1108:
1694:, fearing that the emperor's presence with overwhelming military force would constrain him to make an act of homage and formally recognise Byzantine suzerainty over his kingdom, begged the emperor to bring only a modest escort. Fulk cited the inability of his largely barren kingdom to support the passage of a substantial army. This lukewarm response resulted in John II deciding to postpone his pilgrimage. John descended rapidly on northern Syria, forcing Joscelin II of Edessa to render hostages, including his daughter, as a guarantee of his good behaviour. He then advanced on Antioch demanding that the city and its citadel be surrendered to him. Raymond of Poitiers played for time, putting the proposal to the vote of the Antiochene general assembly. With the season well advanced John decided to take his army into winter quarters in Cilicia, proposing to renew his attack on Antioch the following year.
630:, gathering the support of the citizenry on the way. The palace guard at first refused to admit John without clear proof of his father's wishes, however, the mob surrounding the new emperor simply forced an entry. In the palace John was acclaimed emperor. Irene, taken by surprise, was unable either to persuade her son to step down, or to induce Nikephoros to contend for the throne. However, this account of events, in particular the involvement of John's sister, in any palace coup attempt during the days around Alexios' death, has been disputed in a recent biography of Anna. The weight of historical opinion remains that Anna tried at least twice to usurp her brother's throne, resulting in her eventual perennial 'house arrest'. Anna later complained that John and his successor, her nephew Emperor Manuel, kept her isolated from society for 30 years.
638:. Axouch wisely declined and his influence ensured that Anna's property was eventually returned to her and that John II and his sister became reconciled, at least to a degree. Irene retired to a monastery and Anna seems to have been effectively removed from public life, taking up the less active occupation of historian. However, Nikephoros remained on good terms with his brother-in-law. One of the very few records of John's own words concerns the plot against him; he says that after ascending the throne, God "destroyed the cunning plots of my visible and invisible enemies and rescued me from every trap subjecting all my enemies under my feet". To safeguard his own succession, John
524:, "John the Good" or "John the Beautiful"; the epithet referred to his character. Both his parents were unusually pious and John surpassed them. Members of his court were expected to restrict their conversation to serious subjects only. The food served at the emperor's table was very frugal and John lectured courtiers who lived in excessive luxury. His speech was dignified, but he engaged in repartee on occasion. All accounts agree that he was a faithful husband to his wife, an unusual trait in a medieval ruler. Despite his personal austerity, John had a high conception of the imperial role and would appear in full ceremonial splendour when this was advantageous.
2388:
953:
761:
323:
1788:
1443:
1218:; many Hungarian troops were killed when a bridge they were crossing collapsed as they were fleeing from a Byzantine attack. Following this the Hungarians renewed hostilities by attacking Braničevo, which was immediately rebuilt by John. Further Byzantine military successes, Choniates mentions several engagements, resulted in a restoration of peace. The Byzantines were confirmed in their control of Braničevo, Belgrade and Zemun and they also recovered the region of
837:
811:, the Prince of Cilician Armenia. That Isaac was seeking aid from these princes in a bid to take the Byzantine throne by force is highly likely. Such a coalition did not materialise, but Isaac seems to have retained strong support in Constantinople. In 1132 John had to return from campaign in haste, when news reached him that conspirators in Constantinople had made an appeal to Isaac to become their ruler. The triumph that John celebrated following his capture of
1703:
1554:
941:
622:, herself harboured obvious aspirations to power and the throne. During Alexios' final illness both wife and daughter exploited his physical weakness to apply pressure on him in support of their agenda for the succession. Alexios endured these constant demands without formally changing his intended successor. As Alexios lay dying in the monastery of the Mangana on 15 August 1118, John, relying on trusted relatives, especially his brother
58:
1751:
589:
501:
670:), upon the accession of John II. The Grand Domestic was the commander in chief of the Byzantine armies. It has been suggested that references to Axouch's possession of the imperial seal early in the reign of John's successor Manuel I meant that he was, in addition to his military duties, the head of the civil administration of the Empire. This was an unofficial position known at the time as the
1119:, which had given the Italian republic unique and generous trading rights within the Byzantine Empire. Yet the change in policy was not motivated by financial concerns. An incident involving the abuse of a member of the imperial family by Venetians led to a dangerous conflict, especially as Byzantium had depended on Venice for its naval strength. After a Byzantine retaliatory attack on
1767:. According to this view, John's campaigns benefited the Byzantine Empire because they protected the empire's heartland, which lacked reliable borders, while gradually extending its territory in Asia Minor. The Turks were forced onto the defensive, while John kept his diplomatic situation relatively simple by allying with the Holy Roman Emperor against the Normans of Sicily.
1726:. It has been suggested that John was assassinated by a conspiracy within the units of his army of Latin origins who were unhappy at fighting their co-religionists of Antioch, and who wanted to place his pro-western son Manuel on the throne. However, there is very little overt support for this hypothesis in the primary sources. John's final action as emperor was to choose
1742:, which foretold that John's successor should be one whose name began with an "M". Fittingly, John's close friend John Axouch, although he is recorded as having tried hard to persuade the dying emperor that Isaac was the better candidate to succeed, was instrumental in ensuring that Manuel's assumption of power was free from any overt opposition.
1779:. Also, though it was relatively easy to extract submission and admissions of vassalage from the Anatolian Turks, Serbs and Crusader States of the Levant, converting these relationships into concrete gains for the security of the Empire had proven elusive. These problems were left for his gifted and mercurial son, Manuel, to attempt to solve.
2436:, written by his daughter Anna Komnene, who mentions her brother, John II, very briefly. The works of Byzantine historians John Kinnamos and Niketas Choniates both include very short chapters on the reign of John II, which act as prologues, before proceeding to much fuller accounts of later events, see Birkenmeier, pp. 2, 5–6, 15, 19.
717:, the latter two also became his sons-in-law. John's marriage policy, of bringing new families into the imperial orbit, may have been directed towards lessening the influence of certain prominent aristocratic clans, such as the Doukas, Diogenes and Melissenos families, some of which had produced emperors themselves in the past.
978:) in Constantinople. This monastery, with its three churches, has been described as one of the most important and influential architectural constructions of Middle Byzantine Constantinople. Attached to the monastery was a hospital, of 5 wards, open to people of all social classes. The hospital was staffed by trained
1656:. Latin and Muslim sources describe John's energy and personal courage in prosecuting the siege. The city was taken, but the citadel defied assault. The Emir of Shaizar offered to pay a large indemnity, become John's vassal, and pay yearly tribute. John had lost all confidence in his allies, and a Muslim army under
778:, Isaac later became estranged from his brother and became an active conspirator. With trusted advisors of his own choosing, such as John Axouch, and later the support of his son and co-emperor, Alexios, John II offered no meaningful role to Isaac in the governance of the empire. In the reign of Alexios I
1185:
in Asia Minor to serve as military colonists. This was done partly to cow the Serbs into submission (Serbia was, at least nominally, a
Byzantine protectorate), and partly to strengthen the Byzantine frontier in the east against the Turks. The Serbs were forced to acknowledge Byzantine suzerainty once
887:
John's penchant for interfering with his wife's family, the rulers of
Hungary, was problematic. The welcome accorded to ousted claimants of the Hungarian throne in Constantinople was seen by the Byzantines as a useful insurance policy and source of political leverage. However, the Hungarians treated
911:
of the Levant it was generally admitted that the
Byzantine claims over Antioch were legally valid, though it was pragmatically viewed that only when the Byzantine emperor was in a position to enforce them militarily were they likely to be recognised in practice. The high point of John's diplomacy in
782:
had wielded considerable power and Isaac would have had an expectation of a similar level of authority being devolved on himself. This thwarted ambition is probably what disillusioned Isaac with his brother's rule. Isaac aimed at replacing his brother as emperor. In 1130 John became aware of a plot
654:
The family intrigues that challenged his succession to the throne probably contributed to John's approach to rulership, which was to appoint men from outside the imperial family to high office. This was a radical departure from the methods of his father, who had used the imperial family and its many
548:
by the
Patriarch. He was named John and his father then crowned him with a diadem". At a young age he was associated with his father as co-emperor, sometime between 1 September and early November, 1092. The first act in the name of both emperors was issued on 15 November 1092. The occasion of John's
527:
John was famed for his piety and his remarkably mild and just reign. He is considered an exceptional example of a moral ruler, at a time when cruelty was the norm. He is reputed never to have condemned anyone to death or mutilation. Charity was dispensed lavishly. For this reason, he has been called
1177:, then invaded Byzantium's Balkan provinces in 1127, with hostilities lasting until 1129; however, an alternative chronology has been suggested with the Hungarian attack and Byzantine retaliation taking place in 1125 with a renewal of hostilities in 1126. John launched a punitive raid against the
1492:
from 1130 to 1135. Thanks to his energetic campaigning, Turkish attempts at expansion in Asia Minor were halted, and John prepared to take the fight to the enemy. In order to restore the region to
Byzantine control, he led a series of well planned and executed campaigns against the Turks, one of
1505:
were recovered and garrisoned. Yet resistance, particularly from the
Danishmends of the northeast, was strong, and the difficult nature of holding the new conquests is illustrated by the fact that Kastamonu was recaptured by the Turks even as John was in Constantinople celebrating its return to
634:
John II uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow him which implicated his mother and sister. Anna's husband
Nikephoros had little sympathy with her ambitions, and it was his lack of support which doomed the conspiracy. Anna was stripped of her property, which was offered to the emperor's friend
633:
Alexios died the night following his son's decisive move to take power. John refused to attend his father's funeral, despite the pleas of his mother, because he feared a counter-coup. However, in the space of a few days, his position seemed secure. Within a year of his accession, however,
680:
or 'prime-minister.' Such an appointment was remarkable, and a radical departure from the nepotism that had characterised the reign of
Alexios I. The imperial family harboured some degree of resentment at this decision, which was reinforced by the fact that they were required to make
572:, Macedonia. The question arises as to why the birth was not in Constantinople. It is reasonably supposed that John did not wish to leave his unsupported wife under the control of his mother, who would have had authority in Constantinople in the absence of both emperors. In 1108, the
720:
Despite his move away from close reliance on the imperial family and its connections, John's court and government had many similarities to that of his father, not least in its serious tone and piety. Indeed, an extant collection of political advice couched in poetic form, called the
1770:
Overall, it is clear that John II Komnenos left the empire a great deal better off than he had found it. By the time of his death substantial territories had been recovered, and the goals of the recovery of control over central
Anatolia and the re-establishment of a frontier on the
2454:
The primary sources, Kinnamos and
Choniates, give little detail about this campaign, no dates are specified, and what they do say differs considerably. The chronology presented here, 1127–1129, follows that of Angold and other scholars, Fine has the events taking place earlier, in
1609:, hastened northwards to pay homage to John, repeating the homage that his predecessor had given John's father in 1109. There then followed a joint campaign as John led the armies of Byzantium, Antioch, and Edessa against Muslim Syria. Aleppo proved too strong to attack during an
969:
and the church hierarchy. Only when religion impinged directly on imperial policy, as in relations with the papacy and the possible union of the Greek and Latin churches, did John take an active part. He organised a number of disputations between Greek and Latin theologians.
