1863:
Chief
Justice, Attorney General, and Senior Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeal of the affected district or of the entire state. Superior court judges are either appointed by the governor to fill a vacancy after being reviewed by the JNE or elected by the county residents in nonpartisan elections. Judges of superior courts are elected within their counties for six years, judges of courts of appeal are elected within their districts for twelve years, and judges of the Supreme Court are elected at large for twelve years. Judges are always subject to reelection and retention elections. Perhaps the most well known instance of a judge not being retained was Supreme Court Chief Justice
630:
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368:
311:
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416:
1649:
600:
1839:(merit plan) method of appointing judges, in which the Governor's office conducts an investigation of applicants in order to submit a list of potential applicants to the Judicial Nominees Evaluation Commission for a formal vetting process that is not made public. A detailed report is submitted to the governor. The governor makes his nominations and sends his nominees to be reviewed by the Commission on Judicial Appointments which may confirm the nominee at which point they are officially appointed to the bench for a 12 year term.
1417:
1934:
stipulation by the parties. Three types of SJOs have statutory authority in criminal cases: court commissioners, traffic trial commissioners, and traffic referees. There are small differences in the authority of these SJO types, but in almost all instances one type can be cross-assigned to exercise the authority of another type. They are elected by the judges of the Court and given the power to hear and make decisions in certain kinds of legal matters, similar to the
1405:
4057:
1429:
145:
1691:. But because of their crushing caseloads (about 200 matters per justice per year), the courts of appeal are permitted to take the shortcut of selecting only the best opinions for publication. This way, they can draft opinions fast and quickly dispose of the vast majority of cases, without worrying that they are accidentally making bad law. About 7% of their opinions are ultimately selected for publication and become part of California law.
35:
1668:. The state is geographically divided into six appellate districts, Notably, all published California appellate decisions are binding on all superior courts, regardless of appellate district. The First Appellate District sits in San Francisco, the Second District in Los Angeles, the Third District in Sacramento, the Fourth District in
1946:
The (county) district attorney prosecutes crimes before the courts on behalf of
California. Violation of city ordinances may be prosecuted by city authorities. Violation of county ordinances may be prosecuted by county authorities, which may or may not be the responsibility of the district attorney.
1683:
Unlike the state supreme court, the courts of appeal have mandatory review jurisdiction under the informal legal tradition in common law countries that all litigants are entitled to at least one appeal. In practice, this works out to about 16,000 appeals per year, resulting in 12,000 opinions (not
2072:
Before 1998, each county also had municipal or justice courts that heard some of the cases. In June, 1998, California passed
Proposition 220, which allowed the judges in each county to determine if the county should have only one trial court. By 2001, all 58 counties had consolidated their courts
1776:
is the rule-making arm of the judiciary of
California. Pursuant to this role, they have adopted the California Rules of Court as their regulations. The Judicial Council's staff is responsible for implementing council policies. In addition, every court may make local rules for its own government and
1632:
The Court deals with about 8,800 cases per year, although review is discretionary in most cases, and it dismisses the vast majority of petitions without comment. It hears arguments and drafts full opinions for about 100 to 120 cases each year, of which about 20 are automatic death penalty appeals.
1862:
Supreme Court and
Appeals Court judges appointed by the governor to fill a vacancy must be confirmed by the California Commission on Judicial Appointments, although counties may choose to use this system for superior court judges. The California Commission on Judicial Appointments consists of the
1699:
lower superior courts statewide. However, litigants in other appellate districts may still appeal a superior court's adverse ruling to their own Court of Appeal, which has the power to fashion a different rule. When such a conflict arises, all superior courts have the discretion to choose which
1515:
The judicial system of
California is the largest in the United States that is fully staffed by professional law-trained judges. In fiscal year 2020-21, the state judiciary's 2,000 judicial officers and 18,000 judicial branch employees processed approximately 4.4 million cases. In comparison, the
1700:
rule they like until the
California Supreme Court grants review and creates a single rule that binds all courts statewide. However, where a superior court lies within one of the appellate districts actually involved in such a conflict, it will usually follow the rule of its own Court of Appeal.
