Camel - Knowledge

1417: 2568: 765: 2546: 2531: 2519: 6712:

follow the foot soldiers, and last of all the cavalry. When his arrangements were complete, he gave his troops orders to slay all the other Lydians who came in their way without mercy, but to spare Croesus and not kill him, even if he should be seized and offer resistance. The reason why Cyrus opposed his camels to the enemy's horse was because the horse has a natural dread of the camel, and cannot abide either the sight or the smell of that animal. By this stratagem he hoped to make Croesus's horse useless to him, the horse being what he chiefly depended on for victory. The two armies then joined battle, and immediately the Lydian war-horses, seeing and smelling the camels, turned round and galloped off; and so it came to pass that all Croesus's hopes withered away.

130: 2160:(preserved meat) of mutton, beef, or camel. On the other hand, camel milk and meat are rich in protein, vitamins, glycogen, and other nutrients making them essential in the diet of many people. From chemical composition to meat quality, the dromedary camel is the preferred breed for meat production. It does well even in arid areas due to its unusual physiological behaviors and characteristics, which include tolerance to extreme temperatures, radiation from the sun, water paucity, rugged landscape and low vegetation. Camel meat is reported to taste like coarse beef, but older camels can prove to be very tough, although camel meat becomes tenderer the more it is cooked. 1629: 698: 1821: 1577:... substantially facilitated trade across the vast deserts of Arabia, promoting both economic and social change (e.g., Kohler 1984; Borowski 1998: 112–116; Jasmin 2005). This ... has generated extensive discussion regarding the date of the earliest domestic camel in the southern Levant (and beyond) (e.g., Albright 1949: 207; Epstein 1971: 558–584; Bulliet 1975; Zarins 1989; Köhler-Rollefson 1993; Uerpmann and Uerpmann 2002; Jasmin 2005; 2006; Heide 2010; Rosen and Saidel 2010; Grigson 2012). Most scholars today agree that the dromedary was exploited as a pack animal sometime in the early 1669: 7934:: The Messenger of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) was asked about performing ablution after eating the flesh of the camel. He replied: Perform ablution, after eating it. He was asked about performing ablution after eating meat. He replied: Do not perform ablution after eating it. He was asked about saying prayer in places where the camels lie down. He replied: Do not offer prayer in places where the camels lie down. These are the places of Satan. He was asked about saying prayer in the sheepfolds. He replied: You may offer prayer in such places; these are the places of blessing. 664: 1351: 1439: 1649: 1366: 793: 1739: 2300:, and other Australians have also been buying it. The feral nature of the animals means they produce a different type of meat to farmed camels in other parts of the world, and it is sought after because it is disease-free, and a unique genetic group. Demand is outstripping supply, and governments are being urged not to cull the camels, but redirect the cost of the cull into developing the market. Australia has seven camel dairies, which produce milk, cheese and skincare products in addition to meat. 13362: 2144: 178: 2590: 2711: 2619: 2665: 891: 635: 379: 1381: 14646: 1609: 1151:, a hybrid between Bactrian and dromedary camels, has one hump, though it has an indentation 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in) deep that divides the front from the back. The hybrid is 2.15 m (7 ft 1 in) at the shoulder and 2.32 m (7 ft 7 in) tall at the hump. It weighs an average of 650 kg (1,430 lb) and can carry around 400 to 450 kg (880 to 990 lb), which is more than either the dromedary or Bactrian can. 1396: 152: 734: 2061: 1720: 1428: 955: 1336: 2132: 1701:, clothing, bedding and accessories. Camels have outer guard hairs and soft inner down, and the fibers may also be sorted by color and age of the animal. The guard hairs can be felted for use as waterproof coats for the herdsmen, while the softer hair is used for premium goods. The fiber can be spun for use in weaving or made into yarns for hand knitting or crochet. Pure camel hair is recorded as being used for 899: 14635: 1136: 13356: 2041: 872: 2676:, descended from those introduced as a method of transport in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This population is growing about 8% per year; it was estimated at 700,000 in 2008. Representatives of the Australian government have culled more than 100,000 of the animals in part because the camels use too much of the limited resources needed by sheep farmers. 2156:

Bactrian can weigh up to 650 kg (1,433 lb). The carcass of a female dromedary weighs less than the male, ranging between 250 and 350 kg (550 and 770 lb). The brisket, ribs and loin are among the preferred parts, and the hump is considered a delicacy. The hump contains "white and sickly fat", which can be used to make the

931:, a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other which utilizes countercurrent blood flow to cool blood flowing to the brain. Camels rarely sweat, even when ambient temperatures reach 49 °C (120 °F). Any sweat that does occur evaporates at the skin level rather than at the surface of their coat; the 7590:

He cut the pieces very small and cooked them for a long time. I decided to try something a bit different the following night and cut the pieces a bit bigger and cooked them for less time, as I like my meat rarer than he does. This was a bad idea. It seems that the more you cook camel, the more tender

6711:

He collected together all the camels that had come in the train of his army to carry the provisions and the baggage, and taking off their loads, he mounted riders upon them accoutred as horsemen. These he commanded to advance in front of his other troops against the Lydian horse; behind them were to

8233:

Somali pastoralists are a camel community...There is no other community in the world where the camel plays such a pivotal role in the local economy and culture as in the Somali community. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 1979) estimates, there are approximately 15 million

3375:

The male mature camel has a specialized inflatable diverticulum of the soft palate called the "Dulla". and During rutting the Dulla enlarges on filling with air from the trachea until it hangs out of the mouth of the camel and comes to resemble a pink ball. This occurs in only the one-humped camel.

2155:

Camels provide food in the form of meat and milk. Approximately 3.3 million camels and camelids are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. A camel carcass can provide a substantial amount of meat. The male dromedary carcass can weigh 300–400 kg (661–882 lb), while the carcass of a male

962:

The camel's thick coat insulates it from the intense heat radiated from desert sand; a shorn camel must sweat 50% more to avoid overheating. During the summer the coat becomes lighter in color, reflecting light as well as helping avoid sunburn. The camel's long legs help by keeping its body farther

840:

of a camel is 40 to 50 years. A full-grown adult dromedary camel stands 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) at the shoulder and 2.15 m (7 ft 1 in) at the hump. Bactrian camels can be a foot taller. Camels can run at up to 65 km/h (40 mph) in short bursts and sustain speeds of

926:

and water consumption that would kill most other mammals. Their temperature ranges from 34 °C (93 °F) at dawn and steadily increases to 40 °C (104 °F) by sunset, before they cool off at night again. In general, to compare between camels and the other livestock, camels lose only

910:

Camels have a series of physiological adaptations that allow them to withstand long periods of time without any external source of water. The dromedary camel can drink as seldom as once every 10 days even under very hot conditions, and can lose up to 30% of its body mass due to dehydration. Unlike

1018:

molecules consist of two heavy (or long) chains along the length of the Y, and two light (or short) chains at each tip of the Y. Camels, in addition to these, also have antibodies made of only two heavy chains, a trait that makes them smaller and more durable. These "heavy-chain-only" antibodies,

2507:

is made difficult by the lack of organic material in the carvings that may be tested, so the researchers attempting to date them tested animal bones found associated with the carvings, assessed erosion patterns, and analysed tool marks in order to determine a correct date for the creation of the

5993:

Almathen, Faisal; Charruau, Pauline; Mohandesan, Elmira; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Orozco-terWengel, Pablo; Pitt, Daniel; Abdussamad, Abdussamad M.; Uerpmann, Margarethe; Uerpmann, Hans-Peter; De Cupere, Bea; Magee, Peter; Alnaqeeb, Majed A.; Salim, Bashir; Raziq, Abdul; Dessie, Tadelle (2016-06-14).

4797:

Balmus, Gabriel; Trifonov, Vladimir A.; Biltueva, Larisa S.; O'Brien, Patricia C.M.; Alkalaeva, Elena S.; Fu, Beiyuan; Skidmore, Julian A.; Allen, Twink; et al. (2007). "Cross-species chromosome painting among camel, cattle, pig and human: further insights into the putative Cetartiodactyla

6674:

Nevertheless the military prowess of desert peoples impressed the Romans, who recruited large numbers as auxiliary cavalry and archers. In addition to providing the Roman Army with its best archers, the Easterners (largely Arabs but generally known as 'Syrians') served as Rome's most effective

1763:

could be ridden. The first saddle was positioned to the back of the camel, and control of the Bactrian camel was exercised by means of a stick. However, between 500 and 100 BC, Bactrian camels came into military use. New saddles, which were inflexible and bent, were put over the humps and

2698:

is the only truly wild (as opposed to feral) camel in the world. It is a distinct species that is not ancestral to the domestic Bactrian camel. The wild camels are critically endangered and number approximately 950, inhabiting the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts in China and Mongolia.

1597:. The data indicate that this event occurred not earlier than the last third of the 10th century and most probably during this time. The coincidence of this event with a major reorganization of the copper industry of the region—attributed to the results of the campaign of Pharaoh 1916:. The Imperial Camel Corps comprised infantrymen mounted on camels for movement across desert, though they dismounted at battle sites and fought on foot. After July 1918, the Corps began to become run down, receiving no new reinforcements, and was formally disbanded in 1919. 1509:. A study from 2016, which genotyped and used world-wide sequencing of modern and ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), suggested that they were initially domesticated in the southeast Arabian Peninsula, with the Bactrian type later being domesticated around Central Asia. 974:

Camels' mouths have a thick leathery lining, allowing them to chew thorny desert plants. Long eyelashes and ear hairs, together with nostrils that can close, form a barrier against sand. If sand gets lodged in their eyes, they can dislodge it using their translucent

6061:

Ming, Liang; Yuan, Liyun; Yi, Li; Ding, Guohui; Hasi, Surong; Chen, Gangliang; Jambl, Tuyatsetseg; Hedayat-Evright, Nemat; Batmunkh, Mijiddorj; Badmaevna, Garyaeva Khongr; Gan-Erdene, Tudeviin; Ts, Batsukh; Zhang, Wenbin; Zulipikaer, Azhati; Hosblig (2020-01-07).

8622:

A Practical Treatise on the Treatment of the Diseases of the Elephant, Camel & Horned Cattle: with instructions for improving their efficiency; also, a description of the medicines used in the treatment of their diseases; and a general outline of their

856:

to assert dominance and attract females. It resembles a long, swollen, pink tongue hanging out of the side of the camel's mouth. Camels mate by having both male and female sitting on the ground, with the male mounting from behind. The male usually

1516:, with the practice then moving into Mesopotamia. Heide suggests that mentions of camels "in the patriarchal narratives may refer, at least in some places, to the Bactrian camel", while noting that the camel is not mentioned in relationship to 2889: 2567: 2163:

Camel is one of the animals that can be ritually slaughtered and divided into three portions (one for the home, one for extended family/social networks, and one for those who cannot afford to slaughter an animal themselves) for the

2502:

What may be the oldest carvings of camels were discovered in 2018 in Saudi Arabia. They were analysed by researchers from several scientific disciplines and, in 2021, were estimated to be 7,000 to 8,000 years old. The dating of

1457:

to Asia. They survived in the Old World, and eventually humans domesticated them and spread them globally. Along with many other megafauna in North America, the original wild camels were wiped out during the spread of the first

7539:

Aleme, A., D., 2013. A Review of Camel Meat as a Precious Source of Nutrition in some part of Ethiopia. Agricultural Science, Engineering and Technology Research. Vol. 1, No. 4, December 2013, PP: 40–43. Available online at

1800:, whom the Romans recruited in desert provinces. The camels were used mostly in combat because of their ability to scare off horses at close range (horses are afraid of the camels' scent), a quality famously employed by the 8324: 6542:

The camel was acclimatized in Egypt long before the time of Christ and was subsequently adopted by the Berbers of the desert, who used camel cavalry to fight the Romans. The Berbers spread the use of the camel across the

7391:

As evening approaches we are offered camel meat boats, dumplings stuffed with a finely chopped mixture of meat and vegetables, followed by camel milk tea and finally, warm fresh camel's milk to aid digestion and help us

5801:

Yuan, Junxia; Hu, Jiaming; Liu, Wenhui; Chen, Shungang; Zhang, Fengli; Wang, Siren; Zhang, Zhen; Wang, Linying; Xiao, Bo; Li, Fuqiang; Hofreiter, Michael; Lai, Xulong; Westbury, Michael V.; Sheng, Guilian (May 2024).

950:

and is reabsorbed into the body as a means to conserve water. Camels eating green herbage can ingest sufficient moisture in milder conditions to maintain their bodies' hydrated state without the need for drinking.

4041:

Rehan S and AS Qureshi, 2006. Microscopic evaluation of the heart, kidneys and adrenal glands of one-humped camel calves (Camelus dromedarius) using semi automated image analysis system. J Camel Pract Res. 13(2):

4021: 7454:

Tariq, M., Rabia, R., Jamil, A., Sakhwat, A., Aadil, A., & Muhammad S., 2010. Minerals and Nutritional Composition of Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) Meat in Pakistan. Journal- Chemical Society of Pakistan, Vol

6577:

Other trials of the camel were made in 1859 by Major D. H. Vinton, who used twenty-four of them in carrying burdens for a surveying party...All in all, he concluded, the camel was much superior to the mule.

2246:, and other arid regions where alternative forms of protein may be limited or where camel meat has had a long cultural history. Camel blood is also consumable, as is the case among pastoralists in northern 2107: 2530: 1949:

in 1942 adopted local camels as draft animals due to shortage of trucks and horses, and kept them even after moving out of the area. Despite severe losses, some of these camels ended up as far west as to

927:

1.3 liters of fluid intake every day while the other livestock lose 20 to 40 liters per day. Maintaining the brain temperature within certain limits is critical for animals; to assist this, camels have a

1002:

have a smaller diameter, which reduces surface area for filtration. These two major anatomical characteristics enable camels to conserve water and limit the volume of urine in extreme desert conditions.

6297:

Heide, Martin (2011). "The Domestication of the Camel: Biological, Archaeological and Inscriptional Evidence from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israel and Arabia, and Literary Evidence from the Hebrew Bible".

6121:

Heide, Martin (2011). "The Domestication of the Camel: Biological, Archaeological and Inscriptional Evidence from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israel and Arabia, and Literary Evidence from the Hebrew Bible".

2483:: "But these you shall not eat among those that bring up the cud and those that have a cloven hoof: the camel, because it brings up its cud, but does not have a cloven hoof; it is unclean for you." 1512:

Martin Heide's 2010 work on the domestication of the camel tentatively concludes that humans had domesticated the Bactrian camel by at least the middle of the third millennium somewhere east of the

935:

therefore comes from body heat rather than ambient heat. Camels can withstand losing 25% of their body weight in water, whereas most other mammals can withstand only about 12–14% dehydration before

3854: 8074: 2545: 2512:

dating would make the carvings significantly older than Stonehenge (5,000 years old) and the Egyptian pyramids at Giza (4,500 years old) and it predates estimates for the domestication of camels.

8388: 2846: 1628: 879:

Camels do not directly store water in their humps; they are reservoirs of fatty tissue. When this tissue is metabolized, it yields a greater mass of water than that of the fat processed. This

2518: 1033:

therapy will surpass natural camel antibodies by reaching locations currently unreachable due to natural antibodies' larger size. Such therapies may also be suitable for other mammals. Tran

841:

up to 40 km/h (25 mph). Bactrian camels weigh 300 to 1,000 kg (660 to 2,200 lb) and dromedaries 300 to 600 kg (660 to 1,320 lb). The widening toes on a camel's

7913: 1263:

during the late Miocene, between 7.5 and 6.5 million years ago. During the Pleistocene, around 3 to 1 million years ago, the North American Camelidae spread to South America as part of the

1174:

injections. The cama is halfway in size between a camel and a llama and lacks a hump. It has ears intermediate between those of camels and llamas, longer legs than the llama, and partially

3349:

Abu-Zidana, Fikri M.; Eida, Hani O.; Hefnya, Ashraf F.; Bashira, Masoud O.; Branickia, Frank (18 December 2011). "Camel bite injuries in United Arab Emirates: A 6 year prospective study".

6498: 1283:. This creature is estimated to have stood around nine feet (2.7 metres) tall. The Bactrian camel diverged from the dromedary about 1 million years ago, according to the fossil record. 7725: 7677: 4878:

Mohandesan, Elmira; Fitak, Robert R.; Corander, Jukka; Yadamsuren, Adiya; Chuluunbat, Battsetseg; Abdelhadi, Omer; Raziq, Abdul; Nagy, Peter; Stalder, Gabrielle (30 August 2017).

1162:) about 1 million years ago. New World and Old World camelids diverged about 11 million years ago. In spite of this, these species can hybridize and produce viable offspring. The 8353: 6241: 3679: 2687:

experiment. When the project ended, they were used as draft animals in mines and escaped or were released. Twenty-five U.S. camels were bought and exported to Canada during the

1416: 6780: 4750:

Di Berardino, D.; Nicodemo, D.; Coppola, G.; King, A.W.; Ramunno, L.; Cosenza, G.F.; Iannuzzi, L.; Di Meo, G.P.; et al. (2006). "Cytogenetic characterization of alpaca (

1668: 919:

variation without rupturing when drinking large amounts of water: a 600 kg (1,300 lb) camel can drink 200 L (53 US gal) of water in three minutes.

3820: 3850: 7693: 1593:

enable us to pinpoint the introduction of domestic camels to the southern Levant more precisely based on stratigraphic contexts associated with an extensive suite of

3530: 5888:

Both the dromedary (the seven-humped camel of Arabia) and the Bactrian camel (the two-humped camel of Central Asia) had been domesticated since before 2000 BC.

5333: 4425:

Buscher, Philippe; Gonzatti, Mary; Hebert, Laurent; Inoue, Noboru; Pascucci, Ilaria; Schnaufer, Achim; Suganuma, Keisuke; Touratier, Louis; Reet, Nick (2019).

2114:

and vegetable rennet in the 1990s. The cheese produced from this process has low levels of cholesterol and is easy to digest, even for the lactose intolerant.

8654: 8011: 5916:

As has already been mentioned, this type of utilization goes back to the earliest known period of two-humped camel domestication in the third millennium B.C.

1116:

of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups, but no agreement on chromosome nomenclature of camelids has been reached. A 2007 study

971:. When the animal lies down in a sternal recumbent position, the pedestal raises the body from the hot surface and allows cooling air to pass under the body. 4947:"Monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus)" 1558:

did not think that the occasional mention of camels in the Bible meant that the domestic camels were common in the Holy Land at that time. The archaeologist

5201: 4628:

Koulischer, L; Tijskens, J; Mortelmans, J (1971). "Mammalian cytogenetics. IV. The chromosomes of two male Camelidae: Camelus bactrianus and Lama vicugna".

1764:

divided the rider's weight over the animal. In the seventh century BC the military Arabian saddle evolved, which again improved the saddle design slightly.

6840: 356: 2002:" with prize money of $ 57m (£40m). In 2018, 12 camels were disqualified from the beauty contest after their owners were found to have injected them with 3742:

Breulmann, M., Böer, B., Wernery, U., Wernery, R., El Shaer, H., Alhadrami, G., ... Norton, J. (2007). "The Camel From Tradition to Modern Times" (PDF).

3440:. International Livestock Centre for Africa Monograph. Vol. 5. Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa. pp. 1, 3, 20–21, 65, 67–68. 2816: 1029:

wherever camels are domesticated in the world, and resultantly camels have evolved trypanolytic antibodies as with many mammals. In the future, nanobody/

329: 8378: 7658:

As the meat can be dry, however, the Abu Dhabi Officer's Club, for one, serves camel burger with beef or lamb fat mixed in, improving texture and taste.

6267: 4880:"Mitogenome Sequencing in the Genus Camelus Reveals Evidence for Purifying Selection and Long-term Divergence between Wild and Domestic Bactrian Camels" 4690:

Bunch, Thomas D.; Foote, Warren C.; Maciulis, Alma (1985). "Chromosome banding pattern homologies and NORs for the Bactrian camel, guanaco, and llama".

1601:—raises the possibility that the two were connected, and that camels were introduced as part of the efforts to improve efficiency by facilitating trade. 8182: 3644: 7761: 8664: 1648: 7577: 3729: 3775: 915:

are oval rather than circular in shape. This facilitates the flow of red blood cells during dehydration and makes them better at withstanding high

7925: 5850: 5171: 4845: 4084: 3251: 1998:

The annual King Abdulaziz Camel Festival is held in Saudi Arabia. In addition to camel racing and camel milk tasting, the festival holds a camel "

14818: 1590: 4142: 2589: 3892: 1872:

in 1861 saw the end of the Camel Corps: Texas became part of the Confederacy, and most of the camels were left to wander away into the desert.

8207:

Farah, K. O.; Nyariki, D. M.; Ngugi, R. K.; Noor, I. M.; Guliye, A. Y. (2004). "The Somali and the Camel: Ecology, Management and Economics".

7338: 6490: 5648:"Collagen sequence analysis of fossil camels, Camelops and c.f. Paracamelus, from the Arctic and sub-Arctic of Plio-Pleistocene North America" 1019:

discovered in 1993, are thought to have developed 50 million years ago, after camelids split from ruminants and pigs. Camels suffer from

14870: 1395: 8195:

A four-year drought is threatening the lives of Somali nomads, and those of the camel herds on which they depend for transportation and milk

7035: 7717: 4517:

Magez, Stefan; Radwanska, Magdalena (2009). "African trypanosomiasis and antibodies: implications for vaccination, therapy and diagnosis".

5285: 14490: 6572: 6184: 8410: 7963: 6613: 6210: 1120:

camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found that the karyotype consisted of one

3460: 2266: 1527:

by Lidar Sapir-Hen and Erez Ben-Yosef discovered what may be the earliest domestic camel bones yet found in Israel or even outside the

1462:

from Asia into North America, 10 to 12,000 years ago; although fossils have never been associated with definitive evidence of hunting.

7283: 7021: 5132: 3683: 3625: 7885: 14792: 6784: 1990:

were equipped with small arms and led by Spanish officers. The unit guarded outposts and sometimes conducted patrols on camelback.

7378: 14831: 8101: 7112: 5963: 5698:"The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" 5106: 3810: 3642:

Eitan, A; Aloni, B; Livne, A (1976). "Unique properties of the camel erythrocyte membraneII. Organization of membrane proteins".

3335:

Fayed, R. H. "Adaptation of the Camel to Desert environment." Proceedings of the ESARF 11th Annual Conference. Available at:<

503:

especially suited to their desert habitat and are a vital means of transport for passengers and cargo. There are three surviving

7603: 7430: 5447:

Heintzman, Peter D.; Zazula, Grant D.; Cahill, James A.; Reyes, Alberto V.; MacPhee, Ross D.E.; Shapiro, Beth (September 2015).

8691: 7501: 7359: 7320: 3503: 530:

is also used informally in a wider sense, where the more correct term is "camelid", to include all seven species of the family

8035: 5002:

Stanley, H. F.; Kadwell, M.; Wheeler, J. C. (1994). "Molecular Evolution of the Family Camelidae: A Mitochondrial DNA Study".

4655:

Bianchi, N. O.; Larramendy, M. L.; Bianchi, M. S.; Cortés, L. (1986). "Karyological conservatism in South American camelids".

3310: 2449:

to roam there; the location where the camel stopped to rest determined the location where he would build his house in Medina.