1762:
he stresses the wisdom of John's approach to warfare, which focused on sieges rather than risking pitched battles. Birkenmeier argues that John's strategy of launching annual campaigns with limited, realistic objectives was a more sensible one than that followed by his son
1673:. Joscelin and Raymond conspired to delay the promised handover of Antioch's citadel to the emperor, stirring up popular unrest in the city directed at John and the local Greek community. John had little choice but to leave Syria with his ambitions only partially realised.
453:. John's campaigns fundamentally changed the balance of power in the east, forcing the Turks onto the defensive; they also led to the recapture of many towns, fortresses and cities across the Anatolian peninsula. In the southeast, John extended Byzantine control from the
1151:. Eventually John was forced to come to terms; the war was costing him more than it was worth, and he was not prepared to transfer funds from the imperial land forces to the navy for the construction of new ships. John re-confirmed the treaty of 1082, in August 1126.
815:
in 1133 can be seen as being a public affirmation of John's legitimacy as emperor embodied in the celebration of the defeat of external foes. The brothers were briefly reconciled in 1138, and Isaac returned to Constantinople; however, a year later Isaac was exiled to
1640:. The Crusader Princes were suspicious of each other and of John, and neither wanted the other to gain from participating in the campaign. Raymond also wanted to hold on to Antioch, which he had agreed to hand over to John if the campaign was successful in capturing
1046:
Though he fought a number of notable pitched battles, the military strategy of John II relied on taking and holding fortified settlements in order to construct defensible frontiers. John personally conducted approximately twenty five sieges during his reign.
532:. By the example of his personal morality and piety he effected a notable improvement in the manners of his age. Descriptions of him and his actions indicate that he had great self-control and personal courage, and was an excellent strategist and general.
903:
provided troops for John's attack on the Danishmend-held city of Kastamuni (reoccupied immediately after the Byzantine conquest of 1133), however, the alliance proved unreliable as the Seljuq troops abandoned the expedition, decamping during the night.
600:
in 1118. Despite his earlier coronation as co-emperor, the accession of John was contested. That Alexios I favoured John to succeed him is made obvious by the elevation of his son to the position of co-emperor. However, Alexios' influential wife,
1689:
died of a fever. Having secured his route, John embarked on a new expedition into Syria determined to reduce Antioch to direct imperial rule. This expedition included a planned pilgrimage to Jerusalem on which he intended to take his army. King
731:
are addressed directly to John II and exhort him, amongst other things, to maintain justice during his reign and a full treasury. Alexios' advice on rulership therefore continued to be available to his son, even after the old emperor's death.
688:
John's unwillingness to allow his family to influence his government to any great extent was to remain constant for the rest of his reign. John appointed a number of his father's former officials to senior administrative posts, men such as
964:
The reign of John II was taken up with almost constant warfare and, unlike his father who delighted in active participation in theological and doctrinal disputes, John appears to have been content to leave ecclesiastical matters to the
1099:, employing their famous axes to hack their way in. The battle put an effective end to the Pechenegs as an independent people; many of the captives taken in the conflict were settled as soldier-farmers within the Byzantine frontier.
735:
The increase in military security and economic stability within Byzantine western Anatolia created by John II's campaigns allowed him to begin the establishment of a formal provincial system in these regions. The theme (province) of
560:. She was given the Greek name Irene, meaning 'peace', in Byzantium. This marriage sealed a political alliance, which would strengthen Byzantium's position in the Balkans and Adriatic. In 1106 Alexios I was campaigning against the
662:, who had been given as a gift to John's father. Emperor Alexios had thought him a good companion for his son, and so he had been brought up alongside the prince in the imperial household. Axouch was immediately appointed
702:
701:. These were men who had been politically eclipsed during the ascendancy exercised by John's mother in the later years of the reign of Alexios I. A number of 'new men' were raised to prominence by John II, these included
483:
Under John, the empire's population recovered to about 10 million people. The quarter-century of John II's reign is less well recorded by contemporary or near-contemporary writers than the reigns of either his father,
425:, where John is described as a ruler who, "... combined clever prudence with purposeful energy ... and high principled beyond his day." In the course of the quarter-century of his reign, John made alliances with the
5643:
1005:
heresies characterised the last few years of the reign of Alexios I. No records from the reign of John mention such persecution, though countermeasures against heresy by the Byzantine Church remained in force. A
1810:. She played little part in government, devoting herself to piety and their large brood of children. Irene died on 13 August, 1134, and was later venerated as Saint Irene. John II and Irene had 8 children:
1660:
was approaching to try to relieve the city, therefore the emperor reluctantly accepted the offer. The emperor was distracted by a Seljuq raid on Cilicia and developments in the west, where he was pursuing a
973:
John, alongside his wife who shared in his religious and charitable works, is known to have undertaken church building on a considerable scale, including construction of the Monastery of Christ Pantokrator
1775:
seemed achievable. However some Greeks of the interior of Anatolia were becoming increasingly accustomed to Turkish rule and often found it preferable to that of Byzantium, as seen in the Battle of
6076:
2464:
Two rather ambiguous Byzantine rhetorical allusions were the basis of this theory – all contemporary historical writing unanimously agrees on an accidental cause for the death of John II.
480:; yet despite the great vigour with which he pressed the campaign, John's hopes were disappointed by the evasiveness of his Crusader allies and their reluctance to fight alongside his forces.
872:, was also party to the alliance of Lothair and John II. However, this alliance proved unable to resist Roger, who extracted by force a recognition of his royal title from the Pope in 1139 (
580:
to " ... the great Emperor Kyr Alexios Komnenos and of your thrice-loved son, Emperor Kyr John born in the purple". This leaves no doubt as to John's status as co-emperor and heir apparent.
1091:
was hard-fought, John was wounded in the leg by an arrow, but by the end of the day the Byzantine army had won a crushing victory. The decisive moment of the battle was when John led the
1632:
Although John fought hard for the Christian cause in the campaign in Syria, his allies Prince Raymond of Antioch and Count Joscelin II of Edessa remained in their camp playing
1545:, in 1140. The Byzantines were defeated by the conditions rather than by the Turks: the weather was very bad, large numbers of the army's horses died, and provisions became scarce.
1107:
1257:
884:, Conrad's sister-in-law, was chosen and despatched to Byzantium. At much the same time Roger II applied to John II for an imperial bride for his son, but was unsuccessful.
6086:
1501:. John quickly earned a formidable reputation as a wall-breaker, taking one stronghold after another from his enemies. Regions that had been lost to the empire since the
723:
1480:
Following the end of hostilities with Hungary, John was able to concentrate on Asia Minor during most of his remaining years. He undertook annual campaigns against the
6071:
1458:
Early in John's reign the Turks were pressing forward against the Byzantine frontier in western Asia Minor. In 1119, the Seljuqs had cut the land route to the city of
1011:
694:
982:
doctors rather than monks. The central of the three churches was the Komnenian funerary chapel, dedicated to St. Michael. It had twin domes, and is described in the
888:
this interference as a fighting matter. A Hungarian alliance with the Serbs produced serious consequences for continued Byzantine dominance in the western Balkans.
3874:
1087:, tricked them into believing that he would grant them a favourable treaty, and then launched a devastating surprise attack upon their fortified camp. The ensuing
1222:(called Frangochorion in Choniates), which had been Hungarian since the 1060s. The Hungarian pretender Álmos died in 1129, removing the major source of friction.
848:). This was necessary to limit the threat posed by the Normans of southern Italy to Byzantine territory in the Balkans. This threat became especially acute after
824:
status and his relationship with his imperial father, Alexios I, but he made little or no reference to his relationship to his brother John, or to the title of
1477:
by storm in 1120, re-opening land communication with Attaleia. This route was especially important as it also led to Cilicia and the Crusader states of Syria.
