Cape Wind - Knowledge

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the contract, resulting in today's termination of the power purchase agreement". According to Cape Wind, the terminations were invalid because of contract provisions that would extend the deadlines. After NStar and National Grid cancelled their contracts with Cape Wind, Cape Wind's leases with Quonset Development Corporation (for a port facility), Falmouth Harbor Marina (for headquarters), and New Bedford Marine Commerce (for staging and construction) were terminated. Additionally, Cape Wind was suspended by Independent System Operator/New England from participating in New England's wholesale electricity markets.

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discuss how we might find a common-sense agreement on actions that could be taken to minimize and mitigate Cape Wind's potential impacts on historic and cultural resources. I am hopeful that an agreement among the parties can be reached by March 1. If an agreement among the parties can't be reached, I will be prepared to take the steps necessary to bring the permit process to conclusion. The public, the parties, and the permit applicants deserve certainty and resolution."

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natural gas (64%), far higher than levels who want to see more coal (21%), oil (14%) or nuclear power (31%)." Furthermore, "The survey showed, among many factors, strong support for renewable energy, with eight in ten residents willing to pay an extra one dollar, and 60% saying they would pay up to five dollars more for renewable energy over traditional sources like oil or coal."

323:, each with a hub height of 285 feet (87 m). The blade diameter was 364 feet (111 m), with the lowest blade tip height at 75 feet (23 m) and the top blade tip height at 440 feet (130 m). The turbines were to be sited between four and 11 miles offshore depending on the shoreline. At peak generation, the turbines were anticipated to generate 454 314:

Cape Wind's developer, Energy Management Inc. (EMI), was a New England–based energy company with 35 years' experience in energy conservation and development. ESS Group, Inc. of Waltham, Massachusetts, was the environmental science specialist for the project. Cape Wind was also being assisted by Woods

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was released about the controversy over the Cape Wind Project. The film by journalist Ole Tangen, Jr. chronicled the debate as it unfolded on the Cape. An independent production, the filmmaker interviewed subjects from both sides of the debate including Jim Gordon, the driving force behind Cape Wind

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In January 2015, National Grid and Northeast Utilities cited Cape Wind's failure to obtain financing by 31 December 31, 2014 as grounds for terminating their contract. National Grid spokesman Jake Navarro said the company was "disappointed that Cape Wind has been unable to meet its commitments under

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because of its cultural and spiritual significance to two Native American tribes. "After several years of review, it is now time to move the Cape Wind proposal to a final decision point. That is why I am gathering the principal parties together next week to consider the findings of the Keeper and to

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It was approved but then lost several key contracts and suffered several licensing and legislative setbacks. National Grid and Northeast Utilities eventually terminated their power purchase agreements in January 2015, making it difficult to obtain the necessary financing for the project to progress.

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A 2013 survey conducted by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center polled 503 Massachusetts residents about the Cape Wind project. More respondents opposed the project than supported it and 50% thought it should be halted. Nearly two-thirds wanted utilities to buy less expensive power instead

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to sell half the project's output (i.e., about 750GW·h per year) for an initial price of 20.7¢/kW·h (later reduced to 18.7¢)—a price more than twice then-current retail rates (though increases in electrical prices in the winter of 2014 narrowed the difference significantly). The deal was subject to

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rejected the FAA's ruling. The court ordered the 'no hazard' determinations vacated and remanded back to the FAA. On 15 August 2012 Cape Wind again received full approval from the FAA, which determined that the wind farm would cause no danger to aircraft operations. However, Cape Wind had begun its

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In 2007, 78% of Massachusetts residents surveyed, including 61% of those living on the Cape and on the Islands, supported wind as the best energy resource to provide electricity to Cape Cod and the Islands. Statewide, the support for other alternatives was as follows: nuclear (10%); coal (4%); and

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found that 69% of respondents supported Cape Wind, and 20% opposed it. Questions about cost found that half of respondents said they would not support paying higher prices for the project's electricity. In general, however, many respondents said they would be in favor of paying higher rates if it

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Year round and summer residents expressed concerns over the location of the project: some claiming that the project would ruin scenic views from private properties as well as views from public properties like beaches, as the turbines would be only 4.8 miles from shore and therefore would decrease

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In 2011, Mass Inc. polling group hosted a poll, "The 80% Challenge: A Survey of Climate Change Opinion and Action in Massachusetts". Its findings showed "when asked about future energy needs, large majorities said they would like to see more reliance on solar power (87%), wind power (86%), and

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During the 4 November 2008 election, 87% of voters in eleven Massachusetts towns on the south shore, near but not on the Cape, voted yes on Question 4, a non-binding question that read, "Should the state representative from this district be instructed to vote in favor of legislation that would

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Because the proposed turbines were to be over 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) from shore, they would have been subject to federal jurisdiction. However, near-shore infrastructure including roads and power cables made the project subject to state and local jurisdiction as well. All

649:, cited wind's ability to displace oil and gas consumption with clean, locally produced energy and claimed that the project was the best option for much-needed new generating capacity in the region. It would have supplied 75% of the average electrical needs of Cape Cod and the Islands. The 449:

On 20 June 2008, the Barnstable Superior Court dismissed four of five counts against the MEPA certificate that had been filed by opposition groups and the Town of Barnstable. The fifth count was not considered ripe for a ruling since the matter was still pending before a state agency.