14849: 14302: 8595: 8574: 8555: 8501: 8339: 7957: 7524: 7089: 6439: 6422: 6327: 6159: 5909: 5881: 4734: 3025: 14836: 7408: 6698: 5587:

Rybczynski, Natalia; Gosse, John C.; Harington, C. Richard; Wogelius, Roy A.; Hidy, Alan J.; Buckley, Mike (March 5, 2013).

3073: 14977: 14307: 8443: 7690: 6333: 3866: 1860:, where they nowadays serve as the Benicia Historical Museum. Though the experimental use of camels was seen as a success ( 764: 5227: 2075:

of desert nomad tribes and is sometimes considered a meal itself; a nomad can live on only camel milk for almost a month.

1608: 979:(also known as the nictitating membrane). The camels' gait and widened feet help them move without sinking into the sand. 13134: 6877:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 30 August 2009. pp. 1, 2, 4, 5. Archived from 6870: 6724: 3398: 2694:

The Bactrian camel is, as of 2010, reduced to an estimated 1.4 million animals, most of which are domesticated. The

2494:, who claim descent from Jews, reportedly avoid eating camel meat, a practice cited as evidence of their Jewish origins. 2340:, a state of impurity is brought on by the consumption of it. Consequently, these schools hold that Muslims must perform 8309: 6758: 5497:

Rybczynski, Natalia; Gosse, John C.; Richard Harington, C.; Wogelius, Roy A.; Hidy, Alan J.; Buckley, Mike (June 2013).

1531:, dating to around 930 BC. This garnered considerable media coverage, as it is strong evidence that the stories of 8590:. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. Vol. 26. Rome: Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations. 4068: 3920: 3288: 1923:, which consisted of a group of Egyptian camel drivers and their camels. The Corps supported British war operations in 1459: 8442:

Jemmett, Anna M.; Groombridge, Jim J.; Hare, John; Yadamsuren, Adiya; Burger, Pamela A.; Ewen, John G. (March 2023).

8158: 8133: 7833: 7264: 7169: 6997: 6972: 6917: 6823: 6667: 6642: 6607: 6535: 6473: 6386: 5940: 5785: 5757: 5571: 5364: 5269: 4373: 3997: 3966: 3723: 3598: 3566: 3538: 2262: 2165: 2103: 7859: 7201: 5325: 3011: 2633:

There are approximately 14 million camels alive as of 2010, with 90% being dromedaries. Dromedaries alive today are

8003: 4593:

Taylor, K.M.; Hungerford, D.A.; Snyder, R.L.; Ulmer Jr., F.A. (1968). "Uniformity of karyotypes in the Camelidae".

2657:). The Horn region alone has the largest concentration of camels in the world, where the dromedaries constitute an 1727: 1554:

The existence of camels in Mesopotamia—but not in the eastern Mediterranean lands—is not a new idea. The historian

861:

three or four times within a single mating session. Camelids are the only ungulates to mate in a sitting position.

14359: 4106: 14972: 14875: 5193: 4360: 1007:

comes out as a thick syrup, and camel faeces are so dry that they do not require drying when used to fuel fires.

605: 270: 6848: 963:

from the ground, which can heat up to 70 °C (158 °F). Dromedaries have a pad of thick tissue over the

13275: 5647: 4014:"Morphometric analysis of heart, kidneys and adrenal glands in dromedary camel calves (PDF Download Available)" 3017: 2179:

Officers' Club serves a camel burger mixed with beef or lamb fat in order to improve the texture and taste. In

1920: 1320:, coinciding with the migration of humans from Asia at the end of the Pleistocene, around 13–11,000 years ago. 1094: 1059: 8659: 8644: 8240: 5382:"Description of a fossil camelid from the Pleistocene of Argentina, and a cladistic analysis of the Camelinae" 2824: 1365: 14957: 14914: 14857: 9043: 8444:"What's in a name? Common name misuse potentially confounds the conservation of the wild camel Camelus ferus" 8174: 7671: 7628: 6275: 4298: 3924: 2725: 1489:

When humans first domesticated camels is disputed. Dromedaries may have first been domesticated by humans in

6064:"Whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia reveals origin and migration of domestic Bactrian camels" 1868:

in 1858, recommended that funds be allocated towards obtaining a thousand more camels), the outbreak of the

14589: 9832: 8383: 7753: 2634: 2337: 2187:

from camel meat. Specialist camel butchers provide expert cuts, with the hump considered the most popular.

1909: 1791: 1088: 875:

Camel humps store fat for when food is scarce. If a camel uses the fat, the hump will become limp and droop

853: 6945:

A great deal of the work of supplying the troops on both fronts has been done by the Camel Transport Corps

5996:"Ancient and modern DNA reveal dynamics of domestication and cross-continental dispersal of the dromedary" 14844: 14745: 14740: 14727: 14452: 14312: 8496:. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 7569: 3787: 3783: 2458: 1317: 1166:

is a camel-llama hybrid bred by scientists to see how closely related the parent species are. Scientists

5163: 3259: 1350: 998:. Thus, the medullary part of a camel's kidney occupies twice as much area as a cow's kidney. Secondly, 14018: 9112: 8684: 8485:

Camels and Camel Milk. Report Issued by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (1982)

5842: 4857: 4307: 4092: 3958: 3199:"Genetic diversity and population structure of Mongolian domestic Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)" 2785: 2680: 1264: 17: 14901: 7219: 5448: 3953:

Rundel, Philip Wilson; Gibson, Arthur C. (30 September 2005). "Adaptations of Mojave Desert Animals".

14354: 13361: 12089: 9034: 9025: 7065:

Jupiter Infomedia Ltd (28 November 2012). "Bikaner Camel Corps, Presidency Armies in British India".

4150: 3758: 1082: 129: 6731:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 30 August 2009. Archived from 6361: 3982:

Silverstein, Alvin; Silverstein, Virginia B; Silverstein, Virginia; Silverstein Nunn, Laura (2008).

3902: 1705:

from the 17th century onwards, and from the 19th century a mixture of wool and camel hair was used.

177: 14942: 14495: 14427: 14317: 13860: 11876: 7334: 3148:"Old World camels in a modern world – a balancing act between conservation and genetic improvement" 1771:

in wars throughout Africa, the Middle East, and their use continues into the modern-day within the

1548: 936: 8256: 6940: 1986:). Operational from the 1930s until the end of the Spanish presence in the territory in 1975, the 14475: 14276: 13127: 12525: 11918: 9814: 8955: 7043: 6523:

Africa and the World: An Introduction to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa from Antiquity to 1840

5803: 3885: 1897:, and camel-mounted units remained in service until the end of French rule over Algeria in 1962. 1890: 1882: 1678: 12038: 9474: 8547: 8535: 7170:"Over 40 Camels Disqualified From Beauty Contest in Saudi Arabia For Receiving Botox Injections" 6634: 6628: 6414: 6406: 14888: 14667: 14286: 14261: 14229: 13169: 9576: 9282: 9201: 7546: 6815: 5300: 4726: 4431: 3376:

Copious saliva turns to foam covering the mouth as the male gurgles and makes metallic sounds.

2730: 2673: 2015: 1931: 1470: 1170:

from a camel via an artificial vagina and inseminated a llama after stimulating ovulation with

1100: 1030: 31: 14823: 8379:"Australia Culls 100,000 Feral Camels To Limit Environmental Damage, Many More Will Be Killed" 6964: 6958: 6909: 6556: 6527: 6521: 6176: 6149: 5930: 887:(as oxygen is required for the metabolic process): overall, there is a net decrease in water. 14947: 14883: 14562: 14505: 14437: 14339: 13865: 12726: 11756: 9981: 9210: 9094: 8677: 8417: 7947: 6662:. Rome's Enemies. Vol. 5 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Osprey Publishing. p. 4. 6595: 6211:"The Introduction of Domestic Camels to the Southern Levant: Evidence from the Aravah Valley" 5593: 3711: 2019: 1783:

in 853 BC. Armies have also used camels as freight animals instead of horses and mules.

1772: 1752: 1724: 1380: 1335: 816: 697: 520: 8649: 6901: 6807: 4718: 3468: 2972:

Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern

2952: 14766: 14714: 14281: 14271: 13033: 12799: 12790: 12735: 12360: 12324: 12297: 11705: 11696: 11141: 11132: 9498: 9357: 9300: 9246: 7931: 7291: 7013: 6007: 5602: 5510: 5393: 5140: 5011: 4893: 3618: 2919: 2851:(Mammalia, Camelidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of Ethiopia and the Phylogeny of the Genus" 2661:. They provide nomadic people in Somalia and Ethiopia with milk, food, and transportation. 1901: 1829: 1731: 1216:, which walked on the tips of its toes, also existed around this time, and the long-necked 932: 8126:

You Must Remember This: Easy Tricks & Proven Tips to Never Forget Anything, Ever Again

7591:

it becomes. So we had what amounted to two pounds or more of rubber for dinner that night.

4703: 4315: 1329:

roamed Asia during the Late Pleistocene, before becoming extinct around 20,000 years ago.

894:

A camel's thick coat is one of its many adaptations that aid it in desert-like conditions.

483:

that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. Camels have long been

8: 14962: 14572: 14266: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14224: 14216: 13176: 12979: 12681: 12672: 12420: 12288: 12261: 12197: 11858: 11738: 11687: 9366: 9273: 8864: 8280:"Demography of feral camels in central Australia and its relevance to population control" 7989: 7670:

Jasra, Abdel Wahid; Isani, G. B.; Camel Applied Research and Development Network (2000).

7256: 5589:"Mid-Pliocene warm-period deposits in the High Arctic yield insight into camel evolution" 5499:"Mid-Pliocene warm-period deposits in the High Arctic yield insight into camel evolution" 4528: 4519: 3989: 3983: 2695: 2658: 2397: 2293: 1966: 1958: 1857: 1743: 1559: 1474: 1210:

was the size of a goat and had many more traits similar to camels and llamas. The hoofed

1140: 1050: 903: 705: 516: 410: 314: 286: 8484: 8032: 7669: 7220:"Australia's Growing Camel Meat Trade Reveals a Hidden History of Early Muslim Migrants" 7142: 6934: 6011: 5696:

Geraads, Denis; Didier, Gilles; Barr, Andrew; Reed, Denne; Laurin, Michel (April 2020).

5606: 5514: 5397: 5015: 4945:

Ji, R; Cui, P; Ding, F; Geng, J; Gao, H; Zhang, H; Yu, J; Hu, S; Meng, H (August 2009).

4897: 2923: 1520:. Heide and Joris Peters reasserted that conclusion in their 2021 study on the subject. 14967: 14614: 14254: 14144: 13945: 13268: 13120: 13066: 13057: 12429: 12369: 12351: 12333: 12279: 12252: 12243: 11867: 11849: 11783: 11476: 11202: 10679: 10670: 10389: 9823: 9291: 9103: 9085: 8964: 8299: 8224: 7809: 7784: 7374: 6349: 6233: 6098: 6063: 6038: 5995: 5804:"Camelus knoblochi genome reveals the complex evolutionary history of Old World camels" 5719: 5678: 5623: 5588: 5539: 5498: 5424: 5381: 5079: 5054: 5035: 4979: 4946: 4922: 4884: 4879: 4823: 4779: 4672: 4572: 4540: 4504: 4496: 4483: 4426: 4411: 4398: 4355: 4275: 4262: 4228: 4223: 4204: 3815: 3225: 3198: 3174: 3147: 3131: 3096: 2881: 2623: 2277: 2049: 2023: 1935: 1869: 1841: 1747: 1594: 1438: 1402: 1288: 1025: 642: 565: 519:

is a distinct species that is not ancestral to the domestic Bactrian camel, and is now

391: 307: 172: 8098: 7652:

Arthur, Rick (4 January 2012). "The Instant Expert: camels, the ships of the desert".

7120: 5971: 5234:. Government of Yukon, Department of Tourism and Culture, Museums Unit. Archived from 5102: 3955:

Ecological Communities And Processes in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem: Rock Valley, Nevada

2403:

Islamic texts contain several stories featuring camels. In the story of the people of

1573:

The introduction of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) as a pack animal to the

663: 534:: the true camels (the above three species), along with the "New World" camelids: the 14952: 14753: 14705: 14540: 14442: 14047: 13898: 13611: 12699: 12690: 12378: 12306: 12234: 12065: 12047: 11900: 10850: 10245: 10236: 10088: 9990: 9769: 9736: 9679: 9549: 9076: 8937: 8601: 8591: 8570: 8551: 8515: 8507: 8497: 8463: 8345: 8335: 8154: 8129: 7953: 7814: 7520: 7260: 6993: 6968: 6913: 6902: 6819: 6808: 6663: 6638: 6603: 6564: 6531: 6469: 6418: 6382: 6323: 6229: 6155: 6103: 6085: 6043: 6025: 5936: 5905: 5877: 5823: 5781: 5753: 5727: 5670: 5628: 5567: 5544: 5526: 5479: 5471: 5449:"Genomic Data from Extinct North American Camelops Revise Camel Evolutionary History" 5429: 5411: 5360: 5265: 5084: 5027: 4984: 4966: 4962: 4927: 4909: 4815: 4771: 4730: 4719: 4637: 4610: 4564: 4556: 4548: 4500: 4488: 4470: 4462: 4454: 4403: 4385: 4327: 4319: 4267: 4249: 4196: 4179: 4064: 4013: 3993: 3962: 3858: 3719: 3661: 3657: 3594: 3562: 3534: 3366: 3230: 3179: 3118: 3031: 3021: 2948:

Palæontological Memoirs and Notes of the Late Hugh Falconer: Fauna antiqua sivalensis

2885: 2873: 2688: 2679:

A small population of introduced camels, dromedaries and Bactrians, wandered through

2180: 2111: 1820: 1809: 1787: 1528: 1498: 1325: 1280: 1268: 463: 338: 14164: 13566: 8585: 8491: 8304: 7495: 7353: 7314: 6237: 5682: 5039: 4827: 4783: 4676: 4576: 4279: 4208: 3491: 3197:

Chuluunbat, B.; Charruau, P.; Silbermayr, K.; Khorloojav, T.; Burger, P. A. (2014).

1974: 1200:). It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands of what is now 14609: 14510: 14404: 14399: 13908: 13820: 13746: 13731: 13681: 13224: 13093: 12847: 12838: 12717: 12558: 12549: 12342: 12014: 12005: 11953: 11944: 11792: 11765: 11678: 11458: 11066: 10492: 10483: 10473: 10446: 10167: 10036: 9237: 9228: 9219: 9001: 8992: 8928: 8855: 8846: 8455: 8291: 8228: 8220: 8216: 7804: 7796: 6225: 6130: 6093: 6075: 6033: 6015: 5815: 5709: 5662: 5618: 5610: 5534: 5518: 5463: 5419: 5401: 5074: 5066: 5019: 4974: 4958: 4917: 4901: 4807: 4763: 4699: 4664: 4602: 4532: 4478: 4444: 4415: 4393: 4377: 4369: 4311: 4257: 4241: 4188: 3897: 3653: 3358: 3220: 3212: 3169: 3161: 3126: 3108: 2992: 2987: 2967: 2927: 2865: 2684: 2413: 2314: 2087: 1951: 1865: 1845: 1833: 1780: 1544: 1513: 1121: 1067: 999: 923: 14758: 7404: 7081: 4354:

Tran, Thao; Claes, Filip; Verloo, Didier; Greve, Henri; Buscher, Philippe (2009).

4192: 2946: 14937: 14545: 14447: 13885: 13840: 13830: 13671: 13448: 13305: 12823: 12814: 12762: 12753: 12534: 11391: 11382: 10859: 10455: 9507: 9417: 9255: 9067: 8946: 8919: 8910: 8244: 8105: 8051: 8039: 7921: 7886:"The beasts that beat the drought: Camels sought after for meat, milk and cheese" 7697: 7249: 6692: 6376: 4296:

Muyldermans, Serge (2013-06-02). "Nanobodies: Natural Single-Domain Antibodies".

3981: 3499: 3362: 3152: 3065: 2931: 2761: 2604: 2599: 2581: 2559: 2537: 2487: 2418: 2377: 2357: 2329: 1924: 1853: 1760: 1574: 1555: 1182:, camas are sterile, despite both parents having the same number of chromosomes. 1167: 837: 783: 365: 14862: 14719: 7290:. FAO's Animal Production and Health Division. 25 September 2012. Archived from 6960:

A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War

6317: 6177:"Hump stump solved: Camels arrived in region much later than biblical reference" 5666: 3842: 3113: 1889:

and Arab insurgents, as previous efforts to defeat them on foot had failed. The

14732: 14515: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14038: 13870: 13726: 13551: 13516: 13491: 13483: 13428: 13393: 13159: 13023: 12961: 12591: 12582: 12107: 12056: 11977: 11968: 11909: 11747: 11449: 11271: 11262: 10817: 10784: 10766: 10254: 10064: 9939: 9778: 8766: 8738: 7233: 6992:. Area handbook series (3rd ed.). Kessinger Publishing. pp. 230–231. 6402: 5406: 5235: 4905: 4440: 4245: 3762: 3590: 2869: 2774: 2716: 2638: 2270: 2206:

enjoyed camel's heel. Camel meat is mainly eaten in certain regions, including

2191: 1999: 1983: 1979: 1615: 1313: 1038: 990:

of a camel are very efficient at reabsorbing water. Camels' kidneys have a 1:4

912: 852:

in his throat, a large, inflatable sac that he extrudes from his mouth when in

512: 500: 447: 439: 347: 159: 8669: 8459: 8332:

Managing the impacts of feral camels in Australia: a new way of doing business

6878: 6732: 6080: 5819: 4811: 4449: 3388: 2524:

Shadda (cover,detail), Karabagh region, southwest Caucasus, early 19th century

2292:

but also to Europe and the US, for many years. The meat is very popular among

2143: 1945:

in the Caucasian region. At the same period the Soviet units operating around

14931: 14650: 14557: 14462: 14377: 14349: 14199: 14099: 13950: 13913: 13800: 13706: 13701: 13676: 13536: 13521: 13355: 13335: 13320: 13261: 13232: 12648: 12630: 12516: 12453: 12444: 11503: 11238: 11211: 10982: 10892: 10883: 10868: 10733: 10697: 10652: 10589: 10580: 10097: 10055: 9948: 9914: 9904: 9805: 9787: 9450: 9399: 9309: 8873: 8605: 8519: 8511: 8467: 8349: 6754: 6568: 6089: 6029: 5731: 5723: 5530: 5475: 5415: 5380:

Lynch, Sinéad; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.; Balcarcel, Ana (December 2020).

5055:"Hybridizing Old and New World camelids: Camelus dromedarius x Lama guanicoe" 4970: 4913: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4474: 4458: 4389: 4323: 4253: 4177:

Koenig, R. (2007). "'Camelized' Antibodies Make Waves". Veterinary Medicine.

3862: 3122: 3007: 2877: 2491: 2372: 2285: 2136: 1962: 1861: 1768: 1714: 1639: 1371: 1206: 1171: 1163: 1011: 995: 928: 792: 772: 601: 321: 266: 80: 8279: 7110: 6374: 6020: 5467: 3928: 3284: 3035: 2014:

Camel meat and milk are foods that are found in many cuisines, typically in

14579: 14567: 14535: 14419: 14104: 14043: 14008: 13968: 13766: 13603: 13591: 13501: 13398: 13310: 13237: 13042: 13011: 12901: 12573: 12387: 12315: 12188: 12131: 12122: 11840: 11774: 11536: 11494: 11409: 11220: 10940: 10931: 10793: 10724: 10613: 10604: 10346: 10115: 9796: 9751: 9718: 9489: 9381: 9348: 9264: 7818: 7800: 7783:

Bin Saeed, Abdulaziz A.; Al-Hamdan, Nasser A.; Fontaine, Robert E. (2005).

7700: 7187: 6134: 6107: 6047: 5827: 5714: 5697: 5674: 5632: 5548: 5483: 5433: 5088: 5070: 5053:

Skidmore, J. A.; Billah, M.; Binns, M.; Short, R. V.; Allen, W. R. (1999).

5023: 4988: 4931: 4819: 4775: 4568: 4492: 4407: 4331: 4271: 4237: 4200: 3370: 3234: 3183: 2745: 2735: 2710: 2472: 2350:

after eating camel meat. Also, some Islamic schools of thought consider it

2219: 2199: 1942: 1894: 1702: 1524: 1502: 1494: 1443: 1432: 1421: 1309: 1201: 1148: 1129: 1125: 1117: 991: 976: 958:

Domesticated camel calves lying in sternal recumbency, which aids heat loss

653: 484: 421: 278: 5748:

Worboys, Graeme L.; Francis, Wendy L.; Lockwood, Michael (30 March 2010).

5031: 4641: 4614: 3339:. tripod. com/conf2001proc. htm>,(accessed on November 18, 2010). 2001. 1877: 1738: 1505:

around 2,500 BC, as at Shar-i Sokhta (also known as the Burnt City),

883:, while releasing energy, causes water to evaporate from the lungs during 14805: 14699: 14690: 14639: 14550: 14500: 14485: 14470: 14189: 14179: 14149: 14079: 14074: 14013: 13998: 13940: 13935: 13920: 13741: 13721: 13646: 13636: 13621: 13616: 13571: 13541: 13531: 13496: 13473: 13345: 13340: 13199: 12663: 12411: 11573: 11527: 11518: 11467: 11419: 11280: 11122: 10715: 10706: 10534: 10328: 10319: 10309: 10203: 10046: 9856: 9847: 9760: 9603: 9525: 9408: 9333: 9324: 8701: 8543: 7465: 4508: 4381: 4089:

Temperature and Water Relations in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

4063:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, US. pp. 68, 129, 266, 762. 3665: 2756: 2750: 2650: 2480: 2426: 2393: 2289: 2169: 2072: 1913: 1885:

in the Sahara in order to exercise greater control over the camel-riding

1825: 1563: 1478: 1255: 1218: 1175: 1076: 1004: 943: 716: 586: 560: 471: 378: 229: 55: 5496: 4717:

O'Brien, Stephen J.; Menninger, Joan C.; Nash, William G., eds. (2006).

4224:"Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931–2017) – a literature review" 2370:

in places where camels lie, as it is said to be a dwelling place of the

634: 14797: 14619: 14594: 14114: 14109: 14028: 13875: 13736: 13443: 13438: 13403: 12270: 12170: 11995: 11587: 11009: 10991: 10742: 10437: 10422: 10413: 10380: 10157: 9963: 9880: 9871: 9646: 9637: 9516: 9441: 8982: 8803: 5614: 5522: 4668: 4114: 3203: 2740: 2654: 2243: 2203: 2091: 2065: 2035: 1849: 1801: 1796: 1692: 1635: 1598: 1386: 1356: 1341: 1212: 1192: 987: 858: 724: 496: 492: 100: 65: 5566:(8th revised ed.). New Delhi: Rastogi Publications. p. 334. 4767: 4606: 4536: 3216: 3196: 3165: 2845:

Geraads, D.; Barr, W. A.; Reed, D.; Laurin, M.; Alemseged, Z. (2019).

