1104:
638:
1159:
1058:
1167:
678:
61:
1195:. In terms of sizes, where they live impacts how big or small they are. For example, wolves in the north are considered to be bigger in contrast to the wolves in the south. Additionally, for length, wolves tend to be 3 to 5 feet long. Their tails often are one to two feet long in length. The male wolves can weight anywhere around 70 to 145 pounds (32 to 66 kg) and the female wolves can weigh anywhere from 60 to 100 pounds (27 to 45 kg). The gray wolf can be found in serval American states such as
1277:
924:
3336:
391:
886:
3358:
3347:
794:
1011:
1238:
477:
705:. When animals are pulled out from their native habitat and taken to a location they are unfamiliar with, then it is said that animals may experience shock and poor mental health. Furthermore, some wild animals have died inside zoos due to the shock of being placed in an unknown setting. To be more specific, this can also mean that taking animals away from their native habitat can possibly disrupt their way of living.
31:
840:
1085:, has stripes and spots on its body. Serval can be small to medium-sized in length. To be more specific, this animal is approximately between 1 and 2 meters long. In terms of weight, Servals weigh around 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 19 kg). This animal lives close to the savannas in the central and south area of Africa. More specifically, servals live where there are
544:. The goals of environmental enrichment are to make environments more complex and fluid, offer more engaging and complex processes, and give animals more chances to make decisions. Techniques that are commonly used to provide environmental enrichment include social, occupation, physical, sensory, and nutritional.
555:
in infancy. Self-bite involves biting one's own body—typically the arms, legs, shoulders, or genitals. Threat bite involves biting one's own body—typically the hand, wrist, or forearm—while staring at the observer, conspecific, or mirror in a threatening manner. Self-hit involves striking oneself on
1551:
Definitions, 1911 Chapter 27 1 and 2 Geo 5; "...the expression "captive animal" means any animal (not being a domestic animal) of whatsoever kind or species, and whether a quadruped or not, including any bird, fish, or reptile, which is in captivity, or confinement, or which is maimed, pinioned, or
648:
Annually, it is subjected that thousands of wild animals end up in captivity due to the wild animal trade. These animals can be held in captivity because of the overabundance of their population in roadside zoos. Additional reasons as to why animals may end up in captivity is because animals are
586:
Nonsocial factors include the presence of a small cut, a wound or irritant, cold weather, human contact, and frequent zoo visitors. For example, a study has shown that zoo visitors density positively correlates with the number of gorillas banging on the barrier, and that low zoo visitors density
947:
are considered to be muscular and have broad bodies. In terms of their appearance, male lions have a mane of hair that surrounds the neck area. Lions also tend to have a yellow to gold coat. Additionally, male lions tend to be 10 feet in length and weigh around 330 to 550 pounds (150 kg to
1265:
have been observed to defend themselves against
Leopards, Pythons, and Crocodiles. Honey Badgers can be found in dry areas, grasslands, and forests in Africa, Asia, and the Indian Subcontinent. Honey Badgers are considered solitary mammals and have black and white fur with large sharp claws as
486:
All throughout history, domestic animals like pets and livestock were kept in captivity and tended by humans. However, pets and livestock were not the only animals to be put in captivity and receive human care because wild animals had this as well. Despite the fact that wild animals have been
1034:
are medium-sized animals. They have golden brown to sliver colored fur as well as brown and black spots. Also, ocelots have stripes that starts at the inner edges of their eyes. Without the tail, ocelots are 3 feet long and weigh about 30 pounds (14 kg). This animal can be found in
533:, i.e. repetitive and apparently purposeless motor behaviors. Examples of stereotypical behaviours include pacing, self-injury, route tracing and excessive self-grooming. These behaviors are associated with stress and lack of stimulation. Animals that exhibit this tend to suffer from
587:
caused gorillas to behave in a more relaxed way. Captive animals often cannot escape the attention and disruption caused by the general public, and the stress resulting from this lack of environmental control may lead to an increased rate of self-injurious behaviors.
913:. In terms of appearance, chimpanzees have long black or brown hair that covers their body. Additionally, chimpanzees can be 3 feet tall. The females may weigh from 70 to 100 pounds (32 to 45 kg) and the males may weigh from 90 to 120 pounds (41 to 54 kg).
1132:, the smaller subspecies of tigers, are about 8 feet long and weigh around 310 pounds (141 kg). The female tigers for every subspecies are stated to be smaller in size and lighter in weight compared to the males. Furthermore, tigers may be found in
688:
are known as a place where visitors come in to see wild animals. This means zoos may keep animals in confinement. For example, zoos may keep animals captive as a means to save them from going extinct. More specifically, in 2020 the
875:. The adult male cougar may weigh 200 pounds (91 kg) and the adult female may weigh 120 pounds (54 kg). The range of length for an adult cougar is said to be from 42 to 54 inches, including the tail that is 3 feet long.