924:. The Byzantine desire to be seen as holding a level of suzerainty over all of the Crusader states was taken seriously, as evidenced by the alarm shown in the
1034:). Adrian had become a monk, adopting the monastic name John, and had accompanied the emperor on his campaigns of 1138. Soon afterwards, Adrian was appointed
2445:
The coronation of Alexios as co-emperor is usually dated to 1122, but contemporary documents indicate that he was crowned between 12 July and 7 October 1119.
564:, most probably accompanied by his son John. At this time John's wife was heavily pregnant, she was with her husband on campaign, giving birth to twins,
1250:
783:
involving Isaac and other magnates as he was leaving to campaign against the Turks. When John tried to seize Isaac, the latter escaped and fled to the
698:
1730:, the younger of his surviving sons, to be his successor. John is recorded as citing two main reasons for choosing Manuel over his older brother
626:, gained entry into the monastery and obtained the imperial signet ring from his father. He then assembled his armed followers and rode to the
1173:. In giving asylum to Álmos, a blinded claimant to the Hungarian throne, John aroused the suspicion of the Hungarians. The Hungarians, led by
1509:
In the spring of 1139, the emperor campaigned with success against Turks, probably nomadic Turkomans, who were raiding the regions along the
1243:
1123:, John exiled the Venetian merchants from Constantinople. But this produced further retaliation, and a Venetian fleet of 72 ships plundered
231:
17:
5391:
549:
elevation was celebrated by a special issue of coins with his parents depicted on the reverse and John crowned by Christ on the obverse.
399:
2477:
856:
had Byzantine backing, including a large financial subsidy, for his invasion of Norman territory in 1136, which reached as far south as
5496:
5475:
6041:
3860:
2189:
1722:. John initially ignored the wound and it became infected. He died a number of days after the accident, on 8 April 1143, probably of
1160:
1035:
5543:
3996:
5538:
5491:
5437:
4521:
1955:
1186:
again. The Serbian campaign may have taken place between two distinct phases in the war against Hungary. The Hungarians attacked
5660:
5528:
1333:
966:
772:, had been of essential support during the accession crisis. However, despite being given the highest of court titles, that of
544:
describes John's birth, "And then a son was born to the emperor, who was honoured with the holy baptism in the holy church of
6066:
5681:
5648:
5516:
5458:
5315:
5183:
3818:
3804:
3780:
3735:
3690:
3642:
3566:
3516:
3447:
2510:
1031:
540:
John was born on 13 September 1087, the third child and first son of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and his wife Irene Doukaina.
5348:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
1014:
which had been circulating in certain monasteries. These works were ordered to be burnt by the Patriarch of Constantinople,
5970:
5631:
5626:
5611:
5566:
4528:
2401:
1826:
1206:. After a challenging campaign, the details of which are obscure, the emperor managed to defeat the Hungarians and their
6081:
5864:
5654:
5151:
658:
John Axouch was John II's closest adviser and was his only intimate friend. Axouch was a Turk captured as a child at the
639:
86:
5377:
1430:
1405:
820:, where he remained for the rest of John's life. In the extensive artwork that Isaac commissioned, he made much of his
504:
John II Komnenos – a conjectural digital replacement of facial features damaged on the original mosaic in Hagia Sophia
322:
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5533:
3842:
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3717:
3663:
3624:
3593:
3548:
3470:
844:
The central tenet of the foreign policy of John II in the West was to maintain an alliance with the German emperors (
769:
623:
417:
John has been assessed as the greatest of the Komnenian emperors. This view became entrenched due to its espousal by
410:. John was a pious and dedicated monarch who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered following the
3246:
6061:
5616:
5355:
1681:
In early 1142 John campaigned against the Seljuqs of Iconium to secure his lines of communication through Attalia (
1415:
1395:
1338:
611:
552:
Alexios I arranged a dynastic marriage for John. In 1104 or early 1105 John was married to the Hungarian princess
6046:
5621:
5571:
5117:
5100:
4927:
4915:
2501:
1860:
in 1122, he was superseded in the succession in favour of Manuel in 1143; married twice and had several children.
1846:
1731:
1513:, striking their means of subsistence by driving off their herds. He then marched for the final time against the
853:
619:
237:
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5088:
4880:
4842:
4802:
4769:
627:
31:
5560:
5303:
5129:
4956:
4922:
4886:
4775:
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3490:), translated by E. A. Babock and A. C. Krey (Columbia University Press, 1943). See the original text in the
1814:
1686:
643:
565:
225:
122:
1021:
One of the few members of the imperial family to be placed in an important position by John was his cousin,
6051:
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4944:
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1602:
1380:
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John II (left) and his eldest son Alexios, crowned by Christ. Byzantine manuscript, early 12th century
174:
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4170:
1578:
991:
3740:
Neville, L. (2016) "Anna Komnene: The Life & Work of a Medieval Historian", Oxford University Press.
1758:
Historian John Birkenmeier argued that John's reign was the most successful of the Komnenian period. In
1557:
John II directs the Siege of Shaizar while his allies sit inactive in their camp, French manuscript 1338
516:
described John as short and unusually ugly, with eyes, hair and complexion so dark he was known as 'the
465:
in the east. In an effort to demonstrate the Byzantine ideal of the emperor's role as the leader of the
5737:
5335:
5291:
5269:
5220:
5107:
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1874:, who was killed in action, after which she entered a monastery. The couple had at least four children.
1181:, who had dangerously aligned themselves with Hungary, many of whom were rounded up and transported to
1063:. However, immediately afterwards, in 1122, John quickly transferred his troops to Europe to counter a
359:
48:
1710:
Having prepared his army for a renewed attack on Antioch, John amused himself by hunting wild boar on
6036:
6021:
5242:
5210:
5035:
4215:
3974:
3834:
3579:
1328:
1316:
1296:
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1038:
as John IV of Ohrid. Bulgaria was an autocephalous see and required a prestigious man as archbishop.
891:
In the East John attempted, like his father, to exploit the differences between the Seljuq Sultan of
454:
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1930:
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and most of his family were brought as captives to Constantinople. This opened the route to the
1454:, Konya. The naturalism of the sculpture looks more Greek than Syrian or Iranian in workmanship.
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5923:
5840:
5694:
5583:
5370:
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3575:, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 55, pp. 1–7, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University
1840:
1803:
1610:
1353:
1281:
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John II in full imperial regalia, Byzantine low relief sculpture in marble, early 12th century.
1018:, in May 1140, on the grounds that they incorporated elements of Bogomil belief and practices.
745:
557:
1541:
brought back under direct imperial control. John then besieged but failed to take the city of
5822:
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5719:
5589:
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5230:
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1358:
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877:
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865:
577:
380:
348:
3775:, Bucossi, A. and Suarez, A. R. (eds.), pp. 135–154, Routledge, Abingdon and New York.
3685:, Bucossi, A. and Suarez, A.R. (eds.) pp. 155–182, Routledge, Abingdon and New York.
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in 1104; the marriage was intended as compensation for the loss of some territories to King
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5055:
5030:
4995:
4910:
4824:
4674:
4505:
2164:
1451:
1286:
1225:
1115:
After his accession, John II had refused to confirm his father's 1082 treaty with the
925:
899:
dynasty controlling the northeastern, inland, parts of Anatolia. In 1134 the Seljuq sultan
3799:, Bucossi, A. and Suarez, A. R. (eds.), pp. 11-21, Routledge, Abingdon and New York.
3730:, Bucossi, A. and Suarez, A.R. (eds.) pp. 53–70, Routledge, Abingdon and New York.
8:
5712:
5637:
5409:
5395:
5178:
5163:
5141:
5076:
5065:
5020:
4966:
4456:
4394:
4357:
3813:, Bucossi, A. and Suarez, A. R. (eds.), pp. 1–10, Routledge, Abingdon and New York.
1590:
1502:
1447:
1322:
1301:
952:
690:
411:
3585:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
5930:
5917:
5808:
5464:
5225:
5168:
5112:
5094:
5083:
5045:
5015:
4893:
4611:
4515:
4265:
4234:
4227:
3944:
3928:
2013:
1807:
1799:
1561:
In the Levant, the emperor sought to reinforce Byzantine claims to suzerainty over the
1530:
1474:
1471:
1373:
1348:
1306:
1291:
1170:
1166:
1154:
1116:
881:
849:
821:
553:
485:
418:
405:
391:
291:
102:
1506:
Byzantine rule. John persevered, however, and Kastamonu soon changed hands once more.
760:
5577:
5470:
5363:
5190:
5136:
4977:
4875:
4850:
4699:
4561:
4297:
4282:
4160:
4128:
3966:
3878:
3838:
3814:
3800:
3776:
3755:
3731:
3713:
3686:
3659:
3638:
3620:
3589:
3562:
3544:
3512:
3466:
3443:
3431:
2506:
2301:
1891:
1885:
1764:
1727:
1691:
1662:
1657:
1606:
1446:
Seljuq period architectural fragment from Konya, showing Seljuq appropriation of the
1385:
1076:
929:
921:
873:
845:
714:
489:
426:
245:
220:
112:
71:
5385:
492:. In particular little is known of the history of John's domestic rule or policies.