14810: 14779: 14432: 14154: 14062: 14052: 14033: 14003: 13855: 13815: 13781: 13751: 13686: 13546: 13511: 13433: 13413: 13370: 13300: 13164: 13143: 12970: 12891: 12744: 12615: 12606: 12080: 11654: 11645: 11630: 11621: 11485: 11057: 10841: 10775: 10661: 10176: 9972: 9661: 9585: 9465: 9016: 8901: 8891: 8785: 8776: 8665:"Could Emirati camels hold the key to treating venomous snake bites?" 8493:

The technology of making cheese from camel milk (Camelus dromedarius)

2780: 2509: 2389: 2255: 2176: 2118: 2108:École Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires 2098:

was unable to coagulate the milk proteins to allow the collection of

1946: 1113: 884: 880: 728: 691: 531: 508: 488: 239: 189: 137: 105: 14661: 13214: 12937: 8312:

from the original on Mar 29, 2024 – via DAF eResearch Archive.

8295: 5646:

Buckley, Michael; Lawless, Craig; Rybczynski, Natalia (March 2019).

4059:

Davidson, Alan; Davidson, Jane (15 October 2006). Jaine, Tom (ed.).

2536:

Vessel in the form of a recumbent camel with jugs, 250 BC – 224 AD,

2060: 1719: 1427: 1243: 954: 547: 14784: 14684: 14604: 14599: 14409: 14159: 14139: 14134: 14124: 14119: 13988: 13978: 13930: 13893: 13696: 13651: 13626: 13586: 13556: 13506: 13418: 13408: 12879: 12507: 12179: 11891: 11729: 11669: 11334: 11033: 10565: 10510: 10398: 10227: 9703: 9694: 9670: 9558: 9432: 9182: 9058: 8754: 8732: 8720: 8237: 7676:. The Camel Applied Research and Development Network. p. 164. 5904:. Morningside Book Series. Columbia University Press. p. 183. 2790: 2767: 2504: 2476: 2430: 2250:, where camel blood is drunk with milk and acts as a key source of 2239: 2215: 2006:. In a similar incident in 2021, over 40 camels were disqualified. 1759:

By at least 1200 BC the first camel saddles had appeared, and

1619: 1578: 1454: 1305: 1297: 1272: 1260: 1227: 1015: 947: 787: 249: 209: 95: 90: 75: 70: 60: 48: 5992: 5919:—Note that Bulliet has many more references to early use of camels 5297:

North Dakota Industrial Commission Department of Mineral Resources

4466: 2664: 2131: 1453:, camels originated in North America and eventually spread across 733: 14909: 14480: 14344: 14194: 14174: 14057: 13983: 13850: 13825: 13795: 13787: 13771: 13756: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13641: 13631: 13581: 13526: 13388: 13325: 13292: 13242: 13204: 13084: 12919: 12780: 12639: 12029: 11816: 11807: 11720: 11606: 11597: 11569: 11325: 11229: 11193: 11108: 11104: 11075: 11000: 10688: 10561: 10522: 10106: 10023: 9929: 9192: 9142: 8837: 8626: 4877: 4796: 3013:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2646: 2396:

may be used for medical treatment if necessary, but according to

2319: 2297: 2281: 2211: 2207: 2190:

Camel meat has been eaten for centuries. It has been recorded by

2090:

is then added. Until recently, camel milk could not be made into

2040: 1905: 1532: 1490: 1301: 1247: 1223: 964: 916: 890: 657: 569: 543: 511:

makes up 94% of the world's camel population, and the two-humped

504: 151: 110: 85: 8441: 8175:"Drought threatening Somali nomads, UN humanitarian office says" 5586: 1982:

tribesmen serving in the colonial army in Spanish Sahara (today

1196:, lived in North America 40 to 50 million years ago (during the 14169: 14069: 14023: 13924: 13903: 13845: 13835: 13805: 13691: 13576: 13423: 13378: 13194: 13186: 12928: 12497: 12402: 12225: 12215: 11831: 11343: 11183: 11165: 11156: 11042: 10964: 10916: 10907: 10365: 10356: 10291: 10282: 10272: 10194: 9727: 9540: 9390: 8726: 8714: 8334:. Alice Springs: Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre. 8056:שאר ישוב: מאמרים ופרקים בדברי ימי הישוב העברי בא"י ובחקר המולדת 4749: 4592: 3743: 3614: 3495: 2618: 2468: 2464: 2442: 2438: 2404: 2195: 2184: 2095: 2083: 2079: 2053: 2045: 1927:, Palestine, and Syria by transporting supplies to the troops. 1886: 1659: 1517: 1239: 1231: 1197: 983: 720: 555: 551: 539: 219: 199: 14771: 6563:. Vol. 74, no. 8. Bonnier Corporation. p. 150. 5379: 4654: 2683:

after having been imported in the 19th century as part of the

1779:. The first documented use of camel cavalries occurred in the 1135: 14896: 14584: 14184: 14129: 14094: 14089: 13993: 13973: 13761: 13711: 13453: 13330: 13209: 12910: 12485: 12155: 12146: 11440: 11367: 11358: 11289: 11018: 10973: 10832: 10757: 10637: 10628: 10139: 10130: 9622: 9613: 8822: 8813: 8630: 7924:, Book 1. Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement. Archived from 6368: 3754: 3752: 2642: 2446: 2434: 2408: 2385: 2366: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2324: 2247: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2148: 2003: 1805: 1776: 1697:

Desert tribes and Mongolian nomads use camel hair for tents,

1655: 1536: 1466: 1450: 1293: 1235: 1063: 1042: 1020: 535: 475: 451: 14634: 13112: 5778:

Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences

4627: 1014:

differs from those of other mammals. Normally, the Y-shaped

13810: 13716: 13561: 13463: 13458: 13383: 13284: 12098: 11428: 11316: 11298: 10955: 10808: 10212: 10079: 9895: 9169: 9130: 7543:"Agricultural Science, Engineering and Technology Research" 6322:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 3348: 2627: 2251: 2099: 1698: 1540: 1506: 1250:, is estimated to have occurred over 16 million years ago. 1179: 898: 842: 11566: 7782: 5446: 4427:"Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges" 4424: 4149:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Archived from 3749: 3467:. San Diego Zoo Global Library. March 2009. Archived from 1124:, three submetacentric, and 32 acrocentric autosomes. The 14084: 13468: 13315: 12708: 11307: 11253: 10185: 9567: 8645:

International Society of Camelid Research and Development

6987: 6936:

Sir Archibald Murray's despatches (June 1916 – June 1917)

6781:"Vitrine N° 108 (partie droite): LES PELOTONS MEHARISTES" 6375:

Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, CW; Cunnington, PE (2010).

6204: 6202: 3438:

The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review

1279:

continued to exist in the North American Arctic into the

871: 6843:[The incredible epic of the French méharistes]. 5645: 5133:"'Cama' camel/llama hybrids born in UAE research centre" 5052: 4716: 3882:

Desert Animals: Physiological Problems of Heat and Water

3311:"How Fast Can Camels Run and How Long Can They Run For?" 1852:, in the 19th century. One may still see stables at the 1473:, India and Kazakhstan, wild camels survive only in the 864: 13253: 10558: 6208: 5776:

MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (30 June 1999).

5059:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

5004:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

3246: 3244: 1465:

Most camels surviving today are domesticated. Although

11101: 6863: 6199: 5747: 2672:

Over one million dromedary camels are estimated to be

2288:. Australia has exported camel meat, primarily to the 2110:, who was able to produce curdling by the addition of 1634:

A camel in a ceremonial procession, its rider playing

1569:

The official report by Sapir-Hen and Ben-Joseph says:

1562:, writing even earlier, saw camels in the Bible as an 1154:

According to molecular data, the wild Bactrian camel (

845:

provide supplemental grip for varying soil sediments.

8206: 8033:

http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9912#v=41

7064: 6904:

Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the Middle East

5695: 5001: 3768: 2844: 8099:

Saudi Arabia camel carvings dated to prehistoric era

7542: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7143:"Camels banned from Saudi beauty contest over Botox" 5750:

Connectivity Conservation Management: A Global Guide

4353: 4215: 3241: 2706: 2194:

writers as an available dish at banquets in ancient

1941:

Bactrian camels were used by Romanian forces during

8062:] (in Hebrew). תל אביב תרפ"ז. pp. 407–413. 7860:"Australians urged to develop taste for camel meat" 7202:"Australians urged to develop taste for camel meat" 4291: 4289: 3190: 3097:"Important ectoparasites of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)" 3053:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, Inc. 2005. 457: 8533: 7604:"Eid al-Adha: More than just slaughtering animals" 7337:. Food and Agriculture Organization. 6 July 2001. 7248: 7111:Hermandad de Veteranos Tropas Nómadas del Sáhara. 6810:A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600–1960 6783:(in French). Musée de l'infanterie. Archived from 6630:The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History 6466:Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World 5139:. The Royal Society of New Zealand. Archived from 4689: 4356:"Towards a New Reference Test for Surra in Camels" 3645:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1919:In World War I, the British Army also created the 554:. Camelids originated in North America during the 7514: 7482: 7345: 6981: 6411:The Seventy Great Inventions of the Ancient World 3811:"A Pilgrimage To A Mystic's Hermitage In Algeria" 3146:Burger, P. A.; Ciani, E.; Faye, B. (2019-09-18). 2273:resulting from the ingestion of raw camel liver. 2102:. Developing less wasteful uses of the milk, the 14929: 7908: 7906: 6747: 6717: 6602:. Heritage House Publishing Co. pp. 51–54. 4846:"Bactrian Camels and Bactrian-Dromedary Hybrids" 4286: 4058: 3718:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 96–97. 3336: 906:, which has the world's largest camel population 8699: 8322: 8259:. Northern Territory government. 17 August 2015 6000:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5262:A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World 4077: 3879: 3641: 3559:A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World 3145: 1589:Current data from copper smelting sites of the 1259:, migrated into Eurasia from North America via 848:The male dromedary camel has an organ called a 8153:. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 7, 10–11. 7754:"Dubai diners flock to eat new 'camel burger'" 7711: 7709: 7517:Traditional Moroccan Cooking: Recipes from Fez 6060: 5357:Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Life 5255: 5253: 5221: 5219: 4516: 4221: 3847:A manual for primary animal health care worker 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3435: 3139: 2965: 2400:, the drinking of camel urine is discouraged. 1158:) separated from the domestic Bactrian camel ( 13269: 13128: 8685: 7903: 7561: 7375:"In Mongolian the Word 'Gobi' Means 'Desert'" 7306: 7058: 6841:"L'incroyable épopée des méharistes français" 5800: 5355:Kindersley, Dorling (2 June 2008). "Camels". 5332:. Science Museum of Minnesota. January 2004. 5194:"Joy for world's first camel and llama cross" 4944: 4754:, fam. Camelidae) prometaphase chromosomes". 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 3975: 2906:Titov, V. V. (2008). "Habitat conditions for 1978:(Nomad Troops) were an auxiliary regiment of 1406:, the last true camel native to North America 1128:is a small metacentric chromosome, while the 7673:Socio-economics of camel herders in Pakistan 7431:"Al Ain Dairy launches camel-milk ice cream" 7355:Methods of processing camel milk into cheese 6832: 5771: 5769: 5743: 5741: 5348: 4172: 4170: 4168: 3952: 3580: 3578: 3552: 3550: 3006: 1070:and appears likely to work just as well for 495:and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from 8277: 8119: 8117: 8115: 7706: 7006: 6950: 6893: 6773: 6709:– via The Internet Classics Archive. 6620: 6519: 6491:"BSF to ditch camels to ride sand scooters" 6468:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. xvi. 6431: 6268:"The Mystery of the Bible's Phantom Camels" 6147: 5775: 5555: 5278: 5250: 5216: 4630:Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 4345: 4343: 4341: 4295: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4099: 3914: 3912: 3492:"What secrets lie within the camel's hump?" 3444: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3285:"The amazing characteristics of the camels" 2613: 1993: 1286:The last camel native to North America was 13276: 13262: 13135: 13121: 8774: 8692: 8678: 8403: 8128:. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 170. 7883: 7567: 7240: 7104: 7073: 6988:Federal Research Division (30 June 2004). 6799: 6684: 6651: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6520:Gann, Lewis Henry; Duignan, Peter (1972). 5874:Smithsonian Timelines of the Ancient World 5354: 5164:"Bad karma for cross llama without a hump" 5155: 5126: 5124: 4045: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3619:"The Camel from Tradition To Modern Times" 3279: 3277: 3088: 2959: 2838: 2267:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2261:A 2005 report issued jointly by the Saudi 1815: 1316:, and many other megafauna as part of the 377: 150: 128: 13009: 10481: 8619: 8303: 8142: 8001: 7995: 7952:. University of Texas Press. p. 98. 7877: 7808: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7645: 7508: 7278: 7276: 6926: 6908:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 6838: 6548: 6457: 6209:Sapir-Hen, Lidar; Erez Ben-Yosef (2013). 6097: 6079: 6037: 6019: 5766: 5738: 5713: 5622: 5538: 5423: 5405: 5318: 5259: 5225: 5078: 4978: 4921: 4482: 4448: 4397: 4261: 4165: 3575: 3556: 3547: 3518: 3483: 3224: 3173: 3130: 3112: 3094: 2991: 2668:Commercial camel market headcount in 2003 2336:, 'allowed'). However, according to some 2276:Camel meat is also occasionally found in 2106:commissioned Professor J.P. Ramet of the 12890: 10280: 8200: 8112: 7945: 7715: 7663: 7234:"SAMEX : Australian Meat Exporters" 6956: 6899: 6757:. The California State Military Museum. 6690: 6626: 6482: 6413:. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 5834: 5326:"Fossil camel skull (Poebrotherium sp.)" 5161: 5095: 4839: 4837: 4338: 4222:Sazmand, Alireza; Joachim, Anja (2017). 4129: 3946: 3909: 3412: 3390:Two Male Camels Fighting Over One Female 3303: 2944: 2899: 2663: 2617: 2142: 2130: 2059: 2039: 1819: 1737: 1718: 1681:(1655), showing camel with rider at left 1437: 1426: 1415: 1134: 953: 922:Camels are able to withstand changes in 897: 889: 870: 9181: 8752: 8650:Six Green Reasons to Drink Camel's Milk 8072: 8050: 7831: 7751: 7691:Anyone for camel meat? One hump or two? 7246: 7079: 6657: 6582: 6554: 6526:. University Press of America. p. 6463: 5928: 5899: 5186: 5121: 4035: 3988:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 3855:FAO Agriculture and Consumer Protection 3765:documentary. Transmitted 30 August 2011 3709: 3698: 3585:Roberts, Michael Bliss Vaughan (1986). 3584: 3524: 3274: 2467:tradition, camel meat and milk are not 2364:, 'forbidden') for a Muslim to perform 1934:was created by colonial authorities in 14: 14930: 8899: 8564: 8325:"Ecology of feral camels in Australia" 8249: 8148: 7939: 7834:"SA hits world camel meat supply hump" 7764:from the original on 29 September 2013 7740: 7728:from the original on 27 September 2013 7651: 7366: 7327: 7273: 7255:. Columbia University Press. pp. 7117:Historia: Agrupación de Tropas Nómadas 6963:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 6957:McGregor, Andrew James (30 May 2006). 6932: 6814:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6761:from the original on 28 September 2012 6513: 6488: 6315: 6174: 6168: 5876:. London: D. Kindersley. p. 176. 5871: 5840: 5561: 4176: 4140: 3489: 3076:from the original on 27 September 2013 2497: 2086:if it is soured first, churned, and a 1904:. It was originally used to fight the 939:results from circulatory disturbance. 558:, with the ancestor of modern camels, 14666: 14665: 13257: 13116: 13008: 12877: 12876: 12482: 11565: 11100: 10557: 10019: 9165: 8751: 8673: 8655:Use of camels by South African police 8583: 8534:Vannithone, S.; Davidson, A. (1999). 8489: 8185:from the original on 19 November 2011 8167: 8123: 8004:"Cholov Yisroel: Does a Neshama Good" 7857: 7341:from the original on 26 January 2012. 7335:"Fresh from your local drome'dairy'?" 7167: 6593: 6401: 6296: 6247:from the original on 23 February 2014 6148:Heide, Martin; Peters, Joris (2021). 6120: 5204:from the original on 25 November 2012 5130: 4834: 4704:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110034 4316:10.1146/annurev-biochem-063011-092449 3918: 3835: 3808: 2905: 2471:. Camels possess only one of the two 2346:(ablution) before the next time they 1080:test, which would also be useful for 865:Ecological and behavioral adaptations 656:, including the historical region of 626:IUCN status and estimated population 550:, which belong to the separate tribe 523:, with fewer than 1,000 individuals. 14915:1704453B-6D80-47B8-BEC6-8EFCCEA7E6A7 14902:7F79901F-E278-2CAF-D939-F4D156805FE1 10317: 8391:from the original on 11 October 2012 8376: 8323:Saalfeld, W.K.; Edwards, GP (2008). 8278:Pople, A. R.; McLeod, S. R. (2010). 8066: 7884:Bazckowski, Halina (22 March 2020). 7785:"Plague from eating raw camel liver" 7716:Sherwood, Andy (17 September 2012). 7580:from the original on 19 October 2012 7411:from the original on 6 November 2011 6839:Guillaume, Philippe (16 June 2012). 6805: 6701:from the original on 1 December 2012 6557:"Jefferson Davis's Camel Experiment" 6555:Fleming, Walter L. (February 1909). 6437: 6265: 6259: 6187:from the original on 30 January 2014 5336:from the original on 14 October 2012 5260:Bernstein, William J. (6 May 2009). 5109:from the original on 23 October 2012 3291:from the original on 7 November 2012 3252:"Bactrian Camel: Camelus bactrianus" 2659:important part of local nomadic life 2078:Camel milk can readily be made into 1275:and related animals. Populations of 9166: 8546:: Oxford University Press. p. 8044: 7752:Webster, George (9 February 2010). 7568:Rubenstein, Dustin (23 July 2010). 7405:"Netherlands' 'crazy' camel farmer" 6697:. Translated by Rawlinson, George. 6633:. Oxford University Press. p. 6319:Harvesting of textile animal fibres 5872:Scarre, Chris (15 September 1993). 5853:from the original on 11 August 2011 5174:from the original on 26 August 2013 2422: 2381: 2361: 2333: 2044:Camels at the Khan and old bridge, 1938:in 1912; it was disbanded in 1944. 1881:camel corps in 1912 as part of the 1230:, which contains modern camels and 1132:is a large metacentric chromosome. 24: 12483: 10020: 8377:Tsai, Vivian (14 September 2012). 8151:The Camel in Somali Oral Tradition 8014:from the original on 30 April 2017 7168:Adams, Abigail (9 December 2021). 6616:from the original on 24 June 2016. 6336:from the original on 15 March 2017 5932:Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader 5843:"Wild camels 'genetically unique'" 5794: 5232:Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre 5228:"Ice Age Yukon and Alaskan Camels" 4091:. Davidson College. Archived from 3823:from the original on 4 August 2009 3613: 3063: 3051:The New Oxford American Dictionary 1460:indigenous peoples of the Americas 25: 14989: 8638: 7966:from the original on 8 April 2017 7858:Burin, Margaret (7 August 2015). 7629:"Qurbani Meat Distribution Rules" 7493: 7381:from the original on 3 March 2013 7372: 7351: 7312: 7036:"Наш советский верблюд покарает!" 6600:Frontier Days in British Columbia 6575:from the original on 2016-05-04. 6501:from the original on 23 July 2012 6378:The Dictionary of Fashion History 6154:. Penn State Press. p. 302. 5961: 5900:Bulliet, Richard (20 May 1990) . 5780:. Springer. pp. 18, 20, 26. 5162:Campbell, Duncan (15 July 2002). 4843: 4374:American Society for Microbiology 3461:"Bactrian & Dromedary Camels" 2966:Martini, P.; Geraads, D. (2019). 2556:Dhola and Maru Riding on a Camel) 2117:Camel milk can also be made into 1900:In 1916, the British created the 1523:In 2009–2013, excavations in the 1190:The earliest known camel, called 1055:Invariant Surface Glycoprotein 75 580: 386:Distribution of camels worldwide 14645: 14644: 14633: 13360: 13354: 8435: 8370: 8316: 8271: 8091: 8026: 7978: 7851: 7832:McBride, Louise (14 June 2010). 7825: 7776: 7684: 7680:from the original on 2016-06-10. 7621: 7596: 7533: 7504:from the original on 2011-02-20. 7458: 7448: 7423: 7397: 7362:from the original on 2012-06-24. 7323:from the original on 2012-06-24. 7226: 7212: 7194: 7180: 7161: 7135: 7092:from the original on 20 May 2013 7028: 7024:from the original on 2013-09-21. 6933:Murray, Archibald James (1920). 6658:Nicolle, David (26 March 1991). 6627:Southern, Pat (1 October 2007). 6266:Dias, Elizabeth (Feb 11, 2014). 6230:10.1179/033443513x13753505864089 4963:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01848.x 4725:. New York: Wiley-Liss. p. 4085:"Kidneys and Concentrated Urine" 3869:from the original on 2008-07-27. 3732:from the original on 2016-04-29. 3631:from the original on 2015-11-09. 3506:from the original on 23 May 2009 2910:and factors in its extinction". 2895:from the original on 2020-10-03. 2709: 2588: 2566: 2544: 2529: 2517: 1708: 1667: 1647: 1627: 1607: 1442:Woman on a camel breastfeeding, 1411: 1394: 1379: 1364: 1349: 1334: 1323:An extinct giant camel species, 791: 763: 732: 696: 662: 633: 176: 53: 9044:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 8124:Dolby, Karen (10 August 2010). 8002:Heinemann, Moshe (2013-08-20). 7918:Purification (Kitab al-Taharah) 7549:from the original on 2016-12-03 7497:Camels Products Other Than Milk 7080:Shelley, Toby (December 2007). 7042:. March 2, 2020. Archived from 6395: 6309: 6290: 6141: 6114: 6054: 5986: 5955: 5922: 5893: 5865: 5689: 5639: 5580: 5490: 5456:Molecular Biology and Evolution 5440: 5373: 5264:. Grove Press. pp. 54–55. 5046: 4995: 4938: 4871: 4790: 4756:Cytogenetic and Genome Research 4743: 4710: 4683: 4648: 4621: 4595:Cytogenetic and Genome Research 4586: 4361:Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 4024:from the original on 2017-03-04 4006: 3873: 3802: 3736: 3714:. In Mares; Michael A. (eds.). 3672: 3635: 3607: 3527:Essentials Of Animal Physiology 3401:from the original on 2015-12-19 3381: 3342: 3329: 1253:The ancestor of modern camels, 1226:. The split between the tribes 1204:. By 35 million years ago, the 617:Scientific name and subspecies 9833:Central American red brocket ( 8221:10.1080/09720073.2004.11890828 7014:"Romanian troops using camels" 6806:Hall, Bruce S. (6 June 2011). 6489:Bhatia, Vimal (23 July 2012). 6438:Baum, Doug (1 November 2018). 5386:Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 5226:Harington, C. R. (June 1997). 5131:Fahmy, Miral (21 March 2002). 4721:Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes 3682:. Hannover Zoo. Archived from 3587:Biology: A Functional Approach 3557:Bernstein, William J. (2009). 3057: 3042: 3018:Johns Hopkins University Press 3010:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). 3000: 2993:10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a5 2938: 2858:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2809: 1921:Egyptian Camel Transport Corps 1751:, Egypt, 23 December 1916, by 1581:(not before the 12th century ) 1074:in other hosts, and for a pan- 1060:Invariant Surface Glycoprotein 572:, around 6 million years ago. 13: 1: 14303:Countries by meat consumption 13142: 8234:dromedary camels in the world 8075:"מניין באו הערבים 'היהודים'?" 7946:Williams, John Alden (1994). 6871:"Cameliers and camels at war" 6725:"Cameliers and camels at war" 6594:Mantz, John (20 April 2006). 6440:"The Art of Saddling a Camel" 5841:Walker, Matt (22 July 2009). 5702:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 4299:Annual Review of Biochemistry 4193:10.1126/science.318.5855.1373 3925:Wildlife Conservation Society 3786:. 10 May 2011. Archived from 3258:. 10 May 2011. Archived from 3101:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2797: 2726:Afghan cameleers in Australia 2198:, usually roasted whole. The 1139:Skull of an F1 hybrid camel, 14590:Non-vegetarian food in India 14308:Countries by meat production 10540:Large subfamily listed below 10528:Large subfamily listed below 10516:Large subfamily listed below 8540:The Oxford companion to food 8416:. Denver Zoo. Archived from 8384:International Business Times 7984:Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). 7789:Emerging Infectious Diseases 7718:"Camel burgers in Abu Dhabi" 7316:Camel milk and cheese making 7247:Bulliet, Richard W. (1975). 7119:(in Spanish). Archived from 6464:Gabriel, Richard A. (2007). 6175:Hasson, Nir (Jan 17, 2014). 6151:Camels in the Biblical World 4141:Fedewa, Jennifer L. (2000). 4061:The Oxford Companion to Food 3880:Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1964). 3843:"Camels, llamas and alpacas" 3809:Lewis, Paul (12 July 1981). 3658:10.1016/0005-2736(76)90129-2 3363:10.1016/j.injury.2011.10.039 2932:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.022 2411:miraculously brings forth a 2269:details four cases of human 2082:, but can only be made into 2009: 1910:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 1908:, but was later used in the 1292:, which vanished along with 1185: 7: 14978:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 14313:Food and drink prohibitions 9035:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 9026:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 8352:. Report 47. Archived from 8149:Abokor, Axmed Cali (1987). 6900:Woodward, David R. (2006). 6847:(in French). Archived from 6598:. In Basque, Garnet (ed.). 6561:The Popular Science Monthly 5667:10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.014 5359:. Penguin. pp. 266–7. 4107:"Fun facts about the Camel" 3784:National Geographic Society 3776:"Arabian (Dromedary) Camel" 3710:Halpern, E. Anette (1999). 3561:. Grove Press. p. 56. 3436:Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). 3114:10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S17 3070:Online Etymology Dictionary 2702: 2459:Food and drink prohibitions 2303: 2183:, some restaurants prepare 1686: 1420:A camel carrying supplies, 1318:Quaternary extinction event 1107: 575: 458: 10: 14994: 13352: 7515:Madame Guinaudeau (2003). 7188:"Wild Camel – Windy Hills" 6875:New Zealand History online 6729:New Zealand History online 5752:. Earthscan. p. 142. 5407:10.1186/s13358-020-00208-6 4906:10.1038/s41598-017-08995-8 3959:Cambridge University Press 3893:"Coat of fur on the camel" 2870:10.1007/s10914-019-09489-2 2786:List of animals with humps 2681:Southwestern United States 2596:How the Camel Got His Hump 2456: 2452: 2338:Islamic schools of thought 2312: 2033: 1767:Military forces have used 1712: 1690: 1484: 1271:, where they gave rise to 1265:Great American Interchange 831: 568:into Asia during the late 452: 29: 14674: 14628: 14526: 14461: 14418: 14370: 14355:Psychology of eating meat 14330: 14295: 14215: 14208: 13959: 13899:Black soldier fly maggots 13884: 13780: 13602: 13482: 13369: 13291: 13223: 13185: 13150: 13083: 13055: 13031: 13022: 13018: 13004: 12971:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 12962:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 12950: 12899: 12886: 12872: 12836: 12812: 12788: 12779: 12661: 12628: 12604: 12571: 12547: 12526:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 12505: 12496: 12492: 12478: 12442: 12400: 12223: 12214: 12168: 12144: 12120: 12078: 12027: 12003: 11994: 11966: 11942: 11935: 11889: 11829: 11805: 11718: 11667: 11643: 11619: 11595: 11586: 11582: 11561: 11516: 11417: 11408: 11380: 11356: 11251: 11191: 11182: 11154: 11130: 11121: 11117: 11096: 11055: 11031: 10953: 10929: 10905: 10881: 10830: 10806: 10755: 10650: 10626: 10602: 10578: 10574: 10553: 10533: 10521: 10509: 10472: 10435: 10411: 10378: 10354: 10345: 10308: 10271: 10225: 10165: 10156: 10128: 10077: 10044: 10035: 10031: 10015: 9961: 9927: 9893: 9869: 9845: 9815:Amazonian brown brocket ( 9749: 9716: 9692: 9659: 9635: 9611: 9602: 9538: 9487: 9463: 9430: 9379: 9346: 9322: 9190: 9177: 9161: 9148:Large family listed below 9141: 9136:Large family listed below 9129: 9113:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 9056: 9014: 8990: 8981: 8890: 8835: 8811: 8802: 8765: 8761: 8747: 8709: 8460:10.1017/S0030605322000114 8109:, BBC, September 15, 2021 7920:. Partial Translation of 7288:Milk & Dairy Products 6081:10.1038/s42003-019-0734-6 5929:Richard, Suzanne (2003). 5820:10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.050 4812:10.1007/s10577-007-1154-x 4450:10.1186/s13071-019-3484-x 3593:. pp. 234–235, 241. 3315:Big Site of Amazing Facts 2580:)—James Tissot, c. 1886, 1066:. The Tran test has high 946:becomes trapped in their 760: 690: 630: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 507:of camel. The one-humped 397: 390: 385: 376: 302: 297: 284: 277: 173:Scientific classification 171: 158: 149: 136: 127: 41: 14428:Beef hormone controversy 13283: 11212:Domestic water buffalo ( 9577:Central Asian red deer ( 9202:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 8633:: Military Orphan Press. 7656:. UAE: Abu Dhabi Media. 7407:. BBC. 5 November 2011. 7259:, 25, 28, 35–36, 38–40. 6694:The History of Herodotus 6679:or camel-mounted troops. 5103:"Meet Rama the cama ..." 4246:10.1051/parasite/2017024 3851:FAO Animal Health Manual 2951:. R. Hardwicke. p. 2912:Quaternary International 2614:Distribution and numbers 2578:Les rois mages en voyage 2429:') out of a rock. After 2308: 2294:East African Australians 2139:camel meat and rice dish 2064:A camel calf nursing on 2029: 1994:21st century competition 1969:in World Wars I and II. 942:When the camel exhales, 13187:South American camelids 12090:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 11877:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 9982:Yucatan brown brocket ( 9211:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 9095:Philippine mouse-deer ( 8073:Sar-Avi, Doron (2019). 7251:The Camel and the Wheel 6990:Somalia a Country Study 6596:"Camels in the Cariboo" 6021:10.1073/pnas.1519508113 5902:The Camel and the Wheel 4432:Parasites & Vectors 3886:Oxford University Press 3525:Rastogi, S. C. (1971). 3095:Bornstein, Set (2010). 2945:Falconer, Hugh (1868). 2486:The Palestinian Muslim 2280:: for example, a camel 2124: 1891:Free French Camel Corps 1816:19th and 20th centuries 1804:Persians when fighting 1679:Bartholomeus Breenbergh 1654:Petroglyph of a camel, 1549:written after this time 911:other mammals, camels' 564:, migrating across the 14973:Middle Eastern cuisine 14453:Water holding capacity 12800:White-lipped peccary ( 12736:Philippine warty pig ( 12361:Yellow-backed duiker ( 12325:Black-fronted duiker ( 12298:White-bellied duiker ( 11919:Przewalski's gazelle ( 11142:Four-horned antelope ( 9940:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 9499:Visayan spotted deer ( 9358:European fallow deer ( 9301:Northern red muntjac ( 9247:Southern red muntjac ( 8620:Gilchrist, W. (1851). 7801:10.3201/eid1109.050081 6755:"The Posts at Benicia" 6381:. Oxford: Bloomsbury. 6135:10.13140/2.1.2090.8161 6068:Communications Biology 5715:10.4202/app.00727.2020 5105:BBC. 21 January 1998. 5071:10.1098/rspb.1999.0685 5024:10.1098/rspb.1994.0041 4798:ancestral karyotype". 3759:Inside Nature's Giants 2817:"Fossilworks: Camelus" 2731:Australian feral camel 2669: 2637:(mostly living in the 2630: 2265:and the United States 2258:, salts and minerals. 2152: 2140: 2068: 2057: 1932:Somaliland Camel Corps 1837: 1756: 1735: 1603: 1583: 1446: 1435: 1424: 1144: 1031:single-domain antibody 959: 907: 895: 876: 443: 32:Camel (disambiguation) 14884:Paleobiology Database 14438:Feed conversion ratio 14340:Ethics of eating meat 13170:Australia populations 13152:Afro-Asiatic camelids 12980:Wild Bactrian camel ( 12682:Bornean bearded pig ( 12673:Palawan bearded pig ( 12262:White-legged duiker ( 11688:Red-fronted gazelle ( 9367:Persian fallow deer ( 9283:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 8956:Himalayan musk deer ( 8865:Reticulated giraffe ( 8587:Camels and Camel Milk 8569:. New York: Longman. 8565:Wilson, R.T. (1984). 8490:Ramet, J. P. (2011). 8284:The Rangeland Journal 7986:Encyclopedia of Islam 7914:"Book 1, Number 0184" 7115:[The Means]. 6939:. J.M. Dent. p. 5968:About.com Archaeology 5655:Journal of Proteomics 5594:Nature Communications 5503:Nature Communications 5468:10.1093/molbev/msv128 4095:on February 25, 2003. 3905:on February 25, 2003. 3531:New Age International 3490:Vann Jones, Kerstin. 2667: 2621: 2146: 2134: 2063: 2043: 1965:fought alongside the 1823: 1773:Border Security Force 1753:Harold Septimus Power 1741: 1722: 1662:(prior to c. 5300 BC) 1614:A camel serving as a 1587: 1571: 1469:populations exist in 1441: 1430: 1419: 1267:via the newly formed 1138: 1049:) of camel. They use 957: 901: 893: 874: 521:critically endangered 491:, they provide food ( 14958:Domesticated animals 14491:Environmental impact 13067:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 12727:Oliver's warty pig ( 12352:Red-flanked duiker ( 11757:Erlanger's gazelle ( 11477:Harnessed bushbuck ( 11203:Wild water buffalo ( 10680:East Caucasian tur ( 10671:West Caucasian tur ( 9824:Little red brocket ( 9292:Truong Son muntjac ( 9104:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 9086:Greater mouse-deer ( 8965:Siberian musk deer ( 8181:. 