2000:
Each county has the offices of probation officer, assistant probation officer, and deputy probation officer. Probation officers in each county appointed by the judge of the juvenile court upon nomination by the juvenile justice commission or regional juvenile justice commission of such county.
1891:
The
California Commission on Judicial Performance is responsible for investigating complaints of judicial misconduct, judicial incapacity, and disciplining state judges, and is composed of 11 members, each appointed four-year terms: 3 judges appointed by the California Supreme Court, 4 members
1751:
The superior courts have appellate divisions (superior court judges sitting as appellate judges) which hear appeals from decisions of other superior court judges (or commissioners, or judges pro tem) who heard and decided relatively minor cases that previously would have been heard in inferior
1933:
The
California Constitution provides that the state's judicial power is vested in the courts, but it also permits some delegation of judicial authority. This authority to delegate subordinate judicial duties is distinct from the courts' authority to appoint temporary judges, which requires a
1816:
published independently starting in 1913 containing minor opinions that should have been published but simply were not, when the state supreme court was extremely overloaded with cases during its first half-century (resulting in the creation of the courts of appeal in 1904).
1694:
In
California, the power of the intermediate courts of appeal over the superior courts is quite different from the power of the courts of appeals of the federal government over the federal district courts. The first Court of Appeal to rule on a new legal issue will bind
1980:. All attorney admissions and disbarments are issued as recommendations of the State Bar, which are then routinely ratified by the Supreme Court. California's bar is the largest in the U.S. with 200,000 members, of whom 150,000 are actively practicing.
2009:
The court clerks are responsible for clerical courtroom activities, interacting with the attorneys and the public, administering oaths, assisting with the impaneling juries, and are responsible for the inventory and safe-keeping of the exhibits.
1951:
is the chief law officer of the State, has direct supervision over every district attorney and sheriff, may prosecute any violations of law with all the powers of a district attorney, and may assist any district attorney in their duties.
1842:
Justices are elected for 12 year terms at the same time as the Governor. When a judge's term is expiring another judge from a different court can file a declaration of candidacy to succeed to the office presently held by the judge.
2402:
California Unreported Cases: Being Those Determined in the Supreme Court and the District Courts of Appeal of the State of California, But Not Officially Reported, with Annotations Showing Their Present Value as Authority, Volume
1918:
Jury commissioners manage the jury systems, and are appointed by, and serve at the pleasure of, a majority of the judges of the superior court in each county. The superior court administrator or executive officer serves as
1910:
Jurors are selected at random from the population of the area served by a court, from a source or sources inclusive of a representative cross section of the population. Sources may include the list of registered voters,
4411:
2001:
Probation officers may be removed by the judge of the juvenile court for good cause shown or in his discretion with the written approval of a majority of the members of the juvenile justice commission.
4401:
1485:
as holding the judicial power of the state of California which is vested in the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal and the Superior Courts. The judiciary has a hierarchical structure with the
2540:
The court's members serve 12-year terms and appear on the ballot unopposed in retention elections. Opponents could try to unseat them during their retention elections or try to mount a recall.
1915:' list of licensed drivers and identification cardholders resident within the area served by the court, customer mailing lists, telephone directories, utility company lists, and other lists.
1892:
appointed by the governor (2 attorneys and 2 non-attorney public members), 2 public members appointed by the Assembly Speaker, and 2 public members appointed by the Senate Rules Committee.
3674:
2053:
Fresno County public defenders have protested excessive case loads, carrying about 1,000 felony cases a year giving them an average of only about two hours and five minutes per case.
2255:
2828:(2000) ("he State Bar may make only recommendations to this court, which undertakes an independent determination whether the attorney should be disciplined as recommended").
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unanimously held that it was a violation of due process to allow a non-lawyer to preside over a criminal trial which could result in incarceration of the defendant.
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1883:
The California Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation (JNE) of the State Bar of California investigates the governor's candidates for judicial appointment.
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to hear and decide any civil or criminal action which is not specially designated to be heard in some other court or before a governmental agency, such as
328:
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proceedings, and has the authority to review all the decisions of the California courts of appeal, as well as an automatic appeal for cases where the
3234:
1680:. The districts are further divided into 19 divisions sitting throughout the state at 9 locations, and there are 105 justices serving on the Courts.
