480:
636:
569:
330:
609:
54:
471:". This grandiose title was "unprecedented in the management of Roman client-king relationships" and could be seen as "threatening the 'greatness' of the Roman people". Antony also declared Caesarion to be Caesar's true son and heir. This declaration was a direct threat to Octavian (whose claim to power was based on his status as Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son). These proclamations partly caused the fatal breach in Antony's relations with Octavian, who used Roman resentment over the Donations to gain support for war against Antony and Cleopatra.
7217:
321:
568:
380:. While he was said to have inherited Caesar's looks and manner, Caesar did not officially acknowledge him. All accusations of bastardy against Caesarion were cast from a Roman perspective; their intention was not to portray Caesarion as inappropriate for the throne of Egypt, but rather to deny that he was Julius' heir by Roman law. One of Caesar's supporters,
407:
on 15 March 44 BC, Cleopatra and
Caesarion returned to Egypt. Caesarion was named co-ruler by his mother on 2 September 44 BC at the age of three, although he was pharaoh in name only, with Cleopatra keeping actual authority. Cleopatra compared her relationship to her son with that of the
635:
544:
Octavian may have temporarily considered permitting
Caesarion to succeed his mother and rule Egypt (though now a smaller and weaker kingdom), however, he is supposed to have had Caesarion executed in Alexandria on 29 August 30 BC, following the advice of his companion
528:
Caesarion, who was said to be
Cleopatra's son by Julius Caesar, was sent by his mother, with much treasure, into India, by way of Ethiopia. There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, persuaded him to go back, on the ground that Caesar invited him to take the
329:
503:
in 31 BC, Cleopatra seems to have groomed
Caesarion to take over as "sole ruler without his mother". She may have intended to go into exile, perhaps with Antony, who may have hoped that he would be allowed to retire as
654:
Few images of
Caesarion survive. He is thought to be depicted in a partial statue found in the harbour of Alexandria in 1997 and is also portrayed twice in relief, as an adult pharaoh, with his mother on the Temple of
384:, even wrote a pamphlet which attempted to prove that Caesar could not have fathered Caesarion. Nevertheless, Caesar may have allowed Caesarion to use his name. The matter became contentious when Caesar's adopted son,
608:
1275:, University of Exeter Press, 2003, p. 305. The original line was "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκοιρανίη" ("ouk agathon polukoiranie"): "too many leaders are not good", or "the rule of many is a bad thing". (Homer's
479:
508:
had. Caesarion reappears in the historical record in 30 BC, when
Octavian invaded Egypt and searched for him. Cleopatra may have sent Caesarion, 17 years old at the time, to the
443:). Octavian gave public approval to the Donations of Antioch in 36 BC, which have been described as an Antonian strategy to rule the East making use of Cleopatra's unique royal
53:
1312:. The owner of the House at Pompeii of Marcus Fabius Rufus, walled off the room with this painting, most likely in immediate reaction to the execution of Caesarion on orders of
537:
on 1 August 30 BC, the date that marks the official annexation of Egypt to the Roman
Republic. Around this time Mark Antony and Cleopatra died, traditionally said to be by
1463:
6818:
832:
765:
in 30 BC and hence the office of pharaoh ceased to exist. However, due to the pharaoh's central position in
Egyptian religion, the local people recognized
6488:
737:
2528:
419:
There is no historical record of
Caesarion between 44 BC until the Donations of Antioch in 36 BC. Two years later he also appears at the
7299:
2785:
1592:
557:. The year 30 BC was considered the first year of the new ruler's reign according to the traditional chronological system of Egypt.
7309:
908:
7279:
6503:
6498:
369:
gave him the royal names Theos
Philopator Philometor (lit. 'father-loving, mother-loving God') and insisted that he was the son of
891:
7092:
6848:
6700:
6574:
6478:
6473:
1304:
The wall-painting of Venus Genetrix is similar in appearance to the now-lost statue of Cleopatra erected by Julius Caesar in the
436:
7294:
6597:
6483:
370:
1083:
Rolf Strootman (2010). "Queen of Kings: Cleopatra VII and the Donations of Alexandria". In M. Facella; T. Kaizer (eds.).
7107:
6463:
1414:
1256:
1226:
947:
874:
455:
In 34 BC, Antony granted further eastern lands and titles to Caesarion and his own three children with Cleopatra in the
352:
1358:
7319:
7135:
6493:
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6634:
6458:
4238:
4026:
1246:
7274:
7254:
6447:
5208:
4924:
3792:
3052:
3026:
1494:
1341:
1199:
505:
524:
does say that Caesarion was sent to India, but also that he was lured back by false promises of the kingdom of Egypt:
7304:
6937:
1154:
7259:
6513:
1585:
7314:
5700:
129:
937:
7269:
7102:
6624:
5750:
5477:
5333:
2709:
2601:
1472:
2790:
1430:
1216:
6758:
6046:
5836:
5768:
5633:
5500:
5410:
5223:
3341:
2850:
2836:
2704:
2689:
1844:
1175:
280:
from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 12 August 30 BC, then as sole ruler until his death was ordered by
6893:
5618:
5555:
4838:
2994:
2699:
2684:
2659:
2636:
2616:
7191:
6943:
6886:
6773:
6567:
5979:
5088:
5000:
4485:
4262:
4253:
2898:
2883:
2694:
2679:
2664:
2649:
2606:
2578:
1789:
1578:
849:
553:). Surviving information on the death of Caesarion is scarce. Octavian then assumed absolute control of
7289:
7284:
7097:
7066:
7050:
6778:
5808:
5141:
4878:
4705:
4637:
3219:
2714:
2669:
2644:
2621:
2591:
2412:
1044:
7127:
7040:
6979:
6642:
6329:
4100:
2626:
2611:
2514:
2471:
2297:
2050:
1694:
1544:
404:
7045:
6974:
6670:
4174:
3945:
3807:
2941:
2873:
2859:
2854:
2845:
2831:
2817:
2807:
2674:
2596:
2524:
2509:
2476:
2466:
2342:
2055:
1537:
1305:
517:
6014:
5929:
5906:
4223:
4085:
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3811:
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3427:
2921:
2888:
2841:
2827:
2719:
2586:
2533:
2499:
2491:
2440:
2435:
2121:
1945:
1824:
1758:
1666:
1633:
722:
671:
In addition to his Greek name and nicknames, Caesarion also had a full set of royal names in the
456:
420:
59:
7222:
7155:
6906:
6872:
6835:
6560:
6518:
6508:
6056:
6035:
5954:
4868:
4728:
4338:
3972:
3932:
3726:
3668:
3552:
3356:
3019:
2956:
2822:
2654:
2543:
2538:
2504:
2461:
2430:
2302:
2227:
2164:
2141:
2060:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2015:
1955:
1950:
1935:
1804:
1709:
1699:
1661:
1562:
837:
339:
1406:
1400:
599:
7249:
7244:
6735:
6685:
6612:
6528:
6004:
5969:
5949:
5939:
5901:
4501:
4405:
3759:
2982:
2977:
2961:
2931:
2797:
2563:
2519:
2456:
2252:
2242:
2189:
2184:
2040:
2020:
2010:
2005:
1990:
1980:
1940:
1819:
1814:
1794:
1784:
1768:
1763:
1628:
513:
7196:
6725:
6705:
6617:
6523:
6029:
5984:
5357:
4985:
4920:
4773:
4768:
4475:
4470:
4323:
3749:
3537:
3416:
2967:
2946:
2749:
2568:
2420:
1995:
1975:
1892:
1882:
1849:
1799:
1704:
1676:
1656:
1618:
773:
as pharaohs for the sake of continuity; no emperor ever bore or recognized the title. See
8:
6763:
6748:
6690:
6680:
6675:
6019:
5994:
5959:
5896:
5271:
5246:
4450:
4445:
3869:
3300:
2916:
2868:
2863:
2754:
2558:
2451:
2445:
2307:
2025:
1960:
1902:
1829:
1809:
1773:
1719:
1714:
1623:
487:, early 1st century AD, most likely depicting Cleopatra VII, wearing her royal
432:
344:
88:
7264:
7000:
6743:
6715:
6695:
6665:
6660:
6309:
6296:
5873:
4883:
4455:
4430:
3497:
3272:
2936:
2367:
2219:
1930:
1920:
1887:
1724:
1643:
1601:
1378:
1067:
1013:
1005:
732:
492:
1087:. Occidens et Oriens. Vol. 19. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 139–158.
