781:, led the planning for the seizure of Shusha. All military factors favored the Azerbaijan army. The Azerbaijanis held advantage in terms of both quantity and the quality of military equipment; they held a numerical superiority and the high ground. The strategic heights commanded by Shusha meant the town could be more easily defended. Dalibaltayan, therefore, ruled out a direct frontal assault. Furthermore, according to military conventions and practices, for the operation to be successful, the attacking party should outnumber the defenders by at least a 3:1 ratio (even more when attacking an above-elevation target), while the NKR detachments simply did not have such manpower at the time. Instead, in conjunction with Ter-Tadevosyan (known among his troops as Komandos), who was tasked to lead the assault, they devised a strategy of launching several diversionary attacks against the adjacent villages to draw out the town's defenders. In the meantime, their forces would encircle and cut off the town from further reinforcements.
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997:. Charged for failing to defend the cities of Shusha on 9th and later Lachin on 18th, he was forced to step down. Many Azerbaijanis greeted the news of the town's capture with disbelief: the town had been the birthplace for Azerbaijani composers, poets and musicians and many were convinced it had been betrayed or sold for political purposes. In a television interview in 2000, Basayev dismissed these theories and contended that the town's defenders had simply abandoned their positions.
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prepare the ground for a future attack on
Stepanakert. The operation failed amid strenuous resistance put up by villagers and the Armenian fighters. Mekhtiev was ambushed and up to seventy Azerbaijani soldiers died. After this debacle, Mekhtiev left Shusha and was fired as defence minister. The Armenians to date celebrate the self-defence of Karintak as one of their early and most decisive victories.
989:, Iran to sign a cease-fire agreement. News of the Armenian offensive led Mamedov to accuse Armenia of failing to honor the cease-fire. Ter-Petrosyan, however, contested that he was unable to control what the Armenians in Karabakh were planning. The loss of Shusha later led to mass demonstrations in Azerbaijan's capital of
913:) would attack from different directions, and the fifth (under command of Yura Ovanisyan) would remain as reserve in case any of the groups needed immediate reinforcement. The main contingent of the attacking force was primarily infantry, but was complemented by at least four tanks and two attack helicopters.
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they found that the
Azerbaijanis had converted it into a storage depot for BM-21 rockets. Overwhelmed by the attacking force, Orujev ordered his forces to retreat and abandon the citadel. Casualty counts were estimated to have been over a hundred on both sides. After capture of the town, the city was
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headquarters and largest city with a population of 70,000, the fighting and shelling had driven away nearly 20,000 of
Stepanakert's residents and forced the remainder to live underground in basements. By one tally recorded in early April, a total of 157 rockets had landed on the city in a single day.
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Simultaneously, Turkey was engaged in overt intimidation of
Armenia. On the international stage it lobbied various organizations and promoted a pro-Azerbaijani bent of mediation and conflict resolution efforts. Turkish diplomats organized "Turkic Summits" for Turkic nations that included Azerbaijan,
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The plan was put together in March–April 1992, after intelligence on the location, positions and the number of the rival forces had been collected. L. Martirosov had a mock-up of Shusha area made, enabling the commanders to outline their actions and directions. The plan was developed in top secrecy.
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The advanced weaponry of tanks, armored fighting vehicles, fighter jets and helicopter gunships deployed by both sides marked the moment of all-out war. Large-scale population movements began as well, with most of the
Armenians living in Azerbaijan fleeing to Armenia and the Azerbaijanis in Armenia
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Aside from shelling the city, the
Azerbaijani military also launched aerial sorties and staged several ground attacks on the outskirts of Stepanakert. While these were beaten by the city's defenders, Stepanakert's leaders believed that military action had to be taken to relieve it finally from the
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Prior to the assault, Ter-Tadevosyan's forces opened up with an artillery bombardment from several directions, softening up the town's defenses. Since late
February, the Azerbaijani military had been reinforcing Shusha and ammunition, and had been shuttling in helicopters to evacuate the town's
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On 26 January 1992 Azerbaijani forces stationed in Shusha encircled and attacked the nearby
Armenian village of Karintak (located on the way from Shusha to Stepanakert) attempting to capture it. This operation was conducted by Azerbaijan's then defence minister Tajedin Mekhtiev and was meant to
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Orujev's forces managed to fend off the first
Armenians who scaled the town's cliffs. By mid-day, the fighting in Shusha escalated into a full-scale engagement, as both sides were involved in fierce combat amid Shusha's battered streets and communications tower. A famous tank battle took place
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Because of international pressure, Turkey was ostensibly restricted to providing economic support to
Azerbaijan. Nonetheless, the Turkish army and intelligence services launched undercover operations to supply Azerbaijan with arms and military personnel. According to Turkish sources, over 350
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Indeed, Chechen fighters did aid Azerbaijani forces in their fight against Armenians. Most notably, Shamil Bassaev and Salman Raduev, the notorious rebel Chechen field commanders and warlords, alongside their troops, were involved in the battle of Shusha in 1992, which ended with Armenian
714:, lacked a precision guided missile system. Dubbed the "flying telephone poles" due to their long, shaped charges, the rockets caused devastating damage to buildings over the course of the siege, hitting residential houses, schools, the city's silk factory, and maternity hospital.
