179:
270:
427:
2027:
77:
774:
743:
717:
681:
36:
1125:
1092:
922:
878:
1133:
1100:
1062:
1055:
968:
961:
930:
886:
1303:
572:
over the former's handling of negotiations with the government to join the transitional administration set up by in Arusha
Accords. The Nkurunziza-led faction, consisting of 20,000 to 22,000 troops signed a ceasefire with the government in December 2002 but continued fighting. The faction led by
94:
49:
1300:
55:
1301:
https://medialibrary.uantwerpen.be/oldcontent/container2143/files/DPP%20Burundi/Ethnicit%C3%A9/Partage%20du%20pouvoir/Falch%20and%20Becker%20(2008)%20Power-sharing%20and%20Peacebuilding%20in%20Burundi%20(CSCW%20Paper).pdf
609:
In June 2020, Nkurunziza died while still serving as
President of Burundi and was succeeded by Ndayishimiye. Prior to Nkurunziza's death, Ndayishimiye had been elected President of Burundi in elections which were held in
1198:
141:
113:
568:, while Ndayikengurukiye's faction carried out its fight. In 2001, the CNDD– FDD consisted of about 25,000 rebels, but in September of that year Ndayikengurukiye was ousted by a faction led by
120:
127:
109:
1802:
2162:
1455:
2250:
541:
was the political wing of the organization, while the FDD was the military wing. The original CNDD was founded in 1994, a year after the first democratically elected
President
2245:
2230:
1402:
560:
In May 1998, Jean-Bosco
Ndayikengurukiye, Nyangoma's chief of staff, caused a schism by ousting the latter over leadership issues and losses suffered by the group during the
1041:
858:
134:
557:, while the armed wing was made up of troops drawn from across the country. During the war, the group was often referred to simply by the name of the armed wing (FDD).
2240:
573:
Ndayikengurukiye became the lesser of the two with about 5,000 fighters. It also signed a ceasefire with the government in
October 2002 to which it has roughly held.
580:
on 4 July 2005, the CNDD–FDD won an estimated 60 to 80 percent of the vote, making it likely that a CNDD–FDD representative would be chosen the president in August.
1596:
1190:
1168:
2260:
1324:
2192:
2015:
1499:
2167:
1527:
Rufyikiri, Gervais (2017). "The Post-Wartime
Trajectory of CNDD-FDD Party in Burundi: A Facade Transformation of Rebel Movement to Political Party".
1259:
1993:
1631:
2197:
1986:
Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.
2379:
2235:
2147:
1871:
1790:
2172:
538:
336:
1589:
1761:
1447:
2127:
1821:
1653:
2394:
2270:
2008:
1480:
Burihabwa, N., & Curtis, D. (2019). The Limits of
Resistance Ideologies? The CNDD-FDD and the Legacies of Governance in Burundi.
2389:
1855:
1423:
1398:
546:
2374:
2182:
1582:
576:
At an official ceremony in
January 2005, the group registered as a legal political party. Months later, in the largely peaceful
2212:
2117:
1746:
2364:
2359:
1509:
2301:
2031:
2001:
1900:
1778:
1349:
1283:
1221:
727:
696:
660:
592:
577:
454:
1372:
2187:
1923:
1073:
1036:
1008:
897:
853:
819:
1160:
2217:
1865:
240:
222:
200:
160:
63:
2023:
1320:
193:
2369:
2255:
1704:
2311:
2265:
2207:
1111:
941:
753:
611:
2202:
2152:
2122:
1664:
98:
2316:
2280:
2177:
2084:
2053:
1740:
606:
was, in the extraordinary congress that took place in Gitega, elected as the
Secretary General of the Party.