399:. Cleopatra hoped that her son would eventually succeed his father as the head of the
7145:
6995:
6854:
6800:
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6602:
6364:
6343:
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6204:
5916:
5251:
4873:
4753:
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4303:
3961:
3764:
3754:
3686:
3012:
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2951:
2906:
2553:
2481:
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1965:
1925:
1740:
1686:
1671:
1513:
1468:
1410:
1337:
1317:
1252:
1222:
1195:
1150:
1017:
943:
870:
672:
583:
554:
423:. Cleopatra and Antony staged both "Donations" to donate lands dominated by Rome and
362:
304:
194:
168:
80:
31:
1382:
7140:
6930:
6795:
6753:
6720:
6543:
6370:
6198:
5964:
5718:
5301:
4598:
4494:
4435:
3859:
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2729:
2548:
2199:
2083:
1985:
1778:
1753:
1370:
997:
742:
500:
428:
208:
24:
7201:
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6805:
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6315:
6285:
6244:
6180:
5924:
5854:
5724:
5063:
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3472:
3440:
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2425:
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1970:
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1748:
1498:
1331:
1309:
1144:
864:
595:
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273:
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1316:
in 30 BC, when artistic depictions of Caesarion would have been considered
7160:
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6170:
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5844:
5713:
4797:
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4385:
4133:
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3874:
3829:
3711:
3706:
3286:
3265:
3231:
2802:
2372:
2312:
2000:
1610:
1432:
BMC Greek (Ptolemies) / Catalogue of Greek coins: the Ptolemies, kings of Egypt
1396:
1273:
Myth, History and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T.P. Wiseman
806:
790:
646:
619:
400:
396:
374:
255:
235:
1374:
1001:
300:
7238:
6583:
6090:
5989:
5821:
5791:
5467:
5322:
5179:
5048:
4888:
4863:
4813:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4400:
4207:
4138:
4128:
3990:
3744:
3492:
3435:
3388:
3225:
3184:
2770:
2759:
2257:
2247:
2204:
2169:
1897:
1554:
774:
770:
591:
546:
468:
377:
296:
285:
156:
145:
109:
94:
1491:
7005:
6175:
6009:
5999:
5974:
5826:
5776:
5735:
5461:
5373:
5261:
5174:
5154:
5073:
5038:
5033:
4919:
4858:
4568:
4390:
4380:
4343:
4298:
4212:
4202:
4192:
4108:
3824:
3701:
3510:
3451:
3311:
3258:
3163:
2812:
2775:
2739:
2392:
2377:
2292:
2232:
2194:
2174:
2159:
1834:
381:
1039:
7181:
6964:
6900:
6652:
6607:
6279:
6224:
6075:
6024:
5944:
5816:
5708:
5690:
5648:
5559:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5394:
5378:
5351:
5316:
5306:
5241:
5194:
5184:
5169:
5159:
5106:
5068:
5043:
5023:
5013:
4779:
4763:
4738:
4733:
4533:
4460:
4370:
4353:
4308:
4283:
4217:
4197:
4182:
4164:
3894:
3889:
3696:
3523:
3503:
3317:
3251:
3242:
3126:
2352:
2347:
2287:
2272:
2209:
2154:
2131:
2126:
2101:
1839:
762:
627:
464:
460:
440:
184:
105:
1009:
985:
7176:
7010:
6842:
6396:
6350:
6303:
6258:
6230:
6051:
5934:
5859:
5786:
5675:
5490:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5400:
5388:
5368:
5341:
5311:
5291:
5236:
5189:
5164:
5096:
5058:
5028:
5018:
4758:
4558:
4548:
4318:
4313:
4278:
4187:
4159:
3980:
3884:
3879:
3864:
3849:
3657:
3651:
3565:
3293:
3111:
3048:
2911:
2878:
2744:
2402:
2262:
2149:
2116:
2078:
2070:
727:
534:
180:
7186:
7150:
6336:
6251:
6214:
6140:
6134:
6041:
5758:
5740:
5685:
5665:
5528:
5363:
5346:
5296:
5149:
5116:
5111:
5053:
4852:
4673:
4626:
4578:
4538:
4515:
4288:
4154:
4123:
3777:
3691:
3517:
3398:
3135:
2780:
2764:
2397:
2387:
2362:
2332:
2237:
2179:
2111:
2106:
1854:
1729:
1651:
1570:
642:
366:
292:
277:
7076:
7035:
6879:
6710:
6406:
6401:
6390:
6357:
6272:
6265:
6219:
6191:
6185:
6150:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
5730:
5670:
5513:
5485:
5078:
5008:
4820:
4806:
4786:
4748:
4660:
4605:
4563:
4395:
4365:
4328:
4273:
4118:
3995:
3900:
3844:
3739:
3646:
3640:
3629:
3595:
3479:
3465:
3458:
3445:
3409:
3149:
2357:
2282:
2267:
1313:
766:
521:
444:
391:
Caesarion spent two of his infant years, from 46 to 44 BC, in
385:
348:
320:
281:
119:
76:
1176:
Plutarch's Lives: With an English Translation by Bernadotte Perrin
6383:
6322:
6165:
5849:
5660:
5654:
5642:
5523:
5518:
5455:
5434:
5279:
5231:
5131:
5121:
4846:
4743:
4713:
4695:
4684:
4667:
4619:
4612:
4543:
4465:
4113:
3921:
3907:
3819:
3770:
3676:
3619:
3570:
3403:
3393:
3373:
3306:
3156:
3035:
2926:
2322:
660:
579:
538:
509:
495:, while Caesarion, also wearing a royal diadem, stands behind her
484:
424:
269:
68:
6552:
3047:
6290:
6160:
5797:
5680:
5285:
5256:
5126:
5101:
4893:
4827:
4653:
4646:
4573:
4528:
4522:
4348:
4268:
3854:
3681:
3634:
3588:
3560:
3486:
3364:
3323:
3205:
3170:
3142:
2337:
656:
488:
863:
Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (2012).
