31:
559:
Millions of copies found their way around the world and became a fondly remembered part of the war experience for many veterans. After the war, groups in
Oklahoma and Indiana conducted broad campaigns to distribute the picture across private and public spheres. A Lutheran organizer of the effort in Indiana said that there ought to be "card-carrying Christians" to counter the effect of "card-carrying Communists." Copies of Sallman's "Head of Christ" were placed in public libraries, schools, police departments, community centers, and even in courtrooms. One photograph from 1962 shows Vice President Lyndon Johnson posing reverently beside a copy of the picture sent to him in Washington.
151:
73:
630:
The Cold War united
Protestants and Catholics as comrades against atheistic Communism, and the children of immigrants who had once been deemed nonwhite were not becoming emblems of America and its faith. The election of John F. Kennedy in 1960, who convinced voters that his American identity, not his
587:
The message in all such accounts was that Christ, visualized by
Sallman, was the key to overcoming otherness. Jesus was everyone's friend and Lord, at work throughout the world, ultimately recognized by all. This was an important message in the context of international contention following World War
558:
The World War II context was equally important for the dissemination and popular reception of
Sallman's chief image, "The Head of Christ." The Salvation Army and the YMCA, both members of the USO, handed out pocket-sized versions of the picture to American soldiers leaving for Europe and Asia.
524:
During the postwar revival of the 1940s and 1950s, as
Protestants and Catholics downplayed denominational differences in order to present a united front against the menace of godless Communism, Sallman's Jesus became far and away the most common image of Jesus in American homes, churches, and
126:, an allegation that was widely reported by American newspapers. This figure was different from the 205 "bad risks" figure, confusing reporters. The "fifty-seven card-carrying Communists" phrase first appears in a radio interview that McCarthy gave in
631:
Catholicism, would shape his political decisions, was another watershed moment of that religious rapprochement. By the 1990s, Sallman's Head of Christ had been printed more than 500 million times and had achieved global iconic status.
592:
served as the principal icon in the conservative political propaganda from evangelical quarters. Carl H. Duing, an
Indiana businessman, pitted what he called card-carrying Christians against "card-carrying
162:
Early in the Cold War, there were
Communist Party members who kept membership cards, although many also hid their membership. Possibly the earliest mention of the phrase comes from a 1912 article in the
381:
30:
84:
The term "card-carrying" originally had no political connotation, and was used to describe membership in any organisation. For example, Anabaptist
Christians of the
649:
525:
workplaces. Thanks to
Sallman (and the savvy marketing of his distributors), Jesus became instantly recognizable by Americans of all races and religions.
115:. In the context of politics, the term remains derogatory. After the 1950s, the scope of the word expanded and is used for non-political applications.
654:
216:, promoting the idea that "there ought to be 'card-carrying Christians' to counter the effect of 'card-carrying communists'." Up until the
142:." A card-carrying communist was considered a genuine member of the party, while a fellow traveler only sympathised with the ideology.
17:
108:
485:
451:
417:
353:
321:
285:
34:
616:
580:
517:
123:
77:
93:
176:
169:, which mentioned "'Union-card' carrying members". A closer reference to the modern term was a 1918 piece in the
155:
314:
Slinging Mud: Rude
Nicknames, Scurrilous Slogans, and Insulting Slang from Two Centuries of American Politics
217:
224:"had been printed more than 500 million times and had achieved global iconic status." However, the use of
659:
150:
135:
89:
606:
538:
407:
309:
273:
475:
441:
131:
85:
8:
203:
183:
57:
546:
208:
612:
576:
513:
481:
447:
413:
349:
317:
281:
138:. McCarthy made a distinction between "card-carrying communists" and what he called "
171:
139:
100:
49:
228:
by Christians (including Sunday School cards by Protestants) predates communism.
119:
112:
104:
213:
127:
643:
45:
165:
122:
claimed there were fifty-seven "card-carrying communists" working for the
247:
195:
61:
242:
225:
53:
199:
179:, a prominent socialist union, as "red-card-carrying 'wobblies'".
72:
206:, worked together to popularize wallet-sized or pocket images of
182:
Because of the advent of digital technology, the contemporary
237:
310:"Card-Carrying Commies, Commiesymps, and Reds Under the Bed"
510:
American Jesus: How the Son of God Became a National Icon
145:
443:
The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate
27:
Derogatory term for members of left-wing organizations
278:
Quoth the Maven: More on Language from William Safire
412:. University of California Press. pp. 128–129.
605:Blum, Edward J.; Harvey, Paul (21 September 2012).
80:
had been infiltrated by "card-carrying communists."
103:, the term was used as a label for members of the
405:
382:"Do Card-Carrying Communists Really Carry Cards?"
641:
307:
473:
446:. Univ of Massachusetts Press. pp. 53–54.
439:
598:
271:
267:
265:
263:
501:
480:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 20–21.
433:
56:and far-left organisations, especially the
650:Political terminology of the United States
604:
564:
512:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 117.
107:, and was used in this manner by both the
467:
399:
343:
301:
260:
76:Senator Joseph McCarthy alleged that the
507:
149:
130:, and is the phrase that appears in the
71:
67:
29:
379:
375:
373:
371:
369:
367:
365:
14:
642:
575:. Yale University Press. p. 192.
570:
536:
508:Prothero, Stephen (15 December 2003).
348:. Brethren Encyclopedia. p. 204.
109:House Un-American Activities Committee
308:Rosemarie Ostler (6 September 2011).
158:, a left-wing internationalist union.
146:History of communist membership cards
362:
58:Communist Party of the United States
655:Anti-communism in the United States
474:Edwin R. Bayley (22 October 1981).