2384:
365:
480:
Conseil
National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie – Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie
2321:
2275:
2225:
2090:
2059:
2039:
1796:
406:
2336:
295:
2296:
1894:
1888:
565:
187:
17:
1574:
758:
603:
526:
472:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
283:
2157:
2137:
615:
498:, the CNDD–FDD was the most significant rebel group active and became a major political party in
87:
1698:
1669:
204:
1658:
1222:"The Limits of Resistance Ideologies? The CNDD-FDD and the Legacies of Governance in Burundi"
2142:
1953:
1686:
1641:
585:
514:
459:
8:
2340:
2132:
1692:
619:
495:
449:
261:
Conseil National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie–Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie
554:
1784:
510:
373:
1191:"Africa's populists and strongmen are some of the first to welcome a Trump presidency"
1549:
1515:
1505:
1241:
701:
665:
581:
569:
549:. The political wing was dominated by Hutu intellectuals from the southern region of
305:
110:"National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy"
2079:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
2070:
2048:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
1918:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
1647:
1635:
1610:
1544:
1536:
1488:
1233:
542:
392:
1540:
2332:
2112:
1606:
1376:
1307:
1078:
1013:
902:
824:
599:
561:
487:
475:
258:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy–Forces for the Defense of Democracy
1564:
1345:
1967:
1369:
1260:"Burundi: The CNDD-FDD, a steamroller leaving little space for the opposition"
618:, a hardliner, was chosen as the Secretary General of the CNDD–FDD in January
2353:
1519:
1245:
2306:
1751:
1859:
1850:
589:
269:
1492:
1237:
426:
353:
602:
was elected as President of CNDD–FDD. Then on 20 August 2016, General
545:
was killed by elements of Burundi's Tutsi-dominated army in a failed
346:
76:
1604:
377:
1501:
The CNDD–FDD in Burundi: The Path from Armed to Political Struggle
513:
has documented claims that members of Imbonerakure have harassed,
2107:
2026:
1975:
1942:
522:
518:
499:
491:
1346:"Refworld | Human Rights Watch World Report 1996 - Burundi"
1833:
1755:
550:
2231:
Party for Peace, Democracy, Reconciliation, and Reconstruction
1805:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)
1947:
1827:
1448:"Burundi ruling party selects hardliner as secretary-general"
525:
on behalf of the country's security forces, especially since
2163:
Movement for the Rehabilitation of Citizens – Rurenzangemero
1321:"Burundi: Immediate action vital to stop killings - Burundi"
2251:
Party for the Promotion of the Toiling Masses – Abanyamwete
1734:
1220:
Burihabwa, Ntagahoraho Z.; Curtis, Devon E.A. (July 2019).
370:
2246:
Party for the Liberation of the Burundian People – Agakiza
1568:
1424:"Burundi president to run for third term despite protest"
1284:"Burundi: Suspected Opponents Killed, Detained, Tortured"
502:. The party's rule has been described as authoritarian.
2261:
Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development
439:
2241:
Party for the Integral Renewal of Burundi – Intahemana
564:, the Nyangoma-led faction later taking a seat at the
2193:
New Alliance for Democracy and Development in Burundi
521:, and killed alleged members of opponent parties and
1161:"Post-Nkurunziza Burundi: The Rise of the Generals"
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2168:National Alliance for Law and Economic Development
1504:. Berlin: Berghof-Stiftung für Konfliktforschung.
655:President elected by National Assembly and Senate
2351:
1948:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
1828:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
1219:
595:, the party won 57.8% and 64 out of 118 seats.
2236:Party for the Economic Independence of Burundi
1872:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
785:
2173:National Council for the Defense of Democracy
2009:
1590:
337:National Council for the Defense of Democracy
2222:Party for National Concord – Abasangirajambo
1858:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the
1370:https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3de6530c4.pdf
2198:Pan Africanist Socialist Movement – Inkinzo
1399:"Burundi : Les combats s'intensifient"
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2148:Kaze – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
2016:
2002:
1597:
1583:
268:
2281:Union for Peace and Democracy–Zigamibanga
1856:Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda
1548:
1526:
1497:
630:
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1158:
186:This article includes a list of general
1822:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
1787:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999)
14:
2352:
2213:Party for Democracy and Reconciliation
2128:Front for Democracy in Burundi–Nyakuri
2118:Burundo-African Alliance for Salvation
1188:
505:CNDD–FDD's youth wing is known as the
2380:Political parties established in 1994
2271:Social Democratic Party – Dusabikanye
1997:
1785:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération
1764:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)
1578:
1201:from the original on 25 November 2020
1182:
1901:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
1779:Movement for the Liberation of Congo
1458:from the original on 24 January 2021
625:
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
2183:National Liberation Forces – Icanzo
1165:Africa Center for Strategic Studies
980:
24:
1474:
691:President elected by popular vote
192:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2406:
2218:Party for Justice and Development
1866:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
1558:
45:This article has multiple issues.
2395:Factions of the Second Congo War
2025:
1868:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997)
1189:Kazeem, Yomi (9 November 2016).
1131:
1124:
1123:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1060:
1053:
966:
959:
928:
921:
920:
884:
877:
876:
772:
741:
715:
679:
425:
177:
75:
34:
2390:Factions of the First Congo War
2312:Free Socialist Party of Burundi
2266:Rally for the People of Burundi
2208:Party for a Non-Violent Society
1737:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance)
1565:Ex-Hutu rebels win Burundi poll
1440:
1416:
1405:from the original on 2021-06-02
1391:
1382:
1352:from the original on 2019-07-07
1327:from the original on 2021-06-02
1171:from the original on 2021-10-26
588:unopposed on August 19. At the
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2375:1994 establishments in Burundi
2203:Parliamentary Monarchist Party
2153:Liberal Alliance for Democracy
2123:Front for Democracy in Burundi
1954:White Legion (First Congo War)
1363:
1338:
1313:
1294:
1276:
1252:
1213:
1152:
1132:
1099:
1061:
1054:
967:
960:
929:
885:
529:became the president in 2020.