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Phillip Scudder, owner of the Hy-Line ferry service on Cape Cod, originally opposed the project because he wondered how to navigate around the turbines when going to Martha's Vineyard, but changed his opposition to support in light of the economic opportunity to provide "eco-tours."

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On 6 October 2010, Interior Secretary Salazar announced that a 28-year lease had been signed, which would have cost Cape Wind an annual fee of $ 88,278 before construction, and a two to seven percent variable operating fee during production, based on revenue from selling the energy.

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In 2011, "Earlier that year, the Civil Society Institute commissioned an independent scientific survey of public opinion on Cape Wind that found 81% support in the State of Massachusetts, and their sub-sample of Cape and Islands residents also found more support than opposition."

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In an interview, one of the authors stated that the fight over Cape Wind was a case of "a very small group of people, with more money than most of us can possibly imagine, who decided from the very beginning that they didn't want it there, it would upset their martini time."

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On 22 March 2010, a hearing was held before the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. Proponents and opponents of the plan delivered testimony during the hearing. The council was to deliver their recommendations to Interior Secretary Salazar no later than 14 April 2010.

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stating his support for wind power in general, but opposing the project. However, this did not represent the view of most Massachusetts citizens: in a 2005 survey, 81% of adults supported the project, 61% of Cape Cod residents supported it, and 14% of adults opposed it.

1028:, about 20 miles (32 km) west of the proposed Cape Wind site. The Cashman farm would have been closer (two miles) to shore and would have consisted of 120 turbines, each 450 feet (140 m) tall. The projected generation capacity was 300 MW. According to the 738:

In January 2015, Ian Bowles, the Massachusetts Energy and Environment head, cited the recent breach of contract from Cape Wind as indicating that the development most likely had been abandoned, "Presumably, this means the project will not move forward."

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2007 survey results were based on telephone interviews conducted among a sample of 600 householders aged18 and over. Interviewing was completed by Opinion Research Corporation for the Newton-based Civil Society Institute, during July and August 2007.

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On 11 May 2005, the Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Board (MEFSB) approved the application to build the wind farm. Opponents appealed the decision and on 18 December 2006 the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court upheld the decision.

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In 2010, the Massachusetts Attorney General's office estimated that Cape Wind would ultimately cost $ 2.5 billion. Monetary costs of the electricity generated by the project were estimated to be double the 2010 price of traditional

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necessary state and local pre-construction approvals were obtained by 2009. Major federal approvals were obtained 17 May 2010, with lease details and construction and operation permits to be granted as the project proceeded.

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On 31 August 2010, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled 4–2 that the state had the power to overrule community opposition and granted the Cape Wind project a suite of local permits it needed to start construction.

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island combined. Had it been built, it might have offset nearly a million tons of carbon dioxide a year and produced enough electricity to offset consumption of 113 million US gallons (430,000 m) of oil annually.

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In 2014, the Republican side of the House voted to block a $ 150 million loan guarantee for Cape Wind, acknowledging that the block was narrowly targeted. The project had a $ 600 million loan guarantee from the

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of Gay Head (Aquinnah) filed a lawsuit against the federal government for allowing Cape Wind to move forward. Contradicting the Aquinnahs, the Pocasset Wampanoag Tribe previously had expressed support for the project.

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The 2007 ORC survey also found that 84% of Massachusetts residents – including 58% of those living on the Cape and on the Islands – explicitly supported "the proposed Cape Wind offshore wind farm that would involve

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property values, ruin popular areas for yachting, and cause other environmental problems. The Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound argued that Nantucket Sound was known worldwide for its wildlife and natural beauty.

912:(90%), and wind power (89%) used first before resorting to more nuclear power. On the Cape and on the Islands, the views were similar, with strong support for wind power (75%); conservation (81%); and solar (84%). 441:

In March 2007, the project received approval from Ian Bowles, the Massachusetts Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs, as required by the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA). In October 2007, the

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ran aground southeast of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts spilling 7.7 million US gallons (29,000 m) of oil. The second spill occurred in April 2003, when a Bouchard Company barge carrying oil for the

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Additionally, this project would have reduced the amount of oil shipped to the Canal Generating Plant; fuel for this plant had been part of two major oil spills, the first on 15 December 1976, when the tanker

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On 22 May 2009, the Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Board issued a "Super Permit" to Cape Wind, overriding the Cape Cod Commission and obviating the need for further state and local approvals.

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being placed in Nantucket Sound about five and a half miles from the Town of Hyannis." (A June 2006 survey posed the same question and found 81% support statewide and 61% in Cape Cod/the Islands.)