663:. His infant image appears on some bronze coins of Cleopatra.
549:, who said "Too many Caesars is not good" (a pun on a line in
6376:
6155:
6145:
6123:
5781:
4690:
4678:
4591:
4508:
4359:
4293:
3955:
3624:
3582:
3576:
3368:
3327:
3198:
3191:
3177:
1295:
ie"). "Καισαρ" (Caesar) replacing "κοίρανος", meaning leader.
615:
587:
550:
413:
395:, where he and his mother were Caesar's guests at his villa,
263:
245:
239:
223:
1279:, Book II. vers 204–205) In Greek "ουκ αγαθόν πολυ
439:(the last three were his maternal half-siblings fathered by
6128:
6118:
5508:
5383:
4584:
3914:
3734:
3716:
3601:
3383:
3378:
3212:
3004:
709:
689:
623:
409:
392:
226:
1218:
Cleopatra's Daughter: From Roman Prisoner to African Queen
939:
Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Dynasties
862:
217:
4333:
351:
of Cleopatra and Caesarion, Egypt, Ptolemaic Period, the
5554:
699:
516:
for safety, possibly as part of plans for an escape to
1192:
The Murder of Cleopatra: History's Greatest Cold Case
1149:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 178–179.
499:
After the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the
93:
2 September 44 BC – late August 30 BC with
220:
214:
971:, Oxford University Press US, 2010, pp. 70–73
211:
1085:Kingdoms and Principalities in the Roman Near East
1065:
1501:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
7236:
1402:Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend
1336:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 175.
1329:
1142:
893:Cleopatra of Egypt, Antiquity's Queen of Romance
338:Left: reliefs of Cleopatra and Caesarion at the
58:Granite head attributed to Caesarion, hosted in
16:Last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 44 to 30 BC
979:
977:
618:behind a smaller depiction of Caesarion at the
1112:
1097:
1082:
427:to Cleopatra's children: Caesarion, the twins
250:; 23 June 47 BC – 29 August 30 BC), nicknamed
6568:
3020:
1586:
1407:219, image plates and caption between 246–247
1356:
974:
1132:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 29.
299:, after whom he was named. He was the last
6575:
6561:
3027:
3013:
1593:
1579:
1173:. As found in the Loeb Classical Library,
1117:. US: Oxford University Press. p. 58.
1102:. US: Oxford University Press. p. 58.
910:Cleopatra: goddess of Egypt, enemy of Rome
795:Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ
787:Ptolemy Caesar Theos Philopator Philometor
52:
1251:. Classical Press of Wales. p. 194.
1189:
963:
961:
959:
942:. Classical Press of Wales. p. 102.
6437:
1395:
1214:
1127:
1115:Studies in Classical History and Society
1100:Studies in Classical History and Society
983:
889:
478:
6819:Planned invasion of the Parthian Empire
1460:
1454:
1428:
1287:ie") is a variation on "ουκ αγαθόν πολυ
7237:
5584:
4949:
4051:
3077:
1600:
1244:
956:
906:
7300:People executed by the Roman Republic
6556:
6436:
5553:
4918:
4020:
3046:
3008:
2525:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
1574:
1240:
1238:
935:
645:with her son Caesarion as an infant,
614:One of two statues of the falcon god
602:, with her son Caesarion as the cupid
388:, came into conflict with Cleopatra.
353:Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
295:and the only known biological son of
7136:Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
6089:
2993:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
1363:Papers of the British School at Rome
1248:Hindsight in Greek and Roman History
1194:. Prometheus Books. pp. 15–18.
1072:. New York: Basic Books. p. 64.
541:, though murder has been suggested.
1429:Stuart, Reginald; L, Poole (1883).
13:
1235:
1066:Tyldesley, Joyce A, Joyce (2008).
574:This mid-1st century AD
365:on 23 June 47 BC. His mother
14:
7331:
7310:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty
6938:Ut est rerum omnium magister usus
6582:
1485:
666:
459:. Caesarion was proclaimed to be
268:, "Little Caesar"), was the last
7280:Executed ancient Egyptian people
7216:
7215:
1445:
1128:Burstein, Stanley Mayer (2007).
1037:
984:Gray-Fow, Michael (April 2014).
634:
607:
567:
447:lineage in the regions donated.
343:Right: a limestone stela of the
328:
319:
291:Caesarion was the eldest son of
207:
1439:
1422:
1389:
1350:
1323:
1298:
1265:
1208:
1183:
1163:
1136:
1121:
1106:
1091:
1076:
1059:
1031:
929:
866:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
1069:Cleopatra: last queen of Egypt
917:
900:
883:
856:
842:
826:
800:
779:
755:
590:is most likely a depiction of
533:Octavian captured the city of
178:29 August 30 BC (aged 17)
1:
7295:Missing person cases in Egypt
6047:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
2997:in most of their territories.
1795:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
1405:, New York: Harper, pp.
819:
682:– "Heir of the god who saves"
560:
403:, as well as of Egypt. After
310:
7093:Gaius Julius Caesar (father)
6894:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
3034:
1448:Greek Coins and Their Values
1435:. The Trustees. p. 122.
869:. OUP Oxford. p. 1236.
698:– "Carrying out the rule of
284:(who would become the first
264:
246:
97:(until 12 August 30 BC)
7:
7320:People of the War of Actium
6887:Commentarii de Bello Civili
5980:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1790:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
986:"What to Do With Caesarion"
926:1996 by Green Robert p. 24
850:Oxford Classical Dictionary
763:annexed by the Roman Empire
716:
702:" or "Sun of righteousness"
361:Ptolemy Caesar was born in
276:, reigning with his mother
47:Theos Philopator Philometor
10:
7336:
4879:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
4263:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
4027:Second Intermediate Period
1045:World History Encyclopedia
761:The Ptolemaic Kingdom was
450:
240:
29:
18:
7275:Children of Julius Caesar
7255:1st-century BC executions
7210:
7169:
7120:
7085:
7059:
7028:
7019:
6988:
6952:
6915:
6864:
6827:
6734:
6651:
6633:
6590:
6541:
6443:
6432:
6330:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
6074:
6020:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
5915:
5887:
5872:
5835:
5807:
5767:
5749:
5699:
5632:
5617:
5575:
5571:
5549:
5499:
5476:
5409:
5332:
5270:
5222:
5207:
5140:
5087:
4999:
4984:
4940:
4936:
4925:Third Intermediate Period
4914:
4837:
4796:
4704:
4636:
4484:
4252:
4237:
4173:
4147:
4099:
4084:
4042:
4038:
4016:
3971:
3931:
3806:
3791:
3725:
3667:
3610:
3551:
3536:
3426:
3355:
3340:
3241:
3125:
3110:
3068:
3064:
3053:First Intermediate Period
3042:
2991:
2897:
2728:
2635:
2577:
2490:
2411:
2218:
2140:
2092:
2069:
1911:
1868:
1739:
1695:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
1685:
1642:
1609:
1542:
1534:
1507:
1464:Chronicle of the Pharaohs
1375:10.1017/S0068246200000404
1330:Roller, Duane W. (2010).
1143:Roller, Duane W. (2010).
1002:10.1017/S0017383513000235
890:Sergeant, Philip (2024).