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The commanders of the battle give conflicting data: in an interview, Ter-Tadevosyan stated that his forces lost 58 men in contrast to the Azerbaijanis' 200, while Orujev claims that the Armenian casualty count was much higher and estimates his own losses at 159 dead and 22
699:(just 5 km away), from an elevation of 600m. An old fortress with high walls, the town is five kilometers (four miles) to the south of Stepanakert and perched on a mountaintop with limited vehicular access. From a geographical standpoint Shusha was well-suited for the
665:. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the Armenians and Azerbaijanis vied to take control of Karabakh with full-scale battles in the winter of 1992. By then, the enclave had declared its independence and set up an unrecognized, though self-functioning, government.
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The capture of the town proved decisive. Shusha was the most important military stronghold that Azerbaijan held in Nagorno-Karabakh – its loss marked a turning point in the war, and led to a series of military victories by Armenian forces in the course of the conflict.
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In the twilight hours of 8 May, Ter-Tadevosyan directed his forces to assail Shusha from different directions and attack it from the flanks and its rear, avoding the ridge facing Stepanakert (the town's most easily defendable location). The force was divided into five
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high-ranking officers and thousands of volunteers from Turkey participated in the warfare on the Azerbaijani side. Western authors reported several major shipments of weapons from Turkey, including bringing an arsenal of Soviet-made arms from the former
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civilian population. The attack was to start on 4 May, but for a number of reasons (lack of ammunition, adverse weather conditions, etc.) it was delayed. On 8 May, Armenian forces had amassed a force of nearly 1,000 fighters to begin the assault.
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Altogether, over 2,000 civilians were killed and thousands more injured in the bombardment in 1992. The city's infrastructure was pulverized with the destruction of sewage networks, water pipes, gas and electricity. In an article that appeared in
974:. Despite earlier claims made by Azerbaijan's defense ministry to having taken back Shusha, the counterattacks. On the Armenian defended front in Martuni, Armenian forces also turned back an Azerbaijani assault, inflicting heavy losses.
1025:, warned that any Turkish incursion would lead to "the verge of a third world war, and that cannot be allowed." The Armenian victory in Shusha had many Turkish officials accusing Armenia of seeking to invade next the Azerbaijani
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After the war ended, Avsharyan's T-72 tank was recovered and repaired and was installed as a monument in Shusha. 9 May is now celebrated in Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic as "The Day of the NKR's Defence Army" and
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On 9 May 2007, Armenia and the NKR celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of the town's capture. The festivities included a military parade in Renaissance Square in Stepanakert and a cross-country marathon organized by the
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said that he was under intense public pressure to send military help to Azerbaijan. Demirel, however, did not heed their calls amid heightening tension with Russia. In May 1992, the commander of the CIS forces in the
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1347:Շուշիի ազատագրման մարտերում հայկական կողմն ունեցավ 47 զոհ, հակառակորդը` 150–200 սպանված, շուրջ 300 վիրավոր, 13 գերի: Ադրբեջանական բանակը Շուշիում թողել էր հրետանային 6 կայանք, մի քանի հազար հրթիռ ու արկ:
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d) The enemy has concentrated its main forces in Kesalar, Lisagor, Zarslu, in the environs of Shushi, and encircled the whole city. The way to defeat the enemy is to seize High Point N and take position
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Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to convince the leaders of the Central Asian countries to sever economic ties with Armenia and condemn its military involvement in Nagorno Karabakh.
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The capture of Shusha saw an influx of Armenians from Stepanakert and elsewhere in Karabakh moving to the town. Several days after the assault, Armenian forces launched an attack in the region of
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Spirit and Faith "Nagorno-Karabakh War" – Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan, Arkady Karapetyan and Jirayr Sefilian narrates the preparations for the battle and the details of the operation
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connecting the enclave to Armenia proper. The assault prompted two attacks by Azerbaijan's military. One attempted to retake Shusha on 11 May and the other, farther south, in
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By early 1992 the bombing intensified. In a course of a week 1,000 shells (800 of which were reactive) fell on the city. On 23 February, ten servicemen in the
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1064:," respectively. A commendation medal was also awarded by the government to those Armenians who participated in the battle. On 22 September 2023, after the
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by Armenians in February 1992. With the loss of Khojaly, Azerbaijani commanders concentrated the rest of their efforts on Stepanakert, overlooked by Shusha.