622:. For example, the AZA SAFE, (Save Animals From Extinction), promotes well-being and care of animals, conservation, and additional disciplines in order to protect and aid the wildlife. The organization focuses on creating
571:; either social or nonsocial factors can trigger this type of behavior. Social factors include changes in group composition, stress, separation from the group, approaches by or aggression from members of other groups,
693:
published a study where they concluded that the work and population of human beings has affected the growth of animals going extinct around the world. The uproar of animals going extinct has caused zoos to use their
594:, can be successfully treated by pair housing. Pair housing provides a previously single-housed animal with a same-sex social partner. This method is especially effective with primates, which are widely known to be
948:
249 kg). On the other hand, female lions, also known as lionesses, tend to be 9 feet in length and weigh between 265 and 395 pounds (120 kg to 179). Moreover, lions can be found in continents such as
491:
and kings, collected wild animals for various reasons. The affluent built the first zoos as personal collections to demonstrate their dominance and wealth. These private collections of animals were known as
2109:
547:
Another type of abnormal behavior shown in captive animals is self-injurious behavior (SIB). Self-injurious behavior indicates any activity that involves biting, scratching, hitting, hair plucking, or
1831:
Weed, J.L.; Wagner, P.O.; Byrum, R.; Parrish, S.; Knezevich, M.; Powell, D.A. (2003). "Treatment of persistent self-injurious behavior in rhesus monkeys through socialization: A preliminary report".
2576:
755:. Alligators may grow taller than 12 feet and weigh around 1,000 pounds (454 kg). This creature may be found in the southeastern area of the United States. More specifically, places such as
698:
on endangered animals in an effort to create a stronger population. It is said that zoos are responsible for reducing the number of animals on the endangered species list and from extinction.
487:
harbored by humans for thousands of years, this captivity has not always come close to present zoos. Some were failed domestication attempts. Furthermore, the wealthy, predominantly the
551:
that may result in injuring oneself. Although its reported incidence is low, self-injurious behavior is observed across a range of primate species, especially when they experience
634:, and people doing research. With their assistance, zoos and aquariums are able to have the proper necessities needed in recovery programs to prevent animals from going extinct.
598:. Social companionship provided by pair housing encourages social interaction, thus reducing abnormal and anxiety-related behavior in captive animals as well as increasing their
829:
can weigh from 550-1700 pounds (249 to 771 kg). The range of bear heights can go from the panda who can be 4 feet tall to the polar bear who can be up to 11 feet tall.
2283:
1552:
subjected to any appliance or contrivance for the purpose of hindering or preventing the animals escape from captivity or confinement..."; Protection of
Animals Act 1911;
182:
441:. The term animal captivity is usually applied to wild animals that are held in confinement, but this term may also be used generally to describe the keeping of
626:, cooperation between AZA workers, and advancement of conservation. Furthermore, the AZA and the zoos and aquariums accredited with the AZA use the help of
437:
is the confinement of domestic and wild animals. More specifically, animals that are held by humans and prevented from escaping are said to be in
1381:
579:, particularly disruptions of early mother-rearing experiences, is an important risk factor. Studies have suggested that, although mother-reared
421:
2673:
1162:
Photo of amur tigers (largest subspecies in tigers) in the zoo. In the image, there appears to be the mother tiger with one of her cubs.
583:
still exhibit some self-injurious behaviors, nursery-reared rhesus macaques are much more likely to self-abuse than mother-reared ones.
1782:
Baker, Kate C.; Bloomsmith, Mollie A.; Oettinger, Brooke; Neu, Kimberly; Griffis, Caroline; Schoof, Valérie; Maloney, Margaret (2012).
2232:
2404:
1528:
540:
Many who keep animals in captivity attempt to prevent or decrease stereotypical behavior by introducing stimuli, a process known as
821:
come in all different shapes and sizes due to where they live and how much food they have in their environment. For example, the
500:
of the wild animals were preserved and exhibited. Today, zoos claim to have other reasons for keeping animals under human care:
3237:
521:
80:
2037:
468:. Animal captivity may be categorized according to the particular motives, objectives, and conditions of the confinement.
775:. Alligators live in areas such as lakes, rivers, swamps, and wetlands. Furthermore, alligators' bodies are covered with
414:
3222:
615:
1752:
Wells, Deborah L. (2005). "A note on the influence of visitors on the behavior and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas".
268:
1047:. Furthermore, ocelots are night time animals. This is because they rest during the day and hunt during the night.
623:
2796:
1589:
772:
275:
137:
2960:
2918:
2013:
3217:
2987:
591:
407:
17:
3388:
3305:
1351:
172:
1988:
564:
is a jerking motion applied to one's own hair with hands or teeth, thus resulting in its excessive removal.