810:
794:
259:
190:
174:
162:
152:
141:
126:
115:
101:
87:
74:
67:
62:Antiquities Museum, Egypt
51:
46:
41:
7305:People murdered in Egypt
6975:Temple of Venus Genetrix
6042:Cleopatra VII Philopator
4299:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
3057: (<3150–2040 BC)
2056:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
1855:Cleopatra VII Philopator
1538:Cleopatra VII Philopator
1306:Temple of Venus Genetrix
1221:. Liveright Publishing.
811:Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ
748:
738:List of unsolved murders
474:
30:Not to be confused with
7260:1st-century BC pharaohs
6015:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
5930:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
4224:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
2853:'s attempted rule with
2534:Mithridates V Euergetes
1946:Antiochus III the Great
1759:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
1700:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
1624:Alexander III the Great
1461:Clayton, Peter (1994).
1359:"Cleopatra in Pompeii?"
1215:Draycott, Jane (2023).
1113:Meyer Reinhold (2002).
1098:Meyer Reinhold (2002).
723:Caesareum of Alexandria
457:Donations of Alexandria
421:Donations of Alexandria
60:Bibliotheca Alexandrina
7315:Sons of queens regnant
7156:Julio-Claudian dynasty
6980:Caesar's Rhine bridges
6907:Poems by Julius Caesar
6873:Laudatio Iuliae amitae
6849:Constitutional reforms
6836:Lex Julia de maiestate
6057:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
6036:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
6030:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
5985:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
5955:Arsinoe III Philopator
4869:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
4339:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
4279:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
3870:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
2637:Monarchs of Cappadocia
2539:Mithridates VI Eupator
2061:Philip II Philoromaeus
2046:Antiochus XII Dionysus
2036:Demetrius III Eucaerus
2031:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
2016:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
1956:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
1951:Seleucus IV Philopator
1936:Seleucus II Callinicus
1835:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
1710:Demetrius II Aetolicus
1497:4 October 2018 at the
1357:Walker, Susan (2008).
1333:Cleopatra: A Biography
1320:for the ruling regime.
1291:ίη" ("ouk agathon polu
1283:ίη" ("ouk agathon polu
1245:Powell, Anton (2013).
1146:Cleopatra: A Biography
1130:The Reign of Cleopatra
969:Cleopatra: A Biography
936:Ogden, Daniel (2023).
907:Brooks, Polly (1995).
531:
496:
491:, taking poison in an
405:Caesar's assassination
7270:Children of Cleopatra
6598:Early life and career
6005:Ptolemy X Alexander I
5970:Ptolemy VI Philometor
5950:Ptolemy IV Philopator
5945:Berenice II Euergetes
5940:Ptolemy III Euergetes
5902:Philip III Arrhidaeus
4411:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
4406:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
3760:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
2579:Monarchs of Commagene
2500:Mithridates I Ctistes
2041:Philip I Philadelphus
2021:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
2011:Antiochus VIII Grypus
2006:Seleucus V Philometor
1991:Antiochus VII Sidetes
1981:Antiochus VI Dionysus
1941:Seleucus III Ceraunus
1840:Berenice IV Epiphanea
1785:Ptolemy VI Philometor
1769:Ptolemy IV Philopator
1764:Ptolemy III Euergetes
1629:Philip III Arrhidaeus
1563:Egypt annexed by Rome
853:, "Ptolemy XV Caesar"
680:Iwapanetjer entynehem
526:
482:
412:and her divine child
7197:Marcus Junius Brutus
7108:Julia Minor (sister)
7103:Julia Major (sister)
6701:Invasions of Britain
6618:Crossing the Rubicon
6438:Dynastic genealogies
6062:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
5358:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
5272:High Priests of Amun
4774:Merankhre Mentuhotep
4476:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
4471:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
4324:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
4031: (2040–1550 BC)
3750:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2413:Monarchs of Bithynia
1996:Alexander II Zabinas
1976:Demetrius II Nicator
1893:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
1860:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
1825:Ptolemy XI Alexander
1800:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
1705:Antigonus II Gonatas
1492:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
1271:David Braund et al,
483:Roman painting from
437:Ptolemy Philadelphus
7036:Cossutia (disputed)
5960:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
5897:Alexander the Great
4929: (1550–664 BC)
4451:Mershepsesre Ini II
4446:Merkawre Sobekhotep
3840:Neferkare IV Khendu
2995:Hellenistic satraps
2026:Antiochus X Eusebes
1961:Antiochus V Eupator
1903:Cleopatra Selene II
1830:Ptolemy XII Auletes
1815:Ptolemy X Alexander
1810:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
1774:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
1715:Antigonus III Doson
769:and all subsequent
708:– "Living image of
576:Roman wall painting
433:Cleopatra Selene II
345:High Priest of Ptah
122:(As Roman Emperor)'
7077:Augustus (adopted)
7001:Chiaramonti Caesar
6779:Battle of the Nile
6635:Military campaigns
6613:Caesar's civil war
6297:Trebonianus Gallus
4884:Senakhtenre Ahmose
4502:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
4456:Sewahenre Senebmiu
4431:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
3860:Neferkare V Tereru
3830:Neferkare III Neby
3498:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
2899:Monarchs of Epirus
2732:Cimmerian Bosporus
2492:Monarchs of Pontus
2051:Cleopatra Selene I
1931:Antiochus II Theos
1921:Seleucus I Nicator
1888:Demetrius the Fair
1870:Monarchs of Cyrene
1369:: 35–46, 345–348.
1190:Pat Brown (2013).
733:Reign of Cleopatra
497:
166:23 June 47 BC
7290:Executed monarchs
7285:Executed children
7232:
7231:
7116:
7115:
6996:Tusculum portrait
6855:Dictator perpetuo
6814:
6813:
6706:Ambiorix's revolt
6603:First Triumvirate
6591:Major life events
6550:
6549:
6537:
6536:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6344:Claudius Gothicus
6238:Severus Alexander
6205:Septimius Severus
6070:
6069:
5868:
5867:
5613:
5612:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5252:Osorkon the Elder
5203:
5202:
4980:
4979:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4874:Nubkheperre Intef
4754:Sekhemre Shedwast
4376:Sehetepkare Intef
4304:Semenkare Nebnuni
4233:
4232:
4080:
4079:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3787:
3786:
3765:Netjerkare Siptah
3687:Neferirkare Kakai
3532:
3531:
3336:
3335:
3106:
3105:
3002:
3001:
2482:Socrates Chrestus
1971:Alexander I Balas
1966:Demetrius I Soter
1926:Antiochus I Soter
1672:Antipater Etesias
1569:
1568:
1514:Ptolemaic dynasty
1416:978-0-06-058558-7
1318:a sensitive issue
1258:978-1-910589-12-0
1228:978-1-324-09260-5
1180:Volume 9. p. 321.
992:. Second Series.