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Entrenched in Shusha was the Azerbaijani commander Elbrus Orujev, who commanded a force of several hundred men and tanks. Orujev's men were bolstered by a
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1096:. Attendants of it included veterans of the battle and the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and veterans from the Second World War since 9 May also marks
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According to the claims of former Azerbaijani residents, some of the shelling was either indiscriminate or intentionally aimed at civilian targets.
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looted and burnt by aggrieved Armenian civilians from nearby Stepanakert, who had endured months of bombing and shelling from Azerbaijani forces.
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from Azerbaijan and re-unify with Armenia, the conflict erupted into a larger scale ethnic feud between Armenians and Azerbaijanis living in the
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When Armenian forces took Shushi in May 1992, they established a land corridor across undisputed Azerbaijani land, taking the town of Lachin...
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1081:'s youth wing that began from Armenia and ended in Shusha during the run up to 9 May. During the processions, then president of the NKR
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on the evening of 8 May 1992, and fighting swiftly concluded the next day after Armenian forces captured it and drove out the defending
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to Azerbaijan. The battle was preceded by the controversial capture of the town and site of Nagorno-Karabakh's only airport in
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The city was for a time one of the central items involved in the negotiating process in peace talks held from 1994 to 2020.
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After the regrouping of forces, advance on to Lisagor and Zarslu and to immediately start the attack in four directions:
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Amirbayov, Elchin (December 2001). "Shusha's Pivotal Role in a Nagorno-Karabagh Settlement". In Shaffer, Brenda (ed.).
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To defeat the enemy from the Stepanakert side and Shusha's three sides, then to destroy the enemy and liberate Shushi.
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from Shusha for half a year had led to hundreds of Armenian civilian casualties and mass destruction in Stepanakert.
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1622:'Tis Some Poor Fellow's Skull: Post-Soviet Warfare in the Southern Caucasus. by Patrick Wilson Gore, iUniverse 2008
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continuous bombardment. On April 27, the military leaders' plans were approved to move in and capture Shusha.
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The plan of attack was signed off on 4 May 1992. In its final form, it defined its objects accordingly:
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On 28 April the main directions of the operation, the commanders, the resources at hand were finalized.
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The road to leading to Shusha where the encounter between Avsharyan's and Agarunov's tanks took place.
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Implementation of the Helsinki Accords: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation
1441:[Shusha is the citadel of Karabakh: why is it important for Azerbaijanis and Armenians].
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b) Defeat the enemy at Shusha approaches, to seize Shushi and to free the city from the Greens
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Azerbaijan Diary: A Rogue Reporter's Adventures in an Oil-Rich, War-Torn, Post-Soviet Republic
1823:, a Baku Jew, was killed several days later and was eventually hailed as a hero in Azerbaijan.
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in April 1992, it was noted that "scarcely a single building escaped damage in Stepanakert."
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In May, when Shushi had been captured and the siege lifted, Stepanakert was a shattered town.
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1605:“Нам сказали, что азербайджанцы придут и перебьют нас. А мы им ответили: “Пусть придут”
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Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia
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By 9 May the Armenian forces were firmly in control of Shusha. At the battle-scarred
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c) Further advance to Berdadzor and free the Berdadzor district from the Greens;
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Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh
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1478:"BCSIA - Publication - Shusha's Pivotal Role in a Nagorno-Karabagh Settlement"
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1699:. Centre de Recherhes sur la Diaspora Arménienne. Retrieved 26 December 2006.
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1999:"Tank monument at Azerbaijan's Shusha entrance dismantled [VIDEOS]"
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611:. The battle took place in the strategically important mountain town of
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1578:. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. US GPO, 1993 p. 81.
1439:"Шуша – цитадель Карабаха: почему она важна для азербайджанцев и армян"
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619:. Armenian military commanders based in Nagorno-Karabakh's capital of
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UN Peacekeeping, American Politics, and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s
1413:"Şuşanın işğalı ilə bağlı beynəlxalq təşkilatlara bəyanat ünvanlanıb"
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Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis
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General Dalibaltayan describes the liberation of Shushi on YouTube
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The seizure of the town prompted loud complaints from neighboring
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Contemporary Russo–Turkish Relations: From Crisis to Cooperation
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This article is about the 1992 battle. For the 2020 battle, see
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1474:. Cambridge, MA: Caspian Studies Program, Harvard University.
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My Brother's Road: An American's Fateful Journey to Armenia
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Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War
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The Making of Nagorno-Karabagh: From Secession to Republic
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Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War
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a) Direction of Shosh (eastern), commander – A. Karapetyan
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b) Direction of "26" (northern), commander – V. Chitchyan
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Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
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CRDA – VIII – Karabagh: Situations militaro-diplomatique
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On the day of the Armenian victory, Armenian president
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Aslanyan, Hasmik; Melikbekyan, Gegham (May 8, 2012).
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inaugurated the naming of a square in the capital of
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Battle in 1992, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War
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Medal awarded to Armenian participants of the battle
1594:. New York: New York University Press, pp. 177–178.