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support the development of Cape Wind in Nantucket Sound and other possible future onshore and offshore wind power developments in Massachusetts?" The measure was voted on by the towns of

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On 28 December 2011, a ruling by "the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court gave its blessing to a novel power purchase agreement between Cape Wind and National Grid," as reported by the

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between Cape Wind and National Grid was signed for 50% of the electricity, at a price of 18.7¢/kWh, which would have added $ 1.50 a month to the electricity bill of an average home.

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on a large scale by moving ahead with offshore wind power" and other clean energy initiatives. The statement was supported by 78% of those living on the Cape and on the Islands.

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to complete a $ 4.8 billion merger. The second power purchase agreement with state utility NSTAR for 27.5% of the output had also been approved by Massachusetts regulators.

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Canal Generating Plant ran aground, spilling 98,000 US gallons (370,000 L) of oil, which killed 450 birds and shut down 100,000 acres (400 km) of shell fishing beds.

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strongly opposed the Cape Wind project beginning in 2006. If elected Romney could have severely affected the project's continuation, which was set to begin building in 2013.

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In July 2016, an appeals court ruled that the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management had not obtained "sufficient site-specific data on seafloor" as obligated by the

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called a meeting of principal parties to resolve remaining issues after the National Park Service ruled that Nantucket Sound was eligible to be listed on the

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Controversy surrounding Cape Wind had been focused on its proposed location in Nantucket Sound. Because Cape Wind was positioning its project as a potential

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cleared the construction of the wind farm on 17 May 2010 after raising concerns that the wind turbine structures could interfere with radar system at nearby

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In February, 2008, state law was amended removing a prohibition on the construction of electrical generating facilities within ocean sanctuaries.

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The MMS issued a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) in January 2008, and a Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR) in January 2009.

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In 2014, a judge dismissed the 26th lawsuit against Cape Wind and commented "There comes a point at which the right to litigate can become a

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meant getting electricity from cleaner sources. Forty-two percent said they would be willing to pay more, while seven percent were unsure.

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At the federal level, Cape Wind originally applied for a permit in 2001 under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 with the

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and Wendy Williams argued that the fight over Cape Wind involved a powerful, privileged minority imposing its will on the majority.

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On 18 April 2011, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement granted its necessary approval for the project.

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drew attention by coming out against the wind farm; he later changed his opinion. Other opponents included the late Senator

3956: 1145: 964:. A 2009 poll by the Cape Cod Chamber of Commerce showed that 55% of its members opposed the project and 41% supported it. 503: 59: 1233: 3034: 2770: 330:

The project was expected to produce an average of 170 MW of electricity, about 75% of the average electricity demand for

2843: 2797: 241:. It was projected to generate 1,500 gigawatt hours of electricity a year at a first-dollar cost of $ 2.6 billion. 3804: 1613: 259:

The developer, Jim Gordon of Energy Management Inc., eventually terminated the lease rights for the site in late 2017.

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run facility. The Cape Wind proposal was distinct in that it was envisioned to directly offset petroleum combustion,

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and Isaac Rosen, then director of the Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound. Focusing also on wind power in general,

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The Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound filed a lawsuit in June 2010, claiming that federal approvals violated the

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in Massachusetts, including on the Cape and on the Islands. Massachusetts residents expressed preference for

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The proposed project was to cover 24 square miles (62 km) and be located 4.8 miles (7.7 km) from

1968:"Native & American Indian News, Culture, Music, Art and More - Indian Country Today Media Network.com" 686:

Proponents suggested that some opposition was motivated in part by ownership of real-estate on Nantucket,

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Cape Wind, Money, Celebrity, Class, Politics, and the Battle for Our Energy Future on Nantucket Sound

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Cape Wind: Money, Celebrity, Class, Politics and the Battle for Our Energy Future on Nantucket Sound.

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conditionally endorsed the project in March 2006 as safe for birds, but asked for further studies.

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At the time the project was envisioned, 45% of the Cape region's electricity came from the nearby

3678: 3663: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3563: 3528: 3443: 2586: 1946: 1088: 961: 949: 933: 929: 925: 779: 714:, in a break from other Kennedy family members, announced his support for the Cape Wind project. 676: 351: 3059:"Massachusetts residents strongly prefer wind, solar, and gas over oil, coal, and nuclear power" 2690: 2322: 2028: 1469: 618:

Utility agreed to a PPA equivalent of 129 MW capacity, a demand from PUC for allowing NSTAR and

3725: 3628: 3548: 3503: 3483: 3458: 3448: 3438: 3428: 3418: 3398: 3383: 3373: 3363: 3264: 1644:"Barnstable judge validates Cape Wind's MEPA Certificate", Nantucket Independent, 25 June 2008. 1103: 957: 953: 937: 542: 347: 304: 2893: 2886: 2510: 2305: 400:

The best wind resources in Massachusetts, by far, are offshore. The Cape Wind site is between

3653: 3648: 3618: 3608: 3568: 3543: 3453: 3403: 3358: 3337: 3080:"Support for Cape Wind Project Has Collapsed Since 2007 – New England Ratepayers Association" 1437: 695: 691: 249: 3668: 3207:

Offshore Wind Updates: Cape Wind Financing, Deepwater Proposal, Massive UK Project Approvals

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24 May 2006, Jay M. Cashman, owner of a large construction company that built part of the

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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declined to approve Cape Wind without further study of the impact by the developers.