14 November 2003. 7123:on 21 September 2013 7082:"Sons of the Clouds" 5814:(11): 2502–2508.e5. 5564:Evolutionary Biology 5143:on 27 September 2013 4509:0000-0002-1926-74721 4382:10.1128/CVI.00096-09 4282:. Article Number 21. 4147:Animal Diversity Web 4143:"Camelus bactrianus" 3961:(CUP). p. 130. 3533:. pp. 180–181. 3471:on 22 September 2012 2635:domesticated animals 2322:consider camel meat 1902:Imperial Camel Corps 1497:sometime during the 1037:2009 provides a new 933:heat of vaporization 761:Wild Bactrian camel 30:For other uses, see 13177:Wild Bactrian camel 12700:Celebes warty pig ( 12691:Visayan warty pig ( 12307:Red forest duiker ( 12039:Günther's dik-dik ( 11901:Mongolian gazelle ( 11706:Heuglin's gazelle ( 11697:Thomson's gazelle ( 10851:Long-tailed goral ( 10246:Mountain reedbuck ( 10237:Southern reedbuck ( 10089:East African oryx ( 9991:White-tailed deer ( 9770:Small red brocket ( 9737:South Andean deer ( 9680:Siberian roe deer ( 9671:European roe deer ( 9508:Philippine sambar ( 9475:Père David's deer ( 9077:Lesser mouse-deer ( 8938:Kashmir musk deer ( 8238:Plain text version. 7990:Infobase Publishing 7570:"How to Cook Camel" 6912:, 39, 43, 56, 133. 6660:The Desert Frontier 6316:Petrie, OJ (1995). 6278:on 15 February 2014 6012:2016PNAS..113.6707A 5607:2013NatCo...4.1550R 5515:2013NatCo...4.1550R 5398:2020SwJP..139....8L 5137:Science in the News 5016:1994RSPSB.256....1S 4898:2017NatSR...7.9970M 4856:(1). Archived from 4800:Chromosome Research 4692:Journal of Heredity 4529:Future Medicine Ltd 4520:Future Microbiology 4515: • 4423: • 4352: • 4117:on 17 November 2012 3921:"Camel Adaptations" 3790:on 19 November 2012 3780:National Geographic 3256:National Geographic 2924:2008QuInt.179..120T 2696:Wild Bactrian camel 2574:The Magi Journeying 2498:Cultural depictions 2479:, they do not have 2024:Australian cuisines 1967:British Indian Army 1959:Bikaner Camel Corps 1858:Benicia, California 1732:Republic Day Parade 1560:William F. Albright 1475:wild Bactrian camel 1141:Museum of Osteology 706:Camelus dromedarius 610: 517:wild Bactrian camel 315:Camelus dromedarius 287:Camelus dromedarius 143:Camelus dromedarius 14615:Warmed-over flavor 14383:Semi-vegetarianism 12848:Collared peccary ( 12718:Flores warty pig ( 12559:Giant forest hog ( 12421:Maxwell's duiker ( 12343:Ruwenzori duiker ( 12289:Jentink's duiker ( 12198:Sharpe's grysbok ( 11954:Tibetan antelope ( 11859:Bright's gazelle ( 11793:Goitered gazelle ( 11766:Mountain gazelle ( 11739:Cuvier's gazelle ( 11679:Mongalla gazelle ( 11067:Pyrenean chamois ( 10493:Tibetan antelope ( 10447:Black wildebeest ( 9274:Reeves's muntjac ( 9238:Sumatran muntjac ( 9229:Gongshan muntjac ( 9002:Water chevrotain ( 8929:Alpine musk deer ( 8856:Southern giraffe ( 8847:Northern giraffe ( 8660:The Camel as a pet 8584:Yagil, R. (1982). 8243:2013-01-02 at the 8104:2022-11-01 at the 8038:2015-02-07 at the 7722:Time Out Abu Dhabi 7696:2017-01-26 at the 7574:The New York Times 7294:on 1 November 2012 6495:The Times of India 6444:Saudi Aramco World 6299:Ugarit-Forschungen 6123:Ugarit-Forschungen 5615:10.1038/ncomms2516 5523:10.1038/ncomms2516 5238:on 26 January 2013 4885:Scientific Reports 4669:10.1007/BF01955563 3816:The New York Times 3686:on 25 October 2005 3287:. Camello Safari. 3262:on 4 November 2012 2674:feral in Australia 2670: 2631: 2626:, in northeastern 2278:Australian cuisine 2263:Ministry of Health 2153: 2141: 2069: 2058: 1936:British Somaliland 1870:American Civil War 1842:United States Army 1838: 1830:Bulgarian military 1757: 1736: 1734:, New Delhi (2004) 1675:Joseph Sells Grain 1501:, the Bactrian in 1477:population of the 1447: 1436: 1431:A man on a camel, 1425: 1403:Camelops hesternus 1289:Camelops hesternus 1145: 1026:Trypanosoma evansi 960: 908: 896: 881:fat metabolization 877: 715:Domesticated; the 643:Camelus bactrianus 592: 585:Three species are 566:Bering land bridge 472:even-toed ungulate 357:Camelus sivalensis 308:Camelus bactrianus 165:Camelus bactrianus 14925: 14924: 14668:Taxon identifiers 14659: 14658: 14326: 14325: 13251: 13250: 13173: 13110: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13102: 13101: 13079: 13078: 13000: 12999: 12996: 12995: 12992: 12991: 12868: 12867: 12864: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12824:Chacoan peccary ( 12775: 12774: 12763:Javan warty pig ( 12754:Timor warty pig ( 12561:H. meinertzhageni 12535:Togian babirusa ( 12474: 12473: 12470: 12469: 12466: 12465: 12430:Walter's duiker ( 12370:Abbott's duiker ( 12334:Ogilby's duiker ( 12280:Harvey's duiker ( 12244:Brooke's duiker ( 12210: 12209: 11990: 11989: 11931: 11930: 11868:Peter's gazelle ( 11850:Grant's gazelle ( 11784:Speke's gazelle ( 11557: 11556: 11553: 11552: 11549: 11548: 11434: 11404: 11403: 11392:African buffalo ( 11223:B. depressicornis 11178: 11177: 11092: 11091: 11088: 11087: 10860:Himalayan goral ( 10682:C. cylindricornis 10549: 10548: 10545: 10544: 10505: 10504: 10468: 10467: 10456:Blue wildebeest ( 10390:Common tsessebe ( 10341: 10340: 10304: 10303: 10267: 10266: 10179:K. ellipsiprymnus 10152: 10151: 10011: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10003: 10002: 9951:P. mephistophiles 9907:P. mephistophiles 9598: 9597: 9294:M. truongsonensis 9256:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 9157: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9125: 9124: 9068:Java mouse-deer ( 8977: 8976: 8947:Black musk deer ( 8920:Dwarf musk deer ( 8911:Anhui musk deer ( 8886: 8885: 8849:G. camelopardalis 8798: 8797: 8597:978-92-5-101169-0 8576:978-0-582-77512-1 8557:978-0-19-211579-9 8503:978-92-5-103154-4 8341:978-1-74158-094-5 7959:978-0-292-79076-6 7949:The Word of Islam 7932:Al-Bara' ibn Azib 7928:on 16 July 2011. 7526:978-1-897959-43-5 7519:. London: Serif. 7373:Young, Philippa. 7149:. 24 January 2018 7046:on March 19, 2020 6691:Herodotus (440). 6424:978-0-500-05130-6 6329:978-92-5-103759-1 6161:978-1-64602-169-7 6006:(24): 6707–6712. 5974:on 5 January 2014 5911:978-0-231-07235-9 5883:978-1-56458-305-5 4768:10.1159/000095234 4736:978-0-471-35015-6 4607:10.1159/000129967 4537:10.2217/fmb.09.65 3217:10.1111/age.12158 3166:10.1111/age.12858 3064:Herper, Douglas. 3027:978-0-8018-8221-0 2908:Camelus knoblochi 2849:Camelus grattardi 2689:Cariboo Gold Rush 2508:sculptures. This 2388:'). According to 2181:Karachi, Pakistan 2112:calcium phosphate 2056:) - 1870s drawing 1875:France created a 1810:Battle of Thymbra 1788:East Roman Empire 1595:radiocarbon dates 1529:Arabian Peninsula 1499:3rd millennium BC 1326:Camelus knoblochi 1298:short-faced bears 1281:Early Pleistocene 1269:Isthmus of Panama 1095:T. b. rhodesiense 829: 828: 779: 712: 649: 623:Size and ecology 608: 515:makes up 6%. The 432: 431: 425: 414: 339:Camelus knoblochi 330:Camelus grattardi 273: 16:(Redirected from 14985: 14918: 14917: 14905: 14904: 14892: 14891: 14879: 14878: 14866: 14865: 14863:NHMSYS0020976786 14853: 14852: 14840: 14839: 14827: 14826: 14814: 14813: 14801: 14800: 14788: 14787: 14775: 14774: 14762: 14761: 14749: 14748: 14736: 14735: 14723: 14722: 14710: 14709: 14708: 14695: 14694: 14693: 14663: 14662: 14648: 14647: 14638: 14637: 14610:Roadkill cuisine 14405:Meat alternative 14400:Plant-based diet 14318:Meat substitutes 14213: 14212: 13364: 13358: 13278: 13271: 13264: 13255: 13254: 13167: 13137: 13130: 13123: 13114: 13113: 13029: 13028: 13020: 13019: 13006: 13005: 12897: 12896: 12888: 12887: 12874: 12873: 12786: 12785: 12592:Common warthog ( 12583:Desert warthog ( 12503: 12502: 12494: 12493: 12480: 12479: 12379:Weyns's duiker ( 12253:Peters' duiker ( 12235:Aders's duiker ( 12221: 12220: 12108:Royal antelope ( 12066:Salt's dik-dik ( 12057:Silver dik-dik ( 12048:Kirk's dik-dik ( 12001: 12000: 11978:Saiga antelope ( 11940: 11939: 11879:N. soemmerringii 11748:Dorcas gazelle ( 11593: 11592: 11584: 11583: 11577: 11563: 11562: 11450:Mountain nyala ( 11433: 11432: 11424: 11415: 11414: 11370:P. nghetinhensis 11272:European bison ( 11263:American bison ( 11189: 11188: 11128: 11127: 11119: 11118: 11112: 11098: 11097: 10974:Domestic sheep ( 10818:Himalayan tahr ( 10785:Mainland serow ( 10767:Japanese serow ( 10576: 10575: 10569: 10555: 10554: 10479: 10478: 10352: 10351: 10315: 10314: 10278: 10277: 10255:Bohor reedbuck ( 10163: 10162: 10142:A. nasomaculatus 10065:Sable antelope ( 10042: 10041: 10033: 10032: 10026: 10017: 10016: 9779:Merida brocket ( 9609: 9608: 9550:Thorold's deer ( 9402:A. calamianensis 9285:M. rooseveltorum 9231:M. gongshanensis 9188: 9187: 9179: 9178: 9172: 9163: 9162: 8988: 8987: 8897: 8896: 8876:G. tippelskirchi 8809: 8808: 8772: 8771: 8763: 8762: 8749: 8748: 8694: 8687: 8680: 8671: 8670: 8634: 8609: 8580: 8561: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8472: 8471: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8422: 8415: 8411:"Bactrian Camel" 8407: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8358: 8329: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8307: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8253: 8247: 8236: 8204: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8190: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8121: 8110: 8095: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8048: 8042: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8008:Kashrus Kurrents 7999: 7993: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7910: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7812: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7749: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7713: 7704: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7639: 7625: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7587: 7585: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7491: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7462: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7427: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7388: 7386: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7280: 7271: 7270: 7254: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7208:. 6 August 2015. 7198: 7192: 7191: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7010: 7004: 7003: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6907: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6881:on 16 March 2012 6867: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6813: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6735:on 16 March 2012 6721: 6715: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6655: 6649: 6648: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6591: 6580: 6579: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6407:"Transportation" 6399: 6393: 6392: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6359: 6355: 6353: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6274:. Archived from 6263: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6246: 6215: 6206: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6101: 6083: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6041: 6023: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5970:. Archived from 5962:Hirst, K. Kris. 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5926: 5920: 5918: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5773: 5764: 5763: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5717: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5652: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5626: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5542: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5462:(9): 2433–2440. 5453: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5427: 5409: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5305: 5299:. Archived from 5294: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5257: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5223: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5200:. 6 April 2008. 5190: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5082: 5065:(1420): 649–56. 5050: 5044: 5043: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4982: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4925: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4841: 4832: 4831: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4724: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4512: 4486: 4452: 4419: 4401: 4372:: ASM Journals ( 4370:Washington, D.C. 4347: 4336: 4335: 4293: 4284: 4283: 4265: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4174: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4138: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4113:. Archived from 4111:The Jungle Store 4103: 4097: 4096: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4056: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4010: 4004: 4003: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3933: 3927:. Archived from 3916: 3907: 3906: 3901:. Archived from 3898:Davidson College 3889: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3772: 3766: 3756: 3747: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3707: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3623: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3582: 3573: 3572: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3457: 3442: 3441: 3433: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3357:(9): 1617–1620. 3346: 3340: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3248: 3239: 3238: 3228: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3177: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3116: 3107:(Suppl 1): S17. 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3016:(3rd ed.). 3004: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2855: 2847:"New Remains of 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2823:. Archived from 2813: 2719: 2714: 2713: 2685:U.S. Camel Corps 2592: 2570: 2548: 2533: 2521: 2475:; although they 2424: 2383: 2363: 2335: 2315:Animals in Islam 2284:is available in 2088:clarifying agent 2071:Camel milk is a 1866:Secretary of War 1846:U.S. Camel Corps 1844:established the 1834:First Balkan War 1794:forces known as 1781:Battle of Qarqar 1728:camel contingent 1703:western garments 1671: 1651: 1631: 1611: 1514:Zagros Mountains 1398: 1383: 1368: 1353: 1338: 1068:test specificity 1057: 1056: 1000:renal corpuscles 924:body temperature 820: 795: 782:Remote areas of 778:Przewalski, 1878 777: 767: 736: 727:; introduced to 710: 700: 694:/ Arabian camel 666: 647: 637: 611: 600: 591: 461: 455: 454: 420: 409: 381: 265: 181: 180: 154: 132: 122: 52: 45:Temporal range: 39: 38: 27:Genus of mammals 21: 14993: 14992: 14988: 14987: 14986: 14984: 14983: 14982: 14943:African cuisine 14928: 14927: 14926: 14921: 14913: 14908: 14900: 14895: 14887: 14882: 14874: 14869: 14861: 14856: 14848: 14843: 14835: 14830: 14822: 14817: 14809: 14804: 14796: 14791: 14783: 14778: 14770: 14765: 14757: 14752: 14744: 14739: 14731: 14726: 14718: 14713: 14704: 14703: 14698: 14689: 14688: 14683: 14670: 14660: 14655: 14640:Food portal 14632: 14624: 14546:Case-ready meat 14528: 14522: 14496:Factory farming 14457: 14414: 14366: 14332: 14322: 14291: 14204: 13961: 13955: 13880: 13785: 13776: 13598: 13478: 13449:Lamb and mutton 13365: 13359: 13350: 13287: 13282: 13252: 13247: 13219: 13181: 13146: 13141: 13111: 13098: 13075: 13051: 13014: 12988: 12946: 12882: 12856: 12832: 12808: 12771: 12738:S. philippensis 12675:S. ahoenobarbus 12657: 12649:Red river hog ( 12624: 12600: 12567: 12543: 12517:Buru babirusa ( 12488: 12462: 12454:Common duiker ( 12438: 12396: 12206: 12164: 12140: 12116: 12074: 12023: 11986: 11962: 11927: 11912:P. picticaudata 11885: 11825: 11801: 11795:G. subgutturosa 11714: 11663: 11639: 11615: 11578: 11567: 11545: 11512: 11504:Cape bushbuck ( 11497:T. strepsiceros 11426: 11425: 11423: 11400: 11376: 11352: 11247: 11239:Mountain anoa ( 11174: 11168:B. tragocamelus 11150: 11144:T. quadricornis 11113: 11102: 11084: 11051: 11027: 10983:Bighorn sheep ( 10949: 10925: 10901: 10893:Mountain goat ( 10877: 10869:Chinese goral ( 10826: 10802: 10787:C. sumatraensis 10751: 10734:Siberian ibex ( 10698:Domestic goat ( 10646: 10622: 10598: 10590:Barbary sheep ( 10570: 10559: 10541: 10529: 10517: 10501: 10464: 10431: 10407: 10374: 10337: 10300: 10263: 10221: 10148: 10124: 10098:Scimitar oryx ( 10073: 10056:Roan antelope ( 10027: 10021: 9999: 9957: 9949:Northern pudu ( 9923: 9915:Southern pudu ( 9905:Northern pudu ( 9889: 9865: 9841: 9806:Pygmy brocket ( 9788:Dwarf brocket ( 9745: 9712: 9688: 9655: 9631: 9594: 9534: 9483: 9459: 9426: 9400:Calamian deer ( 9375: 9369:D. mesopotamica 9342: 9318: 9312:M. vuquangensis 9310:Giant muntjac ( 9220:Fea's muntjac ( 9173: 9167: 9149: 9137: 9121: 9052: 9010: 8973: 8931:M. chrysogaster 8882: 8874:Masai giraffe ( 8831: 8794: 8757: 8743: 8705: 8698: 8641: 8614:Further reading 8598: 8577: 8558: 8524: 8522: 8504: 8476: 8475: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8420: 8413: 8409: 8408: 8404: 8394: 8392: 8375: 8371: 8362: 8360: 8356: 8342: 8327: 8321: 8317: 8296:10.1071/RJ09053 8276: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8255: 8254: 8250: 8245:Wayback Machine 8205: 8201: 8188: 8186: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8161: 8147: 8143: 8136: 8122: 8113: 8106:Wayback Machine 8096: 8092: 8083: 8081: 8079:Segula Magazine 8071: 8067: 8052:Ben-Zvi, Itzhak 8049: 8045: 8040:Wayback Machine 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8000: 7996: 7983: 7979: 7969: 7967: 7960: 7944: 7940: 7922:Sunan Abu-Dawud 7912: 7911: 7904: 7894: 7892: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7856: 7852: 7842: 7840: 7830: 7826: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7750: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7714: 7707: 7703:, Word of Mouth 7698:Wayback Machine 7689: 7685: 7668: 7664: 7650: 7646: 7637: 7635: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7613: 7611: 7602: 7601: 7597: 7583: 7581: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7527: 7513: 7509: 7492: 7483: 7474: 7472: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7453: 7449: 7440: 7438: 7437:. 26 March 2015 7429: 7428: 7424: 7414: 7412: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7384: 7382: 7371: 7367: 7350: 7346: 7333: 7332: 7328: 7311: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7282: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7245: 7241: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7186: 7185: 7181: 7166: 7162: 7152: 7150: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7126: 7124: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7078: 7074: 7063: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7000: 6986: 6982: 6975: 6955: 6951: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6898: 6894: 6884: 6882: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6837: 6833: 6826: 6804: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6764: 6762: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6704: 6702: 6689: 6685: 6670: 6656: 6652: 6645: 6625: 6621: 6610: 6592: 6583: 6553: 6549: 6538: 6518: 6514: 6504: 6502: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6462: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6436: 6432: 6425: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6373: 6369: 6357: 6356: 6347: 6346: 6339: 6337: 6330: 6314: 6310: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6213: 6207: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6173: 6169: 6162: 6146: 6142: 6119: 6115: 6059: 6055: 5991: 5987: 5977: 5975: 5960: 5956: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5935:. Eisenbrauns. 5927: 5923: 5912: 5898: 5894: 5884: 5870: 5866: 5856: 5854: 5839: 5835: 5808:Current Biology 5799: 5795: 5788: 5774: 5767: 5760: 5746: 5739: 5694: 5690: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5560: 5556: 5495: 5491: 5451: 5445: 5441: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5353: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5306:on 25 July 2012 5303: 5292: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5258: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5224: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5177: 5175: 5160: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5129: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5051: 5047: 5000: 4996: 4951:Animal Genetics 4943: 4939: 4876: 4872: 4863: 4861: 4842: 4835: 4795: 4791: 4748: 4744: 4737: 4715: 4711: 4688: 4684: 4653: 4649: 4626: 4622: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4420:...is cited by: 4348: 4339: 4294: 4287: 4220: 4216: 4175: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4139: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4057: 4046: 4040: 4036: 4027: 4025: 4012: 4011: 4007: 4000: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3951: 3947: 3937: 3935: 3934:on 26 June 2012 3931: 3917: 3910: 3891: 3878: 3874: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3791: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3757: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3726: 3708: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3640: 3636: 3628: 3621: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3583: 3576: 3569: 3555: 3548: 3541: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3500:Lund University 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3459: 3458: 3445: 3434: 3413: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3317:. 17 April 2010 3309: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3250: 3249: 3242: 3195: 3191: 3153:Animal Genetics 3144: 3140: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3028: 3005: 3001: 2970:Camelus thomasi 2964: 2960: 2943: 2939: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2853: 2843: 2839: 2830: 2828: 2821:fossilworks.org 2815: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2795: 2762:Camel wrestling 2715: 2708: 2705: 2624:Guelta d'Archei 2616: 2609: 2605:Just So Stories 2600:Rudyard Kipling 2593: 2584: 2582:Brooklyn Museum 2571: 2562: 2560:Brooklyn Museum 2549: 2540: 2538:Brooklyn Museum 2534: 2525: 2522: 2500: 2473:kosher criteria 2461: 2455: 2394:urine of camels 2317: 2311: 2306: 2151:, from Pakistan 2127: 2038: 2032: 2012: 1996: 1883:Armée d'Afrique 1854:Benicia Arsenal 1848:, stationed in 1818: 1812:(547 BC). 