1252:. New York: New York University Press. p. 175.
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In Shushi elevations with a human resource of 1,200,
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Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh
1952:. 21 May 1992. p. A18. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
1838:"Shusha Armenians Recall Their Bittersweet Victory"
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657:population. Following its government's decision to
2021:Karabakh Leader Demands ‘Final Say’ In Peace Talks
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876:d) Kesalar direction (north-eastern), commander –
1314:." An interview with General Gurgen Dalibaltayan.
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1358:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
623:had been contemplating capturing the town after
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649:for over sixty years within the borders of the
645:In February 1988, Nagorno-Karabakh had been an
2050:Masis.tv – Liberation of Shoushi (documentary)
1977:Nagorno-Karabakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1345:. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017.
920:volunteer contingent led by guerrilla warlord
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1447:(in Russian). 7 November 2020. Archived from
883:Commander of reserve troops – Y. Hovhannisyan
797:1. The enemy holds the surrounding positions
691:Shusha sits on a mountaintop overlooking the
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1746:. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016.
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1334:Շուշիի ազատագրումը կամ "Հարսանիքը լեռներում"
870:c) Lachin direction /southern), commander –
730:366th Motorized Rifle Regiment (part of the
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1960:
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1806:. p. 29. Retrieved 11 September 2006.
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2581:Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas
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1092:'s first deputy commander, Major General
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2122:Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia
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1555:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 444
1535:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, p. 141
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1174:«Հարսանիք լեռներում» ռազմագործողություն
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14:
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3273:2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping
2496:Allegations of third-party involvement
2445:July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
2390:September 2009 Agdam military incident
2357:1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown
1979:Holidays and Memorable Days of the NKR
1196:
981:and then acting Azerbaijani president
3445:1992 in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
2161:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan
2063:
1842:Institute for War and Peace Reporting
1731:
1631:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
390:
2643:Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
2387:January 2009 Agdam military incident
2117:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
2029:. 9 May 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
1654:
1581:
946:
2272:Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli
2267:1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
2249:1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
1848:from the original on 5 October 2015
1634:"Trying to Tell a Truce From a War"
993:against newly reinstated president
701:Azerbaijani shelling of Stepanakert
625:Azerbaijani shelling of Stepanakert
24:
1907:. New York: M.E. Sharpe, p. 185. .
1866:Rachel Denber, Robert K. Goldman,
1796:Dahlburg, John Thor (9 May 1992).
1377:Нагорный Карабах: факты против лжи
1317:
1166:Operation Wedding in the Mountains
784:
25:
3466:
2437:2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
2414:2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
2409:2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
2219:Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988)
2035:
1079:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1048:
3203:
3181:
3155:
3142:
3090:
3043:
2996:
2960:
2934:
2921:
2862:
2810:
2773:
2305:Mardakert and Martuni Offensives
1966:Turkey and the Karabakh Conflict
1798:"Armenians Attack Karabakh City"
1717:. New York: I.B. Tauris, p. 205.
1312:The Battle and Capture of Shusha
895:
326:
315:
304:
293:
282:
270:
259:
248:
237:
226:
215:
195:
183:
170:
158:
85:
2426:2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2127:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
2013:
1991:
1971:
1936:
1923:
1910:
1897:
1860:
1826:
1809:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1720:
1702:
1679:
1625:
1616:
1597:
1565:
1551:Durch, William J (ed.) (1996).
1545:
1522:
1496:
1411:Rafiqoğlu, Aqşin (6 May 2010).
1143:
3337:NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration
2648:Berkadzor fuel depot explosion
2422:2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2233:1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing
2210:Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms
1676:. Retrieved 10 September 2006.
1632:Wines, Michael (27 May 2001).
1366:
1301:
1269:
1236:
760:
435:Civilian clashes and massacres
381:~15,000 Azerbaijanis displaced
13:
1:
2713:Armenian-occupied territories
2394:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
2001:. Azernews. 22 September 2023
1176:) and by Azerbaijanis as the
1136:
1090:Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army
1088:The parade was headed by the
755:
695:'s highly populated capital,
634:
3332:Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration
3189:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
2628:Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh
2319:1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état
2166:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
1944:Turkey warned of 'world war'
1933:. London: Routledge, p. 170.
1276:Altstadt, Audrey L. (2015).
1149:Referred to by Armenians as
966:and opened up a 8-kilometer
7:
2586:2020–2021 Armenian protests
2553:Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
1504:"Shusha: 20 years of peace"
1375:Melik-Shahnazarov, Arsen. "
1114:
1103:In Armenia, prime minister
599:
91:Gagik Avsharyan's restored
10:
3471:
3455:Military history of Shusha
2633:2023 Azerbaijani offensive
2591:Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher
2563:Treatment of Armenian POWs
1208:Askerov, Ali, ed. (2018).