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Wendy Williams and Robert Whitcomb wrote a book about the project's history called

790: 699: 582: 3270: 1863: 1068: 1032:, some opponents of the Cape Wind project expressed interest in the Cashman plan. 881:

residents agreed that the state should be "a national leader in using cleaner and

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Joseph Kennedy III Breaks from Family's Position, Declares Support for Cape Wind

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The Saga Behind Cape Wind; Growing Opportunities in the Renewable Energy Sector

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On 7 January 2011, Cape Wind announced it had received permits from the US

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Parts of this article (those related to Canal Generating Plant) need to be

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Cape Cod Chamber Poll Finds 55% Opposed to Controversial Cape Wind Project

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Supporters of the project, led by the non-profit grassroots organization

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Cape Wind :: America's First Offshore Wind Farm on Nantucket Sound

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Whitcomb, Robert; Wendy M. Williams; Robert F. Whitcomb (May 2007).

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Massachusetts OK power deal in another win for offshore wind project

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A feature-length documentary about the Cape Wind project, entitled

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is within sight of the proposed wind farm, wrote an essay for the

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where electrical power generation from oil is rare and power from

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Funds and New Timetable for Offshore Wind Farm in Massachusetts

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United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts

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Secretary Salazar Initiates Final Review of Cape Wind Proposal

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Favorable Cape Wind Decision Upheld By Supreme Judicial Court

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Cape Wind after it had passed key federal review thresholds.

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to the north and the islands of Nantucket, to the south, and

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Johnson, Carolyn Y.; Ellement, John R. (December 29, 2011).

1175:"Wind Power Rivals Coal With $ 1 Billion Order From Buffett" 2798:"Mitt Romney confirms he would end US wind power subsidies" 2442:. Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound. 2007. Archived from 1385: 2182:"Cape Wind Project Suffers Loss at Federal Appeals Court" 2039: 1604:(media release), CapeWind.org website, December 18, 2006. 824:

in the U. On 6 December 2003 the film made its world and

2981:. Cape Wind Associates. November 6, 2008. Archived from 2417:. Org2.democracyinaction.org. 2011-08-24. Archived from 1923:"FAA rules Cape Wind project poses no hazard to planes" 1616:, AmericanCityandCounty.com website, December 19, 2006. 774:

An article by Grist.org on 17 July 2012 explained that

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Cape Wind had arranged to borrow $ 2 billion from

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featured aerial footage of the offshore wind farm at

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Buildings and structures in Nantucket, Massachusetts

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Nation's First Off-Shore Wind Farm Wins Court Battle

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Cape Wind Deadline: Headwinds for Offshore Turbines