5815:
5506:
5431:
5320:
5297:
5200:
5173:
5158:
5050:
5010:
5000:
4725:
4652:
4622:
4485:
4440:
4435:
4307:
3824:
1959:
1637:
1622:
1598:
1410:
1088:
1022:
917:
892:
817:
804:
311:
213:
142:
1776:
1215:
4961:
4951:
4860:
4647:
4555:
4543:
4537:
4389:
4210:
4180:
4123:
4103:
3828:
3785:
3707:
3614:
3583:
3479:
3437:
1425:
1420:
1343:
1211:
1092:
908:
706:
659:
573:
541:
529:
513:
477:
3528:
Cambridge University Press.Poetry and its Contexts in Eleventh-century Byzantium
880:
was approached in 1140 for a royal German bride for John's youngest son Manuel.
791:, who received him, and later sent him to the breakaway Byzantine regime of the
5998:
5947:
5687:
4855:
4819:
4764:
4657:
4580:
4478:
4472:
4404:
4384:
4138:
4098:
3703:
3655:
3521:
3504:
2406:
2243:
2073:
2048:
1719:
1702:
1562:
663:
607:
602:
509:
446:
395:
371:
339:
301:
138:
3771:
Ousterhhout, R. (2016) "Architecture and patronage in the age of John II", in
3491:
3414:, translated by Sewter, E. R. A., Penguin Classics, Harmondsworth, pp, 522-523
1894:(28 November 1118 – 21 September 1180), became emperor, and reigned 1143–1180.
1462:
on the southern coast of Anatolia. John II and Axouch the Grand Domestic
912:
the Levant was in 1137 when he extracted formal homage from the rulers of the
852:
made himself supreme in southern Italy and assumed the title of king. Emperor
6015:
6001:
who are independently notable are shown. Rulers and co-rulers are denoted in
5986:
5325:
5285:
4829:
4637:
4445:
3882:
3456:
3242:
2482:
1871:
1787:
1739:
1734:: Isaac's irascibility, and the courage that Manuel had shown on campaign at
1566:
1510:
1027:
1007:
975:
945:
774:
710:
462:
197:
3809:
Stathakopoulos, D. (2016) "John II Komnenos: a historiographical essay", in
5511:
5070:
4865:
4797:
4792:
4782:
4605:
4467:
4108:
1792:
1711:
1481:
1202:
in Thrace, counterattacked, supported by a naval flotilla operating on the
1056:
998:
896:
618:. Anna, who in infancy had been betrothed to her father's first co-emperor
615:
569:
545:
63:
2596:, Vol. V, Ed. William Harrison De Puy, (The Christian Herald, 1908), 3654.
1553:
1493:
which resulted in the reconquest of the ancestral home of the Komnenoi at
1442:
4934:
4809:
4759:
4684:
4258:
4205:
4148:
3610:
1735:
1723:
1542:
1526:
1514:
1015:
957:
861:
836:
655:
connections to fill almost all senior administrative and military posts.
635:
1235:
1226:
War of attrition against the Anatolian Turks (1119–20, 1130–35, 1139–40)
741:
4990:
4905:
4870:
4835:
4747:
4662:
4422:
4415:
4362:
4342:
4287:
4252:
4245:
4190:
4155:
4018:
3811:
John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium: In the Shadow of Father and Son
3797:
John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium: In the Shadow of Father and Son
3773:
John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium: In the Shadow of Father and Son
3728:
John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium: In the Shadow of Father and Son
3683:
John II Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium: In the Shadow of Father and Son
3559:
John II Komnenos, emperor of Byzantium: in the shadow of father and son
1574:
1148:
1072:
1002:
990:; this emulates the older mausolea of Constantine and Justinian in the
784:
737:
466:
450:
434:
4004:
1095:, largely composed of Englishmen, to assault defensive Pecheneg wagon
4737:
4689:
4599:
4586:
4373:
4302:
4275:
4270:
4239:
4185:
4133:
4068:
4063:
1772:
1518:
1494:
1489:
1182:
1144:
1064:
940:
812:
788:
682:
430:
1155:
War with the Hungarians and Serbs (1127–1129 – chronology uncertain)
5387:
5005:
4787:
4679:
4632:
4592:
4574:
4494:
4429:
4409:
4379:
4352:
4347:
4332:
4322:
4292:
4200:
4195:
4143:
4118:
4113:
4078:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
3898:
1626:
1522:
1187:
1060:
281:
201:
178:
147:
1636:
and feasting instead of helping to press the siege of the city of
57:
4939:
4642:
4549:
4462:
4317:
4093:
3795:
Stankovic, V. (2016) "John II Komnenos Before the Year 1118", in
3651:
Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection
2868:
2866:
2432:
1750:
1738:. Another theory alleges that the reason for this choice was the
1715:
1682:
1666:
1645:
1538:
1534:
1485:
1459:
1363:
1199:
900:
800:
796:
672:
458:
442:
276:
168:
1601:, recognized themselves as vassals of the emperor in 1137. Even
588:
6077:
Burials at the Monastery of Christ Pantocrator (Constantinople)
4711:
4568:
4450:
4222:
4088:
3074:
1670:
1641:
1618:
1614:
1548:
1498:
1219:
1207:
1203:
1140:
1136:
1124:
1096:
1084:
1068:
792:
677:
500:
470:
402:. As he was born to a reigning emperor, he had the status of a
182:
151:
2863:
1191:
4312:
4083:
4073:
4053:
3790:
A History of the Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,
3526:
Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni, 1081–1261.
1570:
1565:
and to assert his rights over Antioch. In 1137 he conquered
1195:
1178:
1132:
1128:
1120:
979:
932:
of his plan for an armed pilgrimage to the Holy City (1142).
868:
possessions in Italy under threat by Roger II, who supported
561:
517:
473:
438:
263:
4058:
4048:
3616:
Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204
2488:
Mosaic of John Komnenos, Eirene and Alexios in Hagia Sophia
1843:, who died in battle in 1149. The couple had four children.
1653:
1649:
1633:
1497:(Kastra Komnenon); he then left a garrison of 2,000 men at
1080:
857:
1817:(October 1106 – summer 1142), co-emperor from 1119 to 1142
948:, Istanbul. The tomb of John II was in the central church.
751:
520:'. Yet despite his physical appearance, John was known as
3604:
History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057–1453
3383:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3335:
2430:
Alexios I was the subject of an extensive biography, the
1754:
The Byzantine empire under John II Komnenos, c. 1143
3875:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
476:
at the head of the combined forces of Byzantium and the
2856:
2854:
2502:
Emperor John II Komnenos: Rebuilding New Rome 1118-1143
1870:– before May 1157), who married the military commander
1718:, where he accidentally cut himself on the hand with a
944:
Former Imperial Chapels of Christ Pantokrator, now the
3673:
Holt, P.M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (1995).
3140:
3138:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2724:
2722:
1706:
John II hunting, French manuscript of the 14th Century
1685:). During this campaign his eldest son and co-emperor
1517:, his army proceeding along the southern coast of the
740:
was re-established, with its administrative centre at
3533:
Poetry and its Contexts in Eleventh-century Byzantium
2851:
2740:
2658:
2656:
2383:
649:
495:
445:, and personally led numerous campaigns against the
3509:
The Byzantine Empire 1025–1204, a political history
3463:
Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, by John Kinnamos
3135:
2968:
2952:
2950:
2719:
1884:– before 1150), who married the military commander
1102:
1083:. John surrounded the Pechenegs as they burst into
1010:investigated the writings of a deceased monk named
403:
385:
353:
3681:Linardou, K. (2016) "Imperial Impersonations", in
2570:
2568:
1665:alliance directed against the threat posed by the
956:Gold coin of John II Komnenos, depicting the
2653:
1050:
6013:
3672:
3541:The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180
3484:Historia Rerum in Partibus Transmarinis Gestarum
3439:O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniatēs
3080:
2947:
1888:. She had at least six children, but died early.
1760:The Development of the Komnenian Army 1081–1180,
997:Very active persecution of the followers of the
194:Monastery of Christ Pantocrator, Constantinople
6087:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Pecheneg wars
3726:Magdalino, P. (2016) "The Triumph of 1133", in
3557:Bucossi, Alessandra and Suarez, Alex R. (2016)
3027:
3025:
2565:
1791:Empress Irene, from the Komnenos mosaic in the
764:Isaac Komnenos, mosaic of from the Chora Church
1169:involved him in the dynastic struggles of the
6072:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
5371:
3990:
1820:Maria Komnene (twin to Alexios), who married
1251:
1059:, establishing his control over southwestern
400:Komnenian restoration of the Byzantine Empire
358:; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was
3830:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
3022:
2551:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1549:Campaigning in Cilicia and Syria (1137–1138)
3677:. Vol. 1A. Cambridge University Press.
3588:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
3538:
2543:
986:of the monastery as being in the form of a
5948:Theodora Megale Komnene ("Despina Khatun")
5378:
5364:
3997:
3983:
3709:The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143–1180
3214:
3061:
1258:
1244:
1165:John's marriage to the Hungarian princess
748:, was created to the south of Thrakesion.