1121:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
1052:
684:
638:
609:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
421:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
79:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
29:
3319:
3226:
2988:
2765:
2658:
2601:September 2022 escalation
2573:
2470:
2375:
2174:
2097:
2091:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
1984:22 September 2006 at the
1756:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1173:
1158:
1012:. Turkish Prime Minister
732:23rd Motor Rifle Division
653:, though with a majority
641:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
594:
430:
380:
363:
338:
208:
151:
99:
84:
76:
72:Battle of Shusha (Shushi)
71:
3311:2023 ceasefire agreement
3269:2020 ceasefire agreement
3249:Zheleznovodsk Communiqué
2520:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral
2362:1994 Bagratashen bombing
2352:1994 Baku Metro bombings
1695:13 February 2007 at the
1590:De Waal, Thomas (2003).
1343:Yerevan State University
1333:
1126:Armenian volunteer units
937:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral
847:(codename for the enemy)
708:multiple rocket launcher
3450:May 1992 events in Asia
3320:International documents
3297:EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023
2491:International reactions
2441:2019 clash near Chinari
2205:Zvartnots Airport clash
2156:Azerbaijanis in Armenia
2144:Armenians in Azerbaijan
1610:8 February 2017 at the
1603:Novoye Vremya 10.10.15
1131:Battle of Shusha (2020)
826:a) Defeat the enemy in
818:In Kesalar – about 300.
32:Battle of Shusha (2020)
3372:UNGA Resolution 62/243
3367:UNGA Resolution 60/285
3362:UNGA Resolution 48/114
2623:2022 Armenian protests
2455:Protests in Azerbaijan
2399:2010 Mardakert clashes
2383:2008 Mardakert clashes
2367:Refugees in Azerbaijan
2334:1993 Summer Offensives
1929:Bertsch, Gary (1999).
1903:Goltz, Thomas (1998).
1572:United States Congress
1185:
889:
770:
209:Commanders and leaders
3327:Astrakhan Declaration
3302:EUMA Feb 2023–present
3066:Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan
3019:Norat Ter-Grigoryants
2574:Post-ceasefire events
2296:Capture of Artsvashen
2277:Capture of Garadaghly
1668:"Carnage in Karabakh"
1472:Policy Brief Number 6
1280:. Routledge. p.
1072:Fifteenth anniversary
1062:Shushi Liberation Day
1055:Shushi Liberation Day
795:
779:Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan
768:
639:Further information:
364:Casualties and losses
222:Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan
3357:PACE Resolution 2085
3352:PACE Resolution 1416
3347:OIC Resolution 10/37
3342:OIC Resolution 10/11
2978:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2506:Aras Valley campaign
2418:2016 Odundağ clashes
2338:Operation Geghamasar
2259:Siege of Stepanakert
1178:Occupation of Shusha
1151:Liberation of Shushi
1023:Yevgeny Shaposhnikov
1004:Turkey's involvement
687:Siege of Stepanakert
484:Gushchular−Malibeyli
359:BM-21 Grad artillery
141:with Armenia secured
133:Siege of Stepanakert
3292:EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022
3216:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
3051:Republic of Artsakh
3014:Gurgen Dalibaltayan
2853:Samvel Shahramanyan
2818:Republic of Artsakh
2786:Levon Ter-Petrosyan
2638:Protests in Armenia
2430:Shelling of Alxanlı
2309:Operation Həsənqaya
1484:on 1 September 2006
1444:BBC Russian Service
979:Levon Ter-Petrosyan
822:2. Our task is to:
775:Gurgen Dalibaltayan
255:Gurgen Dalibaltayan
55:39.7583°N 46.7483°E
51: /
3430:1992 in Azerbaijan
3162:Viktor Polyanichko
2848:Arayik Harutyunyan
2701:Shahumyan Province
2691:Martakert Province
2686:Kashatagh Province
2347:Operation Kalbajar
2324:Battle of Kalbajar
2300:Operation Goranboy
2263:Operation Dashalty
2019:Danielyan, Emin. "
1942:Goldberg, Carey. "
1876:Human Rights Watch
1451:on 9 November 2020
1419:on 1 December 2017
1339:Yerevan University
771:
717:Once the region's
607:forces during the
457:Stepanakert−Shusha
344:1,000–1,800 troops
3425:Conflicts in 1992
3407:
3406:
3264:Madrid Principles
3244:Tehran Communiqué
3081:Mikael Arzumanyan
3076:Jalal Harutyunyan
3061:Kristapor Ivanyan
3029:Tiran Khachatryan
2941:Mikhail Gorbachev
2833:Leonard Petrosyan
2766:Political leaders
2755:Zangilan District
2733:Kalbajar District
2728:Jabrayil District
2501:Madagiz offensive
2342:Operation Horadiz
2315:Operation Qazançı
2292:Capture of Shusha
2242:Voskepar massacre
2149:Armenians in Baku
2132:Karabakh movement
1968:." ArmenianHouse.