1769:camel cavalries 1761:Bactrian camels 1717: 1711: 1695: 1689: 1682: 1672: 1663: 1652: 1643: 1632: 1623: 1612: 1585:and concludes: 1575:southern Levant 1556:Richard Bulliet 1487: 1414: 1407: 1399: 1390: 1384: 1375: 1369: 1360: 1354: 1345: 1339: 1314:sabertooth cats 1222:evolved in the 1188: 1168:collected semen 1110: 1089:T. b. gambiense 1054: 1053: 937:cardiac failure 913:red blood cells 867: 838:life expectancy 834: 824: 818: 809: 808: 803: 802: 790: 784:northwest China 776: 750: 749: 744: 743: 731: 709: 680: 679: 674: 673: 661: 646: 631:Bactrian camel 609:– nine species 583: 578: 501:working animals 464:Ancient Semitic 428: 403: 402: 372: 366:Camelus thomasi 293: 290: 264: 175: 162: 140: 123: 121: 120: 119: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 47: 46: 43: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14991: 14981: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14923: 14922: 14920: 14919: 14906: 14893: 14880: 14867: 14854: 14841: 14828: 14815: 14802: 14789: 14776: 14763: 14750: 14737: 14724: 14711: 14696: 14680: 14678: 14672: 14671: 14657: 14656: 14654: 14653: 14651:Category: Meat 14642: 14629: 14626: 14625: 14623: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14576: 14575: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14554: 14553: 14543: 14538: 14532: 14530: 14524: 14523: 14521: 14520: 14519: 14518: 14516:Slaughterhouse 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14467: 14465: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14424: 14422: 14416: 14415: 14413: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14396: 14395: 14393:Pollotarianism 14390: 14388:Pescetarianism 14380: 14374: 14372: 14368: 14367: 14365: 14364: 14363: 14362: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14336: 14334: 14328: 14327: 14324: 14323: 14321: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14299: 14297: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14258: 14257: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14221: 14219: 14210: 14206: 14205: 14203: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14066: 14065: 14060: 14050: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13965: 13963: 13957: 13956: 13954: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13918: 13917: 13916: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13890: 13888: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13792: 13790: 13778: 13777: 13775: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13608: 13606: 13600: 13599: 13597: 13596: 13595: 13594: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13488: 13486: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13375: 13373: 13367: 13366: 13353: 13351: 13349: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13297: 13295: 13289: 13288: 13281: 13280: 13273: 13266: 13258: 13249: 13248: 13246: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13229: 13227: 13221: 13220: 13218: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13191: 13189: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13179: 13174: 13162: 13160:Bactrian camel 13156: 13154: 13148: 13147: 13140: 13139: 13132: 13125: 13117: 13108: 13107: 13104: 13103: 13100: 13099: 13097: 13096: 13089: 13087: 13081: 13080: 13077: 13076: 13074: 13073: 13069:C. liberiensis 13063: 13061: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13049: 13043:Hippopotamus ( 13039: 13037: 13026: 13024:Hippopotamidae 13016: 13015: 13002: 13001: 12998: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12990: 12989: 12987: 12986: 12977: 12973:C. dromedarius 12968: 12958: 12956: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12944: 12935: 12926: 12917: 12907: 12905: 12894: 12884: 12883: 12870: 12869: 12866: 12865: 12862: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12854: 12844: 12842: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12830: 12820: 12818: 12810: 12809: 12807: 12806: 12796: 12794: 12783: 12777: 12776: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12769: 12760: 12756:S. timoriensis 12751: 12742: 12733: 12724: 12715: 12709:Domestic pig ( 12706: 12697: 12688: 12679: 12669: 12667: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12655: 12646: 12636: 12634: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12622: 12612: 12610: 12602: 12601: 12599: 12598: 12589: 12585:P. aethiopicus 12579: 12577: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12565: 12555: 12553: 12545: 12544: 12542: 12541: 12537:B. togeanensis 12532: 12523: 12513: 12511: 12500: 12490: 12489: 12476: 12475: 12472: 12471: 12468: 12467: 12464: 12463: 12461: 12460: 12450: 12448: 12440: 12439: 12437: 12436: 12427: 12418: 12408: 12406: 12398: 12397: 12395: 12394: 12388:Zebra duiker ( 12385: 12376: 12367: 12363:C. silvicultor 12358: 12349: 12340: 12331: 12322: 12316:Black duiker ( 12313: 12304: 12300:C. leucogaster 12295: 12286: 12277: 12268: 12259: 12250: 12241: 12231: 12229: 12218: 12212: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12204: 12195: 12189:Cape grysbok ( 12186: 12176: 12174: 12166: 12165: 12163: 12162: 12152: 12150: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12138: 12132:Klipspringer ( 12128: 12126: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12114: 12105: 12096: 12086: 12084: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12072: 12063: 12059:M. piacentinii 12054: 12045: 12035: 12033: 12025: 12024: 12022: 12021: 12011: 12009: 11998: 11992: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11984: 11974: 11972: 11964: 11963: 11961: 11960: 11950: 11948: 11937: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11925: 11921:P. przewalskii 11916: 11907: 11897: 11895: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883: 11874: 11865: 11856: 11847: 11841:Dama gazelle ( 11837: 11835: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11823: 11813: 11811: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11799: 11790: 11781: 11775:Rhim gazelle ( 11772: 11763: 11754: 11745: 11736: 11726: 11724: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11712: 11703: 11694: 11685: 11675: 11673: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11661: 11651: 11649: 11641: 11640: 11638: 11637: 11633:A. marsupialis 11627: 11625: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11613: 11603: 11601: 11590: 11580: 11579: 11559: 11558: 11555: 11554: 11551: 11550: 11547: 11546: 11544: 11543: 11537:Common eland ( 11534: 11524: 11522: 11514: 11513: 11511: 11510: 11501: 11495:Greater kudu ( 11492: 11483: 11474: 11465: 11456: 11447: 11437: 11435: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11398: 11388: 11386: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11364: 11362: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11350: 11341: 11332: 11323: 11314: 11308:Domestic yak ( 11305: 11296: 11287: 11278: 11269: 11259: 11257: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11245: 11236: 11232:B. mindorensis 11227: 11221:Lowland anoa ( 11218: 11209: 11199: 11197: 11186: 11180: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11172: 11162: 11160: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11148: 11138: 11136: 11125: 11115: 11114: 11094: 11093: 11090: 11089: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11082: 11073: 11063: 11061: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11049: 11039: 11037: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11025: 11016: 11007: 10998: 10989: 10980: 10971: 10961: 10959: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10947: 10941:Nilgiri tahr ( 10937: 10935: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10923: 10913: 10911: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10899: 10889: 10887: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10875: 10866: 10857: 10848: 10838: 10836: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10824: 10814: 10812: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10800: 10794:Taiwan serow ( 10791: 10782: 10773: 10763: 10761: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10749: 10740: 10731: 10725:Iberian ibex ( 10722: 10713: 10704: 10695: 10686: 10677: 10668: 10658: 10656: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10644: 10634: 10632: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10614:Arabian tahr ( 10610: 10608: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10596: 10586: 10584: 10572: 10571: 10551: 10550: 10547: 10546: 10543: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10507: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10499: 10489: 10487: 10476: 10470: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10462: 10453: 10443: 10441: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10429: 10419: 10417: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10405: 10396: 10386: 10384: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10372: 10362: 10360: 10349: 10343: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10325: 10323: 10312: 10306: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10288: 10286: 10275: 10269: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10261: 10252: 10248:R. fulvorufula 10243: 10233: 10231: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10219: 10210: 10201: 10192: 10183: 10173: 10171: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10146: 10136: 10134: 10126: 10125: 10123: 10122: 10116:Arabian oryx ( 10113: 10104: 10095: 10085: 10083: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10071: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10039: 10029: 10028: 10013: 10012: 10009: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9997: 9993:O. virginianus 9988: 9979: 9969: 9967: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9955: 9946: 9936: 9934: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9921: 9912: 9901: 9899: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9887: 9877: 9875: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9863: 9859:O. bezoarticus 9853: 9851: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9839: 9830: 9821: 9812: 9803: 9799:M. gouazoubira 9797:Gray brocket ( 9794: 9785: 9776: 9767: 9757: 9755: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9743: 9734: 9724: 9722: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9700: 9698: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9686: 9677: 9667: 9665: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9653: 9643: 9641: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9629: 9619: 9617: 9606: 9600: 9599: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9583: 9574: 9565: 9556: 9552:C. albirostris 9546: 9544: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9532: 9523: 9514: 9505: 9495: 9493: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9471: 9469: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9448: 9438: 9436: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9424: 9415: 9406: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9364: 9354: 9352: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9336:E. cephalophus 9330: 9328: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9316: 9307: 9298: 9289: 9280: 9271: 9265:Leaf muntjac ( 9262: 9258:M. puhoatensis 9253: 9244: 9235: 9226: 9217: 9208: 9198: 9196: 9185: 9175: 9174: 9159: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9119: 9115:T. williamsoni 9110: 9101: 9092: 9083: 9074: 9064: 9062: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9041: 9032: 9022: 9020: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9008: 8998: 8996: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8967:M. moschiferus 8962: 8958:M. leucogaster 8953: 8944: 8935: 8926: 8922:M. berezovskii 8917: 8907: 8905: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8871: 8862: 8853: 8843: 8841: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8819: 8817: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8782: 8780: 8769: 8767:Antilocapridae 8759: 8758: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8739:Laurasiatheria 8735: 8729: 8723: 8717: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8697: 8696: 8689: 8682: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8640: 8639:External links 8637: 8636: 8635: 8611: 8610: 8596: 8581: 8575: 8562: 8556: 8531: 8502: 8487: 8474: 8473: 8454:(2): 175–179. 8434: 8423:on 12 May 2013 8402: 8369: 8340: 8315: 8270: 8248: 8209:Anthropologist 8199: 8179:UN News Centre 8166: 8159: 8141: 8134: 8111: 8090: 8065: 8043: 8025: 7994: 7977: 7958: 7938: 7902: 7876: 7850: 7824: 7775: 7739: 7705: 7683: 7662: 7644: 7620: 7595: 7560: 7532: 7525: 7507: 7481: 7457: 7447: 7422: 7396: 7365: 7344: 7326: 7305: 7272: 7265: 7239: 7225: 7222:. 16 May 2019. 7211: 7193: 7179: 7160: 7134: 7103: 7072: 7057: 7027: 7005: 6998: 6980: 6973: 6949: 6925: 6918: 6892: 6862: 6851:on 22 May 2013 6831: 6824: 6798: 6787:on 26 May 2013 6772: 6746: 6716: 6683: 6668: 6650: 6643: 6619: 6608: 6581: 6547: 6536: 6512: 6481: 6474: 6456: 6430: 6423: 6405:, ed. (2004). 6403:Fagan, Brian M 6394: 6387: 6367: 6328: 6308: 6289: 6258: 6224:(2): 277–285. 6198: 6167: 6160: 6140: 6113: 6053: 5985: 5954: 5941: 5921: 5910: 5892: 5882: 5864: 5833: 5793: 5786: 5765: 5758: 5737: 5708:(2): 251–260. 5688: 5638: 5579: 5572: 5562:Singh; Tomar. 5554: 5489: 5439: 5372: 5365: 5347: 5317: 5277: 5270: 5249: 5215: 5185: 5154: 5120: 5094: 5045: 4994: 4957:(4): 377–382. 4937: 4870: 4844:Potts, Danel. 4833: 4806:(4): 499–515. 4789: 4742: 4735: 4709: 4682: 4647: 4620: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4513: 4441:BioMed Central 4421: 4349: 4337: 4308:Annual Reviews 4285: 4214: 4187:(5855): 1373. 4164: 4153:on 26 May 2013 4128: 4098: 4076: 4070:978-0192806819 4069: 4044: 4034: 4005: 3998: 3974: 3967: 3945: 3908: 3872: 3834: 3801: 3767: 3763:Channel 4 (UK) 3748: 3735: 3724: 3697: 3671: 3634: 3606: 3599: 3591:Nelson Thornes 3574: 3567: 3546: 3539: 3517: 3482: 3443: 3411: 3380: 3341: 3328: 3302: 3273: 3240: 3211:(4): 550–558. 3189: 3160:(6): 598–612. 3138: 3087: 3056: 3041: 3026: 2999: 2986:(1): 115–134. 2958: 2937: 2918:(1): 120–125. 2898: 2864:(2): 359–370. 2837: 2807: 2806: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2775:Camelus moreli 2771: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2717:Animals portal 2704: 2701: 2639:Horn of Africa 2622:Camels in the 2615: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2594: 2587: 2585: 2572: 2565: 2563: 2550: 2543: 2541: 2535: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2516: 2499: 2496: 2488:Makhamara clan 2477:chew their cud 2454: 2451: 2445:), he allowed 2433:migrated from 2407:, the prophet 2313:Main article: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2271:bubonic plague 2126: 2123: 2034:Main article: 2031: 2028: 2016:Middle Eastern 2011: 2008: 2000:beauty pageant 1995: 1992: 1988:Tropas Nómadas 1984:Western Sahara 1975:Tropas Nómadas 1893:fought during 1817: 1814: 1713:Main article: 1710: 1707: 1691:Main article: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1673: 1666: 1664: 1653: 1646: 1644: 1633: 1626: 1624: 1613: 1606: 1486: 1483: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1400: 1393: 1391: 1385: 1378: 1376: 1370: 1363: 1361: 1355: 1348: 1346: 1340: 1333: 1187: 1184: 1109: 1106: 1039:reference test 866: 863: 833: 830: 827: 826: 819: CR 814: 796: 780: 769: 758: 757: 755: 737: 713: 711:Linnaeus, 1758 702: 688: 687: 685: 667: 652:Domesticated; 650: 648:Linnaeus, 1758 639: 628: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 582: 581:Extant species 579: 577: 574: 513:Bactrian camel 499:). Camels are 430: 429: 427: 426: 415: 400: 399: 398: 395: 394: 388: 387: 383: 382: 374: 373: 371: 370: 361: 352: 348:Camelus moreli 343: 334: 325: 318: 311: 303: 300: 299: 295: 294: 292:Linnaeus, 1758 291: 282: 281: 275: 274: 257: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 227: 223: 222: 217: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 169: 168: 160:Bactrian camel 156: 155: 147: 146: 134: 133: 125: 124: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14990: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14935: 14933: 14916: 14911: 14907: 14903: 14898: 14894: 14890: 14885: 14881: 14877: 14872: 14868: 14864: 14859: 14855: 14851: 14846: 14842: 14838: 14833: 14829: 14825: 14820: 14816: 14812: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14794: 14790: 14786: 14781: 14777: 14773: 14768: 14764: 14760: 14755: 14751: 14747: 14742: 14738: 14734: 14729: 14725: 14721: 14716: 14712: 14707: 14701: 14697: 14692: 14686: 14682: 14681: 14679: 14677: 14673: 14669: 14664: 14652: 14643: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14630: 14627: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14574: 14571: 14570: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14558:Cultured meat 14556: 14552: 14549: 14548: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14533: 14531: 14525: 14517: 14514: 14513: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14468: 14466: 14464: 14463:Meat industry 14460: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14425: 14423: 14421: 14417: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14385: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14378:Vegetarianism 14376: 14375: 14373: 14369: 14361: 14358: 14357: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14350:Animal rights 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14337: 14335: 14329: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14300: 14298: 14294: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14256: 14253: 14252: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14218: 14214: 14211: 14209:List articles 14207: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14110:Luncheon meat 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14055: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13964: 13958: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13926: 13922: 13919: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13889: 13887: 13883: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13793: 13791: 13789: 13783: 13779: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13707:Pacific saury 13705: 13703: 13702:Orange roughy 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13609: 13607: 13605: 13601: 13593: 13590: 13589: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13489: 13487: 13485: 13481: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13368: 13363: 13357: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13298: 13296: 13294: 13290: 13286: 13279: 13274: 13272: 13267: 13265: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13222: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13192: 13190: 13188: 13184: 13178: 13175: 13171: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13157: 13155: 13153: 13149: 13145: 13138: 13133: 13131: 13126: 13124: 13119: 13118: 13115: 13095: 13091: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13082: 13072: 13070: 13065: 13064: 13062: 13060: 13059: 13054: 13048: 13046: 13041: 13040: 13038: 13036: 13035: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13021: 13017: 13013: 13007: 13003: 12985: 12983: 12978: 12976: 12974: 12969: 12967: 12965: 12964:C. bactrianus 12960: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12954: 12949: 12943: 12941: 12936: 12934: 12932: 12927: 12925: 12923: 12918: 12916: 12914: 12909: 12908: 12906: 12904: 12903: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12875: 12871: 12853: 12851: 12846: 12845: 12843: 12841: 12840: 12835: 12829: 12827: 12822: 12821: 12819: 12817: 12816: 12811: 12805: 12803: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12793: 12792: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12778: 12768: 12766: 12765:S. verrucosus 12761: 12759: 12757: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12743: 12741: 12739: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12716: 12714: 12712: 12711:S. domesticus 12707: 12705: 12703: 12702:S. celebensis 12698: 12696: 12694: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12680: 12678: 12676: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12654: 12652: 12647: 12645: 12643: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12632: 12631:Potamochoerus 12627: 12621: 12619: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12608: 12603: 12597: 12595: 12590: 12588: 12586: 12581: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12575: 12570: 12564: 12562: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12552: 12551: 12546: 12540: 12538: 12533: 12531: 12529: 12528:B. celebensis 12524: 12522: 12520: 12515: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12509: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12487: 12481: 12477: 12459: 12457: 12452: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12446: 12441: 12435: 12433: 12428: 12426: 12424: 12419: 12417: 12415: 12412:Blue duiker ( 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12404: 12399: 12393: 12391: 12386: 12384: 12382: 12377: 12375: 12373: 12368: 12366: 12364: 12359: 12357: 12355: 12350: 12348: 12346: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12327:C. nigrifrons 12323: 12321: 12319: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12309:C. natalensis 12305: 12303: 12301: 12296: 12294: 12292: 12287: 12285: 12283: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12269: 12267: 12265: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12255:C. callipygus 12251: 12249: 12247: 12242: 12240: 12238: 12233: 12232: 12230: 12228: 12227: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12213: 12203: 12201: 12196: 12194: 12192: 12187: 12185: 12183: 12182:R. campestris 12178: 12177: 12175: 12173: 12172: 12167: 12161: 12159: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12137: 12135: 12134:O. oreotragus 12130: 12129: 12127: 12125: 12124: 12119: 12113: 12111: 12106: 12104: 12102: 12097: 12095: 12093: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12083: 12082: 12077: 12071: 12069: 12064: 12062: 12060: 12055: 12053: 12051: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12026: 12020: 12018: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12008: 12007: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11993: 11983: 11981: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11970: 11965: 11959: 11957: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11946: 11941: 11938: 11934: 11924: 11922: 11917: 11915: 11913: 11908: 11906: 11904: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11893: 11888: 11882: 11880: 11875: 11873: 11871: 11866: 11864: 11862: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11848: 11846: 11844: 11839: 11838: 11836: 11834: 11833: 11828: 11822: 11820: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11809: 11804: 11798: 11796: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11782: 11780: 11778: 11777:G. leptoceros 11773: 11771: 11769: 11764: 11762: 11760: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11746: 11744: 11742: 11737: 11735: 11733: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11723: 11722: 11717: 11711: 11709: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11686: 11684: 11682: 11681:E. albonotata 11677: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11671: 11666: 11660: 11658: 11657:A. cervicapra 11653: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11647: 11642: 11636: 11634: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11623: 11618: 11612: 11610: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11575: 11571: 11564: 11560: 11542: 11540: 11535: 11533: 11531: 11528:Giant eland ( 11526: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11509: 11507: 11506:T. sylvaticus 11502: 11500: 11498: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11468:Lesser kudu ( 11466: 11464: 11462: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11430: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11407: 11397: 11395: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11385: 11384: 11379: 11373: 11371: 11366: 11365: 11363: 11361: 11360: 11355: 11349: 11347: 11342: 11340: 11338: 11333: 11331: 11329: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11283:B. domesticus 11281:Bali cattle ( 11279: 11277: 11275: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11261: 11260: 11258: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11244: 11242: 11237: 11235: 11233: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11219: 11217: 11215: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11195: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11181: 11171: 11169: 11164: 11163: 11161: 11159: 11158: 11153: 11147: 11145: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11134: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11110: 11106: 11099: 11095: 11081: 11079: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11054: 11048: 11046: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11035: 11030: 11024: 11022: 11017: 11015: 11013: 11008: 11006: 11004: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10985:O. canadensis 10981: 10979: 10977: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10957: 10952: 10946: 10944: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10933: 10932:Nilgiritragus 10928: 10922: 10920: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10910: 10909: 10904: 10898: 10896: 10895:O. americanus 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10885: 10880: 10874: 10872: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10858: 10856: 10854: 10849: 10847: 10845: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10834: 10829: 10823: 10821: 10820:H. jemlahicus 10816: 10815: 10813: 10811: 10810: 10805: 10799: 10797: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10783: 10781: 10779: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10759: 10754: 10748: 10746: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10716:Nubian ibex ( 10714: 10712: 10710: 10707:Alpine ibex ( 10705: 10703: 10701: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10678: 10676: 10674: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10655: 10654: 10649: 10643: 10641: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10630: 10625: 10619: 10617: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10607: 10606: 10601: 10595: 10593: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10583: 10582: 10577: 10573: 10567: 10563: 10556: 10552: 10538: 10536: 10532: 10526: 10524: 10520: 10514: 10512: 10508: 10498: 10496: 10491: 10490: 10488: 10486: 10485: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10474:Pantholopinae 10471: 10461: 10459: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10439: 10434: 10428: 10426: 10425:A. buselaphus 10421: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10415: 10410: 10404: 10402: 10397: 10395: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10382: 10377: 10371: 10369: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10344: 10334: 10332: 10329:Grey rhebok ( 10327: 10326: 10324: 10322: 10321: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10307: 10297: 10295: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10273:Aepycerotinae 10270: 10260: 10258: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10218: 10216: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10204:Nile lechwe ( 10202: 10200: 10198: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10184: 10182: 10180: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10169: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10155: 10145: 10143: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10127: 10121: 10119: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10081: 10076: 10070: 10068: 10063: 10061: 