13:
1:
2256:People's Reconciliation Party
2178:National Forces of Liberation
2085:National Congress for Liberty
2054:National Congress for Liberty
1741:Rally for Congolese Democracy
1541:10.1080/13698249.2017.1381819
1159:Nantulya, Paul (2020-06-22).
1145:
315:
2365:Political parties in Burundi
2360:Political history of Burundi
2032:Political parties in Burundi
1803:Front de Libération du Congo
1793:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML)
7:
2276:Union for National Progress
2226:Party for National Recovery
2091:Union for National Progress
2060:Union for National Progress
1797:Union of Congolese Patriots
786:National Assembly elections
10:
2411:
2337:Lists of political parties
2302:Christian Democratic Party
1482:Government and Opposition,
614:. Former Senate president
537:During the civil war, the
532:
27:Political party in Burundi
2330:
2289:
2188:National Liberation Front
2100:
2069:
2038:
1984:
1966:
1933:
1924:National Liberation Front
1910:
1881:
1843:
1812:
1771:
1727:
1718:
1679:
1624:
1617:
1550:10067/1491680151162165141
1498:Nindorera, Willy (2012).
1226:Government and Opposition
1077:
974:Supermajority government
936:Supermajority government
901:
892:Supermajority government
700:
690:
654:
445:
438:
433:
424:
419:
405:
391:
383:
364:
352:
342:
332:
324:
311:
301:
289:
276:
267:
255:
1889:Allied Democratic Forces
1388:Falch & Becker, p. 9
1139:Governing supermajority
1106:Governing supermajority
1068:Governing supermajority
2370:Rebel groups in Burundi
2138:Independent Labor Party
1874:(FDLR, created in 2000)
1310:Falch & Becker, p.9
578:parliamentary elections
207:more precise citations.
2297:Burundi Workers' Party
1895:Lord's Resistance Army
1830:(UNITA, in Second War)
1781:(MLC, created in 1998)
1638:/ FARDC, after Mobutu)
631:Presidential elections
479:
1950:(UNITA, in First War)
759:Évariste Ndayishimiye
604:Évariste Ndayishimiye
527:Évariste Ndayishimiye
284:Évariste Ndayishimiye
2143:Independents of Hope
1644:(FAA, in Second War)
1605:Armed groups in the
1042:Jérémie Ngendakumana
859:Jérémie Ngendakumana
848:Majority government
586:President of Burundi
515:arbitrarily detained
440:http://cndd-fdd.org/
95:improve this article
2385:Burundian Civil War
2341:Politics of Burundi
2317:Party of the People
2133:Green Party-Intwari
1934:Government-aligned,
1689:(FAA, in First War)
1454:. 24 January 2021.
1031:Governing majority
584:indeed was elected
566:Arusha negotiations
496:Burundian Civil War
450:Politics of Burundi
302:Permanent Visionary
1493:10.1017/gov.2019.2
1375:2021-11-04 at the
1306:2021-06-02 at the
1288:Human Rights Watch
1238:10.1017/gov.2019.2
616:Révérien Ndikuriyo
511:Human Rights Watch
296:Reverien Ndikuriyo
2347:
2346:
2040:National Assembly
1991:
1990:
1962:
1961:
1714:
1713:
1611:Second Congo Wars
1511:978-3-941514-06-5
1264:The Africa Report
1143:
1142:
978:
977:
783:
782:
702:Pierre Nkurunziza
666:Pierre Nkurunziza
626:Electoral history
582:Pierre Nkurunziza
570:Pierre Nkurunziza
468:
467:
455:Political parties
407:National Assembly
387:Red, Green, White
306:Pierre Nkurunziza
291:Secretary-General
251:
250:
243:
233:
232:
225:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
2402:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1813:Anti-government,
1725:
1724:
1636:Mobuto Sese Seko
1622:
1621:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1554:
1552:
1523:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1323:. 16 July 1995.