1892:My Brother's Road
1803:Los Angeles Times
1772:My Brother's Road
1744:"Walls of Shusha"
1709:Melkonian, Markar
1688:Davidian, David.
1666:(13 April 1992).
1529:Chorbajian, Levon
1395:missing in action
1259:978-0-8147-1945-9
1225:978-1-4985-5323-0
1162:Shushii azatagrum
1159:Շուշիի ազատագրում
1098:Victory in Europe
947:Political fallout
848:
647:autonomous oblast
582:
581:
537:Mardakert−Martuni
385:
384:
147:
146:
128:Armenian victory
18:Capture of Shusha
16:(Redirected from
3462:
3377:UNSC resolutions
3254:OSCE Minsk Group
3239:Bishkek Protocol
3209:
3207:
3206:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3123:Mais Barkhudarov
3103:Isgandar Hamidov
3096:
3094:
3093:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2989:Military leaders
2966:
2964:
2963:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2912:Tural Ganjaliyev
2880:Abulfaz Elchibey
2868:
2866:
2865:
2838:Arkadi Ghukasyan
2828:Robert Kocharyan
2816:
2814:
2813:
2791:Robert Kocharyan
2779:
2777:
2776:
2750:Qubadli District
2696:Martuni Province
2676:Askeran Province
2548:Battle of Shusha
2543:Lachin offensive
2538:Battle of Hadrut
2376:Interwar clashes
2329:Battle of Aghdam
2312:Battle of Lachin
2282:Khojaly massacre
2215:Kirovabad pogrom
2105:Nagorno-Karabakh
2084:
2077:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2030:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1995:
1989:
1975:
1969:
1964:Demoyan, Hayk. "
1962:
1953:
1940:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1864:
1858:
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1855:
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1830:
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1807:
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1549:
1543:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1480:. Archived from
1475:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1408:
1402:
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1349:
1328:
1315:
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1305:
1299:
1298:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1205:
1189:
1175:
1160:
1147:
1083:Arkadi Ghukasyan
1014:Süleyman Demirel
985:were present in
953:Markar Melkonian
846:
815:– about 300–350,
773:Colonel-General
602:
596:
587:Battle of Shusha
539:
486:
459:
425:
424:
422:
411:
404:
397:
388:
387:
331:
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320:
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309:
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297:
287:
286:
277:Vardan Stepanyan
275:
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242:
241:
231:
230:
220:
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199:
189:
187:
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176:
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173:
166:Nagorno-Karabakh
164:
162:
161:
101:
100:
89:
69:
68:
66:
65:
63:
62:
61:
60:39.7583; 46.7483
56:
52:
49:
48:
47:
44:
21:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3435:1992 in Armenia
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3315:
3222:
3204:
3202:
3182:
3180:
3156:
3154:
3143:
3141:
3128:Hikmat Mirzayev
3118:Valeh Barshadly
3091:
3089:
3071:Monte Melkonian
3044:
3042:
3024:Jirair Sefilian
3009:Vazgen Sargsyan
2997:
2995:
2984:
2961:
2959:
2935:
2933:
2922:
2920:
2907:Nizami Bahmanov
2875:Ayaz Mutallibov
2863:
2861:
2823:Artur Mkrtchyan
2811:
2809:
2801:Nikol Pashinyan
2774:
2772:
2761:
2743:Lachin corridor
2738:Lachin District
2723:Fuzuli District
2718:Aghdam District
2706:Shushi Province
2681:Hadrut Province
2654:
2569:
2466:
2371:
2287:Maraga massacre
2170:
2093:
2088:
2047:
2038:
2033:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1986:Wayback Machine
1976:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1882:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1836:(10 May 2002).
1834:de Waal, Thomas
1831:
1827:
1821:Albert Agarunov
1814:
1810:
1795:
1791:
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1778:
1769:
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1697:Wayback Machine
1685:
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1621:
1617:
1612:Wayback Machine
1602:
1598:
1589:
1582:
1570:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1508:PanARMENIAN.Net
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1405:
1397:: see De Waal,
1391:
1382:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1351:
1350:
1341:(in Armenian).
1335:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1244:de Waal, Thomas
1241:
1237:
1226:
1218:. p. 131.