374:
3239:
2845:(1966) (Supreme Court may override State Bar's finding of lack of good moral character and force State Bar to certify applicant for admission) and
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The election of judges, as well as the costs of running for office, have been criticized. Median spending for a judicial office of the
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1808:, respectively. The appellate divisions of the superior courts occasionally certify opinions for publication, which appear in the
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1976:, investigating complaints of professional misconduct, and prescribing appropriate discipline. It is directly responsible to the
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2853:(1989) (Supreme Court may override State Bar's recommendation of punishment and prescribe more severe punishment). Notably,
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222:
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3712:
3659:
3356:
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3195:
580:
294:
2065:" courts staffed by lay judges, but gradually phased them out after a landmark 1974 decision in which the
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There are a total of about 1,500 superior court judges, assisted by 380 commissioners and 35 referees.
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or served as a judge of a court of record in this State for 10 years immediately preceding selection.
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135:
2156:"Groundbreaking California chief justice looks back on her tenure after announcing retirement"
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Under the common law, judicial opinions themselves have legal effect through the rule of
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Most of California's roughly 1,600 superior court judges are first appointed by the
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3104:
3094:
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all appeals are pursued properly or are meritorious enough to justify an opinion).
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340:
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214:
1169:
1043:
3321:
2931:
2850:
2842:
2825:
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2400:
2317:
1989:
1965:
1850:. A person is eligible to be a judge only if the person has been a member of the
1665:
1575:
1494:
1409:
777:
2183:
2022 Court Statistics Report: Statewide Caseload Trends, 2011–12 Through 2020–21
1610:. It hears oral arguments each year in all three locations. It consists of the
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651:
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386:
269:
201:
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of the Supreme Court and the courts of appeal, which are published by the
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were added to the judicial branch by a constitutional amendment in 1904.
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1603:
1583:
1502:
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1351:
1211:
1183:
1113:
1057:
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805:
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455:
331:
2812:(empowering State Bar to recommend disbarment, suspension, or reproval).
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1785:
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as an inviolate right. Jury service is an obligation of citizenship.
1864:
1197:
931:
875:
258:
225:
144:
2616:
2507:
2220:
34:
2461:"California voters often don't know much about judicial candidates"
1789:
1788:
tradition, the courts of California have developed a large body of
1141:
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721:
247:
2863:
disbarred by the Supreme Court of California on September 14, 1990
3326:
2035:
2023:
2019:
1857:
1886:
1969:
2808:(empowering State Bar to certify admission of applicants) and
2756:
2711:
2179:
1532:
each technically have more judicial officers than California,
2943:
Maxwell, William Earl; Crain, Ernest; Santos, Adolfo (2010).
3004:
2189:. San Francisco: Judicial Council of California. p. 1
1973:
1636:
The Court also supervises California lawyers through the
2173:
2909:"'Holistic' criminal defense gains footing in Bay Area"
2890:
2888:
2804:
See California Business and Professions Code sections
1508:
The policymaking body of the California courts is the
1879:
California Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation
4101:
2885:
2050:
has risen from $ 3,177 in 1970 to $ 70,000 in 1994.
1566:
The judiciary has a hierarchical structure with the
1381:
Invalid California congressional district number: 53
1784:and other local court implementations. Pursuant to
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2942:
1968:. It is responsible for managing the admission of
1992:acts as defense counsel for indigent defendants.
1760:, and "limited civil" actions (actions where the
4424:
2718:Subordinate Judicial Officers: Duties and Titles
1928:
2443:"California Constitution Article VI Section 16"
2318:57 Cal. 2d 450, 369 P.2d 937, 20 Cal. Rptr. 321
2141:California Courts official government website,
1812:. There is also a separate reporter called the
2787:California Constitution, Article V, Section 13
2707:
2705:
1858:California Commission on Judicial Appointments
1743:has a superior court with one or more judges.
4087:
3027:
2490:
2488:
1887:California Commission on Judicial Performance
1830:
1454:
2578:"Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation"
2702:
1903:The Constitution guarantees the right to a
4094:
4080:
3034:
3020:
2680:
2678:
2665:
2663:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2485:
2352:
2350:
2314:Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court,
1461:
1447:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2426:"Judicial Selection In California Report"
2041:
1875:in the 1986 California general election.
