468:
lesser extent sown fields, selecting unirrigated legumes and barley fields. The species is monogamous and lays eggs from early April to July. The nest is made from grass stems and small leaves, lined with softer material and built in a shallow depression on the ground, often under a tussock. Clutches are usually three to six eggs (de Juana and Suárez 2004). Its diet is seasonal, feeding mostly on insects in the summers and seeds and grass shoots in the winter. Mediterranean populations are resident, forming large flocks in the autumn and winter (Snow and
Perrins 1998, de Juana and Suárez 2004). Eastern populations are migratory or partially migratory (de Juana and Suárez 2004).
227:
197:
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This species occupies open plains, from steppes and pastures to extensive dry cereal cultivations and true steppe with dense grass cover. In the
Mediterranean Basin it is mainly found in dry pastures and dry cultivations. In cultivated areas, it prefers fallows, long-fallows and field edges and to a
415:, 17.5–20 cm long. It is an undistinguished-looking species on the ground, mainly streaked greyish brown above and white below, and with large black patches on the breast sides. It has a white supercilium.
418:
In flight it shows short broad wings, which are dark below, and a short white-edged tail. The wing and tail patterns are distinctions from its more easterly relatives.
716:(Phthiraptera, Ricinidae) deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, with description of a new species"
883:
1117:
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388:: Originally described as a subspecies of the bimaculated lark. Found from eastern Syria and south-eastern Turkey to south-western Iran
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being laid. Food is seeds supplemented with insects in the breeding season. It is gregarious outside the breeding season.
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354:: Found in southern Europe and north-western Africa to Turkey (except south-central and south-eastern Turkey),
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The song is considered so musical to human ears that the calandra lark was formerly a popular
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402:: Found from south-central Turkey and north-western Syria to Israel and western Jordan
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Ageing and sexing (PDF; 2.0 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
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It is mainly resident in the west of its range, but
Russian populations of this
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a term used by ancient writers for a now unknown bird, but here confused with
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375:: Found from northern Iraq and northern Iran to Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan
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853:. Translated by Applebaum. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 214–215.
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Valan, Miroslav; Sychra, Oldrich; Literak, Ivan (2016).
448:
and Egypt. It is a very rare vagrant to western Europe.
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The calandra lark was originally placed in the genus
492:
in its range. It is mentioned in, for instance, the
480:, described from specimens collected in Azerbaijan.
274:. It is replaced further east by its relative, the
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709:
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554:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22717285A87485192.en
421:The song is like a slower version of that of the
1254:
444:, moving further south in winter, as far as the
502:, he or she sings like a lark, and the Spanish
323:is also sometimes termed as the calandra lark.
703:
603:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 84, 247.
311:, "lark". "Calandra"' derives ultimately from
601:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
471:Parasites of the calandra lark include the
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451:This is a bird of open cultivation and
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455:. Its nest is on the ground, with 4–5
893:
892:
1084:4d4cc243-d876-430d-9f1a-1082befb96be
659:"Melanocorypha bimaculata - Avibase"
645:participating institution membership
1263:IUCN Red List least concern species
540:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
617:
592:
576:"Melanocorypha calandra - Avibase"
14:
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877:
763:
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529:BirdLife International (2016).
810:
771:
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790:Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
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820:Raccolta di proverbi toscani
687:IOC World Bird List Datasets
7:
1298:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
10:
1314:
792:. Firefly Books. pp.
292:. The current genus name,
901:
817:Giusti, Giuseppe (1853).
683:"IOC World Bird List 6.4"
632:Oxford English Dictionary
599:Jobling, James A (2010).
500:"Canta come una calandra"
210:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1273:Birds of Southern Europe
732:10.1051/parasite/2016007
547:: e.T22717285A87485192.
507:"Romance del prisionero"
429:Distribution and habitat
411:This is a large, robust
319:name for this bird. The
282:Taxonomy and systematics
1293:Birds described in 1766
823:. F. Monnier. pp.
712:"Chewing lice of genus
637:Oxford University Press
232:Melanocorypha calandra
1240:Melanocorypha-calandra
947:Melanocorypha_calandra
933:Melanocorypha calandra
903:Melanocorypha calandra
778:Kikkawa, Jiro (2003).
533:Melanocorypha calandra
400:Meinertzhagen, R, 1920
358:and north-western Iran
262:and eastwards through
252:European calandra-lark
247:Melanocorypha calandra
237:
179:Melanocorypha calandra
1288:Birds of Central Asia
1278:Birds of North Africa
1209:Paleobiology Database
847:Stanley, ed. (2004).
463:Behaviour and ecology
362:Eastern calandra lark
340:Western calandra lark
229:
1079:Fauna Europaea (new)
786:Perrins, Christopher
392:Levant calandra lark
835:canta una calandra.
696:10.14344/ioc.ml.6.4
663:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
635:(Online ed.).
580:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
256:temperate countries
217:Linnaeus, 1766
40:Conservation status
1283:Birds of West Asia
238:
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1196:Open Tree of Life
895:Taxon identifiers
643:(Subscription or
610:978-1-4081-2501-4
446:Arabian Peninsula
401:
387:
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366:M. c. psammochroa
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335:are recognized:
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321:bimaculated lark
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161:M. calandra
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303:, "black", and
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254:breeds in warm
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214:Alauda calandra
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1066:Fauna Europaea
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396:M. c. hebraica
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344:M. c. calandra
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266:into northern
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294:Melanocorypha
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270:and southern
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260:Mediterranean
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170:Binomial name
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148:Melanocorypha
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55:Least Concern
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864:. Retrieved
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828:. Retrieved
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1105:iNaturalist
927:Wikispecies
560:12 November
407:Description
258:around the
1257:Categories
1235:Xeno-canto
866:2008-06-21
830:2008-06-21
668:2016-12-14
647:required.)
626:"Calandra"
585:2016-12-15
513:References
484:In culture
379:M. c. gaza
333:subspecies
327:Subspecies
740:1776-1042
442:migratory
440:are more
435:passerine
313:kalandros
155:Species:
137:Alaudidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1149:22717285
1123:10211316
983:22717285
978:BirdLife
967:BioLib:
912:Wikidata
758:26902646
720:Parasite
490:cagebird
350:Linnaeus
305:koruphos
296:is from
230:Eggs of
205:Synonyms
187:Linnaeus
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1097:2490613
1032:callar1
1006:callar1
955:Avibase
918:Q470853
794:578–583
788:(ed.).
781:"Larks"
749:4763114
714:Ricinus
497:proverb
423:skylark
371:Hartert
352:, 1766)
309:korudos
189:, 1766)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1214:368972
1201:110605
1175:589660
1136:561038
1053:EURING
857:
800:
756:
746:
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504:ballad
494:Tuscan
453:steppe
386:, 1919
373:, 1904
289:Alauda
272:Russia
264:Turkey
1227:10257
1118:IRMNG
1071:97389
1040:EUNIS
1027:eBird
1019:3Z8CW
1003:BOW:
996:11560
784:. In
726:: 7.
641:
331:Four
301:melas
250:) or
1188:1533
1170:NCBI
1144:IUCN
1131:ITIS
1110:7367
1092:GBIF
1058:9610
1045:1136
991:BOLD
970:8817
855:ISBN
798:ISBN
754:PMID
736:ISSN
605:ISBN
562:2021
545:2016
457:eggs
438:bird
413:lark
398:) -
368:) -
346:) -
315:the
268:Iran
240:The
235:MHNT
117:Aves
1222:TSA
1157:NBN
1014:CoL
942:ADW
825:364
744:PMC
728:doi
691:doi
549:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