583:
398:and the second emperor to rule during the
56:
30:For other people named John Komnenos, see
3823:
3712:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3702:
3442:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
3435:
2594:The World-wide Encyclopedia and Gazetteer
1676:
1265:
1075:. These invaders had been auxiliaries of
840:A letter from John II to Pope Innocent II
3606:, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons
2483:An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
1786:
1749:
1745:
1701:
1552:
1441:
1106:
951:
939:
835:
759:
587:
576:recorded the submission of the defeated
499:
5918:Maria Megale Komnene, Byzantine Empress
3873:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki:
3752:Byzantium; Vol. 3: The Decline and Fall
3465:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3156:
3122:
1839:– after 1149), who married the admiral
1798:John II Komnenos married Princess
1697:
596:John II succeeded his father as ruling
14:
6014:
3858:
3609:
3488:A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
3459:, critical edition and translation by
3434:, critical edition and translation by
3389:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
2259:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2029:
1921:
1917:
967:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
685:to John Axouch whenever they met him.
5877:Eudokia Megale Komnene, Lady of Sinop
5865:Anna Megale Komnene, Queen of Georgia
5682:Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch
5507:Adrianos/John IV, Archbishop of Ohrid
5359:
3978:
3647:
3460:
2982:
2746:
2478:John II Comnenus' Hungarian campaigns
2331:
2321:
2317:
2305:
2300:
2290:
2277:
2267:
2263:
2247:
2242:
2232:
2219:
2209:
2205:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2163:
2153:
2149:
2126:
2116:
2103:
2093:
2089:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2047:
2037:
2033:
2017:
2012:
2002:
1990:
1980:
1976:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1929:
1925:
1239:
646:as co-emperor around September 1119.
429:in the west, decisively defeated the
5971:Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier
5627:Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
5612:Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria
3578:
2402:Byzantium under the Komnenos dynasty
1802:(renamed Irene), a daughter of King
1529:. The breakaway Byzantine regime of
1041:
935:
390:), he was the eldest son of Emperor
727:, are attributed to Alexios I. The
27:Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143
24:
3531:Bernard, F. and Demoen, K. (2013)
2493:
1025:Komnenos (son of John's uncle the
614:, the husband of her eldest child
362:from 1118 to 1143. Also known as "
49:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
25:
6098:
5677:Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
3853:Byzantium and the Danube Frontier
3697:Dualist Heresy in the Middle Ages
3436:Magoulias, Harry J., ed. (1984).
3069:Byzantium and the Danube Frontier
2471:
2104:A daughter of Adrianos Dalassenos
1450:often associated with Byzantium.
1161:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–29)
1008:permanent synod in Constantinople
799:. Isaac then became the guest of
768:The younger brother of John II,
650:Military and civil administration
496:Physical appearance and character
6042:Byzantine people of the Crusades
2386:
1579:Principality of Armenian Cilicia
1214:or Chramon, which is the modern
1103:Conflict with Venice (1124–1126)
321:
5622:Maria Komnene, Queen of Hungary
3461:Brand, Charles M., ed. (1976).
3404:
3395:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3236:
3227:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3164:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
3147:
3130:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
3113:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2990:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
2959:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2731:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2458:
2448:
2439:
1613:, but the fortresses of Balat,
1055:In 1119–1121 John defeated the
828:that he had received from him.
3766:History of the Byzantine State
3743:Necipoğlu, Nevra (ed.) (2001)
3675:The Cambridge History of Islam
3081:Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1995
2872:Runciman, pp. 212–213, 222–224
2599:
2586:
2577:
2556:
2534:
2525:
2499:Lau, Maximilian C. G. (2023).
2424:
1051:The Pechenegs destroyed (1122)
423:History of the Byzantine State
81:15 August 1118 – 8 April 1143
62:Mosaic of John II at the
32:John Komnenos (disambiguation)
13:
1:
5802:Andronikos III Megas Komnenos
3947:(father) as senior co-emperor
3867:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
3859:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
3699:Vol. 10, Springer, The Hague.
3539:Birkenmeier, John W. (2002).
2519:
1907:Ancestors of John II Komnenos
1878:
1864:
1850:
1833:
1537:was ended, and the region of
1364:Campaigns of John II Komnenos
666:(in Greek: μέγας δομέστικος,
535:
18:Campaigns of John II Komnenos
6067:Family of Alexios I Komnenos
5738:Andronikos II Megas Komnenos
2812:Linardou (2016), pp. 155-182
831:
7:
3792:Cambridge University Press.
2803:Magdalino (2016), pp. 63-64
2505:. Oxford University Press.
2379:
1898:
1804:Ladislaus I of Hungary
992:Church of the Holy Apostles
457:in the west all the way to
404:
386:
354:
10:
6103:
6082:Sons of Byzantine emperors
5848:Alexios III Megas Komnenos
5270:Constantine XI Palaiologos
5221:Andronikos III Palaiologos
5108:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
3957:(son) as junior co-emperor
3648:Hendy, Michael F. (1999).
3635:Byzantium and the Crusades
3420:
3323:Angold (1984), pp. 158–159
3287:Angold (1984), pp. 157–158
3222:Byzantium and The Crusades
2935:Angold (1995), pp. 173–174
2848:Angold (1984), pp. 153–154
2680:Angold (1984), pp. 152–153
2412:List of Byzantine emperors
2253:
2143:
2023:
1919:
1229:
1210:allies at the fortress of
1158:
414:, half a century earlier.
264:
29:
5995:
5979:
5963:
5940:
5903:
5894:Alexios IV Megas Komnenos
5885:
5871:Manuel III Megas Komnenos
5857:
5832:
5793:
5777:Alexios II Megas Komnenos
5768:
5729:
5704:
5669:
5599:
5552:
5484:
5446:
5423:
5402:
5346:
5278:
5243:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
5211:Andronikos II Palaiologos
5036:Constantine IX Monomachos
4724:
4621:
4504:
4331:
4169:
4017:
3963:
3933:
3925:
3920:
3892:
3862:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
3855:, Twayne Publishers, 1968
3835:Stanford University Press
3633:Harris, Jonathan (2014),
3401:Magdalino, pp. xxiii-xxvi
3332:Bucossi and Suarez, p xix
3001:Angold (1984), p. 154–155
2785:Bernard and Demoen, p. 21
2614:Bucossi and Suarez, p. 16
2319:
2311:
2284:
2265:
2261:
2226:
2207:
2199:
2172:
2151:
2147:
2110:
2091:
2083:
2056:
2035:
2031:
1996:
1978:
1970:
1938:
1923:
1856:– after 1154), raised to
1782:
1593:, Prince of Antioch, and
1277:
960:and John holding a cross.
469:world, John marched into
421:in his influential book,
375:
343:
317:
307:
297:
287:
275:
260:
255:
251:
219:
209:
189:
158:
132:
128:
118:
108:
98:
85:
77:
70:
55:
46:
41:
5954:Alexios V Megas Komnenos
5924:Alexander Megas Komnenos
5841:Manuel II Megas Komnenos
5695:Alexios I Megas Komnenos
5415:Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
5206:Michael VIII Palaiologos
3833:. Stanford, California:
3745:Byzantine Constantinople
2417:
2332:Kontostephane Aballanta?
1931:Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
1488:(Melitene) on the upper
1012:Constantine Chrysomallos
695:Michaelitzes Styppeiotes
6062:Hunting accident deaths
5823:John III Megas Komnenos
5745:Theodora Megale Komnene
5720:Manuel I Megas Komnenos
5061:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
4695:Tiberius II Constantine
3768:, tr. J. Hussey, Oxford
3764:Ostrogorsky, G. (1980)
3602:Finlay, George (1854),
3410:Comnena, Anna (1969) ,
2908:Ousterhout, pp. 142-145
2394:Byzantine Empire portal
1629:were taken by assault.
1587:Principality of Antioch
1583:Levon I of Armenia
914:Principality of Antioch
876:). Lothair's successor
584:Accession to the throne
392:Alexios I Komnenos
292:Alexios I Komnenos
103:Alexios I Komnenos
6047:Deaths by arrow wounds
5912:John IV Megas Komnenos
5784:Michael Megas Komnenos
5759:John II Megas Komnenos
5584:John Tzelepes Komnenos
5216:Michael IX Palaiologos
3637:, Bloomsbury, 2nd ed.
3305:Birkenmeier, pp. 98–99
2944:Birkenmeier, pp. 86–87
2776:Magdalino, pp. 207–208
2707:Magdalino, pp. 192–193
2689:Neville (2016), pp. 22
1892:Manuel I Komnenos
1841:Stephen Kontostephanos
1795:
1755:
1707:
1677:Final campaigns (1142)
1558:
1455:
1416:Antioch on the Meander
1396:Hyelion and Leimocheir
1112:
1036:Archbishop of Bulgaria
961:
949:
841:
807:, and subsequently of
765:
746:Mylasa and Melanoudion
676:, and equivalent to a
593:
558:Ladislaus I of Hungary
505:
246:Manuel I Komnenos
113:Manuel I Komnenos
5999:male-line descendants
5931:David Megas Komnenos
5752:George Megas Komnenos
5590:Andronikos I Komnenos
5310:Thessalonian emperors
5304:Trapezuntine emperors
5265:John VIII Palaiologos
5260:Manuel II Palaiologos
5231:John VI Kantakouzenos
5147:Andronikos I Komnenos
4984:Constantine Lekapenos
4012:and empresses regnant
3619:. London: UCL Press.
