191:Marengo
7156:Cantoni
7142:McElroy
7128:Steiner
7114:Aveline
7077:Gregory
6676:Quevedo
6612:Lacroix
6598:Nichols
6542:Mureșan
6488:Collins
6455:O'Brien
6265:Scherer
6258:DiNardo
6243:Gracias
6147:Dziwisz
6114:Rosales
6105:Vallini
6065:Bozanić
6058:Turkson
5793:Poupard
5714:Ouellet
5705:Parolin
5688:Bertone
5630:of the
5496:: 7–71.
5468:Sources
5434:, 88–90
5338:1 March
4940:Reuters
4919:12 July
4900:12 July
4870:12 July
4849:12 July
4805:12 July
4774:12 July
4746:12 July
4713:12 July
4680:12 July
4645:12 July
4615:12 July
4585:12 July
4557:12 July
4519:12 July
4492:12 July
4461:12 July
3921:Outline
3450:Culture
3392:Symbols
3318:Economy
3279:Nuncios
2646:present
2594:Annates
2569:History
2403:at 80.
1870:tonsure
1783:Paul IV
1728:of the
1641:History
1594:of the
1470:Outline
1440:Slavery
1430:Science
1343:Judaism
1087:Penance
1082:Baptism
1031:Liturgy
1024:Worship
989:Scotism
984:Thomism
835:Vulgate
344:Trinity
204:Fathers
137:Liturgy
122:History
109:Francis
12381:Simony
12359:Papacy
12155:People
11949:Fimcap
11891:Marian
11811:Minims
11543:Marian
11393:Syriac
11388:Slovak
11318:Coptic
11254:Oblate
11249:Master
11244:Novice
11239:Hermit
11227:Sister
11183:Abbess
11150:Deacon
11145:Priest
11140:Parish
11083:Bishop
11053:Polity
10839:Joseph
10821:Saints
10488:Saints
10376:Nazism
9960:Awards
9879:Villa
9604:Inside
9593:extra-
9563:Tivoli
9477:Albano
9388:Synods
9366:with
9332:Nuncio
9012:Museum
8962:under
8942:bishop
8732:Synods
8506:Mantle
8496:Ferula
8463:Travel
8210:Titles
8099:, 1929
8038:bishop
7994:bishop
7981:Papacy
7903:Sodano
7891:Gantin
7795:Mattei
7789:Macchi
7783:Micara
7765:Mattei
7753:Stuart
7747:Albani
7729:d'Elci
7548:Artime
7541:Pierre
7505:Frezza
7465:Feroci
7447:Tomasi
7409:Czerny
7371:Becciu
7353:Simoni
7338:Zenari
7293:Aguiar
7208:Miglio
7135:Ferrão
6948:Coutts
6839:Cupich
6591:Müller
6550:Harvey
6525:Woelki
6511:Betori
6421:Vegliò
6337:Ravasi
6280:Karlic
6190:Farina
6165:Lajolo
6122:Ricard
6041:Rigali
6023:Okogie
5978:Napier
5960:Bačkis
5951:Kasper
5933:Pujats
5864:Puljić
5847:Wamala
5820:Mahony
5802:Wetter
5730:Stella
5722:Filoni
5679:Arinze
5670:Sandri
5634:under
5537:
5522:
5507:
5481:
5417:29 May
5329:
5181:
5082:
4840:
4737:
4315:
3410:Anthem
3096:Papacy
2644:(1929–
2638:(1929)
2613:(1870)
2584:(750s)
2524:, the
2514:Lisbon
2504:, the
2500:, the
2430:bishop
2365:56.25
2355:50.76
2345:51.60
2335:54.80
2325:35.80
2315:35.36
2305:22.80
2295:22.50
2285:17.09
2275:22.60
1882:deacon
1863:Orders
1123:Prayer
775:Saints
535:Titles
427:Heaven
349:Father
66:on the
12047:CIDSE
11896:Youth
11620:Media
11587:Music
11512:Zaire
11492:Roman
11482:Braga
11472:Latin
11343:Greek
11215:Friar
11179:Abbot
11093:Major
11008:Index
10907:Laity
10473:Dogma
10420:Bible
10396:Islam
10352:Trent
10133:Jesus
10115:Legal
10077:Index
9553:Rieti
9523:Gaeta
9452:Ostia
9291:Italy
9284:Heads
9106:under
8764:Black
8669:Staff
8548:Tiara
8531:Shoes
8511:Mitre
8491:Fanon
8486:Falda
8297:Cross
8156:Italy
8092:Italy
8071:index
7885:Rossi
7777:Pacca
7710:Deans
7653:Media
7473:Roche
7425:Grech
7251:Mulla
7230:Rossi
7170:Costa
7163:Poola
7149:Silva
7038:Zuppi
6985:Maeda
6900:Zerbo
6892:Tobin
6885:Ribat
6831:Rocha
6809:Langa
6620:Kutwa
6518:Dolan
6364:Assis
6355:Wuerl
6346:Romeo
6313:Burke
6297:Sarah
6289:Amato
6199:Brady
6182:Ryłko
6014:Scola
5908:Pengo
5856:Maida
5829:Ruini
5738:Tagle
5385:(PDF)
5378:(PDF)
5139:(PDF)
5110:(PDF)
5029:(PDF)
4999:(PDF)
4481:(PDF)
4450:(PDF)
4363:: 37.
