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126:, depending on the features provided by the particular sorter and the characteristics of the data to be sorted. A commonly used method on the 082 and earlier sorters was to sort the cards twice on the same column, first on digit rows 1-9, then on the zone rows 12, 11, and 0 (or vice versa, zone rows first then digit rows). Operator switches allow zone-sorting by "switching off" rows 1-9 for the second pass of the card for each column.
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62:. The work flow of many processes required decks of cards to be put into some specific order as determined by the data punched in the cards. The same deck might be sorted differently for different processing steps. A popular family of sorters, the IBM 80 series sorters, sorted input cards into one of 13 pockets depending on the holes punched in a selected column and the sorter's settings.
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Numeric columns have one punch in rows 0-9, possibly a sign overpunch in rows 11-12, and can be sorted in a single pass through the sorter. Alphabetic columns have a zone punch in rows 12, 11, or 0, a digit punch in one of the rows 1-9, and can be sorted by passing some or all of the cards through
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Cards are normally passed through the sorter face down with the bottom edge ("9-edge") first. A small metal brush or optical sensor is positioned so that, as each card goes through the sorter, one column passes under the brush or optical sensor. The holes sensed in that column together with the
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The basic operation of a card sorter is to take a punched card, examine a single column, and place the card into a selected pocket. There are twelve rows on a punched card, and thirteen pockets in the sorter; one pocket is for blanks, rejects, and errors.
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Replica of
Hollerith tabulating machine with sorting box, circa 1890. The "sorting box" was an adjunct to, and controlled by, the tabulator. The "sorter", an independent machine, was a later development.
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Multiple column sorting was commonly done by first sorting the least significant column, then proceeding, column by column, to the most significant column. This is called a least significant digit
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settings of the sorter controls determine which pocket the card is to be directed to. This directing is done by slipping the card into a stack of metal strips (or
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as many as six punches per column). The 083 and 084 sorters recognized these multiple digit or multiple zone punches, sorting them to the error pocket.
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vertical sorter and used an entirely new magnetically operated horizontal design. At the close of 1943, IBM had 10,200 of these units on rental.
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The Type 71 Vertical Sorter came out in 1928. It had 12 pockets that could hold 80 cards. It could sort 150 cards per minute.
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cards. The punched cards and brushes in these modern sorters have been replaced with image sensors (cameras) and
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technology, but their form and operation remain essentially identical to that of their historical predecessors.
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In 1908, he designed the more compact
Hollerith 070 Vertical Sorting Machine that sorted 250 cards per minute.
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168:'s company developed the 1901 Hollerith Automatic Horizontal Sorter, a sorter with horizontal pockets.
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Sorting was a major activity in most facilities that processed data on punched cards using
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in 1925, 450 cards per minute. This sorter was almost twice the speed of the older
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Informational film from 1968 showing various operations on an IBM 082 Card Sorter.
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Operation of the sorter's chute blades is described and illustrated on pages 86-87
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Bashe, Charles J.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H.; Pugh, Emerson W. (1986).
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In August 1957, a basic 082 rented for $ 55 per month; an 083 for twice that. (
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Practical
Applications of the Punched Card Method in Colleges and Universities
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IBM card sorter at the Red Cross in Geneva, 1946; model 80, or possibly an 81
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the sorter twice on that column. For more details of punched card codes see
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256:) By 1969, only the 82, 83 & 84 were made available for rental by IBM.
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Sorting cards became an issue during the 1900 agricultural census, so
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Which are sometimes named with a leading zero: IBM 080, 081, etc.
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510:"Card Sorting Machines – a Technology Older than the Automobile"
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Herman
Hollerith: Forgotten Giant of Information Processing
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The
Computer Collector: IBM Sorters (Models 75,80,82,83)
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Columbia
University Computing History: IBM Card Sorters
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Punched card#IBM 80-column format and character codes
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Appears to be pages from the 1955 IBM Sales Manual.
329:. Columbia University Press. pp. 41, 178–179.
597:YouTube video of IBM 083 Card Sorter in operation.
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311:Mathematical Machines Volume 1: Digital Computers
180:The Type 75, Model 2, 19??, 250 cards per minute
177:The Type 75, Model 1, 19??, 400 cards per minute
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575:. Has descriptions, photos and rental prices.
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268:introduced a card sorting machine to process
495:Fundamentals of Punched Card Data Processing
209:IBM 80 Electric Punched Card Sorting Machine
204:Card Sorters in the IBM 80 series included:
553:IBM Reference Manual: 82, 83,and 84 Sorters
410:IBM Archives: Hollerith 070 Vertical Sorter
223:IBM 80, model 2, 192?, 250 cards per minute
161:Original census sorting box, 1890, manual.
385:1901 Hollerith Automatic Horizontal Sorter
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421:IBM Archives: IBM Type 71 Vertical Sorter
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74:Reader brush on an IBM 83 card sorter
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122:There were several methods used for
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497:. Wm. C. Brown Company. p. 29.
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248:, 1959. Sorted cards at 2000/minute
242:, 1955. Sorted cards at 1000/minute
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236:, 1949. Sorted cards at 650/minute
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434:"IBM Archives: Italy chronology"
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325:Austrian, Geoffrey D. (1982).
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508:Gordon, Graeme (2021-04-10).
540:. Columbia University Press.
313:. Columbia University Press.
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309:Murray, Francis J. (1961).
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536:Baehne, George W. (1935).
617:IBM unit record equipment
545:IBM Archives: IBM Type 80
211:, model 1, Introduced by
564:IBM (August 20, 1957).
137:were added to the card
493:Carl Feingold (1969).
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567:IBM Equipment Summary
457:IBM's Early Computers
286:Unit record equipment
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184:IBM 80 series Sorters
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60:unit record equipment
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297:Notes and references
264:In the early 2020s,
124:alphabetical sorting
260:Modern card sorters
45:punched card sorter
39:IBM 082 Card Sorter
31:IBM 080 Card Sorter
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95:Sorting operations
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550:IBM (July 1962).
368:"IBM Card Sorter"
270:trading card game
135:punctuation marks
47:is a machine for
16:(Redirected from
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66:Basic operation
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291:Bucket sort
230:, ????
18:Card sorter
519:2024-01-03
131:characters
109:radix sort
51:decks of
611:Category
280:See also
254:IBM 1957
81:IBM 1962
200:IBM 080
49:sorting
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143:EBCDIC
571:(PDF)
557:(PDF)
467:ISBN
331:ISBN
139:code
133:and
439:IBM
213:IBM
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