3209:, RenewableEnergyWorld.com website, March 27, 2014. 2280: 2885: 2492:"Cronkite urges full review of wind farm proposal" 1234:Cape Wind, first U.S. offshore wind farm, approved 1140: 1138: 721:, Vice President and Editorial Page Editor of the 638:destination, it was criticized for disguising (or 2653: 2651: 1807: 900:Clean renewable energy was widely supported over 3923: 2066:, 23 November 2010. Retrieved: 23 November 2010. 2043:, 23 November 2010. Retrieved: 23 November 2010. 1821:Associated Press. April 27, 2010. Archived from 1406:"Offsetting carbon emissions, one ton at a time" 1109:List of offshore wind farms in the United States 868: 535:US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 16:Proposed offshore wind farm in Massachusetts, US 2979:"Cape Wind Wins 87% of Vote in Ballot Question" 2606:Young Kennedy Breaks with Family Over Cape Wind 2277:, 16 February 2012. Accessed: 19 February 2012. 1730: 1193: 1135: 1011: 426:At the state and local level, according to the 2648: 2415:"Salsa Labs | Ingredients for Organizing" 2208:, 13 October 2010. Retrieved: 14 October 2010. 1518:"Bouchard under fire for 'outrageous' actions" 1305:(CNN) "The wind man who beat Cape Cod's elite" 1285: 538:planning, even without full federal approval. 514:On 28 April 2010, at a news conference in the 476:. The Army Corps eventually presented a draft 252:, which was expiring at the end of the year. 3286: 3124:House passes $ 34B energy-water spending bill 2054:Cape Wind wins approval of deal to sell power 1733:"Cape Wind buoyed as SJC allows utility deal" 690:or the mainland and that it raised issues of 2951:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2579:"Cape Wind Has Powerful Critics, Supporters" 1654:Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Board 1628:"Cape Cod panel denies permit for wind farm" 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 612:Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities 596: 421: 2768: 1249: 749:2006 election for Governor of Massachusetts 3293: 3279: 2868: 2527: 2299: 2297: 2270:Cape Wind to proceed after 129MW NStar PPA 3013: 1460:"Report: Wind farm could ease gas demand" 1272: 1202:"Deal reached on lead bank for Cape Wind" 498:On 4 January 2010, US Interior Secretary 3947:Proposed wind farms in the United States 3932:Offshore wind farms in the United States 3151:, 18 July 2014. Accessed: 19 July 2014. 3130:, 11 July 2014. Accessed: 19 July 2014. 2316: 2188: 1879:"Massachusetts: F.A.A. Clears Wind Farm" 1673:"General Laws: CHAPTER 164, Section 69H" 1541: 1539: 1379: 1360: 1226: 1177:. Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from 395: 2546: 2340: 2294: 1895: 1844:Seelye, Katharine Q. (April 28, 2010). 1457: 1199: 785:In the 2012 Massachusetts Senate race, 3924: 3106:"Cape Wind backers blew right by cost" 3097: 3014:Wirzbicki, Alan (September 27, 2010). 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2822:"Rivals split on environmental issues" 2795: 2697:, 6 May 2014. Accessed: 19 July 2014. 2489: 2463: 2306:"Longtime Cape Wind spokesman resigns" 2303: 2217: 2076:Cape Wind Completes Permitting Process 2046: 1876: 1843: 1754: 1626:Ebbert, Stephanie (October 19, 2007). 1625: 1548:"Cape Wind moves on to federal review" 1545: 1361:Salamone, Charlie (October 31, 2002). 1323: 1148:. Cape Wind Associates. Archived from 3274: 3103: 3016:"In poll, edge goes to sales tax cut" 2926:MA, Civil Society Institute, Newton. 2873:. WCAI: Cape and Islands NPR Station. 2838: 2691:New wind for Danish project in the US 2680:, 2 May 2014. Accessed: 19 July 2014. 2576: 2490:Ebbert, Stephanie (August 29, 2003). 2386: 2262: 2122:"Wampanoag tribe sues over Cape Wind" 2021: 2008: 1877:Seelye, Katharine Q. (May 17, 2010). 1711: 1536: 1246:, 28 April 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010 984:of more expensive renewable sources. 850:Cape Spin: An American Power Struggle 828:premiere at the Lillie Auditorium in 762:opponent, former Lieutenant Governor 710:In 2012, then-candidate for Congress 430:, Cape Wind needed approval from the 3904: 3145:American politicians tease Cape Wind 2959: 2508: 2457: 2304:Legere, Christine (March 12, 2015). 2243: 1546:Ebbert, Stephanie (March 31, 2007). 1515: 1288:"Two utilities opt out of Cape Wind" 1168: 1166: 845:also covered the Cape Wind project. 801:In 2003 a documentary film entitled 504:National Register of Historic Places 467: 266: 3184:Proposed Wind Farms in Buzzards Bay 3174:, Boston.com website, May 24, 2006. 2910: 2464:Levitz, Jennifer (10 August 2012). 2389:"Audubon review supports wind farm" 2323:Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound 2101:. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 1580:. November 21, 2007. Archived from 1489: 1286:O'Sullivan, Jim (January 7, 2015). 1200:Cassidy, Patrick (March 19, 2013). 1172: 412: 13: 3952:Political history of Massachusetts 3199: 3032: 2968:, Civil Society Institute website. 2577:Conte, Frank (September 1, 2006). 2466:"Cape Cod Wind Farm Tiptoes Ahead" 2246:"Selling Cape Wind's Future Wares" 1942:"Cape Cod Wind Farm Tiptoes Ahead" 1939: 1494:. Endgame Research. Archived from 1269:, 1 May 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2010 735:abuse of the democratic process." 14: 3973: 3260:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 3239: 2672:CIVIL ACTION NO. 14 – 10148 – RGS 2528:Doyle, Tim (September 21, 2006). 