990:Greece & Rome
967:Duane W. Roller,
949:978-1-914535-40-6
876:978-0-19-954556-8
785:Later full name:
673:Egyptian language
641:A coin depicting
582:, Italy, showing
408:Egyptian goddess
340:Temple of Dendera
305:Ptolemaic dynasty
247:Ptolemaios Kaisar
241:Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ
203:Ptolemy XV Caesar
200:
199:
195:Ptolemaic dynasty
169:Ptolemaic Kingdom
135:
81:Ptolemaic Kingdom
32:Caesarean section
7327:
7219:
7218:
7141:Temple of Caesar
7098:Aurelia (mother)
7026:
7025:
6931:Veni, vidi, vici
6649:
6648:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6554:
6553:
6544:List of pharaohs
6434:
6433:
6199:Pescennius Niger
6087:
6086:
6083:
6082:
5995:Ptolemy IX Soter
5965:Cleopatra I Syra
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5582:
5581:
5573:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5551:
5550:
5302:Djedkhonsuefankh
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4967:
4962:
4947:
4946:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4916:
4915:
4509:Qareh Khawoserre
4495:Yakbim Sekhaenre
4436:Mersekhemre Ined
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4018:
4017:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3044:
3043:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3006:
3005:
2794:
2710:Ariobarzanes III
2084:Ptolemy Epigonos
1986:Diodotus Tryphon
1779:Cleopatra I Syra
1754:Ptolemy Keraunos
1595:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1545:Pharaoh of Egypt
1535:Preceded by
1530:
1523:
1505:
1504:
1479:
1478:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1327:
1321:
1302:
1296:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1187:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
981:
972:
965:
954:
953:
933:
927:
921:
915:
914:
904:
898:
897:
887:
881:
880:
860:
854:
846:
840:
830:
813:
812:
804:
798:
796:
783:
777:
759:
743:Kaisarion (poem)
638:
611:
571:
501:Battle of Actium
429:Alexander Helios
371:Roman politician
332:
323:
267:
261:
249:
243:
242:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
134:
56:
39:
38:
25:Caesarion (Rome)
7335:
7334:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7228:
7206:
7202:Curia of Pompey
7165:
7112:
7081:
7055:
7015:
6984:
6960:Forum of Caesar
6948:
6911:
6860:
6823:
6810:
6769:Alexandrian war
6730:
6647:
6629:
6586:
6581:
6551:
6546:
6533:
6439:
6416:
6316:Macrianus Minor
6245:Maximinus Thrax
6181:Marcus Aurelius
6080:
6079:
6078:
6066:
5925:Ptolemy I Soter
5911:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5864:
5831:
5803:
5763:
5745:
5725:Psammetichus IV
5695:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5609:
5587:
5578:
5567:
5564:(664 BC–313 AD)
5563:
5562:
5533:
5495:
5472:
5468:Menkheperre Ini
5405:
5328:
5266:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5199:
5136:
5083:
5064:Neferneferuaten
4990:
4989:
4988:
4976:
4975:
4965:
4960:
4959:Pharaohs
4952:
4943:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4898:
4833:
4792:
4719:Sobekhotep VIII
4700:
4632:
4480:
4441:Sewadjkare Hori
4243:
4242:
4241:
4229:
4169:
4143:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4076:
4054:
4045:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4000:
3967:
3927:
3835:Djedkare Shemai
3797:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3721:
3663:
3606:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3422:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3332:
3237:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3102:
3080:
3071:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3038:
3033:
3003:
2998:
2987:
2893:
2884:Mithridates III
2788:
2731:
2730:Monarchs of the
2724:
2705:Ariobarzanes II
2690:Ariarathes VIII
2631:
2617:Mithridates III
2573:
2515:Mithridates III
2486:
2407:
2214:
2142:Greco-Bactrians
2136:
2088:
2065:
1907:
1864:
1749:Ptolemy I Soter
1735:
1681:
1638:
1605:
1599:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1499:Wayback Machine
1488:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1467:. p. 213.
1459:
1455:
1450:. Vol. II.
1444:
1440:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1397:Fletcher, Joann
1394:
1390:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1310:Forum of Caesar
1303:
1299:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1188:
1184:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1107:
1096:
1092:
1081:
1077:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1038:King, Arienne.
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
982:
975:
966:
957:
950:
934:
930:
922:
918:
905:
901:
888:
884:
877:
861:
857:
847:
843:
831:
827:
822:
817:
816:
805:
801:
784:
780:
760:
756:
751:
719:
669:
650:
639:
630:
612:
603:
596:Ptolemaic Egypt
572:
563:
477:
453:
359:
358:
357:
356:
342:
335:
334:
333:
325:
324:
313:
274:Ptolemaic Egypt
210:
206:
179:
167:
137:
136:
132:
83:
63:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7333:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7211:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7161:Caesar (title)
7158:
7153:
7148:
7146:Caesar's Comet
7143:
7138:
7133:
7129:Life of Caesar
7124:
7122:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7089:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7032:
7030:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6970:Basilica Julia
6967:
6962:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6934:
6927:
6924:Alea iacta est
6919:
6917:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6876:
6868:
6866:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6851:
6846:
6839:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6740:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6657:
6655:
6646:
6645:
6639:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6587:
6580:
6579:
6572:
6565:
6557:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6412:Maximinus Daza
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6171:Antoninus Pius
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6095:
6093:
6084:
6081:(30 BC–313 AD)
6072:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5891:
5882:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5845:Artaxerxes III
5841:
5839:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5773:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5721:
5716:
5714:Petubastis III
5711:
5705:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5651:
5646:
5638:
5636:
5627:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5579:
5576:
5569:
5568:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5217:
5209:3 Intermediate
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5146:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4994:
4991:(1550–1070 BC)
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4934:
4933:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4802:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4724:Neferhotep III
4721:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4554:Sewadjkare III
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4523:Maaibre Sheshi
4519:
4516:'Ammu Ahotepre
4512:
4505:
4498:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4426:Merhotepre Ini
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:Sobekhotep III
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4258:
4256:
4247:
4244:(1802–1550 BC)
4239:2 Intermediate
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4134:Mentuhotep III
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4091:(2040–1802 BC)
4086:Middle Kingdom
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4023:Middle Kingdom
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3986:Neferkare VIII
3983:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3951:Nebkaure Khety
3948:
3943:
3941:Meryibre Khety
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:Neferkamin Anu
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3801:
3798:(2181–2040 BC)
3793:1 Intermediate
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3712:Djedkare Isesi
3709:
3707:Menkauhor Kaiu
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3543:(2686–2181 BC)
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3347:(3150–2686 BC)
3342:Early Dynastic
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3321:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3131:
3129:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3062:
3061:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Neoptolemus II
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2837:Mithridates II
2834:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2803:Paerisades III
2800:
2795:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Ariobarzanes I
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Ariarathes VII
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Ariarathes III
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Mithridates II
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2510:Mithridates II
2507:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Apollodotus II
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:Cleopatra Thea
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1771:
1766:
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1756:
1751:
1745:
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1707:
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1566:
1559:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1487:
1486:External links
1484:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1453:
1438:
1421:
1415:
1388:
1349:
1343:978-0195365535
1342:
1322:
1297:
1264:
1257:
1234:
1227:
1207:
1201:978-1616146504
1200:
1182:
1171:Life of Antony
1162:
1155:
1135:
1120:
1105:
1090:
1075:
1058:
1030:
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841:
824:
823:
821:
818:
815:
814:
799:
778:
771:Roman emperors
753:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
718:
715:
714:
713:
706:Sekhemankhamun
703:
693:
683:
668:
667:Egyptian names
665:
652:
651:
647:British museum
640:
633:
631:
620:Temple of Edfu
613:
606:
604:
600:Venus Genetrix
573:
566:
562:
559:
493:act of suicide
476:
473:
452:
449:
401:Roman Republic
397:Horti Caesaris
337:
336:
327:
326:
318:
317:
316:
315:
314:
312:
309:
303:member of the
288:as Augustus).