1216:Lexington Books
1206:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1117:
1094:Movses Hakobyan
1074:
1057:
1051:
1006:
995:Ayaz Mütallibov
957:Monte Melkonian
949:
898:
787:
785:Order of battle
763:
758:
719:Communist Party
689:
683:
643:
637:
583:
578:
577:
557:
535:
482:
455:
426:
420:
418:
417:
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375:
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358:
356:
347:
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325:
324:
314:
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303:
302:
292:
291:
281:
269:
268:
266:Jirair Sefilian
258:
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3259:Prague Process
3256:
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3230:
3228:
3224:
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3220:
3219:
3218:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3194:Shamil Basayev
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3172:Rustam Muradov
3169:
3164:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3133:Hikmat Hasanov
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Surat Huseynov
3110:
3105:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Samvel Babayan
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3034:Seyran Ohanyan
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2951:Vladimir Putin
2948:
2943:
2917:
2916:
2915:
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2909:
2904:
2902:Bayram Safarov
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2798:
2796:Serzh Sargsyan
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2709:
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2693:
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2659:Main locations
2656:
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2535:
2510:Bombardments (
2508:
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2246:
2245:Battle of Togh
2243:
2240:
2238:Operation Ring
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:Sumgait pogrom
2192:
2187:
2185:Çardaqlı clash
2181:
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2036:External links
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2012:
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1935:
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1880:
1868:Helsinki Watch
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1639:New York Times
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1290:
1268:
1258:
1235:
1224:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:Şuşanın işğalı
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1111:after Shusha.
1105:Serzh Sargsyan
1073:
1070:
1053:Main article:
1050:
1049:Commemorations
1047:
1005:
1002:
948:
945:
922:Shamil Basayev
911:Seyran Ohanyan
907:Samvel Babayan
897:
894:
885:
884:
881:
878:Seyran Ohanyan
874:
868:
865:
858:
857:
853:
850:
843:
820:
819:
816:
809:
802:
786:
783:
762:
759:
757:
754:
685:Main article:
682:
679:
651:Azerbaijan SSR
636:
633:
580:
579:
576:
575:
568:
561:
555:
550:
545:
540:
533:
526:
521:
516:
508:
507:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
453:
448:
443:
437:
436:
432:
431:
428:
427:
414:
413:
406:
399:
391:
383:
382:
378:
377:
372:150–200 killed
370:
366:
365:
361:
360:
353:
341:
340:
336:
335:
333:Salman Raduyev
322:Shamil Basayev
279:
244:Seyran Ohanyan
233:Samvel Babayan
211:
210:
206:
205:
180:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
142:
136:
125:
121:
120:
115:
113:
109:
108:
105:
97:
96:
82:
81:
74:
73:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3467:
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3446:
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3378:
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3365:
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3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
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3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
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3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:Peace process
3225:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Pavel Grachev
3165:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Rahim Gaziyev
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
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3057:
3054:
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3041:
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3027:
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3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2994:
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2991:
2987:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Boris Yeltsin
2944:
2942:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Heydar Aliyev
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Bako Sahakyan
2841:
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2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:Border crisis
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
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2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:Bağanis Ayrum
2226:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Gugark pogrom
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Askeran clash
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:(in Armenian)
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1878:, 1992, p. 31
1877:
1873:
1869:
1863:
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1698:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1664:Carney, James
1660:
1658:
1642:. p. 1.8
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1561:0-312-12930-0
1558:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1541:0-333-77340-3
1538:
1534:
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1525:
1509:
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1400:
1396:
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1369:
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1355:
1348:
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1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1323:
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1313:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1291:9781317470991
1287:
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1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Yagub Mamedov
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
944:
941:
938:
933:
931:
925:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
896:The offensive
893:
888:
882:
879:
875:
873:
869:
866:
863:
862:
861:
854:
851:
844:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
823:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
799:
798:
794:
791:
782:
780:
777:, along with
776:
767:
753:
749:
747:
746:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
715:
713:
709:
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702:
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541:
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534:
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531:
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517:
515:
514:
510:
509:
505:
504:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
485:
481:
479:
478:Baganis Ayrum
476:
474:
473:Black January
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
458:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
429:
423:
412:
407:
405:
400:
398:
393:
392:
389:
379:
371:
368:
367:
362:
357:Several tanks
354:
351:
343:
342:
337:
334:
329:
323:
318:
312:
311:Elkhan Orujev
307:
301:
300:Elbrus Orujev
296:
290:
289:Rahim Gaziyev
285:
280:
278:
273:
267:
262:
256:
251:
245:
240:
234:
229:
223:
218:
213:
212:
207:
203:
198:
192:
181:
179:
167:
156:
155:
150:
140:
139:Land corridor
137:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
123:
122:
118:
114:
111:
110:
106:
103:
102:
98:
94:
88:
83:
80:
75:
70:
67:
64:
33:
19:
2890:Ilham Aliyev
2291:
2024:
2015:
2005:23 September
2003:. Retrieved
1993:
1973:
1949:Toronto Star
1947:
1938:
1930:
1925:
1918:Black Garden
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1871:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1828:
1817:Black Garden
1816:
1811:
1801:
1792:
1785:Black Garden
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1722:
1712:
1704:
1681:
1671:
1644:. Retrieved
1637:
1627:
1618:
1599:
1591:
1575:
1567:
1552:
1547:
1532:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1510:. 9 May 2012
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:the original
1471:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1442:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1406:
1399:Black Garden
1398:
1373:(in Russian)
1368:
1346:
1338:
1308:(in Russian)
1303:
1295:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1210:
1177:
1165:
1161:
1150:
1145:
1102:
1087:
1075:
1058:
1043:
1039:East Germany
1035:
1007:
999:
976:
961:
950:
942:
934:
926:
915:
899:
890:
886:
859:
821:
808:– about 100,
796:
792:
788:
772:
750:
743:
740:
716:
690:
675:
667:
663:Soviet Union
644:
629:
617:Azerbaijanis
586:
584:
571:
564:
529:
512:
369:35–58 killed
355:2,500 troops
152:Belligerents
127:
107:8–9 May 1992
77:Part of the
36:
3234:Baker rules
3211:Afghanistan
2973:Turgut Özal
2671:Stepanakert
2528:Stepanakert
2223:Baku pogrom
2178:(1988–1994)
1890:Melkonian.