2119: 2099:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 2011:"Cape Wind awarded federal lease" 1163: 591:National Environmental Policy Act 551:National Environmental Policy Act 3903: 3892: 3891: 3879: 3577: 3323:United States Wind Energy Policy 3313:American Wind Energy Association 3104:Daley, Beth (October 10, 2010). 2871:"Sean Corcoran's Cape Wind Blog" 2511:"Storm Over Mass. Windmill Plan" 2244:Wald, Matthew L. (May 7, 2010). 2218:Seelye, Katharine (2014-12-13). 1896:Lindsay, Jay (28 October 2011). 1324:Chesto, Jon (December 1, 2017). 1081: 1067: 1053: 796: 769: 742: 364:unlike most of the United States 271: 246:The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ 3302:Wind power in the United States 3177: 3165:Buzzards Bay Wind Farm Proposed 3158: 3137: 3116: 3086:from the original on 2016-05-19 3072: 3051: 3026: 3007: 2996: 2971: 2877: 2862: 2832: 2814: 2789: 2762: 2733: 2704: 2683: 2664: 2622: 2599: 2570: 2540: 2521: 2502: 2483: 2432: 2407: 2380: 2361: 2334: 2237: 2211: 2196:Changing Tides in Offshore Wind 2174: 2144: 2113: 2087: 2069: 2009:Daley, Beth (October 6, 2010). 2002: 1981: 1960: 1933: 1915: 1889: 1870: 1856: 1837: 1789: 1724: 1712:Daley, Beth (August 31, 2010). 1705: 1686: 1665: 1647: 1638: 1619: 1607: 1588: 1566: 1509: 1483: 1451: 1422: 1398: 1354: 573:Environmental Protection Agency 560:On 22 November 2010, a 15-year 527:Federal Aviation Administration 141:24 sq mi (62 km) 3731:Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind 3267:showing transportation context 2925: 2387:Daley, Beth (March 29, 2006). 1693:Key Wind Farm Permits Approved 1458:Leaning, John (July 4, 2004). 1336: 1317: 1314:, CNN website, April 29, 2010. 1298: 747:Cape Wind was an issue in the 629: 478:Environmental Impact Statement 229:project on Horseshoe Shoal in 204:(archived on February 2, 2017) 1: 3333:Offshore wind farms in the US 3128:Environmental and energy news 2769:Philip Bump (July 17, 2012). 2741:"Renewable Energy Revolution" 2718:. Sep 9, 2006. Archived from 2689:Bindslev, Joachim Claushøj. " 2343:"Cape Wind: Don't be tricked" 2341:Cassidy, Chris (2010-10-30). 1129: 1016:According to a report in the 869:Public opinion survey results 835:Satirical news correspondent 758:, supported the project; his 651:Massachusetts Audubon Society 3143:Johansen, Mathias Ørsborg. " 2796:Murray, James (2012-08-02). 2509:Neal, Rome (June 26, 2003). 1041:began construction in 2021. 1012:Other Cape Cod wind projects 875:Opinion Research Corporation 7: 3957:Wind farms in Massachusetts 3252:(archived February 2, 2017) 1815:"Fate of Cape Wind Decided" 1783:Minerals Management Service 1348:September 23, 2006, at the 1124:Wind power in Massachusetts 1044: 486:Minerals Management Service 315:Hole Group, K2 Management, 10: 3978: 3222:website, December 5, 2013. 3193:, BuzzardsBay.org website. 2892:. Public Affairs. p. 2611:November 15, 2016, at the 2552:"An Ill Wind Off Cape Cod" 2377:. Retrieved on 2009-05-12. 2201:December 23, 2014, at the 1600:February 25, 2012, at the 1395:. Retrieved on 2009-05-12. 1239:November 21, 2010, at the 642:) its industrial aspects. 490:Department of the Interior 474:US Army Corps of Engineers 3873: 3790:Aermotor Windmill Company 3782: 3712: 3586: 3575: 3346: 3308: 3035:"So whom do you believe?" 1099:Energy Policy Act of 2005 614:(PUC). In February 2012, 597:Power purchase agreements 547:Migratory Bird Treaty Act 422:State and local approvals 208: 197: 192: 176: 154: 150: 145: 137: 129: 121: 111: 106: 98: 90: 53: 38: 30: 26: 21: 3937:Nantucket, Massachusetts 3835:NextEra Energy Resources 3225:Seelyefeb, Katharine Q. 3061:. Mass Inc Polling Group 2328:January 6, 2011, at the 1970:. Indiancountrytoday.com 1776:August 23, 2011, at the 1430:"Canal Generating Plant" 855: 603:power purchase agreement 562:power purchase agreement 516:Massachusetts Statehouse 262: 159:Make and model 133:364 ft (111 m) 3840:Ørsted US Offshore Wind 3189:April 22, 2014, at the 2966:Civil Society Institute 2587:The Heartland Institute 2470:The Wall Street Journal 2373:April 22, 2016, at the 1947:The Wall Street Journal 1089:Renewable energy portal 987: 820:and footage of various 793:supported the project. 601:Cape Wind had signed a 569:Army Corps of Engineers 178:Nameplate capacity 125:285 ft (87 m) 3726:Block Island Wind Farm 3170:March 4, 2016, at the 2635:March 8, 2016, at the 2081:March 9, 2012, at the 2059:March 3, 2016, at the 2034:March 5, 2016, at the 1766:July 15, 2010, at the 1698:March 6, 2012, at the 1659:June 26, 2010, at the 1375:on September 23, 2006. 1310:March 3, 2016, at the 1262:March 3, 2016, at the 1104:Block Island Wind Farm 543:Endangered Species Act 409: 348:Canal Generating Plant 327:(MW) of electricity. 305:Mashpee, Massachusetts 3886:Wind power portal 3338:Wind Powering America 2670:Stearns, Richard G. " 2619:, September 10, 2012. 2583:Budget & Tax News 2550:(December 16, 2005). 1991:. Doi.gov. 2010-10-06 1801:May 27, 2010, at the 1702:retrieved 4 June 2009 696:Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 692:environmental justice 399: 250:production tax credit 146:Power generation 3783:Wind power companies 3775:(Under construction) 3769:(Under construction) 3328:Wind farms in the US 3235:, February 26, 2014. 2645:, September 1, 2012. 1584:on February 9, 2009. 1516:LaPlante, Joseph R. 1391:May 7, 2016, at the 1255:Jackson, Derrick Z. 1181:on December 17, 2013 1061:United States portal 1006:export credit agency 581:In Summer 2011, the 227:offshore wind energy 102:Cape Wind Associates 3713:Offshore wind farms 3347:Wind power by state 3219:National Geographic 2548:Kennedy, Robert Jr. 2132:on November 3, 2012 1929:on August 17, 2012. 