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
2880:California Welfare and Institutions Code
2454:
2452:
2406:. San Francisco, CA: Bender-Moss Company
2153:
1707:
1647:
1549:
3041:
2675:
2660:
2643:
2530:"Justices will hear Prop. 8 challenges"
2347:
2180:Judicial Council of California (2022).
2147:
1913:California Department of Motor Vehicles
1810:California Appellate Reports Supplement
1782:California Court Case Management System
14:
4438:State judiciaries in the United States
4425:
2967:
2906:
2894:
2868:
2839:Hallinan v. Committee of Bar Examiners
2458:
2022:are usually carried out by the county
1780:Court business is conducted using the
1746:
4075:
3015:
2777:California Government Code § 25132(a)
2768:California Government Code § 36900(a)
2619:. Administrative Office of the Courts
2510:. Administrative Office of the Courts
2508:"Commission on Judicial Appointments"
2449:
1995:
2617:"Commission on Judicial Performance"
2398:
1629:has been issued by the trial court.
57:adding citations to reliable sources
28:
2757:Judicial Council of California 2002
2741:California Government Code § 72190
2154:Gonzalez, Vicki (August 17, 2022).
1983:
1712:The Stanley Mosk Courthouse of the
1643:
1536:and have no formal legal training.
24:
3507:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
2857:went on to become San Francisco's
2418:
1703:
25:
4449:
2996:
2048:Los Angeles County Superior Court
1767:
1714:Los Angeles County Superior Court
1621:in a variety of cases, including
4102:Judiciaries of the United States
4055:
3665:Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario
2907:Kaplan, Tracey (21 March 2014).
1798:California Reporter of Decisions
1777:the government of its officers.
1589:
1427:
1415:
1403:
628:
598:
414:
366:
309:
143:
33:
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2473:
2459:Powers, Ashley (June 4, 2012).
2435:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2335:
2323:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2258:. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
44:needs additional citations for
3675:San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland
3655:Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim
2713:Judicial Council of California
2603:"Cal. Cons. Article VI Sec. 8"
2553:"Judicial Nominees Evaluation"
2362:Judicial Council of California
2261:
2248:
2235:
2213:
2201:
2135:
2122:
2073:into a single superior court.
1941:
1936:United States magistrate judge
1774:Judicial Council of California
1534:most of them are not attorneys
13:
1:
2968:Hansen, Mark (October 1998).
2116:
2100:Law enforcement in California
1929:Subordinate judicial officers
1666:intermediate appellate courts
1638:State Bar Court of California
1479:Judicial Branch of California
1398:Politics of the United States
1955:
1820:
1806:California Appellate Reports
1676:, and the Sixth District in
1614:and six Associate Justices.
7:
3235:National Historic Landmarks
2245:. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
2083:
2078:California courts of appeal
2067:Supreme Court of California
2013:
1978:Supreme Court of California
1949:California Attorney General
1835:California uses a modified
1814:California Unreported Cases
1662:California courts of appeal
1654:California courts of appeal
1652:Fresno headquarters of the
1612:Chief Justice of California
1596:Supreme Court of California
1560:Supreme Court of California
1558:is the headquarters of the
1491:California Courts of Appeal
278:Supt. of Public Instruction
10:
4454:
3240:National Natural Landmarks
2735:California Government Code
2638:Constitution of California
2495:Constitution of California
2480:Constitution of California
2387:California Government Code
2375:California Government Code
2342:Constitution of California
2330:Constitution of California
2302:California Government Code
2290:Constitution of California
2221:"Supreme Court-Contact Us"
2208:Constitution of California
2056:
2034:still maintain a separate
1831:Judicial Selection Process
1721:California Superior Courts
1543:
1499:California Superior Courts
541:American Independent Party
164:United States Constitution
4382:
4368:
4107:
4051:
3986:
3683:
3640:
3312:
3255:congressional delegations
3065:
3053:
2344:, Article 6, Section 6(d)
2271:. California State Courts
2269:"About the Supreme Court"
2241:California Constitution,
2223:. California State Courts
2128:California Constitution,
2061:California formerly had "
2004:
1964:is California's official
1898:
1825:
1741:58 counties in California
1602:, with branch offices in
1539:
68:"Judiciary of California"
4402:Northern Mariana Islands
3557:Santa Clara River Valley
3282:state historic landmarks
2861:, while Lynn Pineda was
2699:, Article VI, section 22
2210:, Article 6, § 1 et seq.