10059: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10049: 10048: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10037:Hippotraginae 10034: 10030: 10025: 10018: 10014: 9996: 9994: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9920: 9918: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9897: 9892: 9886: 9884: 9883:B. dichotomus 9879: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9873: 9868: 9862: 9860: 9857:Pampas deer ( 9855: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9844: 9838: 9836: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9817:M. nemorivaga 9813: 9811: 9809: 9804: 9802: 9800: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9761:Red brocket ( 9759: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9742: 9740: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9730:H. antisensis 9726: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9709: 9707: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9685: 9683: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9652: 9650: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9634: 9628: 9626: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9615: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9591: 9589: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9570:C. canadensis 9566: 9564: 9562: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9542: 9537: 9531: 9529: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9519:R. timorensis 9515: 9513: 9511: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9491: 9486: 9480: 9478: 9477:E. davidianus 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9462: 9456: 9454: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9444:R. duvaucelii 9440: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9434: 9429: 9423: 9421: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9409:Bawean deer ( 9407: 9405: 9403: 9398: 9396: 9394: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9372: 9370: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9345: 9339: 9337: 9334:Tufted deer ( 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9321: 9315: 9313: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9267:M. putaoensis 9263: 9261: 9259: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9213:M. crinifrons 9209: 9207: 9205: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9171: 9164: 9160: 9146: 9144: 9140: 9134: 9132: 9128: 9118: 9116: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9106:T. versicolor 9102: 9100: 9098: 9093: 9091: 9089: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9049: 9047: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9018: 9013: 9007: 9005: 9000: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8994: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8980: 8970: 8968: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8936: 8934: 8932: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8913:M. anhuiensis 8909: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8889: 8879: 8877: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8867:G. reticulata 8863: 8861: 8859: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8828: 8826: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8791: 8789: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8778: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8736: 8734: 8730: 8728: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8708: 8703: 8695: 8690: 8688: 8683: 8681: 8676: 8675: 8672: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8616: 8615: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8589: 8588: 8582: 8578: 8572: 8568: 8563: 8559: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8532: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8495: 8494: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8482: 8481: 8480: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8438: 8419: 8412: 8406: 8390: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8359:on 2012-03-29 8355: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8337: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8274: 8258: 8257:"Feral camel" 8252: 8246: 8242: 8239: 8235: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8162: 8160:9789171062697 8156: 8152: 8145: 8137: 8135:9780307716255 8131: 8127: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8108: 8107: 8103: 8100: 8094: 8080: 8076: 8069: 8061: 8060:She'ar Yeshuv 8057: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8037: 8034: 8029: 8013: 8009: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7987: 7981: 7965: 7961: 7955: 7951: 7950: 7942: 7935: 7933: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7907: 7891: 7887: 7880: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7839: 7838:Stock Journal 7835: 7828: 7820: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7795:(9): 1456–7. 7794: 7790: 7786: 7779: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7699: 7695: 7692: 7687: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7666: 7659: 7655: 7648: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7609: 7605: 7599: 7592: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7564: 7548: 7544: 7536: 7528: 7522: 7518: 7511: 7503: 7499: 7498: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7471: 7467: 7461: 7451: 7436: 7432: 7426: 7410: 7406: 7400: 7393: 7380: 7376: 7369: 7361: 7357: 7356: 7348: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7317: 7309: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7277: 7268: 7266:9780231072359 7262: 7258: 7253: 7252: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7221: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7189: 7183: 7175: 7171: 7164: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7107: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7076: 7068: 7061: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7031: 7023: 7019: 7018:WWII in Color 7015: 7009: 7001: 6999:9781419147999 6995: 6991: 6984: 6976: 6974:9780275986018 6970: 6966: 6962: 6961: 6953: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6929: 6921: 6919:9780813123837 6915: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6896: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6835: 6827: 6825:9781107002876 6821: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6802: 6786: 6782: 6776: 6760: 6756: 6750: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6713: 6700: 6696: 6695: 6687: 6680: 6678: 6671: 6669:9781855321663 6665: 6661: 6654: 6646: 6644:9780195328783 6640: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6623: 6615: 6611: 6609:9781894384018 6605: 6601: 6597: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6539: 6537:9780761815204 6533: 6529: 6525: 6524: 6516: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6485: 6477: 6475:9780313333484 6471: 6467: 6460: 6445: 6441: 6434: 6426: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6398: 6390: 6388:9781847887382 6384: 6380: 6379: 6371: 6363: 6351: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6321: 6320: 6312: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6212: 6205: 6203: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6171: 6163: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6144: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6057: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5989: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5958: 5944: 5942:9781575060835 5938: 5934: 5933: 5925: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5797: 5789: 5787:9780306460920 5783: 5779: 5772: 5770: 5761: 5759:9781844076048 5755: 5751: 5744: 5742: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5575: 5573:9788171336395 5569: 5565: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5376: 5368: 5366:9780756682415 5362: 5358: 5351: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5302: 5298: 5291: 5289: 5288:Poebrotherium 5281: 5273: 5271:9780802144164 5267: 5263: 5256: 5254: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5220: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5158: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5125: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5090: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5010:(1345): 1–6. 5009: 5005: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4860:on 2016-06-23 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4838: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4762:(2): 138–44. 4761: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4722: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4531:: 1075–1087. 4530: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4376:): 999–1002. 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4292: 4290: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4072: 4066: 4062: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4038: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4001: 3999:9780822534341 3995: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3978: 3970: 3968:9780521021418 3964: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3913: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3805: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3745: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3725:9780806131467 3721: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3652:(4): 647–58. 3651: 3647: 3646: 3638: 3627: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3602: 3600:9780174480198 3596: 3592: 3588: 3581: 3579: 3570: 3568:9780802144164 3564: 3560: 3553: 3551: 3542: 3540:9788122412796 3536: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3439: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3384: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3345: 3338: 3337:http://esarf2 3332: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3245: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3052: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3008:Wilson, D. E. 3003: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2980:Geodiversitas 2977: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2941: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2850: 2841: 2827:on 2021-12-12 2826: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2697: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2666: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2532: 2527: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2506: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2481:cloven hooves 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2463:According to 2460: 2450: 2448: 2447:his she-camel 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2392:(d.798), the 2391: 2387: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2359: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2286:Alice Springs 2283: 2279: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2192:ancient Greek 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2150: 2145: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2067: 2062: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2020:North African 2017: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1963:British India 1960: 1955: 1953: 1952:Berlin itself 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1862:John B. Floyd 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1826:camel caravan 1822: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1762: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1715:Camel cavalry 1709:Military uses 1706: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1680: 1676: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1640:Mughal Empire 1637: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1605: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1591:Aravah Valley 1586: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1445: 1440: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1418: 1412:Domestication 1405: 1404: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1372:Poebrotherium 1367: 1362: 1358: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1310:ground sloths 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1207:Poebrotherium 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1176:cloven hooves 1173: 1172:gonadotrophin 1169: 1165: 1161: 1160:C. bactrianus 1157: 1152: 1150: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1101:T. equiperdum 1097: 1096: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1012:immune system 1008: 1006: 1001: 997: 996:medulla ratio 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 972: 970: 966: 956: 952: 949: 945: 940: 938: 934: 930: 929:rete mirabile 925: 920: 918: 914: 905: 900: 892: 888: 886: 882: 873: 869: 862: 860: 855: 851: 846: 844: 839: 825: 822: 821: 815: 812: 806: 800: 797: 794: 789: 785: 781: 775: 774: 773:Camelus ferus 770: 768: 766: 759: 756: 753: 747: 741: 738: 735: 730: 726: 722: 721:Sahara Desert 718: 714: 708: 707: 703: 701: 699: 693: 689: 686: 683: 677: 671: 668: 665: 659: 655: 651: 645: 644: 640: 638: 636: 629: 612: 607: 603: 598: 597: 590: 588: 573: 571: 567: 563: 562: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 449: 445: 441: 437: 423: 419: 416: 412: 408: 405: 404: 396: 393: 389: 384: 380: 375: 368: 367: 362: 359: 358: 353: 350: 349: 344: 341: 340: 335: 332: 331: 326: 324: 323: 322:Camelus ferus 319: 317: 316: 312: 310: 309: 305: 304: 301: 296: 289: 288: 283: 280: 276: 272: 268: 263: 262: 258: 255: 254: 251: 248: 245: 244: 241: 238: 235: 234: 231: 228: 225: 224: 221: 218: 215: 214: 211: 208: 205: 204: 201: 198: 195: 194: 191: 188: 185: 184: 179: 174: 170: 166: 161: 157: 153: 148: 144: 139: 135: 131: 126: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 50: 40: 37: 33: 19: 14948:Arab cuisine 14675: 14580:Mystery meat 14536:Arachnophagy 14476:Branch house 14443:Preservation 14420:Meat science 14371:Alternatives 14360:Meat paradox 14282:Smoked foods 13921:Grasshoppers 13866:Sea cucumber 13861:Shrimp/prawn 13151: 13068: 13056: 13045:H. amphibius 13044: 13034:Hippopotamus 13032: 13012:Whippomorpha 12981: 12972: 12963: 12952: 12951: 12939: 12930: 12921: 12912: 12900: 12849: 12837: 12825: 12813: 12801: 12789: 12764: 12755: 12746: 12737: 12728: 12719: 12710: 12701: 12693:S. cebifrons 12692: 12683: 12674: 12662: 12650: 12641: 12629: 12617: 12605: 12594:P. africanus 12593: 12584: 12574:Phacochoerus 12572: 12560: 12548: 12536: 12527: 12519:B. babyrussa 12518: 12506: 12455: 12443: 12431: 12423:P. maxwellii 12422: 12414:P. monticola 12413: 12401: 12389: 12380: 12371: 12362: 12354:C. rufilatus 12353: 12344: 12335: 12326: 12317: 12308: 12299: 12290: 12281: 12272: 12271:Bay duiker ( 12264:C. crusalbum 12263: 12254: 12245: 12236: 12224: 12216:Cephalophini 12199: 12191:R. melanotis 12190: 12181: 12169: 12157: 12145: 12133: 12121: 12109: 12101:N. moschatus 12100: 12091: 12079: 12067: 12058: 12049: 12041:M. guentheri 12040: 12028: 12017:D. megalotis 12016: 12004: 11979: 11967: 11956:P. hodgsonii 11955: 11943: 11920: 11911: 11903:P. gutturosa 11902: 11890: 11878: 11869: 11860: 11851: 11842: 11830: 11818: 11806: 11794: 11785: 11776: 11767: 11759:G. erlangeri 11758: 11749: 11740: 11732:G. bennettii 11731: 11719: 11707: 11699:E. thomsonii 11698: 11690:E. rufifrons 11689: 11680: 11668: 11656: 11644: 11632: 11620: 11608: 11596: 11538: 11530:T. derbianus 11529: 11517: 11505: 11496: 11487: 11478: 11469: 11461:T. eurycerus 11460: 11451: 11442: 11418: 11410:Tragelaphini 11393: 11381: 11369: 11357: 11345: 11336: 11328:B. javanicus 11327: 11318: 11310:B. grunniens 11309: 11300: 11292:B. frontalis 11291: 11282: 11273: 11264: 11252: 11240: 11231: 11222: 11213: 11204: 11192: 11167: 11155: 11143: 11131: 11078:R. rupicapra 11077: 11069:R. pyrenaica 11068: 11056: 11044: 11032: 11020: 11011: 11010:Snow sheep ( 11002: 10993: 10992:Dall sheep ( 10984: 10975: 10966: 10954: 10943:N. hylocrius 10942: 10930: 10919:O. moschatus 10918: 10906: 10894: 10882: 10870: 10861: 10852: 10843: 10831: 10819: 10807: 10795: 10786: 10777: 10768: 10756: 10744: 10743:Walia ibex ( 10735: 10727:C. pyrenaica 10726: 10717: 10708: 10699: 10691:C. falconeri 10690: 10681: 10672: 10663: 10651: 10640:B. taxicolor 10639: 10627: 10615: 10603: 10591: 10579: 10495:P. hodgsonii 10494: 10482: 10457: 10448: 10438:Connochaetes 10436: 10424: 10423:Hartebeest ( 10412: 10400: 10391: 10379: 10367: 10355: 10347:Alcelaphinae 10331:P. capreolus 10330: 10318: 10293: 10281: 10256: 10247: 10239:R. arundinum 10238: 10226: 10214: 10206:K. megaceros 10205: 10196: 10187: 10178: 10166: 10141: 10129: 10117: 10108: 10099: 10090: 10078: 10066: 10057: 10045: 9992: 9983: 9974: 9962: 9950: 9941: 9928: 9916: 9906: 9894: 9882: 9881:Marsh deer ( 9870: 9858: 9846: 9834: 9825: 9816: 9807: 9798: 9789: 9780: 9771: 9763:M. americana 9762: 9750: 9738: 9729: 9719:Hippocamelus 9717: 9705: 9693: 9681: 9673:C. capreolus 9672: 9660: 9648: 9647:Water deer ( 9636: 9624: 9612: 9587: 9578: 9569: 9560: 9551: 9539: 9527: 9518: 9510:R. mariannus 9509: 9500: 9488: 9476: 9464: 9452: 9451:Eld's deer ( 9443: 9442:Barasingha ( 9431: 9419: 9410: 9401: 9392: 9380: 9368: 9359: 9347: 9335: 9323: 9311: 9303:M. vaginalis 9302: 9293: 9284: 9275: 9266: 9257: 9248: 9239: 9230: 9221: 9212: 9204:M. atherodes 9203: 9191: 9114: 9105: 9097:T. nigricans 9096: 9087: 9078: 9070:T. javanicus 9069: 9057: 9045: 9036: 9027: 9015: 9004:H. aquaticus 9003: 8991: 8966: 8957: 8948: 8939: 8930: 8921: 8912: 8900: 8875: 8866: 8857: 8848: 8836: 8825:O. johnstoni 8824: 8812: 8788:A. americana 8787: 8775: 8737:Superorder: 8731:Infraclass: 8702:Artiodactyla 8621: 8613: 8612: 8586: 8566: 8539: 8523:. Retrieved 8492: 8479:Bibliography 8478: 8477: 8451: 8447: 8437: 8425:. Retrieved 8418:the original 8405: 8393:. Retrieved 8382: 8372: 8361:. Retrieved 8354:the original 8331: 8318: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8261:. Retrieved 8251: 8232: 8215:(1): 45–55. 8212: 8208: 8202: 8194: 8187:. Retrieved 8178: 8169: 8150: 8144: 8125: 8097: 8093: 8082:. Retrieved 8078: 8068: 8059: 8055: 8046: 8028: 8016:. Retrieved 8007: 7997: 7985: 7980: 7968:. Retrieved 7948: 7941: 7929: 7926:the original 7917: 7893:. Retrieved 7889: 7879: 7867:. Retrieved 7863: 7853: 7841:. Retrieved 7837: 7827: 7792: 7788: 7778: 7766:. Retrieved 7757: 7730:. Retrieved 7721: 7701:The Guardian 7686: 7672: 7665: 7657: 7654:The National 7653: 7647: 7636:. Retrieved 7632: 7623: 7612:. Retrieved 7610:. 2017-09-01 7607: 7598: 7589: 7582:. Retrieved 7573: 7563: 7551:. Retrieved 7535: 7516: 7510: 7496: 7473:. Retrieved 7469: 7460: 7450: 7439:. Retrieved 7435:The National 7434: 7425: 7413:. Retrieved 7399: 7390: 7383:. Retrieved 7368: 7354: 7347: 7329: 7315: 7308: 7296:. Retrieved 7292:the original 7287: 7284:"Camel Milk" 7250: 7242: 7228: 7214: 7205: 7196: 7182: 7173: 7163: 7151:. Retrieved 7146: 7137: 7125:. Retrieved 7121:the original 7116: 7113:"Los Medios" 7106: 7094:. Retrieved 7088:. Location. 7085: 7075: 7067:IndiaNetzone 7066: 7060: 7048:. Retrieved 7044:the original 7039: 7030: 7017: 7008: 6989: 6983: 6959: 6952: 6944: 6935: 6928: 6903: 6895: 6883:. Retrieved 6879:the original 6874: 6865: 6853:. Retrieved 6849:the original 6844: 6834: 6809: 6801: 6789:. Retrieved 6785:the original 6775: 6763:. Retrieved 6749: 6737:. Retrieved 6733:the original 6728: 6719: 6710: 6703:. Retrieved 6693: 6686: 6676: 6673: 6659: 6653: 6629: 6622: 6599: 6576: 6560: 6550: 6541: 6522: 6515: 6503:. Retrieved 6494: 6484: 6465: 6459: 6447:. Retrieved 6443: 6433: 6410: 6397: 6377: 6370: 6338:. Retrieved 6318: 6311: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6280:. Retrieved 6276:the original 6271: 6261: 6249:. Retrieved 6221: 6217: 6189:. Retrieved 6180: 6170: 6150: 6143: 6126: 6122: 6116: 6071: 6067: 6056: 6003: 5999: 5988: 5976:. Retrieved 5972:the original 5967: 5957: 5946:. Retrieved 5931: 5924: 5915: 5901: 5895: 5887: 5873: 5867: 5855:. Retrieved 5846: 5836: 5811: 5807: 5796: 5777: 5749: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5658: 5654: 5641: 5598: 5592: 5582: 5563: 5557: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5459: 5455: 5442: 5389: 5385: 5375: 5356: 5350: 5338:. Retrieved 5330:Science Buzz 5329: 5320: 5308:. Retrieved 5301:the original 5296: 5287: 5280: 5261: 5240:. Retrieved 5236:the original 5231: 5206:. Retrieved 5197: 5188: 5176:. Retrieved 5168:The Guardian 5167: 5157: 5145:. Retrieved 5141:the original 5136: 5111:. Retrieved 5097: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4889: 4883: 4873: 4862:. Retrieved 4858:the original 4853: 4849: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4720: 4712: 4698:(2): 115–8. 4695: 4691: 4685: 4663:(6): 622–4. 4660: 4656: 4650: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4524: 4518: 4436: 4430: 4365: 4359: 4303: 4297: 4238:EDP Sciences 4233: 4227: 4217: 4184: 4178: 4155:. Retrieved 4151:the original 4146: 4119:. Retrieved 4115:the original 4110: 4101: 4093:the original 4088: 4079: 4060: 4037: 4026:. Retrieved 4018:ResearchGate 4017: 4008: 3984: 3977: 3954: 3948: 3936:. Retrieved 3929:the original 3903:the original 3896: 3884:. New York: 3881: 3875: 3846: 3837: 3825:. Retrieved 3814: 3804: 3792:. Retrieved 3788:the original 3779: 3770: 3746:DOHA OFFICE. 3738: 3715: 3688:. Retrieved 3684:the original 3674: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3609: 3586: 3558: 3526: 3520: 3508:. Retrieved 3485: 3473:. Retrieved 3469:the original 3464: 3437: 3403:. Retrieved 3394: 3389: 3383: 3374: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3331: 3319:. Retrieved 3314: 3305: 3293:. Retrieved 3264:. Retrieved 3260:the original 3255: 3208: 3202: 3192: 3157: 3151: 3141: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3078:. Retrieved 3069: 3059: 3050: 3044: 3012: 3002: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2947: 2940: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2861: 2857: 2848: 2840: 2829:. Retrieved 2825:the original 2820: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2773: 2766: 2746:Camel racing 2736:Camel howdah 2693: 2678: 2671: 2632: 2603: 2595: 2577: 2573: 2555: 2551: 2501: 2485: 2462: 2412: 2402: 2371: 2365: 2351: 2341: 2323: 2318: 2275: 2260: 2220:Saudi Arabia 2204:Heliogabalus 2189: 2174: 2162: 2157: 2154: 2128: 2116: 2092:camel cheese 2077: 2070: 2013: 1997: 1987: 1973: 1971: 1956: 1943:World War II 1940: 1929: 1918: 1899: 1895:World War II 1876: 1874: 1839: 1795: 1785: 1766: 1758: 1742: 1696: 1674: 1616:draft animal 1588: 1584: 1572: 1568: 1553: 1525:Timna Valley 1522: 1511: 1503:central Asia 1495:South Arabia 1488: 1464: 1448: 1444:Tang dynasty 1433:Tang dynasty 1422:Tang dynasty 1401: 1344:illustration 1324: 1322: 1287: 1285: 1276: 1254: 1252: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1202:South Dakota 1191: 1189: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1149:hybrid camel 1146: 1111: 1099: 1093: 1087: 1083:T. b. brucei 1081: 1075: 1071: 1058:(rISG75, an 1046: 1034: 1024: 1009: 981: 977:third eyelid 973: 968: 961: 941: 921: 909: 878: 868: 849: 847: 836:The average 835: 823: 817: 810: 804: 798: 771: 762: 751: 745: 739: 704: 695: 681: 675: 669: 654:Central Asia 641: 632: 614:Common name 595: 594: 584: 559: 527: 525: 485:domesticated 479: 478: 467: 435: 433: 417: 406: 364: 355: 346: 337: 328: 320: 313: 306: 285: 279:Type species 260: 259: 230:Artiodactyla 164: 142: 36: 14806:iNaturalist 14700:Wikispecies 14563:Entomophagy 14551:Meat diaper 14541:Cannibalism 14217:Meat dishes 13999:Charcuterie 13962:preparation 13946:Mopane worm 13936:Mezcal worm 13200:Chilihueque 12922:L. guanicoe 12781:Tayassuidae 12745:Wild boar ( 12684:S. barbatus 12642:P. larvatus 12618:P. salvania 12616:Pygmy hog ( 12550:Hylochoerus 12403:Philantomba 12291:C. jentinki 12273:C. dorsalis 12226:Cephalophus 12110:N. pygmaeus 12068:M. saltiana 12006:Dorcatragus 11980:S. tatarica 11870:N. petersii 11808:Litocranius 11708:E. tilonura 11655:Blackbuck ( 11631:Springbok ( 11574:Antilopinae 11572:(subfamily 11519:Taurotragus 11486:Sitatunga ( 11479:T. scriptus 11470:T. imberbis 11427:(including 11420:Tragelaphus 11241:B. quarlesi 11123:Boselaphini 11107:(subfamily 11012:O. nivicola 10853:N. caudatus 10842:Red goral ( 10833:Naemorhedus 10796:C. swinhoei 10776:Red serow ( 10758:Capricornis 10736:C. sibirica 10673:C. caucasia 10664:C. aegagrus 10662:Wild goat ( 10616:A. jayakari 10605:Arabitragus 10564:(subfamily 10535:Antilopinae 10458:C. taurinus 10401:D. pygargus 10294:A. melampus 10215:K. vardonii 10177:Waterbuck ( 10118:O. leucoryx 10047:Hippotragus 9975:O. hemionus 9973:Mule deer ( 9872:Blastocerus 9781:M. bricenii 9739:H. bisulcus 9706:R. tarandus 9682:C. pygargus 9604:Capreolinae 9586:Sika deer ( 9528:R. unicolor 9517:Rusa deer ( 9420:A. porcinus 9240:M. montanus 9037:M. kathygre 8786:Pronghorn ( 8777:Antilocapra 8544:Oxfordshire 7608:Daily Sabah 7470:www.fao.org 6449:10 December 6358:|work= 6282:22 February 6251:16 February 5661:: 218–225. 5601:(3): 1550. 5509:(1): 1550. 5208:29 November 5147:28 November 5113:29 November 4892:(1): 9970. 4657:Experientia 4601:(1): 8–15. 4310:: 775–797. 