198:
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188:
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164:
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150:
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130:Royal titulary
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6641:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6625:Assassination
6623:
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6616:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6584:Julius Caesar
6578:
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6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6435:
6431:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:Cleopatra III
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5793:
5792:Nepherites II
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5603:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5574:
5570:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5323:Psusennes III
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5214:(1069–664 BC)
5210:
5206:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5180:Ramesses VIII
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:Amenhotep III
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4889:Seqenenre Tao
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Sobekemsaf II
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4814:Wepwawetemsaf
4811:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4421:Merneferre Ay
4419:
4417:
4416:Wahibre Ibiau
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:Sobekhotep IV
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:Amenemhat III
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4139:Mentuhotep IV
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:Mentuhotep II
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3991:Wahkare Khety
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Neferkare VII
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Seth-Peribsen
3491:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Hotepsekhemwy
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:Double Falcon
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:(pre-3150 BC)
3113:
3112:Protodynastic
3109:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3050:
3049:Protodynastic
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3007:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Neoptolemus I
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Mithridates I
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Paerisades IV
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Paerisades II
2769:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Spartokos III
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Ariarathes IX
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Ariarathes VI
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:Ariarathes IV
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Ariarathes II
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:Antiochus III
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Mithridates I
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:Nicomedes III
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Demetrius III
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:Antimachus II
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Apollodotus I
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Eucratides II
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Euthydemus II
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Ptolemy Apion
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Cleopatra III
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
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1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:Cleopatra VII
1547:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:, within the
1307:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1156:9780195365535
1152:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
978:
970:
964:
962:
960:
951:
945:
941:
940:
932:
925:
920:
913:. p. 64.
912:
911:
903:
896:. p. 94.
895:
894:
886:
878:
872:
868:
867:
859:
852:
851:
845:
839:
838:Ptolemaios 37
836:
835:
829:
825:
808:
803:
792:
788:
782:
776:
775:Roman pharaoh
772:
768:
764:
758:
754:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
711:
707:
704:
701:
697:
694:
691:
688:– "Chosen of
687:
684:
681:
678:
677:
676:
674:
664:
662:
658:
648:
644:
643:Cleopatra VII
637:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
610:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:Cleopatra VII
589:
585:
581:
577:
570:
565:
564:
558:
556:
552:
548:
547:Arius Didymus
542:
540:
536:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
494:
490:
486:
481:
472:
470:
469:King of Kings
466:
465:a son of god
462:
458:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
378:Julius Caesar
376:
372:
368:
364:
354:
350:
346:
341:
331:
322:
308:
306:
302:
298:
297:Julius Caesar
294:
289:
287:
286:Roman emperor
283:
279:
278:Cleopatra VII
275:
271:
266:
257:
253:
248:
237:
231:
204:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
177:
173:
170:
165:
161:
158:
157:Cleopatra VII
155:
151:
147:
146:Julius Caesar
144:
140:
131:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
110:Cleopatra VII
107:
104:
100:
96:
95:Cleopatra VII
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
70:
66:
61:
55:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
26:
23:episode, see
22:
7250:47 BC births
7245:30 BC deaths
7221:
7214:
7128:
7071:
7006:Green Caesar
6936:
6929:
6922:
6899:
6892:
6885:
6878:
6871:
6853:
6841:
6834:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6302:
6295:
6278:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6197:
6190:
6176:Lucius Verus
6133:
6061:
6034:
6010:Berenice III
6000:Cleopatra IV
5975:Cleopatra II
5907:Alexander IV
5827:Nectanebo II
5796:
5777:Nepherites I
5736:Artaxerxes I
5723:
5653:
5641:
5624:(664–332 BC)
5604:
5560:Roman Period
5462:Shoshenq VII
5460:
5433:
5393:
5374:Shoshenq III
5356:
5321:
5284:
5262:Psusennes II
5175:Ramesses VII
5155:Ramesses III
5039:Amenhotep II
5034:Thutmose III
4970:
4859:Sobekemsaf I
4851:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4785:
4778:
4683:
4666:
4661:'Aper-'Anati
4659:
4652:
4645:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4569:Sekheperenre
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4391:Neferhotep I
4381:Seth Meribre
4358:
4344:Djedkheperew
4261:
4222:
4213:Amenemhat IV
4203:Senusret III
4193:Amenemhat II
4109:Mentuhotep I
4071:
3960:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3825:Neferkare II
3776:
3769:
3702:Nyuserre Ini
3656:
3639:
3594:
3587:
3575:
3516:
3511:Neferkasokar
3509:
3502:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3415:
3408:
3316:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3259:Finger Snail
3257:
3250:
3230:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3097:
2957:Alexander II
2813:Paerisades V
2776:Spartokos IV
2740:Paerisades I
2715:Ariarathes X
2670:Ariarathes V
2645:Ariarathes I
2627:Antiochus IV
2612:Antiochus II
2544:Pharnaces II
2505:Ariobarzanes
2477:Nicomedes IV
2467:Nicomedes II
2393:Apollophanes
2378:Hippostratos
2293:Heliokles II
2253:Demetrius II
2233:Antimachus I
2195:Eucratides I
2190:Demetrius II
2175:Antimachus I
2160:Euthydemus I
1859:
1845:Ptolemy XIII
1820:Berenice III
1667:Antipater II
1634:Alexander IV
1561:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1431:
1424:
1401:
1391:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1332:
1325:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1247:
1217:
1210:
1191:
1185:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1084:
1078:
1068:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1043:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
993:
989:
968:
938:
931:
923:
919:
909:
902:
892:
885:
865:
858:
848:
844:
833:
828:
802:
786:
781:
757:
705:
695:
685:
679:
670:
653:
543:
532:
527:
498:
454:
418:
390:
382:Gaius Oppius
360:
347:bearing the
290:
251:
202:
201:
36:
20:
7182:Mark Antony
7131:by Plutarch
6965:Curia Julia
6901:De analogia
6828:Legislation
6759:Dyrrhachium
6726:Uxellodunum
6653:Gallic Wars
6608:Gallic wars
6280:Gordian III
6225:Diadumenian
6025:Cleopatra V
5879:(332–30 BC)
5874:Hellenistic
5817:Nectanebo I
5709:Cambyses II
5691:Psamtik III
5649:Tefnakht II
5451:Takelot III
5446:Osorkon III
5441:Shoshenq VI
5395:Pedubast II
5379:Shoshenq IV
5352:Shoshenq II
5317:Pinedjem II
5307:Menkheperre
5242:Psusennes I
5195:Ramesses XI
5185:Ramesses IX
5170:Ramesses VI
5160:Ramesses IV
5107:Ramesses II
5069:Tutankhamun
5044:Thutmose IV
5024:Thutmose II
5014:Amenhotep I
4986:New Kingdom
4921:New Kingdom
4780:Senusret IV
4764:Dedumose II
4739:Nebiriau II
4734:Nebiryraw I
4729:Mentuhotepi
4534:Khakherewre
4461:Merkheperre
4371:Imyremeshaw
4354:Sedjefakare
4309:Sehetepibre
4284:Ameny Qemau
4218:Sobekneferu
4198:Senusret II
4183:Amenemhat I
4165:Iyibkhentre
3895:Neferirkare
3890:Neferkauhor
3697:Shepseskare
3538:Old Kingdom
3524:Khasekhemwy
3504:Neferkara I
3473:Weneg-Nebty
3318:Scorpion II
2978:Pyrrhus III
2962:Olympias II
2932:Alexander I
2789: [
2786:Spartokos V
2655:Ariamnes II
2602:Antiochus I
2564:Pythodorida
2520:Pharnaces I
2441:Zipoetes II
2436:Nicomedes I
2353:Artemidoros
2348:Menander II
2288:Antialcidas
2273:Agathokleia
2228:Demetrius I
2220:Indo-Greeks
2210:Heliocles I
2165:Demetrius I
2155:Diodotus II
2132:Eumenes III
2127:Attalus III
2102:Philetaerus
2071:Lysimachids
1883:Berenice II
1850:Ptolemy XIV
1732:(pretender)
1662:Alexander V
1644:Antipatrids
1602:Hellenistic
1040:"Caesarion"
686:Setepenptah
628:Upper Egypt
441:Mark Antony
185:Roman Egypt
148:(reputedly)
106:Ptolemy XIV
102:Predecessor
7239:Categories
7177:Julia gens
7011:Arles bust
6944:Last words
6843:Lex Roscia
6749:Brundisium
6397:Diocletian
6351:Quintillus
6304:Aemilianus
6259:Gordian II
6231:Elagabalus
6052:Arsinoe IV
5935:Arsinoe II
5860:Darius III
5787:Psammuthes
5676:Psamtik II
5491:Bakenranef
5429:Pedubast I
5424:Takelot II
5419:Harsiese A
5401:Osorkon IV
5389:Shoshenq V
5369:Osorkon II
5342:Shoshenq I
5312:Smendes II
5292:Pinedjem I
5237:Amenemnisu
5190:Ramesses X
5165:Ramesses V
5117:Amenmesses
5097:Ramesses I
5059:Smenkhkare
5029:Hatshepsut
5019:Thutmose I
4769:Montuemsaf
4759:Dedumose I
4559:Nebdjefare
4549:Merdjefare
4319:Nedjemibre
4314:Sewadjkare
4188:Senusret I
4160:Qakare Ini
3981:Meryhathor
3885:Neferkaure
3880:Qakare Iby
3865:Neferkahor
3850:Neferkamin
3658:Thamphthis
3652:Shepseskaf
3566:Sekhemkhet
3417:Horus Bird
3294:Scorpion I
2968:Pyrrhus II
2947:Alcetas II
2912:Tharrhypas
2879:Gepaepyris
2851:Scribonius
2745:Satyros II
2675:Orophernes
2587:Ptolemaeus
2569:Polemon II
2462:Prusias II
2431:Zipoetes I
2403:Strato III
2328:Theophilos
2308:Philoxenus
2263:Menander I
2243:Agathocles
2185:Agathocles
2150:Diodotus I
2122:Attalus II
2117:Eumenes II
2079:Lysimachus
1687:Antigonids
1509:Caesarion
1474:0500050740
1169:Plutarch,
1023:25 October
820:References
728:Julia gens
696:Irmaatenre
586:holding a
561:Depictions
535:Alexandria
349:cartouches
311:Early life
307:of Egypt.
181:Alexandria
7265:Caesarion
7187:Cleopatra
7151:Caesarism
7072:Caesarion
7051:Calpurnia
6989:Portraits
6953:Buildings
6764:Pharsalus
6744:Corfinium
6736:Civil War
6691:Octodurus
6529:Ptolemaic
6337:Gallienus
6252:Gordian I
6215:Caracalla
6141:Vespasian
6135:Vitellius
5917:Ptolemaic
5759:Amyrtaeus
5741:Darius II
5686:Ahmose II
5666:Psamtik I
5605:uncertain
5593:Pharaohs
5529:Tanutamun
5364:Takelot I
5347:Osorkon I
5297:Masaharta
5247:Amenemope
5150:Setnakhte
5112:Merneptah
5054:Akhenaten
4971:uncertain
4853:Nebmaatre
4674:Sakir-Har
4627:Yaqub-Har
4539:Nebefawre
4289:Hotepibre
4155:Segerseni
4124:Intef III
4072:uncertain
4060:Pharaohs
3692:Neferefre
3518:Hudjefa I
3399:Semerkhet
3136:Hedju Hor
3098:uncertain
3086:Pharaohs
2952:Pyrrhus I
2917:Alcetas I
2823:Pharnaces
2798:Kamasarye
2781:Leukon II
2765:Hygiainon
2720:Archelaus
2559:Polemon I
2457:Prusias I
2398:Strato II
2388:Zoilos II
2383:Dionysios
2363:Archebius
2333:Peukolaos
2298:Polyxenos
2238:Pantaleon
2180:Pantaleon
2112:Attalus I
2107:Eumenes I
1913:Seleucids
1741:Ptolemies
1730:Philip VI
1677:Sosthenes
1657:Philip IV
1652:Cassander
1619:Philip II
1549:44–30 BCE
1051:29 August
1018:154911628
996:(1): 62.
924:Cleopatra
367:Cleopatra
301:sovereign
293:Cleopatra
265:Kaisaríōn
260:Καισαρίων
252:Caesarion
116:Successor
42:Caesarion
7223:Category
7192:Servilia
7060:Children
7041:Cornelia
6880:Anticato
6716:Gergovia
6711:Avaricum
6696:Morbihan
6686:Atuatuci
6666:Bibracte
6643:Mytilene
6489:21 to 23
6407:Galerius
6402:Maximian
6391:Numerian
6358:Aurelian
6310:Valerian
6273:Balbinus
6266:Pupienus
6220:Macrinus
6192:Pertinax
6186:Commodus
6151:Domitian
6114:Claudius
6109:Caligula
6104:Tiberius
6099:Augustus
5719:Darius I
5671:Necho II
5514:Shebitku
5486:Tefnakht
5079:Horemheb
5009:Ahmose I
4821:Pantjeny
4807:Senebkay
4787:Pepi III
4749:Bebiankh
4606:Shenshek
4564:Nebsenre
4396:Sihathor
4366:Khendjer
4329:Renseneb
4274:Nerikare
4119:Intef II
3996:Merykare
3901:Wadjkare
3845:Merenhor
3740:Userkare
3647:Menkaure
3641:Bikheris
3630:Djedefre
3596:Qahedjet
3480:Wadjenes
3466:Horus Sa
3459:Nubnefer
3446:Nynetjer
3410:Sneferka
3150:Ni-Neith
3036:Pharaohs
2983:Deidamia
2964:(regent)
2937:Aeacides
2874:Aspurgus
2767:(regent)
2750:Prytanis
2592:Sames II
2448:(regent)
2421:Boteiras
2368:Telephos
2358:Hermaeus
2313:Diomedes
2283:Strato I
2268:Zoilos I
2094:Attalids
1781:(regent)
1720:Philip V
1495:Archived
1399:(2008),
1383:62829223
1314:Augustus
1010:43297487
767:Augustus
717:See also
529:kingdom.