406:Richard H. Rovere (12 April 1996).
380:Wickman, Forrest (2 October 2012).
64:when used in its Cold War context.
35:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
24:
272:William Safire (9 November 2011).
25:
671:
186:does not issue membership cards.
175:, which described members of the
124:United States Department of State
78:United States Department of State
611:. UNC Press Books. p. 211.
177:Industrial Workers of the World
156:Industrial Workers of the World
60:. The term is still considered
588:II. The pocket version of the
530:
337:
96:on their person since 1887.
13:
1:
537:Morgan, David (1 July 2006).
344:Durnbaugh, Donald F. (1983).
280:. Random House Digital, Inc.
253:
86:Schwarzenau Brethren Churches
44:is a term popularised in the
539:"The Face That's Everywhere"
218:collapse of the Soviet Union
7:
231:
189:
111:investigations and Senator
10:
676:
477:Joe McCarthy and the Press
52:as a label for members of
573:The Art of Warner Sallman
346:The Brethren Encyclopedia
154:A membership card of the
134:on the speech he gave at
42:"Card-carrying communist"
440:Robert Griffith (1987).
204:political conservatives
202:Christians, as well as
90:Dunkard Brethren Church
18:Card-carrying Communist
571:Morgan, David (1996).
159:
81:
38:
153:
75:
68:History of the phrase
37:membership card, 1989
33:
409:Senator Joe McCarthy
132:Congressional Record
184:Communist Party USA
94:The Brethren's Card
547:Christianity Today
220:in the 1990s, the
209:The Head of Christ
160:
82:
39:
543:Christian History
487:978-0-299-08624-4
453:978-0-87023-555-9
419:978-0-520-20472-0
355:978-0-318-00487-7
323:978-1-101-54413-6
287:978-0-307-79974-6
16:(Redirected from
667:
634:
633:
627:
625:
602:
596:
595:
568:
562:
561:
555:
553:
534:
528:
527:
505:
499:
498:
496:
494:
471:
465:
464:
462:
460:
437:
431:
430:
428:
426:
403:
397:
396:
394:
392:
377:
360:
359:
341:
335:
334:
332:
330:
305:
299:
298:
296:
294:
274:"Drop that Card"
269:
172:New York Tribune
140:fellow travelers
101:Second Red Scare
50:Second Red Scare
21:
675:
674:
670:
669:
668:
666:
665:
664:
660:Joseph McCarthy
640:
639:
638:
637:
623:
621:
619:
608:Color of Christ
603:
599:
583:
569:
565:
551:
549:
535:
531:
520:
506:
502:
492:
490:
488:
472:
468:
458:
456:
454:
438:
434:
424:
422:
420:
404:
400:
390:
388:
378:
363:
356:
342:
338:
328:
326:
324:
306:
302:
292:
290:
288:
270:
261:
256:
234:
192:
148:
120:Joseph McCarthy
113:Joseph McCarthy
105:Communist Party
92:, have carried
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
673:
663:
662:
657:
652:
636:
635:
617:
597:
590:Head of Christ
581:
563:
529:
518:
500:
486:
466:
452:
432:
418:
398:
361:
354:
336:
322:
300:
286:
258:
257:
255:
252:
251:
250:
245:
240:
233:
230:
222:Head of Christ
214:Warner Sallman
191:
188:
147:
144:
128:Salt Lake City
88:, such as the
69:
66:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
672:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
645:
632:
620:
618:9780807837375
614:
610:
609:
601:
594:
591:
584:
582:9780300063424
578:
574:
567:
560:
548:
544:
540:
533:
526:
521:
519:9780374178901
515:
511:
504:
489:
483:
479:
478:
470:
455:
449:
445:
444:
436:
421:
415:
411:
410:
402:
387:
383:
376:
374:
372:
370:
368:
366:
357:
351:
347:
340:
325:
319:
315:
311:
304:
289:
283:
279:
275:
268:
266:
264:
259:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
235:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
197:
187:
185:
180:
178:
174:
173:
168:
167:
157:
152:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
79:
74:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:United States
43:
36:
32:
19:
629:
622:. Retrieved
607:
600:
593:Communists."
589:
586:
572:
566:
557:
550:. Retrieved
542:
532:
523:
509:
503:
491:. Retrieved
476:
469:
457:. Retrieved
442:
435:
423:. Retrieved
408:
401:
389:. Retrieved
385:
345:
339:
327:. Retrieved
313:
303:
291:. Retrieved
277:
221:
207:
193:
181:
170:
166:Daily People
164:
161:
117:
98:
83:
41:
40:
316:. Penguin.
248:McCarthyism
99:During the
48:during the
644:Categories
254:References
226:holy cards
196:Protestant
62:derogatory
493:3 October
459:3 October
425:3 October
391:3 October
329:3 October
293:3 October
243:Red Scare
54:communist
624:30 April
232:See also
200:Catholic
190:Response
136:Wheeling
118:Senator
615:
579:
516:
484:
450:
416:
352:
320:
284:
552:1 May
386:Slate
238:Pinko
194:Many
626:2014
613:ISBN
577:ISBN
554:2014
514:ISBN
495:2012
482:ISBN
461:2012
448:ISBN
427:2012
414:ISBN
393:2012
350:ISBN
331:2012
318:ISBN
295:2012
282:ISBN
198:and
212:by
646::
628:.
585:.
556:.
545:.
541:.
522:.
384:.
364:^
312:.
276:.
262:^
497:.
463:.
429:.
395:.
358:.
333:.
297:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