2132:.Retrieved April 10 2021
2090:Government of California
1672:, the Fifth District in
1487:California Supreme Court
1422:United States portal
556:Political party strength
4433:California state courts
3537:San Francisco Peninsula
3332:California Coast Ranges
2928:Gordon v. Justice Court
2697:California Constitution
2582:State Bar of California
2557:State Bar of California
2399:Ross, Peter V. (1913).
1962:State Bar of California
1867:and Associate Justices
1737:California Constitution
1518:federal judicial system
1483:California Constitution
1475:Judiciary of California
546:Peace and Freedom Party
171:California Constitution
18:California state courts
3607:Southern Border Region
3532:San Francisco Bay Area
3417:Greater San Bernardino
3387:East Bay (SF Bay Area)
2949:(2009-2010 ed.).
2042:Analysis and criticism
1848:governor of California
1716:
1657:
1656:for the Fifth District
1563:
607:United States Senators
569:Inferior jurisdictions
551:National minor parties
267:Insurance Commissioner
136:Politics of California
4062:California portal
2970:"A Run for the Bench"
2914:San Jose Mercury News
2685:California Civil Code
2670:California Civil Code
2655:California Civil Code
2538:. November 20, 2008.
2018:The functions of the
1762:amount in controversy
1735:. As mandated by the
1733:workers' compensation
1711:
1651:
1619:original jurisdiction
1553:
1544:Further information:
1481:is defined under the
1434:California portal
3660:Sacramento–Roseville
3562:Santa Clarita Valley
2946:Texas Politics Today
2243:Article VI Section 2
2160:Capital Public Radio
2110:administrative court
2063:justice of the peace
2026:under contract, but
1852:California State Bar
1764:is below $ 25,000).
1729:general jurisdiction
1598:is headquartered in
1556:Earl Warren Building
1546:Courts of California
1156:Sydney Kamlager-Dove
638:U.S. Representatives
158:Constitution and law
53:improve this article
4412:U.S. Virgin Islands
3612:Southern California
3527:San Fernando Valley
3477:Northern California
3437:Greater Los Angeles
2847:Pineda v. State Bar
2130:Article 6 Section 1
1972:to the practice of
1925:jury commissioner.
1747:Appellate divisions
1520:has only about 870
1410:Politics portal
435:Tani Cantil-Sakauye
212:Lieutenant Governor
3552:Santa Clara Valley
3547:San Joaquin Valley
3542:San Gabriel Valley
3397:Eastern California
3367:Coastal California
3342:Central California
2792:2011-01-08 at the
2358:"Judicial Council"
2256:art. VI, §§ 10, 11
1996:Probation officers
1802:California Reports
1717:
1658:
1564:
594:Federal delegation
329:President Pro Temp
234:Secretary of State
4420:
4419:
4069:
4068:
3670:San Diego–Tijuana
3617:Transverse Ranges
3567:Santa Ynez Valley
3517:Saddleback Valley
3512:Sacramento Valley
3497:Peninsular Ranges
3472:North County (SD)
3442:Los Angeles Basin
3304:Index of articles
2960:978-0-49-557025-7
2859:district attorney
2640:, Article 1, § 16
2535:Los Angeles Times
2497:, Article 6, § 16
2482:, Article 6, § 15
2466:Los Angeles Times
2095:Law of California
1471:
1470:
536:Libertarian Party
507:Political parties
462:Patricia Guerrero
178:Law of California
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
4445:
4376:Washington, D.C.