4129:Notes
3926:Index
3420:00120
3172:(Oct)
3170:1978
2265:20.3
2230:1374
2222:1371
2214:1361
2206:1348
2198:1338
2190:1327
2182:1316
2174:1312
2166:1304
2158:1303
2134:1288
2126:1277
2118:1276
2110:1264
2102:1261
2094:1244
2086:1241
2078:1227
2070:1216
2062:1198
2054:1145
2046:1130
2038:1124
2030:1119
2022:1118
2014:1099
2006:Year
1740:Pope
1657:cardō
1619:popes
1495:Media
1465:Index
1403:Music
1338:Islam
1314:Deism
1216:Braga
1170:Roman
1152:Rites
1133:Bible
805:Bible
797:Texts
780:Dogma
610:Merit
540:Queen
437:Limbo
194:Peter
167:Jesus
11572:Folk
11220:Monk
10961:List
10939:Pope
10834:Mary
9910:Non-
9862:Rome
9792:Non-
9607:Rome
9428:Rome
9156:List
9135:Pope
8935:Pope
8686:list
8553:List
8451:Mass
8424:List
8348:List
8343:Bull
8312:Rota
8088:Rome
8030:Pope
7998:Rome
7801:Naro
7489:(CC)
7279:Chow
7258:Cano
7025:(CC)
7017:(CC)
6910:(CC)
6870:Piat
6833:(CC)
6792:Mafi
6722:Nhơn
6651:Yeom
6643:Poli
6614:(CC)
6533:Tong
6504:Eijk
6496:Duka
6447:Aviz
6386:Marx
6372:Nycz
6320:Koch
6272:Njue
6245:(CC)
6235:Sarr
6140:(CC)
6096:Rodé
6088:Erdő
5942:Sepe
5754:Sako
5707:(CC)
5535:ISBN
5520:ISBN
5505:ISBN
5479:ISBN
5457:2013
5419:2016
5393:2008
5360:: 8.
5340:2016
5327:ISBN
5260:2018
5232:2019
5192:2017
5179:ISBN
5153:2017
5122:2017
5093:2017
5080:ISBN
5041:2017
5012:2017
4981:2017
4947:2023
4921:2018
4902:2018
4872:2018
4851:2018
4838:ISBN
4807:2018
4776:2018
4748:2018
4735:ISBN
4715:2018
4682:2018
4647:2018
4617:2018
4587:2018
4559:2018
4521:2018
4494:2018
4463:2018
4313:ISBN
3992:and
3398:Flag
3183:2013
3178:2005
3103:Pope
3037:Dean
2512:and
2496:The
2440:and
2378:pope
2361:1903
2351:1914
2341:1922
2331:1939
2321:1958
2311:1963
2281:2005
2271:2013
1906:and
1904:Dean
1884:and
1872:and
1770:The
1747:The
1724:The
1691:Acts
1608:pope
1582:The
1041:Mass
723:Body
442:Hell
199:Paul
149:Mary
105:Pope
11886:Lay
11538:Art
11232:Nun
10954:of
10446:God
9111:law
8953:of
8940:as
8933:of
8086:in
8036:as
7996:of
7584:in
7565:Dri
7480:You
7244:Ryś
7177:Goh
6705:Dew
6156:Zen
6073:Mẫn
5746:Raï
5638:in
5301:AAS
5299:in
4725:.;
4025:see
4017:'s
2707:Law
2436:as
2233:18
2225:30
2217:17
2209:16
2201:16
2193:16
2185:30
2177:16
2169:19
2161:18
2153:21
2145:11
2137:10
2121:10
2113:21
2081:18
2073:26
2065:26
2057:44
2049:44
2041:44
2025:46
2017:18
1987:.
1880:of
1847:'s
1373:Art
354:Son
331:God
12436::
11691:,
11181:,
9426::
8090:,
8073:,
7909:Re
6739:Bo
5661:Re
5494:25
5492:,
5448:.
5358:25
5356:,
5325:.
5323:17
5286:^
5249:.
5208:.
5161:^
5141:.
5112:.
5043:.
5031:.
5001:.
4938:.
4912:.
4906:;
4874:.
4861:.
4855:;
4836:.
4834:66
4828:.
4796:.
4765:.
4706:.
4670:.
4638:.
4605:UP
4576:.
4548:.
4536:^
4483:.
4452:.
4435:."
4395:."
4382:."
4369:^
4327:^
4295:^
4193:,
2946::
2861::
2648:)
2552:on
2425:.
2129:7
2105:8
2097:6
1965:.
1621:,
107::
12140:e
12133:t
12126:v
11686:,
11170::
11059:)
11055:(
10932:)
10928:(
10058:e
10051:t
10044:v
9435:)
9430:,
9422:(
9379:)
9375:(
9262:)
9258:(
9118:)
9114:(
9064:"
9060:"
8909:e
8902:t
8895:v
8766:"
8762:"
8406:"
8402:"
8168:)
8164:(
8158::
8135::
8077:)
8069:(
8022:)
8018:(
7973:e
7966:t
7959:v
7700:e
7693:t
7686:v
5599:e
5592:t
5585:v
5541:.
5526:.
5511:.
5485:.
5459:.
5421:.
5395:.
5342:.
5262:.
5234:.
5194:.
5155:.
5124:.
5095:.
5014:.
4983:.
4949:.
4923:.
4904:.
4853:.
4809:.
4778:.
4750:.
4717:.
4704:"
4700:"
4684:.
4657:.
4649:.
4636:"
4632:"
4619:.
4589:.
4561:.
4531:.
4523:.
4513:"
4509:"
4496:.
4465:.
4361:3
4321:.
3977:e
3970:t
3963:v
3426:)
2760:)
2754:(
2751:)
2745:(
2616:"
1994:)
1990:(
1571:e
1564:t
1557:v
1420:)
1416:(
1316:/
1235::
1162::
128:)
124:(
34:.
20:)
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