3314:Angold (1984), p. 158
3202:Angold (1984), p. 156
3193:Runciman, pp. 215–217
3144:Angold (1984), p. 157
3101:Angold (1984), p. 155
3049:Angold (1984), p. 154
3010:Angold (1984), p. 154
2979:Angold (1984), p. 153
2899:Angold (1995), p. 310
2830:Angold (1984), p. 159
2728:Angold (1984), p. 152
1822:John Roger Dalassenos
1790:
1753:
1746:The legacy of John II
1705:
1581:, and in 1138 Prince
1556:
1445:
1269:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
1232:Byzantine-Seljuq Wars
1198:; John, who was near
1110:
955:
943:
870:Antipope Anacletus II
839:
763:
744:. A new theme, named
591:
578:Bohemond I of Antioch
503:
332:John II Komnenos
5964:Uncertain generation
5809:Basil Megas Komnenos
5607:John Doukas Komnenos
5502:Constantine Komnenos
5248:John VII Palaiologos
5196:Theodore II Laskaris
5056:Constantine X Doukas
4996:Nikephoros II Phokas
3851:Urbansky, Andrew B.
3658:. pp. 244–274.
3580:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
3571:Dennis, G.T. (2001)
3535:, Ashgate Publishing
3278:Choniates, pp. 24–26
3119:Choniates, pp. 20–21
3058:Choniates, pp. 11–12
2881:Angold (1995), p. 75
2860:Choniates, pp. 12–13
2737:Stathakopoulos, p. 6
2698:Stathakopoulos, p. 1
2623:Stankovic, pp. 16-17
1698:Death and succession
1067:invasion across the
926:Kingdom of Jerusalem
752:Conspiracies of the
612:Nikephoros Bryennios
175:Mediterranean Region
6052:Deaths by poisoning
5638:Alexios II Komnenos
5567:Andronikos Komnenos
5529:Andronikos Komnenos
5476:Nikephoros Komnenos
5410:Nikephoros Komnenos
5396:Empire of Trebizond
5179:Theodore I Laskaris
5164:Alexios III Angelos
5142:Alexios II Komnenos
5066:Romanos IV Diogenes
5021:Romanos III Argyros
4967:Romanos I Lekapenos
3695:Loos, Milan (1974)
3392:, pp. 422–477.
3380:, pp. 412–421.
3368:, pp. 399–411.
3356:, pp. 391–398.
3344:, pp. 380–390.
3260:Kinnamos, pp. 28-31
3153:Kinnamos, pp. 21–22
3092:Kinnamos, pp. 20–21
2839:Kinnamos, pp. 75–76
2821:Kinnamos, pp. 74–75
2540:Ostrogorsky, p. 377
1827:Andronikos Komnenos
1591:Raymond of Poitiers
1503:Battle of Manzikert
1448:double-headed eagle
928:when John informed
691:Eustathios Kamytzes
556:, daughter of King
412:Battle of Manzikert
355:Iōannēs ho Komnēnos
232:Andronikos Komnenos
226:Alexios the Younger
123:Alexios the Younger
6057:Deaths from sepsis
5465:Alexios I Komnenos
5298:Britannic emperors
5292:Palmyrene emperors
5226:John V Palaiologos
5169:Alexios IV Angelos
5118:Constantine Doukas
5113:Alexios I Komnenos
5101:Constantine Doukas
5084:Michael VII Doukas
5046:Michael VI Bringas
4612:Romulus Augustulus
4235:Trebonianus Gallus
4228:Herennius Etruscus
4010:Byzantine emperors
3573:Death in Byzantium
2716:Choniates, pp. 8–9
2531:Birkenmeier, p. 85
2278:Troian of Bulgaria
2014:Alexios I Komnenos
1863:Theodora Komnene (
1808:Coloman of Hungary
1800:Piroska of Hungary
1796:
1756:
1708:
1559:
1531:Constantine Gabras
1456:
1452:Ince Minare Museum
1171:Kingdom of Hungary
1117:Republic of Venice
1113:
962:
950:
882:Bertha of Sulzbach
850:Roger II of Sicily
842:
766:
705:who was appointed
620:Constantine Doukas
594:
506:
419:George Ostrogorsky
364:John the Beautiful
344:Ἱωάννης ὁ Κομνηνός
171:, Byzantine Empire
6009:
6008:
5578:Manuel I Komnenos
5471:Adrianos Komnenos
5353:
5352:
5191:John III Vatatzes
5137:Manuel I Komnenos
4876:Michael I Rangabe
4720:
4719:
4562:Petronius Maximus
4161:Severus Alexander
4129:Septimius Severus
3973:
3972:
3964:Succeeded by
3936:Byzantine emperor
3908:13 September 1087
3894:John II Komnenos
3825:Treadgold, Warren
3819:978-1-4724-6024-0
3805:978-1-4724-6024-0
3781:978-1-4724-6024-0
3750:Norwich, John J.
3736:978-1-4724-6024-0
3691:978-1-4724-6024-0
3643:978-1-78093-767-0
3567:978-1-47-246024-0
3517:978-0-58-249060-4
3449:978-0-8143-1764-8
3432:Niketas Choniates
3296:Magdalino, p. 195
3019:Fine, pp. 235–236
2890:Necipoğlu, p. 133
2758:Magdalino, p. 254
2662:Magdalino, p. 207
2512:978-0-19-888867-3
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2302:Maria of Bulgaria
2220:Irene Pegonitissa
2190:Andronikos Doukas
1886:Theodore Vatatzes
1877:Eudokia Komnene (
1692:Fulk of Jerusalem
1439:
1438:
1077:Vladimir Monomakh
1042:Military exploits
936:Religious matters
922:County of Tripoli
874:Treaty of Mignano
846:Holy Roman Empire
715:Theodore Vatatzes
703:Gregory Taronites
427:Holy Roman Empire
384:
360:Byzantine emperor
352:
329:
328:
271:
270:
136:13 September 1087
72:Byzantine emperor
16:(Redirected from
6094:
6037:Komnenos dynasty
6022:John II Komnenos
5980:Related subjects
5816:Anna Anachoutlou
5661:Alexios Komnenos
5644:Alexios Komnenos
5617:Alexios Komnenos
5561:Alexios Komnenos
5544:Theodora Komnene
5523:John II Komnenos
5497:Alexios Komnenos
5432:Isaac I Komnenos
5392:Byzantine Empire
5380:
5373:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5201:John IV Laskaris
5174:Alexios V Doukas
5159:Isaac II Angelos
5125:John II Komnenos
5051:Isaac I Komnenos
5011:Constantine VIII
5001:John I Tzimiskes
4728:Byzantine Empire
4502:
4501:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3976:
3975:
3926:Preceded by
3916:
3909:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3872:
3848:
3786:Runciman, Steven
3754:. Viking, 1995
3723:
3678:
3669:
3630:
3599:
3554:
3476:
3453:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:Magdalino, p. 41
3267:
3261:
3258:
3252:
3240:
3234:
3233:Choniates, p. 23
3231:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3184:Runciman, p. 215
3182:
3176:
3175:Runciman, p. 309
3173:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3133:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3110:Choniates, p. 19
3108:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3020:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2966:
2963:
2957:
2956:Choniates, p. 11
2954:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2861:
2858:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2651:
2650:Stankovic, p. 19
2648:
2642:
2641:Stankovic, p. 18
2639:
2633:
2632:Stankovic, p. 17
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2605:Stankovic, p. 14
2603:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2574:Choniates, p. 27
2572:
2563:
2562:Runciman, p. 209
2560:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2428:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2128:John II Komnenos
1960:Isaac I Komnenos
1913:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1883:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1855:
1852:
1838:
1835:
1815:Alexios Komnenos
1607:Count of Tripoli
1515:Danishmend Turks
1272:
1270:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1089:Battle of Beroia
1079:, the Prince of
918:County of Edessa
818:Heraclea Pontica
668:megas domestikos
605:, favoured the
409:
406:porphyrogennetos
389:
379:
377:
357:
347:
345:
325:
312:Eastern Orthodox
267:
266:
265:Ιωάννης Κομνηνός
253:
252:
241:Theodora Komnene
214:Irene of Hungary
165:
143:Byzantine Empire
60:
42:John II Komnenos
39:
38:
21:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6005:
5991:
5975:
5959:
5941:16th generation
5936:
5904:15th generation
5899:
5886:14th generation
5881:
5858:13th generation
5853:
5833:12th generation
5828:
5794:11th generation
5789:
5769:10th generation
5764:
5725:
5713:John I Axouchos
5700:
5665:
5649:Manuel Komnenos
5595:
5548:
5539:Eudokia Komnene
5480:
5454:Manuel Komnenos
5442:
5419:
5398:
5384:
5354:
5349:
5342:
5286:Gallic emperors
5274:
4962:Constantine VII
4743:Constantine III
4730:
4727:
4716:
4625:
4617:
4556:Valentinian III
4544:Constantius III
4538:Priscus Attalus
4522:Constantine III
4508:
4500:
4390:Valerius Valens
4335:
4327:
4173:
4165:
4124:Didius Julianus
4104:Marcus Aurelius
4021:
4013:
4003:
3969:
3952:
3941:
3939:
3931:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3895:
3870:
3845:
3720:
3704:Magdalino, Paul
3666:
3654:. Vol. 4.