1391:
305:
246:
154:
2821:
2085:
1709:
Erwin, J.; Mitchell, G.; Maple, Terry (1973). "Abnormal behavior in non-isolate-reared rhesus monkeys".
3202:
3190:
1915:
1455:
1124:
Tigers have many subspecies and are known as one of the largest cats in the world. More specifically,
3398:
3393:
1220:
1103:
465:
212:
90:
2552:
3232:
3207:
1324:
358:
85:
2307:
1191:
such as grey, timer, or canines. In terms of looks, the grey wolves stated to look similar to the
3195:
3185:
1396:
1261:, commonly known as honey badgers, are considered small mammals that weigh from 11 to 35 pounds.
701:
Zoos could also be known as a place where animals are put into after they are taken out of their
2527:
3227:
3169:
1565:
1485:
529:
130:
115:
42:
2183:
3295:
3275:
3212:
2891:
2429:
2260:"How Long Do Brown Bears Live? Discover the Brown Bear Lifespan (with Photos) - WildlifeTrip"
1620:
Rommeck, Ina; Anderson, Kristen; Heagerty, Allison; Cameron, Ashley; McCowan, Brenda (2009).
1435:
1420:
541:
229:
192:
187:
2235:
3164:
3159:
3149:
1622:"Risk factors and remediation of self-injurious and self-abuse behavior in rhesus macaques"
1158:
501:
310:
60:
637:
8:
2259:
2208:
2158:
1386:
610:
Wild animals may be placed in captivity for conservation, studies, exotic pet trade, and
488:
147:
2503:
2086:"Osteoderm Fossils: More than Skin Deep | State Historical Society of North Dakota Blog"
1963:
1784:"Benefits of pair housing are consistent across a diverse population of rhesus macaques"
3362:
3315:
3154:
3068:
2980:
2624:
1892:
1859:
1808:
1783:
1734:
1691:
1674:
Hosey, Geoff R.; Skyner, Lindsay J. (2007). "Self-injurious behavior in zoo primates".
1646:
1621:
1460:
1376:
748:
95:
2061:
241:
3285:
3023:
2379:
1897:
1879:
1840:
1813:
1726:
1651:
1495:
1430:
1425:
1204:
1166:
599:
110:
1738:
1695:
677:
3144:
3018:
2722:
2355:
1887:
1871:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1765:
1761:
1718:
1683:
1641:
1633:
1410:
1361:
1309:
1141:
1057:
695:
690:
576:
567:
The proximal causes of self-injurious behavior have been widely studied in captive
552:
480:
353:
177:
2649:
1553:
560:) that presses the knuckle or finger into the orbital space above the eye socket.
3290:
3270:
3043:
3028:
3000:
2697:
2133:
1475:
1192:
657:. When wild animals are captured and held in captivity, then they may be sold in
650:
580:
258:
2965:
2862:
2838:
3340:
3260:
3103:
1939:
1490:
1366:
1339:
1314:
1137:
1129:
1040:
910:
864:
666:
595:
395:
325:
285:
142:
75:
1722:
1687:
1637:
590:
There are studies that suggest the many abnormal captive behaviors, including
575:
male individuals nearby, separation from females, and removal from the group.
3383:
3377:
3351:
3255:
3063:
2973:
1883:
1875:
1356:
1319:
1276:
1128:
are 10 feet long and weigh around 660 pounds (300 kg). In contrast, the
708:
561:
348:
105:
50:
1858:
Fischer, Clare Parker; Romero, L Michael (2019-01-01). Cooke, Steven (ed.).
3335:
3139:
3088:
3078:
3048:
2771:
2746:
2600:
1940:"Captive Animals - Most states have no laws governing captive wild animals"
1901:
1844:
1817:
1655:
1450:
1445:
1440:
989:
868:
654:
631:
390:
365:
263:
234:
2477:
1730:
520:
Captive animals, especially those not domesticated, sometimes can develop
3113:
3108:
3098:
3058:
3053:
2453:
2331:
1500:
1480:
1371:
1304:
1200:
1125:
923:
822:
572:
442:
280:
219:
3280:
3093:
3083:
2919:"Honey badger (Mellivora capensis) longevity, ageing, and life history"
1470:
1329:
1133:
981:
906:
826:
764:
752:
641:
619:
330:
224:
202:
3300:
3073:
2528:"10 Places Where Lions Live in the Wild (with Photos) - WildlifeTrip"
1860:"Chronic captivity stress in wild animals is highly species-specific"
1465:
1334:
1208:
1044:
909:
are said to be social animals and their habitat is in the forests of
871:. The cougars' appearance is said to look like a larger version of a
793:
780:
658:
534:
505:
493:
449:
438:
375:
320:
2405:"Yale-led study: Wild chimpanzees have surprisingly long life spans"
885:
3118:
3038:
3004:
2674:"Serval Facts and Information | SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment"
1415:
1082:
1010:
993:
969:
965:
760:
568:
557:
556:
any part of the body. Eye poking is a behavior (widely observed in
548:
497:
370:
207:
197:
100:
1237:
3320:
3310:
1224:
1216:
1036:
985:
756:
740:
702:
662:
627:
611:
509:
476:
315:
30:
2236:"Polar Bear Species Profile, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
1529:"Is that animal wild or domesticated? | World Animal Protection"
3033:
2062:"American Alligator - Alligator Mississippiensis - NatureWorks"
1212:
1196:
1090:
1078:
1031:
997:
957:
949:
860:
810:
445:
1619:
1145:
1086:
977:
973:
961:
839:
776:
768:
2945:
2955:
2892:"Honey Badger (Ratel) | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants"
1781:
1188:
953:
944:
818:
457:
709:
List of wild animals in
America commonly held in captivity
618:), may hold animals’ captive as a means to save them from
3123:
2996:
872:
685:
461:
453:
1170:
Photo of sumatran tiger (smallest subspecies in tigers).