1326:"R.I.P., Cape Wind" 1257:The winds of change 967:A 2010 poll by the 910:energy conservation 620:Northeast Utilities 531:Otis Air Force Base 518:alongside governor 444:Cape Cod Commission 432:Cape Cod Commission 193:External links 130:Rotor diameter 71: / 3865:Wind Capital Group 3318:NASA wind turbines 3256:Cape Wind overview 3232:The New York Times 2842:(August 7, 2007). 2628:Sampson, Zachary. 2557:The New York Times 2530:"Koch's New Fight" 2250:The New York Times 2224:The New York Times 2052:Cassidy, Patrick. 1940:Levitz, Jennifer. 1898:"Associated Press" 1883:The New York Times 1850:The New York Times 1761:MMS Cape Wind page 1523:The Standard-Times 1492:"Major Oil Spills" 1434:Mirant Corporation 1146:"Cape Wind Basics" 724:Providence Journal 712:Joseph Kennedy III 675:, and businessman 671:, former Governor 410: 169:Units planned 163:Siemens Wind Power 3942:Martha's Vineyard 3919: 3918: 3850:UGE International 3684:San Gorgonio Pass 3212:Handwerk, Brian. 2903:978-1-58648-397-5 2440:"Nantucket Sound" 2421:on April 30, 2011 2274:Windpower Monthly 2206:Power Engineering 2194:Dotson, Sharryn. 2064:South Coast Today 2027:Vaughan, Ashley. 1490:Draffan, George. 1386:Cape Wind website 698:, whose family's 688:Martha's Vineyard 488:(MMS) within the 468:Federal approvals 406:Martha's Vineyard 336:Martha's Vineyard 301: 300: 223:Cape Wind Project 219: 218: 75:41.542°N 70.321°W 42:Horseshoe Shoal, 3969: 3907: 3906: 3895: 3894: 3884: 3883: 3587:Large wind farms 3581: 3295: 3288: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3251: 3250: 3248:Official website 3194: 3181: 3175: 3162: 3156: 3155:on 19 July 2014. 3141: 3135: 3134:on 19 July 2014. 3122:Juliano, Nick. " 3120: 3114: 3113: 3110:The Boston Globe 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3020:The Boston Globe 3011: 3005: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2950: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2930:. Archived from 2923: 2908: 2907: 2891: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2869:Corcoran, Sean. 2866: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2856: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2828:on May 21, 2014. 2824:. Archived from 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2808: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2747:. Archived from 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2727: 2708: 2702: 2701:on 19 July 2014. 2687: 2681: 2668: 2662: 2657:Lacey, Stephen. 2655: 2646: 2642:The Boston Globe 2626: 2620: 2617:The Breakthrough 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2496:The Boston Globe 2487: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2401: 2394:The Boston Globe 2384: 2378: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2338: 2332: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2278: 2268:Quilter, James. 2266: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2256: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2215: 2209: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2158:. Archived from 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2128:. Archived from 2126:The Boston Globe 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2091: 2085: 2073: 2067: 2050: 2044: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2015:The Boston Globe 2006: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1975: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1954: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1925:. Archived from 1919: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1811: 1805: 1793: 1787: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1739:. Archived from 1737:The Boston Globe 1728: 1722: 1721: 1718:The Boston Globe 1709: 1703: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1669: 1663: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1632:The Boston Globe 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1578:The Boston Globe 1570: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1553:The Boston Globe 1543: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1468:. Archived from 1455: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1436:. Archived from 1426: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1416: 1402: 1396: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1368:. Archived from 1367: 1358: 1352: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1330:The Boston Globe 1321: 1315: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1292:The Boston Globe 1283: 1270: 1267:The Boston Globe 1253: 1247: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1210:. Archived from 1197: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1173:Gossens, Ehren. 1170: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1142: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1063: 1058: 1057: 1056: 883:renewable energy 791:Elizabeth Warren 700:Kennedy Compound 610:approval by the 482:2005 Energy Bill 413:Approval process 378:is more common. 