4370:Federal district
4096:
4089:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4058:
3402:Emerald Triangle
3392:East County (SD)
3377:Cucamonga Valley
3362:Coachella Valley
3105:California Dream
3095:California sound
3036:
3029:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:Official website
2991:
2964:
2951:Cengage Learning
2935:
2925:
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2918:
2904:
2898:
2892:
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2877:
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2855:Terence Hallinan
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2339:
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2332:, Article 6, § 4
2327:
2321:
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2299:
2293:
2292:, Article 6, § 3
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2166:
2151:
2145:
2143:Judicial Council
2139:
2133:
2126:
2112:of the State Bar
1984:Public defenders
1752:courts, such as
1644:Courts of appeal
1576:appellate courts
1572:courts of appeal
1562:in San Francisco
1510:Judicial Council
1495:appellate courts
1463:
1456:
1449:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1407:
1383:
1254:Nanette Barragán
1072:Grace Napolitano
632:
615:Dianne Feinstein
602:
581:Cities and Towns
522:Republican Party
515:Democratic Party
482:Courts of appeal
418:
394:Minority Leader
385:Majority Leader
370:
348:Minority Leader
341:Robert Hertzberg
339:Majority Leader
321:Eleni Kounalakis
313:
256:State Controller
223:Attorney General
215:Eleni Kounalakis
147:
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3888:San Luis Obispo
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3457:Mountain Empire
3357:Channel Islands
3322:Antelope Valley
3308:
3272:Protected areas
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2826:22 Cal. 4th 430
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2106:State Bar Court
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2016:
2007:
1998:
1990:public defender
1986:
1966:bar association
1958:
1944:
1931:
1901:
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1881:
1860:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1770:
1749:
1725:superior courts
1706:
1704:Superior Courts
1646:
1592:
1582:as the primary
1580:superior courts
1574:as the primary
1548:
1542:
1512:and its staff.
1501:as the primary
1493:as the primary
1467:
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1428:
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1389:
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778:Mark DeSaulnier
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487:Superior courts
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396:James Gallagher
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245:State Treasurer
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4275:North Carolina
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3868:San Bernardino
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3604:
3599:
3597:South Bay (SF)
3594:
3592:South Bay (SD)
3589:
3587:South Bay (LA)
3584:
3582:Silicon Valley
3579:
3574:
3572:Shasta Cascade
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
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3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Salinas Valley
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
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3479:
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3464:
3462:North Bay (SF)
3459:
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3434:
3429:
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3409:
3404:
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3394:
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3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
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3354:
3352:Central Valley
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3324:
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3294:Transportation
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2998:
2997:External links
2995:
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2932:12 Cal. 3d 323
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2851:49 Cal. 3d 753
2843:65 Cal. 2d 447
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3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
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3759:
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3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
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3690:
3688:
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3682:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Fresno–Madera
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3642:Metro regions
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Victor Valley
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Sierra Nevada
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:Pomona Valley
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Mojave Desert
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3427:Klamath Basin
3425:
3423:
3422:Inland Empire
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Conejo Valley
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:Central Coast
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:Cascade Range
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:NRHP listings
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3201:Supreme Court
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
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3157:
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3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2897:, p. 69.
2896:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2759:, p. 14.
2758:
2753:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2698:
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2679:
2671:
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2656:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2639:
2634:
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2604:
2598:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2531:
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2509:
2503:
2496:
2491:
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2468:
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2455:
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2444:
2438:
2427:
2421:
2405:
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2395:
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2376:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2275:September 29,
2270:
2264:
2257:
2254:Cal. Const.,
2251:
2244:
2238:
2227:September 29,
2222:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
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2088:
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2081:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:Shasta County
2025:
2021:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1950:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1896:
1893:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1873:Joseph Grodin
1870:
1866:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:Missouri Plan
1818:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1689:stare decisis
1685:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:death penalty
1624:
1623:habeas corpus
1620:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:San Francisco
1597:
1590:Supreme Court
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:at the apex,
1569:
1568:Supreme Court
1561:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:Maxine Waters
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:Robert Garcia
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:Linda Sánchez
1167:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:Tony Cárdenas
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
989:
985:
982:
979:
975:
971:
968:
965:
961:
960:Jay Obernolte
957:
954:
951:
947:
946:David Valadao
943:
940:
937:
933:
929:
926:
923:
919:
915:
912:
909:
905:
904:Jimmy Panetta
901:
898:
895:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
870:
867:
863:
859:
856:
853:
849:
845:
842:
839:
835:
834:Eric Swalwell
831:
828:
825:
821:
817:
814:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
775:
772:
769:
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
747:
744:
741:
737:
733:
730:
727:
723:
719:
716:
713:
709:
705:
702:
699:
695:
694:Mike Thompson
691:
688:
685:
681:
677:
674:
671:
667:
666:Jared Huffman
663:
660:
657:
653:
649:
646:
645:
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:
633:
631:
622:
619:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
604:
603:
601:
595:
590:
589:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
565:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
523:
519:
517:
516:
512:
511:
508:
505:
504:
501:
496:
495:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
475:
474:Joshua Groban
471:
469:
465:
463:
459:
457:
453:
451:
447:
445:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
432:Chief Justice
429:
428:
425:
424:
423:Supreme Court
420:
419:
417:
411:
406:
405:
397:
393:
392:
388:
384:
383:
379:
376:
373:
372:
371:
369:
362:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
342:
338:
337:
333:
330:
327:
326:
322:
319:
316:
315:
314:
312:
305:
304:
300:
299:
296:
291:
290:
282:
281:Tony Thurmond
279:
276:
275:
271:
268:
265:
264:
260:
257:
254:
253:
249:
246:
243:
242:
238:
237:Shirley Weber
235:
232:
231:
227:
224:
221:
220:
216:
213:
210:
209:
205:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
187:
186:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
161:
155:
154:
151:
150:
146:
142:
141:
137:
133:
132:
123:
120:
112:
109:November 2022
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4407:Puerto Rico
4315:South Dakota
4305:Rhode Island
4300:Pennsylvania
4280:North Dakota
4134:
4053:
3723:Contra Costa
3632:Wine Country
3492:Oxnard Plain
3487:Owens Valley
3482:Orange Coast
3407:Gold Country
3382:Death Valley
3117:Demographics
3055:
2979:
2973:
2945:
2927:
2923:
2912:
2902:
2846:
2838:
2833:
2821:
2817:
2800:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2724:, p. 10
2717:
2692:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2611:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2547:
2539:
2533:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2502:
2475:
2464:
2437:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2401:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2263:
2250:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2215:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2182:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:
2149:
2137:
2124:
2075:
2071:
2060:
2052:
2045:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1987:
1959:
1945:
1932:
1920:
1917:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1869:Cruz Reynoso
1861:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1792:through the
1779:
1771:
1758:misdemeanors
1750:
1718:
1696:
1693:
1686:
1682:
1659:
1635:
1631:
1616:
1593:
1584:trial courts
1565:
1514:
1507:
1503:trial courts
1489:at the top,
1478:
1474:
1472:
1380:
1338:Scott Peters
1310:Darrell Issa
1296:Katie Porter
1128:Norma Torres
1100:Pete Aguilar
1086:Brad Sherman
848:Kevin Mullin
792:Nancy Pelosi
736:Doris Matsui
652:Doug LaMalfa
636:
627:
621:Alex Padilla
605:
520:
513:
430:
421:
409:
387:Eloise Reyes
365:
358:
308:
303:State Senate
301:
270:Ricardo Lara
202:Gavin Newsom
197:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
4384:Territories
4230:Mississippi
4145:Connecticut
4038:Bakersfield
3998:Los Angeles
3903:Santa Clara
3883:San Joaquin
3783:Los Angeles
3602:South Coast
3467:North Coast
3412:Great Basin
3277:state parks
3230:LGBT rights
3196:legislature
3144:Environment
3132:agriculture
3122:Earthquakes
2975:ABA Journal
2895:Hansen 1998
1988:The county
1942:Prosecutors
1754:infractions
1604:Los Angeles
1524:. Although
1366:Juan Vargas
1352:Sara Jacobs
1212:Ken Calvert
1184:Mark Takano
1114:Jimmy Gomez
1058:Adam Schiff
1016:Mike Garcia
890:Zoe Lofgren
820:John Duarte
806:Barbara Lee
764:Josh Harder
680:Kevin Kiley
531:Green Party
456:Goodwin Liu
332:Toni Atkins
295:Legislature
4427:Categories
4345:Washington
4265:New Mexico
4260:New Jersey
4135:California
4028:Long Beach
4023:Sacramento
3938:Stanislaus
3908:Santa Cruz
3863:San Benito
3858:Sacramento
3622:Tri-Valley
3447:Lost Coast
3432:Lake Tahoe
3208:Healthcare
3176:Government
3057:Sacramento
3047:California
2822:In re Rose
2117:References
1922:ex officio
1905:jury trial
1786:common law
1608:Sacramento
1578:, and the
1497:, and the
1324:Mike Levin
1282:Lou Correa
918:Vince Fong
862:Anna Eshoo
350:Scott Wilk
79:newspapers
4355:Wisconsin
4320:Tennessee
4225:Minnesota
4200:Louisiana
4003:San Diego
3893:San Mateo
3873:San Diego
3853:Riverside
3803:Mendocino
3733:El Dorado
3728:Del Norte
3713:Calaveras
3260:elections
3186:districts
3149:Geography
3139:Education
3090:languages
3060:(capital)
2988:0747-0088
2982:: 68–72.