614:. Places of captivity that are connected with the AZA, (
2950:
825:
can weigh around 300 pounds (136 kg) and the male
1830:
1280:
Photo of a Honey Badger within an enclosure at a zoo.
605:
2231:
1916:"How Zoos and Aquariums Protect Endangered Species"
1272:Approximately 24 years (longest recorded 31 years)
672:
515:
496:. Contrary to domestication, the ferociousness and
1708:
1014:Photo of Lion (right) and Lioness (left) together.
960:. More specifically, lions live in places such as
537:, as it is manifested in stereotypical behaviors.
2995:
2380:"Chimpanzee | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants"
919:31.7 years for males and 38.7 years for females
3375:
1833:Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science
649:captured from their original habitat, come from
2454:"Meet the Lion Family - Male, Female & Cub"
1554:http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/1-2/27
1382:List of animal welfare and animal rights groups
1566:"What Is Zoochosis and How Do Animals Get It?"
2981:
2698:"Serval | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants"
2184:"Polar Bear Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS"
1857:
681:Photo of a lion at a captive breeding center.
415:
456:. This may include, for example, animals in
2601:"Ocelot - Leopardus pardalis - NatureWorks"
2551:Society, National Geographic (2011-09-21).
2012:Society, National Geographic (2010-11-11).
1673:
2988:
2974:
422:
408:
1891:
1807:
1645:
1626:Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
2402:
2209:"Panda Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS"
2159:"Panda Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS"
1986:
1275:
1236:
1165:
1157:
1102:
1056:
1009:
922:
884:
843:Photo that includes the bear subspecies.
838:
792:
676:
636:
475:
29:
2550:
2504:"Lion Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS"
2501:
2284:"Cougar Facts for Kids - NatureMapping"
2206:
2181:
2156:
2014:"Captive Breeding and Species Survival"
2011:
1989:"How Zoos Improve the Lives of Animals"
1777:
1775:
1669:
1667:
1665:
14:
3376:
1606:
2969:
2951:World Association of Zoos and Aquaria
2913:
2911:
2886:
2884:
2720:
2647:
1751:
2819:
2502:Schmidt, Amanda (3 September 2020).
1772:
1676:International Journal of Primatology
1662:
1293:
2863:"Honey Badger (Mellivora Capensis)"
2427:
2182:Schmidt, Amanda (9 December 2020).
606:Why animals are placed in captivity
24:
2908:
2881:
1187:There are different subspecies of
718:Name of animal and classification
527:One type of abnormal behaviour is
25:
3410:
2939:
616:Association of Zoos and Aquariums
3357:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3334:
2207:Schmidt, Amanda (10 June 2020).
2157:Schmidt, Amanda (10 June 2020).
2110:"American Alligator | Stone Zoo"
1968:education.nationalgeographic.org
1788:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1754:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1230:Typically no more than 10 years
797:Photo of the American alligator.
673:Zoos' impact on animal captivity
516:Behavior of animals in captivity
389:
59:
2855:
2831:
2813:
2789:
2764:
2739:
2714:
2690:
2666:
2641:
2617:
2593:
2569:
2544:
2520:
2495:
2470:
2446:
2430:"How long do chimpanzees live?"
2421:
2396:
2372:
2348:
2324:
2300:
2276:
2252:
2225:
2200:
2175:
2150:
2126:
2102:
2078:
2054:
2030:
2005:
1980:
1956:
1932:
1908:
1851:
1824:
2434:Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest
2308:"Cougar Facts - NatureMapping"
1987:Barrelet, Agnes (2021-06-24).
1800:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.09.010
1766:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.019
1745:
1702:
1582:
1558:
1545:
1521:
1061:Photo of an ocelot in the zoo.
13:
1:
2625:"Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)"
2403:Cummings, Mike (2017-03-20).