296: 293: 287: 275: 274: 267: 212:edit on Wikidata 86: 85: 83: 82: 81: 76: 72: 69: 68: 67: 64: 19: 18: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3878: 3869: 3778: 3749:SouthCoast Wind 3708: 3614:Capricorn Ridge 3582: 3573: 3342: 3304: 3299: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3202: 3200:Further reading 3197: 3191:Wayback Machine 3182: 3178: 3172:Wayback Machine 3163: 3159: 3142: 3138: 3121: 3117: 3102: 3098: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3064: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3031: 3027: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2997: 2988: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2944: 2943: 2937: 2935: 2924: 2911: 2904: 2882: 2878: 2867: 2863: 2854: 2852: 2837: 2833: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2806: 2804: 2794: 2790: 2781: 2779: 2767: 2763: 2754: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2725: 2723: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2688: 2684: 2669: 2665: 2656: 2649: 2637:Wayback Machine 2627: 2623: 2613:Wayback Machine 2604: 2600: 2591: 2589: 2575: 2571: 2562: 2560: 2545: 2541: 2526: 2522: 2507: 2503: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2399: 2397: 2385: 2381: 2375:Wayback Machine 2368:Clean Power Now 2366: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2339: 2335: 2330:Wayback Machine 2321: 2317: 2302: 2295: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2267: 2263: 2254: 2252: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2216: 2212: 2203:Wayback Machine 2193: 2189: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2083:Wayback Machine 2074: 2070: 2061:Wayback Machine 2051: 2047: 2036:Wayback Machine 2026: 2022: 2007: 2003: 1994: 1992: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1973: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1952: 1950: 1938: 1934: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1894: 1890: 1875: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1819:Washington D.C. 1813: 1812: 1808: 1803:Wayback Machine 1794: 1790: 1786:, January 2009. 1778:Wayback Machine 1768:Wayback Machine 1759: 1755: 1746: 1744: 1729: 1725: 1710: 1706: 1700:Wayback Machine 1691: 1687: 1678: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1661:Wayback Machine 1652: 1648: 1643: 1639: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1602:Wayback Machine 1593: 1589: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1558: 1556: 1544: 1537: 1528: 1526: 1514: 1510: 1501: 1499: 1488: 1484: 1475: 1473: 1456: 1452: 1443: 1441: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1414: 1412: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1393:Wayback Machine 1384: 1380: 1372: 1365: 1359: 1355: 1350:Wayback Machine 1341: 1337: 1322: 1318: 1312:Wayback Machine 1303: 1299: 1284: 1273: 1264:Wayback Machine 1254: 1250: 1241:Wayback Machine 1231: 1227: 1217: 1215: 1198: 1194: 1184: 1182: 1171: 1164: 1155: 1153: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1132: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1047: 1014: 990: 871: 858: 810:Wind Over Water 804:Wind Over Water 799: 772: 745: 719:Robert Whitcomb 717:A 2007 book by 665:Walter Cronkite 647:Clean Power Now 632: 599: 583:Wampanoag Tribe 470: 424: 415: 297: 291: 288: 285: 276: 272: 265: 231:Nantucket Sound 225:was a proposed 215: 188: 122:Hub height 107:Wind farm 80:41.542; -70.321 79: 77: 73: 70: 65: 62: 60: 58: 57: 44:Nantucket Sound 17: 12: 11: 5: 3975: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3845:Siemens Gamesa 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3815:Infigen Energy 3812: 3807: 3802: 3800:Bluewater Wind 3797: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3723: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3704:Tehachapi Pass 3701: 3696: 3694:Shepherds Flat 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3659:Papalote Creek 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3489:North Carolina 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3298: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3262: 3253: 3241: 3240:External links 3238: 3237: 3236: 3223: 3210: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3176: 3157: 3147:" (in Danish) 3136: 3115: 3096: 3071: 3050: 3039:Cape Cod Today 3025: 3006: 2995: 2970: 2958: 2909: 2902: 2876: 2861: 2849:The Daily Show 2831: 2813: 2788: 2776:Grist Magazine 2761: 2745:Cape Cod Today 2732: 2716:Cape Cod Today 2703: 2693:" (in Danish) 2682: 2663: 2647: 2621: 2598: 2569: 2539: 2520: 2501: 2482: 2456: 2431: 2406: 2379: 2360: 2333: 2315: 2310:Cape Cod Times 2293: 2279: 2261: 2236: 2210: 2187: 2173: 2156:Cape Cod Today 2143: 2112: 2086: 2068: 2045: 2020: 2001: 1980: 1959: 1932: 1914: 1888: 1869: 1855: 1836: 1806: 1788: 1753: 1723: 1704: 1685: 1664: 1646: 1637: 1618: 1606: 1587: 1565: 1535: 1508: 1482: 1465:Cape Cod Times 1450: 1421: 1397: 1378: 1353: 1335: 1316: 1297: 1271: 1248: 1225: 1207:Cape Cod Times 1192: 1162: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1119:Mayflower Wind 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1093: 1092: 1078: 1075:Weather portal 1064: 1049: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1013: 1010: 989: 986: 870: 867: 857: 854: 842:The Daily Show 798: 795: 771: 768: 766:, opposed it. 751:. The winner, 744: 741: 704:New York Times 631: 628: 598: 595: 469: 466: 423: 420: 414: 411: 408:, to the west. 299: 298: 279: 277: 270: 264: 261: 217: 216: 209: 206: 205: 199: 195: 194: 190: 189: 187: 186: 182: 180: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 143: 142: 139: 138:Site area 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 115: 109: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 92: 88: 87: 55: 51: 50: 40: 36: 35: 32: 28: 27: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3974: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3912: 3911: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3825:National Wind 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3773:Vineyard Wind 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3721: 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