1770:Melkonian.
1686:(in French)
1423:21 November
1182:Azerbaijani
761:Preparation
697:Stepanakert
621:Stepanakert
559:Summer 1993
519:Stepanakert
374:300 wounded
352:helicopters
58: /
3414:Categories
3098:Azerbaijan
2870:Azerbaijan
2558:War crimes
2486:Casualties
2472:Second war
2098:Background
1488:8 November
1455:8 November
1137:References
1031:Nakhchivan
872:S. Babayan
756:The battle
705:BM-21 GRAD
635:Background
506:Offensives
490:Garadaghly
191:Azerbaijan
2460:Reactions
2450:Incidents
2176:First war
1920:, p. 181.
1916:De Waal.
1894:, p. 219.
1852:5 October
1815:De Waal.
1783:De Waal.
1774:, p. 218.
1401:, p. 314.
903:companies
463:Kirovabad
376:13–68 POW
350:Mil Mi-24
204:militants
46:46°44.9′E
43:39°45.5′N
2608:Susuzluq
2481:Timeline
1982:Archived
1846:Archived
1752:cite web
1711:(2005).
1693:Archived
1646:14 March
1608:Archived
1531:(2001).
1354:cite web
1246:(2003).
1231:victory.
1170:Armenian
1155:Armenian
1115:See also
1019:Caucasus
968:corridor
840:Karagyav
736:4th Army
712:Katyusha
655:Armenian
605:Armenian
591:Armenian
572:Kalbajar
548:Kalbajar
530:Goranboy
339:Strength
112:Location
3004:Armenia
2781:Armenia
2524:Martuni
2137:Miatsum
2110:History
1514:10 June
1109:Yerevan
1027:exclave
972:Martuni
951:Writer
918:Chechen
836:Janasan
828:Lisagor
813:Lisagor
724:Russian
671:Khojaly
565:Horadiz
495:Khojaly
446:Sumgait
441:Askeran
346:4 tanks
202:Chechen
178:Armenia
3277:Russia
3208:
3186:
3150:Russia
3147:
3095:
3048:
3001:
2968:Turkey
2965:
2929:Russia
2926:
2867:
2815:
2778:
2618:Farukh
2613:Shusha
2532:Tartar
2474:(2020)
2026:RFE/RL
1559:
1539:
1288:
1256:
1222:
1010:Turkey
987:Tehran
964:Lachin
856:there.
832:Zaralu
806:Zarslu
659:secede
613:Shusha
600:Shushi
553:Aghdam
543:Lachin
524:Shusha
500:Maraga
451:Gugark
188:
175:
163:
124:Result
117:Shusha
2516:Ganja
2512:Barda
1164:) or
1100:day.
726:-led
595:Շուշի
135:ended
3282:OSCE
2007:2023
1854:2015
1758:link
1673:Time
1648:2007
1557:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1516:2013
1490:2020
1457:2020
1425:2017
1360:link
1286:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1220:ISBN
991:Baku
930:T-72
909:and
745:Time
585:The
513:Ring
468:Baku
104:Date
93:T-72
3397:884
3392:874
3387:853
3382:822
2023:."
1946:."
1282:247
1029:of
811:In
804:In
728:CIS
693:NKR
3416::
3287:EU
2530:,
2526:,
2522:,
2518:,
2514:,
1957:^
1883:^
1874:,
1870:.
1844:.
1840:.
1800:.
1754:}}
1750:{{
1733:^
1670:.
1656:^
1636:.
1583:^
1574:.
1506:.
1383:^
1356:}}
1352:{{
1337:.
1319:^
1294:.
1284:.
1262:.
1228:.
1214:.
1198:^
1184::
1172::
1157::
1041:.
1033:.
1021:,
838:,
834:,
830:,
734:,
597:,
593::
348:2
2534:)
2083:e
2076:t
2069:v
2009:.
1988:.
1856:.
1760:)
1650:.
1518:.
1492:.
1459:.
1427:.
1362:)
1310:"
1188:)
1180:(
1168:(
1153:(
1060:"
880:,
849:;
842:;
589:(
410:e
403:t
396:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