2837:See also
2410:19 August
2389:§ 68511.8
2193:19 August
2165:19 August
1956:Attorneys
1865:Rose Bird
1821:Personnel
1794:decisions
1727:with the
1670:San Diego
1198:Young Kim
988:Raul Ruiz
932:Jim Costa
876:Ro Khanna
500:Elections
410:Judiciary
318:President
259:Betty Yee
226:Rob Bonta
191:Executive
4340:Virginia
4290:Oklahoma
4270:New York
4245:Nebraska
4235:Missouri
4220:Michigan
4210:Maryland
4195:Kentucky
4175:Illinois
4150:Delaware
4140:Colorado
4130:Arkansas
4008:San Jose
3963:Tuolumne
3923:Siskiyou
3823:Monterey
3798:Mariposa
3753:Imperial
3748:Humboldt
3685:Counties
3250:Politics
3213:Abortion
3191:governor
2790:Archived
2737:§ 72401
2715:(2002),
2084:See also
2014:Bailiffs
1790:case law
1723:are the
1678:San Jose
1664:are the
1526:New York
1142:Ted Lieu
1030:Judy Chu
722:Ami Bera
576:Counties
472:Justice
466:Justice
460:Justice
454:Justice
448:Justice
442:Justice
360:Assembly
248:Fiona Ma
199:Governor
4360:Wyoming
4335:Vermont
4240:Montana
4180:Indiana
4160:Georgia
4155:Florida
4125:Arizona
4115:Alabama
4043:Anaheim
4033:Oakland
3968:Ventura
3953:Trinity
3693:Alameda
3327:Big Sur
3314:Regions
3289:Symbols
3220:History
3181:Capitol
3159:ecology
3154:climate
3127:Economy
3075:Culture
2934:(1974).
2743:et seq.
2739:et seq.
2623:12 July
2587:12 July
2562:12 July
2514:12 July
2377:§ 68070
2320:(1962).
2304:§ 69100
2057:History
2036:marshal
2024:sheriff
2020:bailiff
1970:lawyers
1800:in the
1477:or the
375:Speaker
93:scholar
4295:Oregon
4250:Nevada
4190:Kansas
4165:Hawaii
4120:Alaska
4108:States
4018:Fresno
3990:cities
3958:Tulare
3948:Tehama
3943:Sutter
3933:Sonoma
3928:Solano
3918:Sierra
3913:Shasta
3848:Plumas
3843:Placer
3838:Orange
3833:Nevada
3808:Merced
3788:Madera
3778:Lassen
3738:Fresno
3718:Colusa
3703:Amador
3698:Alpine
3267:People
3100:sports
3067:Topics
2986:
2957:
2030:, and
2005:Clerks
1899:Jurors
1826:Judges
1674:Fresno
1540:Courts
1522:judges
1368: (
1354: (
1340: (
1326: (
1312: (
1298: (
1284: (
1270: (
1256: (
1242: (
1228: (
1214: (
1200: (
1186: (
1172: (
1158: (
1144: (
1130: (
1116: (
1102: (
1088: (
1074: (
1060: (
1046: (
1032: (
1018: (
1004: (
990: (
976: (
962: (
948: (
934: (
920: (
906: (
892: (
878: (
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