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and shared his knowledge of liquid fire with the
Byzantines. Callinicus’ exact formula was a carefully guarded secret, and remains unknown today. Possible ingredients include resin, asphalt, sulfur, naphtha, fine quicklime, and calcium phosphide.
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Born in the city of
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Paul J. Alexander, "The
Strength of Empire and Capital as Seen through Byzantine Eyes,"
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Ideals and
Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam
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110:"Callinicus of Heliopolis | Encyclopedia.com"
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