3938:29 November 3919:Bronx Zoo. 3794:25 November 3680:"Dromedary" 3395:Youtube.com 3321:29 November 3295:26 November 3266:28 November 3080:28 November 2757:Camel urine 2751:Camel train 2651:Middle East 2558:, c. 1750, 2552:Maru Ragini 2427:milch-camel 2398:Abū Ḥanīfah 2290:Middle East 2170:Eid al-Adha 2147:Camel meat 2073:staple food 1914:World War I 1832:during the 1744:Camel Corps 1658:, southern 1636:kettledrums 1564:anachronism 1479:Gobi Desert 1277:Paracamelus 1256:Paracamelus 1219:Aepycamelus 1178:. Like the 1122:metacentric 1118:flow sorted 1077:Trypanozoon 1051:recombinant 1005:Camel urine 967:called the 944:water vapor 902:A camel in 885:respiration 717:Middle East 561:Paracamelus 418:Dromedarius 14963:Halal meat 14932:Categories 14620:White meat 14595:Pink slime 14573:Artificial 14448:Tenderness 14333:psychology 14331:Ethics and 14165:Salt-cured 13871:Sea urchin 13439:Guinea pig 13058:Choeropsis 12940:L. vicugna 12826:C. wagneri 12729:S. oliveri 12720:S. heureni 12456:S. grimmia 12445:Sylvicapra 12432:P. walteri 12345:C. rubidis 12336:C. ogilbyi 12282:C. harveyi 12246:C. brookei 12200:R. sharpei 12180:Steenbok ( 12171:Raphicerus 12123:Oreotragus 11996:Neotragini 11945:Pantholops 11861:N. notatus 11819:L. walleri 11768:G. gazella 11741:G. cuvieri 11730:Chinkara ( 11622:Antidorcas 11609:A. clarkei 11598:Ammodorcas 11588:Antilopini 11488:T. spekeii 11452:T. buxtoni 11443:T. angasii 11335:Wild yak ( 11319:B. indicus 11274:B. bonasus 11214:B. bubalis 11157:Boselaphus 11133:Tetracerus 11003:O. gmelini 10871:N. griseus 10844:N. baileyi 10809:Hemitragus 10778:C. rubidus 10769:C. crispus 10718:C. nubiana 10581:Ammotragus 10484:Pantholops 10414:Alcelaphus 10399:Bontebok ( 10392:D. lunatus 10381:Damaliscus 10368:B. hunteri 10257:R. redunca 10158:Reduncinae 10109:O. gazella 10058:H. equinus 9984:O. pandora 9964:Odocoileus 9848:Ozotoceros 9704:Reindeer ( 9649:H. inermis 9638:Hydropotes 9561:C. elaphus 9559:Red deer ( 9501:R. alfredi 9418:Hog deer ( 9276:M. reevesi 9249:M. muntjak 9079:T. kanchil 9046:M. meminna 8993:Hyemoschus 8983:Tragulidae 8940:M. cupreus 8858:G. giraffa 8804:Giraffidae 8755:Ruminantia 8525:6 December 8427:7 December 8395:1 November 8363:2011-12-25 8189:7 December 8084:2024-02-18 8010:. Star-K. 7970:25 October 7768:7 December 7732:7 December 7638:2022-10-04 7633:Muslim Aid 7614:2022-10-04 7584:7 December 7553:2016-12-03 7475:2019-10-25 7441:2019-02-22 7415:7 November 7385:6 December 7298:6 December 7174:PEOPLE.com 7127:6 December 7096:6 December 7086:Red Pepper 7040:WARHEAD.SU 6885:5 December 6855:5 December 6791:5 December 6765:4 December 6739:5 December 6705:4 December 6677:dromedarii 6505:4 December 6191:30 January 6129:: 367–68. 6074:(1): 1–9. 5978:6 February 5948:2016-01-08 5857:4 December 5847:Earth News 5340:3 December 5310:3 December 5242:3 December 5170:. London. 4864:2012-11-29 4752:Lama pacos 4503:. 234. PB 4467:2008243698 4157:4 December 4121:3 December 4028:2017-03-03 3985:Adaptation 3475:4 December 3465:Factsheets 3405:2016-01-08 3204:Anim Genet 2831:2021-12-17 2798:References 2741:Camel milk 2655:South Asia 2457:See also: 2296:, such as 2244:Kazakhstan 2066:camel milk 2036:Camel milk 1850:California 1802:Achaemenid 1797:dromedarii 1723:A special 1693:Camel hair 1599:Shoshenq I 1387:Procamelus 1357:Stenomylus 1342:Stenomylus 1213:Stenomylus 1193:Protylopus 1143:, Oklahoma 1114:karyotypes 1023:caused by 1010:The camel 988:intestines 859:ejaculates 725:South Asia 546:, and the 497:camel hair 493:camel milk 18:Camel meat 14968:Livestock 14511:Slaughter 14433:Drip loss 14155:Rillettes 14115:Marinated 14053:Forcemeat 14039:Fermented 13979:Barbecued 13951:Palm grub 13782:Shellfish 13752:Swordfish 13687:Mahi Mahi 13517:Crocodile 13492:Alligator 13371:Livestock 13301:Cassowary 13165:Dromedary 13144:Camelidae 13010:Suborder 12920:Guanaco ( 12892:Camelidae 12878:Suborder 12850:D. tajacu 12839:Dicotyles 12815:Catagonus 12802:T. pecari 12747:S. scrofa 12651:P. porcus 12640:Bushpig ( 12508:Babyrousa 12484:Suborder 12381:C. weynsi 12372:C. spadix 12237:C. adersi 12158:O. ourebi 12092:N. batesi 12081:Neotragus 12050:M. kirkii 11852:N. granti 11817:Gerenuk ( 11786:G. spekei 11750:G. dorcas 11607:Dibatag ( 11394:S. caffer 11359:Pseudoryx 11346:B. taurus 11326:Banteng ( 11301:B. gaurus 11230:Tamaraw ( 11076:Chamois ( 11058:Rupicapra 11045:P. nayaur 11021:O. vignei 11001:Mouflon ( 10700:C. hircus 10689:Markhor ( 10592:A. lervia 10357:Beatragus 10283:Aepyceros 10107:Gemsbok ( 10100:O. dammah 9942:P. carlae 9835:M. temama 9826:M. rufina 9790:M. chunyi 9772:M. bororo 9662:Capreolus 9588:C. nippon 9579:C. hanglu 9466:Elaphurus 9411:A. kuhlii 9325:Elaphodus 9193:Muntiacus 9028:M. indica 9017:Moschiola 8949:M. fuscus 8892:Moschidae 8753:Suborder 8713:Kingdom: 8606:0254-6019 8567:The camel 8542:. Oxford 8520:476039542 8512:0254-6019 8468:0030-6053 8350:1832-6684 7992:. p. 128. 7930:Narrated 7758:CNN World 7466:"FAOSTAT" 7153:26 August 6569:0161-7370 6360:ignored ( 6350:cite book 6090:2399-3642 6030:0027-8424 5732:0567-7920 5724:1732-2421 5531:2041-1723 5476:0737-4038 5416:1664-2376 4971:0268-9146 4914:2045-2322 4636:: 89–92. 4561:316181912 4553:1746-0913 4545:1746-0921 4501:155093354 4475:212423889 4459:1756-3305 4390:1556-6811 4324:0066-4154 4254:1776-1042 3890:Cited in 3863:1020-5187 3690:8 January 3510:7 January 3123:1751-0147 3049:"camel". 2886:209331892 2878:1064-7554 2781:Dromedary 2753:(caravan) 2510:Neolithic 2390:Abu Yusuf 2256:vitamin D 2177:Abu Dhabi 2119:ice cream 2050:Palestine 2022:and some 2010:Food uses 1947:Astrakhan 1878:méhariste 1792:auxiliary 1775:(BSF) of 1642:(c. 1840) 1471:Australia 1306:mastodons 1234:, modern 1186:Evolution 1072:T. evansi 1047:T. evansi 729:Australia 692:Dromedary 532:Camelidae 526:The word 509:dromedary 489:livestock 240:Camelidae 196:Kingdom: 190:Eukaryota 138:Dromedary 14953:Camelids 14850:14200111 14685:Wikidata 14605:Red meat 14600:Raw meat 14529:subjects 14410:Veganism 14277:Meatball 14140:Pemmican 14125:Meatloaf 14120:Meatball 13960:Cuts and 13941:Silkworm 13931:Mealworm 13909:Crickets 13821:Crayfish 13801:Calamari 13697:Milkfish 13682:Mackerel 13677:Kingfish 13652:Flounder 13552:Pangolin 13537:Kangaroo 13522:Elephant 13507:Bushmeat 12982:C. ferus 12938:Vicuña ( 12931:L. pacos 12929:Alpaca ( 12913:L. glama 12880:Tylopoda 12390:C. zebra 12318:C. niger 11892:Procapra 11670:Eudorcas 11646:Antilope 11383:Syncerus 11344:Cattle ( 11337:B. mutus 11265:B. bison 11205:B. arnee 11166:Nilgai ( 11043:Bharal ( 11034:Pseudois 10994:O. dalli 10976:O. aries 10967:O. ammon 10965:Argali ( 10917:Muskox ( 10884:Oreamnos 10862:N. goral 10745:C. walie 10629:Budorcas 10566:Caprinae 10511:Caprinae 10366:Hirola ( 10310:Peleinae 10292:Impala ( 10197:K. leche 10195:Lechwe ( 10091:O. beisa 10067:H. niger 9728:Taruca ( 9695:Rangifer 9625:A. alces 9526:Sambar ( 9453:R. eldii 9433:Rucervus 9391:Chital ( 9183:Cervinae 9170:Cervidae 9131:Cervidae 9059:Tragulus 8733:Eutheria 8727:Mammalia 8721:Chordata 8719:Phylum: 8715:Animalia 8627:Calcutta 8389:Archived 8310:Archived 8305:83822347 8263:10 March 8241:Archived 8183:Archived 8102:Archived 8054:(1967). 8036:Archived 8012:Archived 7964:Archived 7895:27 April 7890:ABC News 7869:27 April 7864:ABC News 7843:27 April 7819:16229781 7762:Archived 7726:Archived 7694:Archived 7678:Archived 7578:Archived 7547:Archived 7502:Archived 7409:Archived 7379:Archived 7360:Archived 7339:Archived 7321:Archived 7206:ABC News 7147:BBC News 7090:Archived 7050:March 4, 7022:Archived 6845:BDSphère 6759:Archived 6699:Archived 6614:Archived 6573:Archived 6499:Archived 6340:14 March 6334:Archived 6242:Archived 6238:44282748 6218:Tel Aviv 6185:Archived 6108:31925316 6048:27162355 5964:"Camels" 5851:Archived 5828:38754423 5683:53713960 5675:30468917 5633:23462993 5549:23462993 5484:26037535 5434:33133011 5392:(1): 5. 5334:Archived 5202:Archived 5198:Metro UK 5172:Archived 5107:Archived 5089:10331286 5040:40857282 4989:19292708 4932:28855525 4850:Silkroad 4828:23226488 4820:17671843 4784:21378633 4776:17065795 4677:23440910 4577:36127288 4569:19824795 4493:31092285 4408:19403780 4332:23495938 4280:13783061 4272:28617666 4240:: 1–15. 4229:Parasite 4209:71028674 4201:18048665 4022:Archived 3867:Archived 3857:. 1994. 3821:Archived 3730:Archived 3626:Archived 3504:Archived 3399:Archived 3371:22186231 3289:Archived 3235:24749721 3184:31532019 3074:Archived 3036:62265494 2890:Archived 2791:Xerocole 2768:Camelops 2703:See also 2505:rock art 2431:Muhammad 2304:Religion 2240:Ethiopia 2216:Djibouti 2202:emperor 2094:because 2052:(now in 1748:Magdhaba 1687:Textiles 1620:Pakistan 1579:Iron Age 1455:Beringia 1374:skeleton 1359:skeleton 1302:mammoths 1273:guanacos 1261:Beringia 1248:guanacos 1228:Camelini 1156:C. ferus 1108:Genetics 1016:antibody 969:pedestal 948:nostrils 788:Mongolia 602:Linnaeus 576:Taxonomy 487:and, as 470:) is an 407:Camellus 392:Synonyms 369:(fossil) 360:(fossil) 351:(fossil) 342:(fossil) 333:(fossil) 298:Species 267:Linnaeus 250:Camelini 236:Family: 220:Mammalia 210:Chordata 206:Phylum: 200:Animalia 186:Domain: 49:Pliocene 14910:ZooBank 14824:1275636 14798:2441236 14733:Camelus 14720:Camelus 14706:Camelus 14676:Camelus 14568:Marbled 14527:Related 14506:Packing 14481:Butcher 14345:Carnism 14287:Sausage 14262:Seafood 14230:Chicken 14200:Tartare 14195:Tandoor 14175:Sausage 14160:Roasted 14145:Poached 14135:Pickled 14058:Cretons 14048:supreme 13989:Braised 13984:Biltong 13886:Insects 13851:Scallop 13841:Octopus 13831:Lobster 13826:Dolphin 13796:Abalone 13788:seafood 13772:Walleye 13757:Tilapia 13732:Sardine 13722:Pollock 13672:Herring 13667:Halibut 13662:Haddock 13657:Grouper 13642:Crappie 13632:Catfish 13612:Anchovy 13582:Venison 13399:Buffalo 13389:Beefalo 13326:Ostrich 13306:Chicken 13293:Poultry 13243:Huarizo 13225:Hybrids 13205:Guanaco 13094:Cetacea 13085:Cetacea 12953:Camelus 12911:Llama ( 12791:Tayassu 12607:Porcula 12156:Oribi ( 12147:Ourebia 12030:Madoqua 12015:Beira ( 11936:Saigini 11843:N. dama 11721:Gazella 11570:Bovidae 11568:Family 11539:T. oryx 11459:Bongo ( 11441:Nyala ( 11368:Saola ( 11290:Gayal ( 11194:Bubalus 11109:Bovinae 11105:Bovidae 11103:Family 11019:Urial ( 10709:C. ibex 10638:Takin ( 10562:Bovidae 10560:Family 10523:Bovinae 10449:C. gnou 10228:Redunca 10140:Addax ( 10024:Bovidae 10022:Family 9930:Pudella 9917:P. pudu 9808:M. nana 9623:Moose ( 9393:A. axis 9360:D. dama 9222:M. feae 9168:Family 9143:Bovidae 9088:T. napu 8902:Moschus 8838:Giraffa 8823:Okapi ( 8725:Class: 8704:species 8700:Extant 8623:anatomy 8536:"Camel" 8229:4980638 7810:3310619 7760:. CNN. 7494:Yagil. 7352:Ramet. 7313:Ramet. 6543:Sahara. 6415:150–152 6181:Haaretz 6099:6946651 6039:4914195 6008:Bibcode 5849:. BBC. 5624:3615376 5603:Bibcode 5540:3615376 5511:Bibcode 5425:7590954 5394:Bibcode 5178:2 March 5080:1689826 5032:8008753 5012:Bibcode 4980:2721964 4923:5577142 4894:Bibcode 4642:5163286 4615:5659175 4484:6518633 4443:: 1–8. 4416:5726158 4399:2708406 4263:5479402 4180:Science 3932:(Flash) 3827:7 March 3716:Deserts 3712:"Camel" 3226:4171754 3175:6899786 3132:2994293 3066:"camel" 2974:Camelus 2920:Bibcode 2647:Maghreb 2453:Judaism 2373:Shaytan 2320:Muslims 2298:Somalis 2282:lasagna 2212:Somalia 2208:Eritrea 1980:Sahrawi 1906:Senussi 1828:of the 1808:in the 1533:Abraham 1491:Somalia 1485:History 1244:vicuñas 1240:alpacas 1224:Miocene 984:kidneys 965:sternum 917:osmotic 904:Somalia 832:Biology 805:Habitat 746:Habitat 676:Habitat 658:Bactria 596:Camelus 570:Miocene 544:guanaco 505:species 480:Camelus 474:in the 462:) from 459:kamēlos 453:κάμηλος 444:camelus 261:Camelus 256:Genus: 246:Tribe: 226:Order: 216:Class: 117:↓ 51:–Recent 14938:Camels 14837:624942 14785:1CMELG 14746:103526 14649: 14501:Jobber 14486:Cutter 14471:Broker 14272:Steaks 14190:Stewed 14180:Smoked 14170:Salumi 14150:Potted 14100:Kidney 14080:Ground 14075:Frozen 14044:Fillet 14024:Cutlet 14014:Corned 14009:Confit 13994:Burger 13925:locust 13904:Cicada 13846:Oyster 13836:Mussel 13806:Chiton 13786:other 13727:Salmon 13692:Marlin 13577:Turtle 13567:Rabbit 13542:Monkey 13532:Iguana 13474:Żubroń 13429:Snails 13424:Donkey 13379:Alpaca 13346:Turkey 13331:Pigeon 13215:Vicuña 13195:Alpaca 12498:Suidae 12099:Suni ( 11832:Nanger 11317:Zebu ( 11299:Gaur ( 11184:Bovini 10908:Ovibos 10213:Puku ( 10188:K. kob 9752:Mazama 9541:Cervus 8814:Okapia 8604: 8594: 8573: 8554: 8518: 8510: 8500: 8466: 8348: 8338: 8302: 8290:: 11. 8227: 8157: 8132: 7956: 7817: 7807: 7523: 7455:33(6). 7392:sleep. 7263: 6996: 6971: 6916: 6822: 6666: 6641: 6606: 6567: 6534: 6472: 6421: 6385: 6326: 6305:: 368. 6236: 6158: 6106: 6096: 6088: 6046: 6036: 6028: 5939: 5908: 5880: 5826: 5784: 5756: 5730: 5722: 5681: 5673: 5631: 5621: 5570: 5547: 5537: 5529: 5482: 5474: 5432: 5422: 5414: 5363: 5268: 5087: 5077: 5038: 5030: 4987: 4977: 4969: 4930: 4920: 4912: 4826: 4818: 4782: 4774: 4733: 4675: 4640: 4613: 4575: 4567: 4559: 4551: 4543: 4507: 4499: 4491: 4481: 4473: 4465: 4457: 4414: 4406: 4396: 4388: 4330: 4322: 4278: 4270: 4260: 4252: 4207: 4199: 4067: 3996: 3965: 3888:(OUP). 3861: 3744:UNESCO 3722: 3666:816376 3664: 3615:UNESCO 3597: 3565: 3537: 3496:Sweden 3369: 3351:Injury 3233: 3223: 3182: 3172: 3129: 3121: 3034: 3024: 2884: 2876: 2641:, the 2598:(From 2469:kosher 2465:Jewish 2443:Hijrah 2439:Medina 2419:Arabic 2405:Thamud 2378:Arabic 2358:Arabic 2330:Arabic 2196:Persia 2185:nihari 2166:qurban 2137:Somali 2096:rennet 2084:butter 2080:yogurt 2054:Israel 2046:Lajjun 1887:Tuareg 1836:, 1912 1755:(1925) 1660:Israel 1622:(2009) 1545:Joseph 1543:, and 1518:Canaan 1451:horses 1294:horses 1246:, and 1236:llamas 1232:Lamini 1198:Eocene 1098:, and 1062:) and 1035:et al. 992:cortex 723:, and 620:Range 593:Genus 587:extant 556:Eocene 552:Lamini 548:vicuña 542:, the 540:alpaca 538:, the 438:(from 424:, 1841 422:Gloger 413:, 1782 411:Molina 14897:Plazi 14889:42521 14819:IRMNG 14811:42232 14772:38902 14691:Q7375 14585:Offal 14296:Other 14185:Steak 14130:Offal 14105:Liver 14095:Kebab 14090:Jerky 14070:Fried 14029:Dried 14019:Cured 13974:Bacon 13914:Flour 13876:Whale 13762:Trout 13737:Shark 13712:Perch 13572:Snake 13547:Mouse 13454:Llama 13444:Horse 13404:Camel 13394:Bison 13336:Quail 13321:Goose 13238:Bukht 13210:Llama 12486:Suina 11969:Saiga 11910:Goa ( 11429:kudus 10653:Capra 10320:Pelea 10186:Kob ( 10168:Kobus 10131:Addax 9614:Alces 9568:Elk ( 8631:India 8421:(PDF) 8414:(PDF) 8357:(PDF) 8328:(PDF) 8300:S2CID 8225:S2CID 8058:[ 8018:4 May 6245:(PDF) 6234:S2CID 6214:(PDF) 5720:eISSN 5679:S2CID 5651:(PDF) 5452:(PDF) 5304:(PDF) 5293:(PDF) 5036:S2CID 4824:S2CID 4780:S2CID 4673:S2CID 4573:S2CID 4541:eISSN 4527:(8). 4505:ORCID 4497:S2CID 4439:(1). 4412:S2CID 4368:(7). 4306:(1). 4276:S2CID 4205:S2CID 3990:42–43 3629:(PDF) 3622:(PDF) 2893:(PDF) 2882:S2CID 2854:(PDF) 2803:Notes 2643:Sahel 2492:Yatta 2441:(the 2435:Mecca 2414:naqat 2409:Salih 2386:Devil 2382:شيطان 2367:Salat 2353:haram 2343:wudhu 2325:halal 2309:Islam 2248:Kenya 2236:Sudan 2232:Libya 2228:Syria 2224:Egypt 2200:Roman 2149:pulao 2100:curds 2030:Dairy 2004:botox 1925:Sinai 1806:Lydia 1790:used 1777:India 1699:yurts 1656:Negev 1547:were 1537:Jacob 1467:feral 1449:Like 1389:skull 1064:ELISA 1043:surra 1021:surra 850:dulla 536:llama 528:camel 476:genus 468:gāmāl 448:Greek 440:Latin 436:camel 42:Camel 14876:9836 14871:NCBI 14832:ITIS 14793:GBIF 14780:EPPO 14759:3GC7 14741:BOLD 14267:Veal 14250:Pork 14245:Lamb 14240:Goat 14235:Fish 14225:Beef 14063:Pâté 14004:Chop 13969:Aged 13894:Ants 13856:Seal 13816:Crab 13811:Clam 13767:Tuna 13747:Swai 13742:Sole 13717:Pike 13627:Carp 13622:Bass 13617:Basa 13604:Fish 13592:Wolf 13562:Hare 13512:Boar 13502:Bear 13484:Game 13464:Veal 13459:Pork 13434:Frog 13414:Goat 13384:Beef 13341:Rhea 13311:Duck 13285:Meat 13233:Cama 13092:see 12902:Lama 10956:Ovis 10080:Oryx 9896:Pudu 9490:Rusa 9382:Axis 9349:Dama 8602:ISSN 8592:ISBN 8571:ISBN 8552:ISBN 8527:2012 8516:OCLC 8508:ISSN 8498:ISBN 8464:ISSN 8448:Oryx 8429:2012 8397:2012 8346:ISSN 8336:ISBN 8265:2022 8191:2012 8155:ISBN 8130:ISBN 8020:2017 7972:2016 7954:ISBN 7897:2020 7871:2020 7845:2020 7815:PMID 7770:2012 7734:2012 7586:2012 7521:ISBN 7417:2011 7387:2012 7300:2012 7261:ISBN 7155:2021 7129:2012 7098:2012 7052:2020 6994:ISBN 6969:ISBN 6914:ISBN 6887:2012 6857:2012 6820:ISBN 6793:2012 6767:2012 6741:2012 6707:2012 6664:ISBN 6639:ISBN 6604:ISBN 6565:ISSN 6532:ISBN 6507:2012 6470:ISBN 6451:2018 6419:ISBN 6383:ISBN 6362:help 6342:2017 6324:ISBN 6284:2014 6272:Time 6253:2014 6193:2014 6156:ISBN 6104:PMID 6086:ISSN 6044:PMID 6026:ISSN 5980:2014 5937:ISBN 5906:ISBN 5878:ISBN 5859:2012 5824:PMID 5782:ISBN 5754:ISBN 5728:ISSN 5671:PMID 5629:PMID 5568:ISBN 5545:PMID 5527:ISSN 5480:PMID 5472:ISSN 5430:PMID 5412:ISSN 5361:ISBN 5342:2012 5312:2012 5266:ISBN 5244:2012 5210:2012 5180:2009 5149:2012 5115:2012 5085:PMID 5028:PMID 4985:PMID 4967:ISSN 4928:PMID 4910:ISSN 4816:PMID 4772:PMID 4731:ISBN 4638:PMID 4611:PMID 4565:PMID 4557:OCLC 4549:ISSN 4489:PMID 4471:OCLC 4463:LCCN 4455:ISSN 4404:PMID 4386:ISSN 4328:PMID 4320:ISSN 4268:PMID 4250:ISSN 4197:PMID 4159:2012 4123:2012 4065:ISBN 3994:ISBN 3963:ISBN 3940:2012 3859:ISSN 3829:2009 3796:2012 3720:ISBN 3692:2008 3662:PMID 3595:ISBN 3563:ISBN 3535:ISBN 3512:2008 3477:2012 3367:PMID 3323:2012 3297:2012 3268:2012 3231:PMID 3180:PMID 3119:ISSN 3082:2012 3032:OCLC 3022:ISBN 2874:ISSN 2653:and 2628:Chad 2423:ناقة 2362:حرام 2348:pray 2334:حلال 2252:iron 2175:The 2158:khli 2125:Meat 1972:The 1957:The 1930:The 1840:The 1786:The 1541:Esau 1507:Iran 1304:and 1180:mule 1164:cama 1147:The 1112:The 1041:for 986:and 982:The 843:hoof 811:Diet 799:Size 786:and 752:Diet 740:Size 682:Diet 670:Size 606:1758 446:and 401:List 271:1758 56:PreꞒ 14858:NBN 14845:MSW 14767:EoL 14754:CoL 14728:AFD 14715:ADW 14255:Ham 14085:Ham 14034:Dum 13784:and 13647:Eel 13637:Cod 13587:Dog 13557:Rat 13527:Fox 13497:Bat 13469:Yak 13419:Dog 13409:Cat 13316:Emu 12664:Sus 11254:Bos 8548:127 8456:doi 8292:doi 8217:doi 7805:PMC 7797:doi 6965:215 6941:123 6816:143 6635:123 6528:156 6226:doi 6131:doi 6094:PMC 6076:doi 6034:PMC 6016:doi 6004:113 5816:doi 5710:doi 5663:doi 5659:194 5619:PMC 5611:doi 5535:PMC 5519:doi 5464:doi 5420:PMC 5402:doi 5390:139 5075:PMC 5067:doi 5063:266 5020:doi 5008:256 4975:PMC 4959:doi 4918:PMC 4902:doi 4808:doi 4764:doi 4760:115 4727:547 4700:doi 4665:doi 4603:doi 4533:doi 4479:PMC 4445:doi 4394:PMC 4378:doi 4312:doi 4258:PMC 4242:doi 4189:doi 4185:318 4042:123 3654:doi 3650:426 3359:doi 3221:PMC 3213:doi 3170:PMC 3162:doi 3127:PMC 3109:doi 2988:doi 2953:231 2928:doi 2916:179 2866:doi 2602:'s 2490:in 2437:to 2425:, ' 2384:, ' 2168:of 2104:FAO 1961:of 1912:in 1856:in 1746:at 1725:BSF 1677:by 1618:in 1493:or 994:to 854:rut 14934:: 14912:: 14899:: 14886:: 14873:: 14860:: 14847:: 14834:: 14821:: 14808:: 14795:: 14782:: 14769:: 14756:: 14743:: 14730:: 14717:: 14702:: 14687:: 8629:, 8625:. 8600:. 8550:. 8538:. 8514:. 8506:. 8462:. 8452:57 8450:. 8446:. 8387:. 8381:. 8344:. 8330:. 8308:. 8298:. 8288:32 8286:. 8282:. 8231:. 8223:. 8211:. 8193:. 8177:. 8114:^ 8077:. 8006:. 7988:. 7962:. 7916:. 7905:^ 7888:. 7862:. 7836:. 7813:. 7803:. 7793:11 7791:. 7787:. 7756:. 7742:^ 7724:. 7720:. 7708:^ 7631:. 7606:. 7588:. 7576:. 7572:. 7545:. 7500:. 7484:^ 7468:. 7433:. 7389:. 7377:. 7358:. 7319:. 7286:. 7275:^ 7257:23 7204:. 7172:. 7145:. 7084:. 7038:. 7020:. 7016:. 6967:. 6943:. 6910:36 6873:. 6818:. 6727:. 6672:. 6637:. 6612:. 6584:^ 6571:. 6559:. 6540:. 6530:. 6497:. 6493:. 6442:. 6417:. 6409:. 6354:: 6352:}} 6348:{{ 6332:. 6303:42 6301:. 6270:. 6240:. 6232:. 6222:40 6220:. 6216:. 6201:^ 6183:. 6179:. 6127:42 6125:. 6102:. 6092:. 6084:. 6070:. 6066:. 6042:. 6032:. 6024:. 6014:. 6002:. 5998:. 5966:. 5914:. 5886:. 5845:. 5822:. 5812:34 5810:. 5806:. 5768:^ 5740:^ 5726:. 5718:. 5706:65 5704:. 5700:. 5677:. 5669:. 5657:. 5653:. 5627:. 5617:. 5609:. 5597:. 5591:. 5543:. 5533:. 5525:. 5517:. 5505:. 5501:. 5478:. 5470:. 5460:32 5458:. 5454:. 5428:. 5418:. 5410:. 5400:. 5388:. 5384:. 5328:. 5295:. 5252:^ 5230:. 5218:^ 5196:. 5166:. 5135:. 5123:^ 5083:. 5073:. 5061:. 5057:. 5034:. 5026:. 5018:. 5006:. 4983:. 4973:. 4965:. 4955:40 4953:. 4949:. 4926:. 4916:. 4908:. 4900:. 4888:. 4882:. 4852:. 4848:. 4836:^ 4822:. 4814:. 4804:15 4802:. 4778:. 4770:. 4758:. 4729:. 4696:76 4694:. 4671:. 4661:42 4659:. 4634:52 4632:. 4609:. 4597:. 4571:. 4563:. 4555:. 4547:. 4539:. 4523:. 4495:. 4487:. 4477:. 4469:. 4461:. 4453:. 4437:12 4435:. 4429:. 4410:. 4402:. 4392:. 4384:. 4366:16 4364:. 4358:. 4340:^ 4326:. 4318:. 4304:82 4302:. 4288:^ 4274:. 4266:. 4256:. 4248:. 4236:. 4234:24 4232:. 4226:. 4203:. 4195:. 4183:. 4167:^ 4145:. 4131:^ 4109:. 4087:. 4047:^ 4020:. 4016:. 3992:. 3957:. 3923:. 3911:^ 3895:. 3865:. 3853:. 3849:. 3845:. 3819:. 3813:. 3782:. 3778:. 3761:. 3751:^ 3728:. 3700:^ 3660:. 3648:. 3624:. 3617:. 3589:. 3577:^ 3549:^ 3529:. 3502:. 3498:: 3494:. 3463:. 3446:^ 3414:^ 3397:. 3393:. 3373:. 3365:. 3355:43 3353:. 3313:. 3276:^ 3254:. 3243:^ 3229:. 3219:. 3209:45 3207:. 3201:. 3178:. 3168:. 3158:50 3156:. 3150:. 3125:. 3117:. 3105:52 3103:. 3099:. 3072:. 3068:. 3030:. 3020:. 2984:40 2982:. 2978:. 2926:. 2914:. 2888:. 2880:. 2872:. 2862:28 2860:. 2856:. 2819:. 2691:. 2649:, 2645:, 2421:: 2380:: 2360:: 2332:: 2254:, 2242:, 2238:, 2234:, 2230:, 2226:, 2222:, 2218:, 2214:, 2210:, 2172:. 2135:A 2121:. 2048:, 2026:. 2018:, 1954:. 1864:, 1824:A 1730:, 1638:, 1566:. 1551:. 1539:, 1535:, 1481:. 1312:, 1308:, 1300:, 1296:, 1242:, 1238:, 1104:. 1092:, 1086:, 813:: 807:: 801:: 754:: 748:: 742:: 719:, 684:: 678:: 672:: 604:, 599:– 589:: 466:: 450:: 442:: 434:A 269:, 167:) 145:) 106:Pg 14046:/ 13927:) 13923:( 13277:e 13270:t 13263:v 13172:) 13168:( 13136:e 13129:t 13122:v 13071:) 13047:) 12984:) 12975:) 12966:) 12942:) 12933:) 12924:) 12915:) 12852:) 12828:) 12804:) 12767:) 12758:) 12749:) 12740:) 12731:) 12722:) 12713:) 12704:) 12695:) 12686:) 12677:) 12653:) 12644:) 12620:) 12596:) 12587:) 12563:) 12539:) 12530:) 12521:) 12458:) 12434:) 12425:) 12416:) 12392:) 12383:) 12374:) 12365:) 12356:) 12347:) 12338:) 12329:) 12320:) 12311:) 12302:) 12293:) 12284:) 12275:) 12266:) 12257:) 12248:) 12239:) 12202:) 12193:) 12184:) 12160:) 12136:) 12112:) 12103:) 12094:) 12070:) 12061:) 12052:) 12043:) 12019:) 11982:) 11958:) 11923:) 11914:) 11905:) 11881:) 11872:) 11863:) 11854:) 11845:) 11821:) 11797:) 11788:) 11779:) 11770:) 11761:) 11752:) 11743:) 11734:) 11710:) 11701:) 11692:) 11683:) 11659:) 11635:) 11611:) 11576:) 11541:) 11532:) 11508:) 11499:) 11490:) 11481:) 11472:) 11463:) 11454:) 11445:) 11431:) 11396:) 11372:) 11348:) 11339:) 11330:) 11321:) 11312:) 11303:) 11294:) 11285:) 11276:) 11267:) 11243:) 11234:) 11225:) 11216:) 11207:) 11170:) 11146:) 11111:) 11080:) 11071:) 11047:) 11023:) 11014:) 11005:) 10996:) 10987:) 10978:) 10969:) 10945:) 10921:) 10897:) 10873:) 10864:) 10855:) 10846:) 10822:) 10798:) 10789:) 10780:) 10771:) 10747:) 10738:) 10729:) 10720:) 10711:) 10702:) 10693:) 10684:) 10675:) 10666:) 10642:) 10618:) 10594:) 10568:) 10497:) 10460:) 10451:) 10427:) 10403:) 10394:) 10370:) 10333:) 10296:) 10259:) 10250:) 10241:) 10217:) 10208:) 10199:) 10190:) 10181:) 10144:) 10120:) 10111:) 10102:) 10093:) 10069:) 10060:) 9995:) 9986:) 9977:) 9953:) 9944:) 9933:? 9919:) 9911:? 9909:) 9885:) 9861:) 9837:) 9828:) 9819:) 9810:) 9801:) 9792:) 9783:) 9774:) 9765:) 9741:) 9732:) 9708:) 9684:) 9675:) 9651:) 9627:) 9590:) 9581:) 9572:) 9563:) 9554:) 9530:) 9521:) 9512:) 9503:) 9479:) 9455:) 9446:) 9422:) 9413:) 9404:) 9395:) 9371:) 9362:) 9338:) 9314:) 9305:) 9296:) 9287:) 9278:) 9269:) 9260:) 9251:) 9242:) 9233:) 9224:) 9215:) 9206:) 9117:) 9108:) 9099:) 9090:) 9081:) 9072:) 9048:) 9039:) 9030:) 9006:) 8969:) 8960:) 8951:) 8942:) 8933:) 8924:) 8915:) 8878:) 8869:) 8860:) 8851:) 8827:) 8790:) 8693:e 8686:t 8679:v 8608:. 8579:. 8560:. 8529:. 8470:. 8458:: 8431:. 8399:. 8366:. 8294:: 8267:. 8219:: 8213:6 8163:. 8138:. 8087:. 8022:. 7974:. 7899:. 7873:. 7847:. 7821:. 7799:: 7772:. 7736:. 7641:. 7617:. 7558:. 7556:. 7529:. 7478:. 7444:. 7419:. 7302:. 7269:. 7236:. 7190:. 7176:. 7157:. 7131:. 7100:. 7069:. 7054:. 7002:. 6977:. 6922:. 6889:. 6859:. 6828:. 6795:. 6769:. 6743:. 6647:. 6509:. 6478:. 6453:. 6427:. 6391:. 6364:) 6344:. 6286:. 6255:. 6228:: 6195:. 6164:. 6137:. 6133:: 6110:. 6078:: 6072:3 6050:. 6018:: 6010:: 5982:. 5951:. 5861:. 5830:. 5818:: 5790:. 5762:. 5734:. 5712:: 5685:. 5665:: 5635:. 5613:: 5605:: 5599:4 5576:. 5551:. 5521:: 5513:: 5507:4 5486:. 5466:: 5436:. 5404:: 5396:: 5369:. 5344:. 5314:. 5290:" 5286:" 5274:. 5246:. 5212:. 5182:. 5151:. 5117:. 5091:. 5069:: 5042:. 5022:: 5014:: 4991:. 4961:: 4934:. 4904:: 4896:: 4890:7 4867:. 4854:3 4830:. 4810:: 4786:. 4766:: 4739:. 4706:. 4702:: 4679:. 4667:: 4644:. 4617:. 4605:: 4599:7 4579:. 4535:: 4525:4 4511:. 4447:: 4418:. 4380:: 4334:. 4314:: 4244:: 4211:. 4191:: 4161:. 4125:. 4073:. 4031:. 4002:. 3971:. 3942:. 3831:. 3798:. 3694:. 3668:. 3656:: 3603:. 3571:. 3543:. 3514:. 3479:. 3408:. 3361:: 3325:. 3299:. 3270:. 3237:. 3215:: 3186:. 3164:: 3135:. 3111:: 3084:. 3038:. 2996:. 2990:: 2976:" 2968:" 2955:. 2934:. 2930:: 2922:: 2868:: 2834:. 2608:) 2576:( 2554:( 2417:( 2376:( 2356:( 2328:( 1130:X 1126:Y 1045:( 660:. 456:( 363:† 354:† 345:† 336:† 327:† 163:( 141:( 111:N 101:K 96:J 91:T 86:P 81:C 76:D 71:S 66:O 61:Ꞓ 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index