2356:"Chimpanzees | Species | WWF"
1514:
2801:National Wildlife Federation
2042:National Wildlife Federation
1533:www.worldanimalprotection.ca
1392:Testing cosmetics on animals
1387:Personhood#Non-human animals
7:
3306:Zoo emergency response team
2581:www.biologicaldiversity.org
2557:National Geographic Society
2312:naturemappingfoundation.org
2288:naturemappingfoundation.org
2018:National Geographic Society
1288:
27:Animal being held by humans
10:
3415:
2961:WSPA international website
2956:New York Zoos and Aquarium
2776:Smithsonian's National Zoo
2751:Smithsonian's National Zoo
2482:Smithsonian's National Zoo
1590:"Environmental enrichment"
1456:Human-animal communication
1099:Up to 20 years and higher
471:
3329:
3248:
3223:Former zoos and aquariums
3178:
3132:
3011:
1993:Children's Nature Retreat
1944:Animal Legal Defense Fund
1723:10.2466/pr0.1973.33.2.515
1688:10.1007/s10764-007-9203-z
1638:10.1080/10888700802536798
1352:Animal–industrial complex
696:captive breeding programs
173:Animal–industrial complex
2923:genomics.senescence.info
2134:"Bears of North America"
1325:Intensive animal farming
542:environmental enrichment
2896:animals.sandiegozoo.org
2822:"Longevity wild wolves"
2702:animals.sandiegozoo.org
2553:"Big Cats in Captivity"
2384:animals.sandiegozoo.org
2090:blog.statemuseum.nd.gov
1864:Conservation Physiology
1397:World Animal Protection
1269:7-8 years in the wild
1241:Photo of the gray wolf.
592:self-injurious behavior
530:stereotypical behaviors
3170:Species reintroduction
2138:Be Bear Aware Campaign
1876:10.1093/conphys/coz093
1486:Species reintroduction
1426:Beluga whale#Captivity
1281:
1266:distinctive features.
1242:
1171:
1163:
1108:
1062:
1015:
928:
927:Photo of a chimpanzee.
890:
844:
798:
727:Lifespan in captivity
682:
645:
483:
35:
3296:Wildlife conservation
3276:Behavioral enrichment
2727:Carolina Tiger Rescue
2654:Carolina Tiger Rescue
2114:www.zoonewengland.org
1711:Psychological Reports
1436:Captive killer whales
1421:Behavioral enrichment
1279:
1240:
1169:
1161:
1106:
1060:
1013:
926:
888:
863:are considered to be
842:
796:
751:are considered to be
724:Lifespan in the wild
680:
640:
479:
33:
3389:Animals in captivity
3266:Animals in captivity
3165:In situ conservation
3160:Ex situ conservation
3150:Conservation biology
2820:Mech, David (1988).
2721:Admin (2016-08-23).
2648:Admin (2016-08-23).
2038:"American Alligator"
1223:which is located in
311:Animal protectionism
3363:Category: Aquariums
3218:Conservation topics
2360:World Wildlife Fund
2332:"Cougar: Key Facts"
2240:www.adfg.alaska.gov
1405:Wild animal keeping
771:), and west of the
749:American alligators
721:Animal description
714:
653:, or come from the
522:abnormal behaviours
3341:Animals portal
3316:Zoological society
3203:Animal sanctuaries
3155:Endangered species
3069:Marine mammal park
2839:"FAQ about wolves"
2428:J.B (2013-03-08).
1461:Marine mammal park
1441:Circus#Animal acts
1377:Cruelty to animals
1282:
1263:Mellivora Capensis
1259:Mellivora capensis
1253:mammalia (mammals)
1243:
1182:mammalia (mammals)
1172:
1164:
1119:mammalia (mammals)
1109:
1107:Photo of a serval.
1073:mammalia (mammals)
1063:
1026:mammalia (mammals)
1016:
939:mammalia (mammals)
929:
901:mammalia (mammals)
891:
889:Photo of a cougar.
855:mammalia (mammals)
845:
799:
713:
683:
646:
484:
396:Animals portal
36:
3371:
3370:
3286:Immersion exhibit
3024:Animal theme park
2577:"Natural history"
1511:
1510:
1496:Zoological garden
1431:Captive elephants
1286:
1285:
498:natural behaviour
460:, private homes,
432:
431:
276:Companion animals
16:(Redirected from
3406:
3399:Cultural studies
3394:Cultural history
3360:
3359:
3349:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3233:Zoo associations
3208:Butterfly houses
3145:Captive breeding
3019:Animal sanctuary
2990:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2869:. March 14, 2024
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2532:wildlifetrip.org
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2264:wildlifetrip.org
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1794:(3–4): 148–156.
1779:
1770:
1769:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1682:(6): 1431–1437.