3627:
3596:
3551:
3522:Angold, Michael
3505:Angold, Michael
3480:William of Tyre
3473:
3450:
3423:
3418:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3211:Choniates p. 22
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3136:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:Kinnamos, p. 18
3039:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2969:
2965:Kinnamos, p. 16
2964:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:Loos, pp. 98–99
2925:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:Choniates, p. 7
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:Choniates, p. 6
2670:
2666:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2513:
2496:
2494:Further reading
2474:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2377:
1901:
1881:
1867:
1853:
1836:
1785:
1748:
1700:
1679:
1623:Maarat al-Numan
1611:attempted siege
1599:Count of Edessa
1563:Crusader States
1551:
1511:Sangarios River
1466:and recaptured
1440:
1435:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1234:
1228:
1163:
1157:
1105:
1093:Varangian Guard
1053:
1044:
938:
909:Crusader states
834:
780:sebastokratores
758:
707:protovestiarios
660:Siege of Nicaea
652:
586:
574:Treaty of Devol
542:Joannes Zonaras
538:
530:Marcus Aurelius
514:William of Tyre
498:
478:Crusader states
262:
244:
243:Eudokia Komnene
242:
240:
236:
234:
230:
228:
205:
195:
172:
167:
163:
145:
137:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6100:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6007:
6006:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5915:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5844:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5780:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5733:
5731:
5730:9th generation
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5716:
5708:
5706:
5705:8th generation
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5688:David Komnenos
5684:
5679:
5673:
5671:
5670:7th generation
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5658:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5600:6th generation
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5581:
5574:
5572:Isaac Komnenos
5569:
5564:
5556:
5554:
5553:5th generation
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5534:Isaac Komnenos
5531:
5526:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5485:4th generation
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5461:
5459:Isaac Komnenos
5456:
5450:
5448:
5447:3rd generation
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5427:
5425:
5424:2nd generation
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5403:1st generation
5400:
5399:
5383:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5360:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5245:
5240:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5122:
5110:
5105:
5081:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5041:Theodora (III)
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4937:
4932:
4920:
4908:
4903:
4891:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4856:Constantine VI
4853:
4848:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4820:Theodosius III
4817:
4812:
4807:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4765:Constantine IV
4762:
4757:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4623:Eastern Empire
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4584:
4577:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4553:
4546:
4541:
4534:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:Western Empire
4499:
4498:
4491:
4479:Magnus Maximus
4475:
4473:Valentinian II
4470:
4465:
4460:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4407:
4405:Constantius II
4402:
4400:Constantine II
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4268:
4263:
4255:
4250:
4232:
4220:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4099:Antoninus Pius
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4023:
4022:27 BC – AD 235
4015:
4014:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3921:Regnal titles
3918:
3917:
3896:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3856:
3849:
3843:
3821:
3807:
3793:
3783:
3769:
3762:
3748:
3741:
3738:
3724:
3718:
3700:
3693:
3679:
3670:
3664:
3656:Dumbarton Oaks
3645:
3631:
3625:
3607:
3600:
3594:
3576:
3569:
3555:
3549:
3536:
3529:
3519:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3477:
3471:
3454:
3448:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3403:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3253:
3235:
3226:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3155:
3146:
3134:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3083:, p. 240.
3073:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3033:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2981:
2967:
2958:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2749:, p. 244.
2739:
2730:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2585:
2576:
2564:
2555:
2549:W. Treadgold,
2542:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2472:External links
2470:
2467:
2466:
2457:
2447:
2438:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2407:Komnenian army
2404:
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2381:
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2374:
2373:
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2363:
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2255:
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2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:Irene Doukaina
2241:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
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2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:Anna Dalassene
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:Alexios Charon
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1875:
1861:
1847:Isaac Komnenos
1844:
1837: 1110/11
1832:Anna Komnene (
1830:
1824:
1818:
1784:
1781:
1777:Lake Pousgouse
1747:
1744:
1720:poisoned arrow
1699:
1696:
1678:
1675:
1550:
1547:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
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1398:
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1388:
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1378:
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1371:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1230:Main article:
1227:
1224:
1159:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1104:
1101:
1071:frontier into
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
937:
934:
833:
830:
822:porphyrogenete
757:
750:
699:George Dekanos
664:Grand Domestic
651:
648:
642:his young son
624:Isaac Komnenos
585:
582:
568:and Maria, in
537:
534:
528:the Byzantine
497:
494:
488:, or his son,
396:Irene Doukaina
327:
326:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
302:Irene Doukaina
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
279:
273:
272:
269:
268:
258:
257:
249:
248:
238:Isaac Komnenos
223:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
193:
191:
187:
186:
166:(aged 55)
160:
156:
155:
139:Constantinople
134:
130:
129:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
89:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
68:
67:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6099:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5988:
5987:AIMA prophecy
5985:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5655:John Komnenos
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:Maria Komnene
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5518:
5517:Maria Komnene
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5492:John Komnenos
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5438:John Komnenos
5436:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5381:
5376:
5374:
5369:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5345:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4923:Theodora (II)
4921:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4831:
4830:Constantine V
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4815:Anastasius II
4813:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4638:Theodosius II
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4446:Valentinian I
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4368:Constantine I
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Constantius I
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3995:
3993:
3988:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3968:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3844:0-8047-2630-2
3840:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:0-670-82377-5
3757:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3719:0-521-52653-1
3715:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3665:9780884022336
3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3626:1-85728-495-X
3622:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3595:0-472-08149-7
3591:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3561:, Routledge.
3560:
3556:
3552:
3550:90-04-11710-5
3546:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3492:Latin library
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3472:0-231-04080-6
3468:
3464:
3458:
3457:John Kinnamos
3455:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3413:
3407:
3398:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3343:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3243:John Kinnamos
3239:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3165:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3139:
3131:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3098:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3070:
3067:A. Urbansky,
3064:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2917:Finlay, p. 81
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2794:Haldon, p. 97
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2723:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2559:
2552:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2461:
2451:
2442:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2384:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1956:John Komnenos
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1876:
1873:
1872:Manuel Anemas
1862:
1859:
1858:sebastokrator
1848:
1845:
1842:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1765:Manuel I
1761:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1740:AIMA prophecy
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1432:
1431:2nd Trebizond
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:1st Trebizond
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Myriokephalon
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1323:2nd Manzikert
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:1st Manzikert
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:Philippopolis
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:and captured
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:sebastokrator
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:Zeyrek Mosque
971:
968:
959:
954:
947:
946:Zeyrek Mosque
942:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
905:
902:
898:
894:
889:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
838:
829:
827:
826:sebastokrator
823:
819:
814:
810:
806:
805:Sultan of Rum
803:, the Seljuk
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
777:
776:
775:sebastokrator
771:
762:
755:
754:sebastokrator
749:
747:
743:
739:
733:
730:
726:
725:
718:
716:
712:
711:Manuel Anemas
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
686:
684:
679:
675:
674:
669:
665:
661:
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:
609:
604:
599:
590:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
547:
543:
533:
531:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
502:
493:
491:
487:
481:
479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
408:
407:
401:
397:
393:
388:
382:
373:
369:
368:John the Good
365:
361:
356:
350:
341:
337:
333:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
283:
280:
278:
274:
261:John Komnenos
259:
254:
250:
247:
239:
233:
229:Maria Komnene
227:
224:
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
203:
199:
198:Zeyrek Mosque
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
170:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
135:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
93:as co-emperor
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6002:
5952:
5929:
5922:
5910:
5892:
5869:
5846:
5839:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5782:
5775:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5718:
5711:
5693:
5686:
5653:
5636:
5588:
5576:
5559:
5522:
5521:
5512:Anna Komnene
5463:
5430:
5253:Andronikos V
5251:
5234:
5182:
5150:
5128:
5124:
5116:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5075:
5069:
4982:
4976:
4970:
4943:
4926:
4914:
4897:
4885:
4879:
4866:Nikephoros I
4841:
4840:
4834:
4801:
4798:Justinian II
4793:Tiberius III
4783:Justinian II
4774:
4768:
4751:
4703:
4675:Anastasius I
4666:
4610:
4606:Julius Nepos
4598:
4591:
4579:
4567:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4520:
4493:
4484:
4483:
4477:
4468:Theodosius I
4455:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4385:Maximinus II
4372:
4274:
4257:
4244:
4238:
4226:
4214:
4147:
4109:Lucius Verus
3959:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3934:
3915:8 April 1143
3912:
3905:
3897:
3866:
3861:
3852:
3829:
3810:
3796:
3789:
3772:
3765:
3751:
3744:
3727:
3708:
3696:
3682:
3674:
3650:
3634:
3615:
3611:Haldon, John
3603:
3584:
3572:
3558:
3540:
3532:
3525:
3508:
3487:
3483:
3462:
3438:
3411:
3406:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3349:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3163:
3162:J. Norwich,
3158:
3149:
3129:
3128:J. Norwich,
3124:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3031:Fine, p. 235
3015:
3006:
2997:
2989:
2988:J. Norwich,
2984:
2961:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2742:
2733:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2583:Dennis, p. 7
2579:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2500:
2460:
2450:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2127:
1958:(brother of
1857:
1797:
1793:Hagia Sophia
1769:
1759:
1757:
1712:Mount Taurus
1709:
1680:
1631:
1560:
1508:
1482:Danishmendid
1479:
1470:in 1119 and
1457:
1401:Claudiopolis
1329:2nd Caesarea
1321:
1307:1st Caesarea
1216:Nova Palanka
1164:
1114:
1057:Seljuq Turks
1054:
1045:
1026:
1020:
996:
987:
983:
972:
963:
906:
897:Danishmendid
890:
886:
843:
825:
779:
773:
767:
753:
742:Philadelphia
734:
728:
722:
719:
687:
671:
667:
657:
653:
632:
628:Great Palace
616:Anna Komnene
606:
597:
595:
551:
546:Hagia Sophia
539:
526:
521:
507:
482:
422:
416:
367:
363:
335:
331:
330:
235:Anna Komnene
164:(1143-04-08)
162:8 April 1143
92:
64:Hagia Sophia
47:
36:
6032:1143 deaths
6027:1087 births
5312:(1224–1242)
5306:(1204–1461)
5095:Konstantios
4972:Christopher
4945:Constantine
4935:Michael III
4916:Constantine
4899:Constantine
4881:Theophylact
4810:Philippicus
4760:Constans II
4685:Justinian I
4581:Severus III
4529:Constans II
4283:Claudius II
4259:Silbannacus
4206:Gordian III
4181:Maximinus I
4149:Diadumenian
3511:, Longman.