522:Plutarch
514:Berenice
512:port of
445:Seleucid
386:Octavian
375:dictator
355:, London
282:Octavian
120:Octavian
19:For the
7170:Related
7046:Pompeia
6801:Thapsus
6796:Corduba
6791:Ruspina
6384:Carinus
6365:Tacitus
6323:Quietus
6166:Hadrian
5850:Khabash
5681:Wahibre
5661:Necho I
5655:Nekauba
5643:Ammeris
5586:Dynasty
5524:Taharqa
5519:Shabaka
5456:Rudamun
5435:Iuput I
5280:Herihor
5232:Smendes
5132:Twosret
5122:Seti II
4966:female)
4951:Dynasty
4847:Rahotep
4744:Semenre
4714:Djehuti
4696:Khamudi
4685:Yanassi
4668:Salitis
4620:Yakareb
4613:Khamure
4544:Sehebre
4466:Merkare
4114:Intef I
4053:Dynasty
3962:Imhotep
3922:Iytjenu
3908:Khuiqer
3820:Menkare
3771:Neferka
3755:Pepi II
3677:Userkaf
3571:Sanakht
3394:Anedjib
3374:Hor-Aha
3307:Iry-Hor
3301:Shendjw
3273:Pen-Abu
3157:Hat-Hor
3079:Dynasty
2973:Ptolemy
2927:Arybbas
2907:Admetus
2889:Cotys I
2869:Polemon
2864:Polemon
2860:Dynamis
2855:Dynamis
2846:Dynamis
2842:Asander
2832:Dynamis
2828:Asander
2755:Eumelos
2554:Arsaces
2529:Laodice
2452:Ziaelas
2446:Etazeta
2323:Epander
2318:Amyntas
1725:Perseus
1611:Argeads
661:Dendera
580:Pompeii
539:suicide
510:Red Sea
506:Lepidus
485:Pompeii
467:, and "
451:Pharaoh
425:Parthia
270:pharaoh
191:Dynasty
79:of the
69:Pharaoh
7121:Legacy
7021:Family
6916:Quotes
6754:Ilerda
6721:Alesia
6671:Vosges
6524:Argead
6371:Probus
6291:Decius
6286:Philip
6161:Trajan
5889:Argead
5798:Muthis
5751:XXVIII
5731:Xerxes
5599:female
5577:Period
5286:Piankh
5257:Siamun
5127:Siptah
5102:Seti I
4942:Period
4894:Kamose
4828:Snaaib
4798:Abydos
4654:Semqen
4647:Sharek
4599:Sheneh
4579:'Apepi
4574:Bebnum
4529:Nehesy
4349:Sebkay
4269:Sonbef
4066:female
4044:Period
3855:Nikare
3745:Pepi I
3682:Sahure
3635:Khafre
3620:Snefru
3589:Sedjes
3561:Djoser
3487:Senedj
3365:Narmer
3324:Narmer
3206:Wazner
3171:Hsekiu
3143:Ny-Hor
3092:female
3070:Period
2549:Darius
2343:Nicias
2338:Thraso
2278:Lysias
1604:rulers
1525:
1471:
1446:Sear.
1413:
1381:
1340:
1293:koiran
1289:κοιραν
1285:kaisar
1281:καισαρ
1255:
1225:
1198:
1153:
1016:
1008:
946:
873:
657:Hathor
489:diadem
435:, and
153:Mother
142:Father
7086:Other
7067:Julia
7029:Wives
6865:Works
6806:Munda
6774:Siege
6681:Sabis
6676:Axona
6377:Carus
6156:Nerva
6146:Titus
6124:Galba
6091:XXXIV
6076:Roman
5855:Arses
5782:Hakor
5701:XXVII
5411:XXIII
5001:XVIII
4961:(male
4691:Apepi
4679:Khyan
4592:Wazad
4360:Wegaf
4294:Iufni
4148:Nubia
3956:Setut
3778:Nefer
3625:Khufu
3583:Khaba
3577:Nebka
3441:Nebra
3369:Menes
3328:Menes
3280:Stork
3243:Upper
3199:Neheb
3192:Thesh
3178:Khayu
3127:Lower
2862:with
2844:with
2830:with
2793:]
2527:with
2200:Plato
1878:Magas
1552:with
1529:30 BC
1527:Died:
1522:47 BC
1520:Born:
1379:S2CID
1277:Iliad
1014:S2CID
1006:JSTOR
807:Greek
791:Greek
749:Notes
616:Horus
588:cupid
584:Venus
555:Egypt
551:Homer
518:India
475:Death
461:a god
414:Horus
363:Egypt
256:Greek
236:Greek
89:Reign
6786:Zela
6661:Arar
6210:Geta
6129:Otho
6119:Nero
5837:XXXI
5822:Teos
5769:XXIX
5634:XXVI
5619:Late
5596:male
5556:Late
5509:Piye
5478:XXIV
5384:Pami
5334:XXII
4923:and
4839:XVII
4585:Nuya
4254:XIII
4063:male
4025:and
3915:Khui
3812:VIII
3735:Teti
3717:Unas
3602:Huni
3404:Qa'a
3384:Djet
3379:Djer
3287:Bull
3266:Fish
3232:Wash
3213:Mekh
3089:male
1469:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1053:2020
1025:2022
944:ISBN
871:ISBN
710:Amun
690:Ptah
624:Edfu
431:and
410:Isis
393:Rome
373:and
175:Died
163:Born
108:and
77:King
21:Rome
5809:XXX
5558:to
5501:XXV
5224:XXI
5089:XIX
4706:XVI
4486:XIV
4334:Hor
4175:XII
3808:VII
3553:III
3389:Den
3185:Tiu
3051:to
2426:Bas
1371:doi
998:doi
659:at
622:in
598:as
594:of
578:in
272:of
7241::
6519:31
6514:30
6509:27
6504:26
6499:25
6494:24
6484:20
6479:19
6474:18
6469:12
6464:11
5142:XX
5074:Ay
4638:XV
4101:XI
3933:IX
3727:VI
3612:IV
3452:Ba
3428:II
3367:/
3326:/
3312:Ka
3164:Pu
2791:ru
1409:,
1377:.
1367:76
1365:.
1361:.
1237:^
1042:.
1012:.
1004:.
994:61
988:.
976:^
958:^
834:RE
809::
797:).
793::
700:Ra
675::
649:.
626:,
520:.
463:,
416:.
262:,
258::
244:,
238::
234:;
224:əm
183:,
6576:e
6569:t
6562:v
6459:4
6455:3
6452:2
6448:1
3973:X
3810:/
3669:V
3357:I
3252:A
3220:A
3028:e
3021:t
3014:v
1594:e
1587:t
1580:v
1477:.
1385:.
1373::
1346:.
1261:.
1231:.
1204:.
1178:.
1159:.
1055:.
1027:.
1000::
952:.
879:.
789:(
712:"
692:"
254:(
230:/
227:i
221:l
218:ɒ
215:t
212:ˈ
209:/
205:(
34:.
27:.
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