1671:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1562:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1525:
1411:Animal sanctuary
1362:Animal sacrifice
1310:Animal husbandry
1299:Animal husbandry
1294:
1221:Yellowstone park
1053:Around 20 years
1006:Around 25 years
878:Around 12 years
835:Around 40 years
730:Photo of animal
715:
712:
691:Science Advances
642:Kiger wild horse
577:Social isolation
553:social isolation
481:Animal husbandry
435:Animal captivity
424:
417:
410:
394:
393:
354:Environmentalism
81:Around the world
63:
53:
38:
37:
34:Monkey in a cage
21:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3333:
3325:
3291:Nocturnal house
3271:Animal training
3244:
3174:
3128:
3044:Butterfly house
3007:
2994:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2731:
2729:
2719:
2715:
2706:
2704:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2559:
2549:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2422:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2336:Forest Wildlife
2330:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2020:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1856:
1852:
1829:
1825:
1780:
1773:
1750:
1746:
1707:
1703:
1672:
1663:
1618:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1594:www.ufaw.org.uk
1588:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1476:Public Aquarium
1291:
1233:Up to 20 years
1193:German shepherd
1154:Up to 20 years
1151:10 to 25 years
1130:Sumatran tigers
1096:10 to 12 years
1050:About 12 years
1003:12 to 16 years
916:About 33 years
881:Up to 20 years
711:
703:natural habitat
675:
651:animal breeders
608:
581:rhesus macaques
518:
474:
428:
388:
381:
380:
344:
336:
335:
301:
293:
292:
168:
160:
159:
133:
123:
122:
71:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3412:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3352:Category: Zoos
3343:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:Animal cruelty
3258:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3228:Nature centers
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Reptile centre
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2940:External links
2938:
2935:
2934:
2907:
2880:
2854:
2830:
2812:
2788:
2763:
2738:
2713:
2689:
2665:
2640:
2629:tpwd.texas.gov
2616:
2592:
2568:
2543:
2519:
2494:
2469:
2445:
2420:
2395:
2371:
2347:
2323:
2299:
2275:
2251:
2224:
2199:
2174:
2149:
2125:
2101:
2077:
2053:
2029:
2004:
1979:
1955:
1931:
1907:
1850:
1823:
1771:
1760:(1–2): 13–17.
1744:
1717:(2): 515–523.
1701:
1661:
1605:
1581:
1557:
1544:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1491:Wildlife trade
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1367:Animal welfare
1364:
1359:
1354:
1343:
1342:
1340:Working animal
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1315:Animal testing
1312:
1307:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1205:North Michigan
1185:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1142:Eastern Russia
1138:Southeast Asia
1122:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1041:Southern Texas
1029:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1007:
1004:
1001:
942:
941:
940:
931:
930:
920:
917:
914:
911:Central Africa
904:
903:
902:
893:
892:
882:
879:
876:
865:mountain lions
858:
857:
856:
847:
846:
836:
833:
830:
816:
815:
814:
801:
800:
790:
787:
784:
745:
744:
743:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
710:
707:
674:
671:
667:World Wide Web
624:recovery plans
607:
604:
596:social animals
517:
514:
473:
470:
430:
429:
427:
426:
419:
412:
404:
401:
400:
399:
398:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
362:
361:
351:
345:
343:Related topics
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
326:Sentiocentrism
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
273:
272:
271:
266:
261:
251:
250:
249:
242:Animal testing
239:
238:
237:
232:
227:
217:
216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
190:
185:
180:
175:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
152:
151:
150:
145:
134:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
119:
118:
111:Primate rights
108:
103:
98:
96:Animal cruelty
93:
88:
83:
78:
76:Animal welfare
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
47:
46:
26:
18:Captive animal
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3411:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Animal rights
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Dolphinariums
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Nature center
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:Types of zoos
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Pet-Abuse.com
2944:
2943:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2823:
2816:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:(1): coz093.