3412:The Alexiad
3390:Varzos 1984
3378:Varzos 1984
3366:Varzos 1984
3354:Varzos 1984
3342:Varzos 1984
3220:J. Harris,
2592:"John II",
2165:John Doukas
1882: 1116
1868: 1115
1854: 1113
1829:(died 1142)
1736:Neocaesarea
1724:septicaemia
1595:Joscelin II
1543:Neocaesarea
1527:Paphlagonia
1484:emirate in
1381:2nd Iconium
1359:Philomelion
1312:1st Iconium
1016:Leo Styppes
958:Virgin Mary
864:, with the
862:Innocent II
854:Lothair III
636:John Axouch
522:Kaloïōannēs
387:Kaloïōannēs
376:Καλοϊωάννης
99:Predecessor
6016:Categories
5089:Andronikos
5077:Nikephoros
5026:Michael IV
4991:Romanos II
4911:Theophilos
4906:Michael II
4887:Staurakios
4871:Staurakios
4843:Nikephoros
4836:Artabasdos
4748:Heraclonas
4705:Theodosius
4663:Basiliscus
4423:Nepotianus
4416:Magnentius
4410:Constans I
4363:Severus II
4343:Diocletian
4288:Quintillus
4253:Aemilianus
4246:Volusianus
4191:Gordian II
4156:Elagabalus
4019:Principate
2747:Hendy 1999
2520:References
2455:1125–1126.
1603:Raymond II
1575:Mopsuestia
1354:2nd Nicaea
1344:1st Nicaea
1287:Vaspurakan
1175:Stephen II
1149:Ionian Sea
1073:Paristrion
878:Conrad III
785:Danishmend
738:Thrakesion
536:Early life
512:historian
451:Asia Minor
435:Hungarians
119:Co-emperor
87:Coronation
5331:Classical
5316:Empresses
5300:(286–296)
5294:(267–273)
5288:(260–274)
5031:Michael V
4957:Alexander
4770:Heraclius
4738:Heraclius
4690:Justin II
4600:Glycerius
4587:Anthemius
4457:Procopius
4395:Martinian
4374:Maxentius
4303:Florianus
4276:Saloninus
4271:Gallienus
4240:Hostilian
4216:Philip II
4186:Gordian I
4134:Caracalla
4069:Vespasian
4064:Vitellius
3960:(1119–42)
3950:(1092–18)
3945:Alexios I
3940:1118–1143
3929:Alexios I
3899:Komnenian
3883:834784634
3582:(1991) .
3543:. Brill.
3524:, (1995)
3507:, (1984)
3499:Secondary
1773:Euphrates
1577:from the
1535:Trebizond
1519:Black Sea
1495:Kastamonu
1490:Euphrates
1475:Sozopolis
1386:Turbessel
1374:Sozopolis
1334:Oinousses
1183:Nicomedia
1145:Kefalonia
999:Paulician
930:King Fulk
832:Diplomacy
813:Kastamuni
797:Trebizond
683:obeisance
570:Balabista
486:Alexios I
467:Christian
431:Pechenegs
381:romanized
349:romanized
318:Signature
282:Komnenian
109:Successor
5394:and the
5388:Komnenoi
5326:Usurpers
5321:Augustae
5279:See also
5184:Nicholas
5006:Basil II
4803:Tiberius
4788:Leontius
4776:Tiberius
4753:Tiberius
4731:610–1453
4726:Eastern/
4680:Justin I
4633:Arcadius
4593:Olybrius
4575:Majorian
4516:Honorius
4495:Eugenius
4430:Vetranio
4380:Licinius
4353:Galerius
4348:Maximian
4333:Dominate
4323:Numerian
4293:Aurelian
4266:Valerian
4211:Philip I
4201:Balbinus
4196:Pupienus
4144:Macrinus
4119:Pertinax
4114:Commodus
4079:Domitian
4044:Claudius
4039:Caligula
4034:Tiberius
4029:Augustus
3967:Manuel I
3827:(1997).
3747:, Brill.
3706:(1993).
3613:(1999).
2553:, p. 700
2380:See also
1899:Ancestry
1627:Kafartab
1589:, where
1523:Bithynia
1521:through
1468:Laodicea
1464:besieged
1460:Attaleia
1369:Laodicea
1349:Mersivan
1317:Sebastia
1292:Kapetron
1188:Belgrade
1065:Pecheneg
1061:Anatolia
920:and the
895:and the
866:Church's
793:Gabrades
598:basileus
490:Manuel I
455:Maeander
336:Comnenus
308:Religion
202:Istanbul
179:Anatolia
148:Istanbul
5390:of the
5336:Eastern
5236:Matthew
5130:Alexios
4978:Stephen
4940:Basil I
4825:Leo III
4700:Maurice
4643:Marcian
4626:395–610
4550:Joannes
4509:395–480
4463:Gratian
4336:284–610
4318:Carinus
4298:Tacitus
4174:235–285
4094:Hadrian
3955:Alexios
3901:dynasty
3788:(1952)
3426:Primary
3421:Sources
3248:History
3224:, p. 86
2433:Alexiad
1716:Cilicia
1687:Alexios
1683:Antalya
1667:Normans
1646:Shaizar
1638:Shaizar
1619:Athareb
1539:Chaldia
1486:Malatya
1411:Antalya
1339:Antioch
1220:Sirmium
1208:Serbian
1167:Piroska
1147:in the
1121:Kerkyra
1003:Bogomil
984:typikon
907:In the
893:Iconium
860:. Pope
673:mesazon
644:Alexios
640:crowned
566:Alexios
554:Piroska
459:Cilicia
443:Balkans
441:in the
383::
351::
277:Dynasty
169:Cilicia
5098:&
5074:&
4981:&
4952:Leo VI
4928:Thekla
4884:&
4851:Leo IV
4773:&
4712:Phocas
4668:Marcus
4653:Leo II
4569:Avitus
4486:Victor
4451:Valens
4441:Jovian
4436:Julian
4308:Probus
4243:&
4223:Decius
4171:Crisis
4089:Trajan
3911:
3881:
3869:]
3841:
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3803:
3779:
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3689:
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3641:
3623:
3592:
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1783:Family
1728:Manuel
1671:Sicily
1663:German
1652:, and
1642:Aleppo
1625:, and
1615:Biza'a
1605:, the
1573:, and
1567:Tarsus
1499:Gangra
1421:Sinope
1204:Danube
1141:Andros
1137:Lesbos
1125:Rhodes
1097:laager
1085:Thrace
1069:Danube
1023:Adrian
988:heroon
980:layman
901:Masoud
801:Masoud
729:Mousai
724:Mousai
678:vizier
608:Caesar
471:Muslim
463:Tarsus
366:" or "
298:Mother
288:Father
210:Spouse
190:Burial
183:Turkey
152:Turkey
5997:Only
4894:Leo V
4861:Irene
4648:Leo I
4313:Carus
4084:Nerva
4074:Titus
4054:Galba
4006:Roman
3943:with
3913:Died:
3906:Born:
3871:(PDF)
3865:[
3250:I.10.
2418:Notes
1732:Isaac
1658:Zengi
1571:Adana
1426:Sudak
1282:Ganja
1212:Haram
1196:Sofia
1179:Serbs
1133:Samos
1129:Chios
1032:Isaac
789:Ghazi
787:emir
770:Isaac
756:Isaac
603:Irene
562:Serbs
510:Latin
474:Syria
447:Turks
439:Serbs
372:Greek
340:Greek
256:Names
221:Issue
196:(now
173:(now
146:(now
91:1092
78:Reign
6003:bold
5386:The
5250:(w.
5233:(w.
5181:(w.
5152:John
5149:(w.
5127:(w.
5115:(w.
5086:(w.
5068:(w.
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4225:(w.
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4139:Geta
4059:Otho
4049:Nero
4008:and
3879:OCLC
3839:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3801:ISBN
3777:ISBN
3756:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3714:ISBN
3687:ISBN
3660:ISBN
3639:ISBN
3621:ISBN
3590:ISBN
3563:ISBN
3545:ISBN
3513:ISBN
3467:ISBN
3444:ISBN
3166:, 76
3132:, 82
3071:, 46
2992:, 70
2507:ISBN
1654:Hama
1650:Homs
1634:dice
1525:and
1472:took
1194:and
1192:Nish
1081:Kiev
1001:and
858:Bari
713:and
697:and
518:Moor
508:The
461:and
437:and
394:and
159:Died
133:Born
5071:Leo
5016:Zoe
4262:(?)
1714:in
1669:of
1533:in
1302:Ani
809:Leo
795:in
709:,
449:in
370:" (
334:or
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3245:,
3137:^
3024:^
2970:^
2949:^
2865:^
2853:^
2721:^
2655:^
2567:^
1879:c.
1865:c.
1851:c.
1834:c.
1648:,
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1621:,
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1190:,
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