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best efforts to find an alternative have failed. A continuing sharing of knowledge, review of the literature, and adherence to the
Russell-Burch '3R' tenet of 'Replacement, Reduction and Refinement' are also requisites. Those using animals should employ the most humans methods on the smallest number of appropriate animals required to obtain valid information.
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The use of animals in research, teaching, and testing is acceptable only if it promises to contribute to understanding of fundamental biological principles, or to the development of knowledge that can reasonable by expected to benefit humans or animals. Animals should be used only if the researcher's
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The CCAC uses assessment panels, which meet with personnel from research institutions such as colleges and universities, to evaluate animal care and use within the facilities. While there, the panels interview individual investigators and observe specific techniques. If an institution does not meet
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are used in Canada are subject to the requirements of the CCAC; however, research can be exempt if shown to be necessary. The CCAC was funded entirely by annual grants from the
Medical Research Council and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, two of Canada's largest granting
105:. Its initial goal was to "investigate the care and use of experimental animals in Canada", with a mandate "to work for the improvement of animal care and use on a Canada-wide basis". The organization is a non-legislated, participatory,
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90:) is a Canadian organization that is responsible for "setting and maintaining standards for the care and use of animals in science" within the country. The organization provides
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the standards set by the CCAC, then the CCAC issues recommendations to the offending institution, typically for housekeeping or facility maintenance concerns.
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for the usage of nonhuman animals in laboratories. Its goal is to prevent harmful conduct on animals.
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system—all experimental care and use of animals in Canada is subject to its rules and regulations.
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186:"The Canadian Council on Animal Care's Code of Ethics: A Critical Evaluation"
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The organization explains its position on the use of animals in research:
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Ernest D. Olfert, DVM; Brenda M. Cross, DVM; A. Ann McWilliam (1993).
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217:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Canadian Council on Animal Care.
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agencies, from the organization's inception in 1968 to 1994.
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230:"Laboratory Animal Care Policies and Regulations"
215:Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals
163:. Canadian Council on Animal Care. Archived from
124:Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals
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278:Scientific organizations established in 1968
273:Animal welfare organizations based in Canada
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188:. Medical Research Modernization Committee
97:The CCAC was established in 1968 by the
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122:Canadian Council on Animal Care,
84:Canadian Council on Animal Care
20:Canadian Council on Animal Care
232:. Ilar Journal. Archived from
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99:National Research Council
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103:Medical Research Council
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101:at the request of the
161:"Welcome to the CCAC"
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16:Canadian organization
228:Wong, James (1997).
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134:Research in which
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92:ethical standards
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258:Official website
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75:Official website
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236:on May 16, 2008
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48:Ottawa, Ontario
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252:External links
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62:Region served
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167:on 2009-08-22
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238:. Retrieved
234:the original
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169:. Retrieved
165:the original
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25:Abbreviation
140:cephalopods
136:vertebrates
107:peer review
267:Categories
240:2009-10-18
192:2009-10-18
171:2009-10-18
147:References
33:Formation
120:—
41:Location
71:Website
66:Canada
52:Canada
88:CCAC
82:The
36:1968
28:CCAC
138:or
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201:^
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174:.
86:(
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