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Animal rights
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:Animal rights
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:Domestication
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:Honey Badgers
1247:
1246:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:and Northern
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
943:
938:
937:
936:
933:
932:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
900:
899:
898:
895:
894:
887:
883:
880:
877:
874:
870:
866:
862:
859:
854:
853:
852:
849:
848:
841:
837:
834:
831:
828:
824:
820:
817:
812:
808:
807:
806:
803:
802:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
706:
704:
699:
697:
692:
687:
679:
670:
668:
664:
663:auction sales
660:
656:
652:
643:
639:
635:
633:
632:veterinarians
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
603:
601:
597:
593:
588:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
562:Hair plucking
559:
554:
550:
545:
543:
538:
536:
532:
531:
525:
523:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
482:
478:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:
440:
436:
425:
420:
418:
413:
411:
406:
405:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
386:
385:
384:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
360:
357:
356:
355:
352:
350:
349:Cultured meat
347:
346:
340:
339:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
297:
296:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
255:
252:
248:
245:
244:
243:
240:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
221:
218:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
164:
163:
156:
153:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
127:
126:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
107:
106:Vegetarianism
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
67:
66:
62:
58:
57:
54:
52:Animal rights
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
32:
19:
3265:
3238:WAZA members
3140:Biodiversity
3133:Conservation
3089:Penguinarium
3079:Night safari
3049:Dolphinarium
2926:. Retrieved
2922:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:
2871:. Retrieved
2866:
2857:
2846:. Retrieved
2842:
2833:
2815:
2804:. Retrieved
2800:
2791:
2780:. Retrieved
2778:. 2016-04-25
2775:
2766:
2755:. Retrieved
2753:. 2016-04-25
2750:
2741:
2730:. Retrieved
2726:
2716:
2705:. Retrieved
2701:
2692:
2681:. Retrieved
2678:seaworld.org
2677:
2668:
2657:. Retrieved
2653:
2643:
2632:. Retrieved
2628:
2619:
2608:. Retrieved
2604:
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2560:. Retrieved
2556:
2546:
2535:. Retrieved
2531:
2522:
2511:. Retrieved
2507:
2497:
2486:. Retrieved
2484:. 2016-04-25
2481:
2472:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:
2423:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2398:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2363:. Retrieved
2359:
2350:
2339:. Retrieved
2335:
2326:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:
2302:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:
2278:
2267:. Retrieved
2263:
2254:
2243:. Retrieved
2239:
2227:
2216:. Retrieved
2212:
2202:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:
2177:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2152:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:
2104:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:
2080:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:
2056:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:
2007:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:
1982:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:
1958:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:
1910:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1839:(5): 21–23.
1836:
1832:
1826:
1791:
1787:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1679:
1675:
1632:(1): 61–72.
1629:
1625:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:
1560:
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:
1523:
1505:
1451:Game reserve
1446:Dolphinarium
1404:
1403:
1345:
1344:
1298:
1297:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1211:, Northeast
1177:
1114:
1081:, a slender
1068:
1021:
990:South Africa
934:
896:
850:
832:20–30 years
804:
789:65–80 years
786:35–50 years
783:(bone skin)
779:(scales) or
753:crocodilians
735:
700:
684:
655:black market
647:
609:
589:
585:
566:
546:
539:
528:
526:
519:
502:conservation
485:
466:laboratories
443:domesticated
434:
433:
366:Deep ecology
306:Abolitionism
253:
225:Bullfighting
188:Wild animals
167:Animal abuse
3114:Virtual zoo
3109:Safari park
3099:Petting zoo
3059:Insectarium
3054:Herpetarium
2867:A-Z-Animals
2797:"Gray Wolf"
1920:www.aza.org
1501:Insectarium
1481:Safari Park
1372:Blood sport
1305:Agriculture
1201:North Idaho
1126:Amur tigers
907:Chimpanzees
897:Chimpanzees
809:mammalia (
759:, Southern
573:conspecific
489:aristocrats
286:Abandonment
281:Puppy mills
269:Oceanariums
220:Bloodsports
193:Consumption
148:Vegetarians
116:in research
3378:Categories
3281:Frozen zoo
3094:Pheasantry
3084:Oceanarium
2928:2024-04-23
2901:2024-04-23
2848:2023-05-07
2806:2023-05-07
2782:2023-05-09
2757:2023-05-07
2732:2023-05-07
2707:2023-05-07
2683:2023-05-07
2659:2023-05-07
2634:2023-05-12
2610:2023-05-11
2586:2023-05-07
2562:2023-05-08
2537:2023-05-08
2513:2023-05-08
2488:2023-05-08
2463:2023-05-08
2439:2023-05-07
2414:2023-05-07
2389:2023-05-07
2365:2023-05-07
2341:2023-05-07
2317:2023-05-07
2293:2023-05-07
2269:2023-05-07
2245:2023-05-07
2218:2023-05-07
2193:2023-05-11
2168:2023-05-11
2143:2023-05-07
2119:2023-05-09
2095:2023-05-11
2071:2023-05-11
2047:2023-05-07
2023:2023-05-09
1998:2023-05-09
1973:2023-05-09
1949:2023-04-29
1925:2023-04-29
1599:2022-10-26
1575:2022-10-26
1538:2023-04-25
1515:References
1471:Oceanarium
1330:Free-range
982:Mozambique
827:polar bear
781:osteoderms
773:Gulf Coast
765:Rio Grande
736:Alligators
659:pet stores
620:extinction
600:locomotion
494:menageries
331:Speciesism
183:Mutilation
3301:Zookeeper
3191:Aquariums
3074:Menagerie
3001:aquariums
2873:March 14,
2605:nhpbs.org
2066:nhpbs.org
1884:2051-1434
1466:Menagerie
1335:Livestock
1219:, and in
1209:Wisconsin
1045:Argentina
665:, or the
628:educators
535:zoochosis
506:education
450:livestock
439:captivity
376:Welfarism
321:Personism
254:Captivity
138:Advocates
3119:Vivarium
3039:Bear pit
3029:Aquarium
3005:aviaries
2723:"Serval"
2650:"Ocelot"
2409:YaleNews
1902:31824674
1845:14510519
1818:25635151
1739:21576022
1696:29918666
1656:17209750
1416:Aquarium
1289:See also
1207:, North
1083:wild cat
994:Tanzania
970:Cameroon
966:Botswana
763:Border,
761:Virginia
644:auction.
569:primates
558:primates
549:eye poke
448:such as
371:Humanism
264:Circuses
247:Cosmetic
131:Movement
101:Veganism
91:Timeline
70:Overview
43:a series
41:Part of
3321:Zoology
3311:Zoo key
3249:Related
3196:largest
2772:"Tiger"
2747:"Tiger"
1893:6892464
1809:4307811
1731:4202533
1647:4443667
1570:IDA USA
1225:Wyoming
1217:Montana
1215:, West
1091:streams
1079:Servals
1069:Servals
1037:Arizona
1032:Ocelots
1022:Ocelots
986:Namibia
861:Cougars
851:Cougars
811:mammals
757:Florida
741:reptile
612:farming
510:science
472:History
446:animals
359:Radical
316:Carnism
235:Fishing
230:Hunting
178:Killing
86:History
3361:
3350:
3034:Aviary
3003:, and
2508:Nature
2478:"Lion"
2213:Nature
2188:Nature
2163:Nature
1900:
1890:
1882:
1843:
1816:
1806:
1737:
1729:
1694:
1654:
1644:
1506:
1213:Oregon
1197:Alaska
1189:wolves
1178:Wolves
1144:, and
1115:Tigers
1087:rivers
998:Zambia
996:, and
958:Europe
956:, and
950:Africa
777:scutes
464:, and
213:Cattle
203:Horses
155:Groups
143:Vegans
3179:Lists
2825:(PDF)
2458:Alert
1964:"zoo"
1735:S2CID
1692:S2CID
1146:China
1134:South
978:Kenya
974:India
962:Benin
945:Lions
935:Lions
869:pumas
823:panda
819:Bears
805:Bears
769:Texas
458:farms
300:Ideas
3384:Zoos
3186:Zoos
2997:Zoos
2875:2024
2843:IFAW
1898:PMID
1880:ISSN
1841:PMID
1814:PMID
1727:PMID
1652:PMID
1136:and
1089:and
954:Asia
747:The
686:Zoos
508:and
462:zoos
454:pets
259:Zoos
208:Cats
198:Dogs
3124:Zoo
1888:PMC
1872:doi
1804:PMC
1796:doi
1792:137
1762:doi
1719:doi
1684:doi
1642:PMC
1634:doi
873:cat
867:or
452:or
3380::
2999:,
2921:.
2910:^
2894:.
2883:^
2865:.
2841:.
2799:.
2774:.
2749:.
2725:.
2700:.
2676:.
2652:.
2627:.
2603:.
2579:.
2555:.
2530:.
2506:.
2480:.
2456:.
2432:.
2407:.
2382:.
2358:.
2334:.
2310:.
2286:.
2262:.
2238:.
2234:.
2211:.
2186:.
2161:.
2136:.
2112:.
2088:.
2064:.
2040:.
2016:.
1991:.
1966:.
1942:.
1918:.
1896:.
1886:.
1878:.
1866:.
1862:.
1837:42
1835:.
1812:.
1802:.
1790:.
1786:.
1774:^
1758:93
1756:.
1733:.
1725:.
1715:33
1713:.
1690:.
1680:28
1678:.
1664:^
1650:.
1640:.
1630:12
1628:.
1624:.
1608:^
1592:.
1568:.
1531:.
1227:.
1203:,
1199:,
1148:.
1140:,
1093:.
1039:,
1000:.
992:,
988:,
984:,
980:,
976:,
972:,
968:,
964:,
952:,
669:.
661:,
630:,
602:.
524:.
512:.
504:,
45:on
2989:e
2982:t
2975:v
2931:.
2904:.
2877:.
2851:.
2827:.
2809:.
2785:.
2760:.
2735:.
2710:.
2686:.
2662:.
2637:.
2613:.
2589:.
2565:.
2540:.
2516:.
2491:.
2466:.
2442:.
2417:.
2392:.
2368:.
2344:.
2320:.
2296:.
2272:.
2248:.
2221:.
2196:.
2171:.
2146:.
2122:.
2098:.
2074:.
2050:.
2026:.
2001:.
1976:.
1952:.
1928:.
1904:.
1874::
1868:7
1847:.
1820:.
1798::
1768:.
1764::
1741:.
1721::
1698:.
1686::
1658:.
1636::
1602:.
1578:.
1541:.
813:)
767:(
423:e
416:t
409:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg){kind=small}