1317:
1311:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1156:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1021:
985:
984:
981:Senate elections
970:
969:
963:
962:
955:
932:
931:
924:
923:
916:
888:
887:
880:
879:
872:
838:
790:
789:
779:
776:
775:
748:
745:
744:
722:
719:
718:
686:
683:
682:
641:Party candidate
635:
634:
555:Léonard Nyangoma
543:Melchior Ndadaye
429:
414:
400:
320:
317:
292:
282:
272:
253:
252:
246:
239:
228:
221:
217:
214:
208:
203:this article by
194:inline citations
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2333:Portal:Politics
2326:
2285:
2096:
2065:
2034:
2024:
2022:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1958:
1935:
1929:
1906:
1877:
1839:
1814:
1808:
1767:
1720:
1710:
1680:Anti-government
1675:
1618:National armies
1613:
1603:
1561:
1512:
1477:
1475:Further reading
1472:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1377:Wayback Machine
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1308:Wayback Machine
1299:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1120:
1117:
1087:
1084:
1079:Pascal Nyabenda
1050:
1047:
1022:
1019:
1014:Hussein Radjabu
983:
956:
953:
917:
914:
903:Pascal Nyabenda
873:
870:
839:
836:
825:Hussein Radjabu
788:
777:
773:
746:
742:
720:
716:
684:
680:
633:
628:
600:Pascal Nyabenda
598:In March 2012,
562:First Congo War
535:
488:political party
486:) is the major
464:
415:
412:
401:
398:
376:
333:Split from
319: May 1998
318:
290:
280:
263:
262:
259:
247:
236:
235:
234:
229:
218:
212:
209:
199:Please help to
198:
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2408:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2345:
2344:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2322:People's Party
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1968:United Nations
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1772:Uganda-aligned
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1758:in South Kivu)
1749:
1744:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1728:Rwanda-aligned
1722:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1628:
1626:
1625:Pro-government
1619:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1560:
1559:External links
1557:
1556:
1555:
1535:(2): 220–248.
1524:
1510:
1495:
1487:(3), 559-583.
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1439:
1415:
1390:
1381:
1362:
1337:
1312:
1293:
1290:. 18 May 2022.
1275:
1251:
1232:(3): 559–583.
1212:
1181:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
982:
979:
976:
975:
972:
964:
957:
952:
950:
947:
944:
938:
937:
934:
926:
918:
913:
911:
908:
905:
900:
894:
893:
890:
882:
874:
869:
867:
864:
861:
856:
850:
849:
846:
843:
840:
835:
833:
830:
827:
822:
816:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
787:
784:
781:
780:
767:
764:
761:
756:
750:
749:
736:
733:
730:
724:
723:
710:
707:
704:
699:
693:
692:
688:
687:
674:
671:
668:
663:
657:
656:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
632:
629:
627:
624:
534:
531:
466:
465:
463:
462:
457:
452:
446:
443:
442:
436:
435:
431:
430:
422:
421:
417:
416:
411:
409:
403:
402:
397:
395:
389:
388:
385:
381:
380:
368:
362:
361:
356:
350:
349:
344:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
326:
322:
321:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
293:
287:
286:
278:
274:
273:
265:
264:
260:
257:
256:
249:
248:
231:
230:
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2407:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Liberal Party
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:Unrepresented
2099:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1926:(FLN/FROLINA)
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1200:
1196:
1195:Quartz Africa
1192:
1185:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
991:Party leader
990:
987:
986:
973:
965:
958:
951:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
935:
927:
919:
912:
909:
906:
904:
899:
896:
895:
891:
883:
875:
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
841:
834:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
796:Party leader
795:
792:
791:
771:
768:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
740:
737:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
714:
711:
708:
705:
703:
698:
695:
694:
689:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
653:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
636:
623:
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
601:
596:
594:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
494:. During the
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
444:
441:
437:
432:
428:
423:
418:
410:
408:
404:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
379:
375:
372:
369:
367:
363:
360:
357:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
338:
335:
331:
327:
323:
314:
310:
307:
304:
300:
297:
294:
288:
285:
279:
275:
271:
266:
254:
245:
242:
227:
224:
216:
206:
202:
196:
195:
189:
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2307:Common Front
2078:
2047:
1917:
1911:Anti-Burundi
1791:RCD-National
1752:Banyamulenge
1721:rebel groups
1719:Militias and
1634:(FAZ, under
1532:
1528:
1500:
1484:
1481:
1460:. Retrieved
1451:
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:
1418:
1407:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1315:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1194:
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1164:
1154:
769:
738:
712:
676:
608:
597:
575:
559:
536:
507:Imbonerakure
506:
504:
483:
471:
469:
359:Imbonerakure
358:
343:Headquarters
328:January 2005
237:
219:
213:January 2015
210:
191:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2113:ADC–Ikibiri
1882:Anti-Uganda
1860:Interahamwe
1851:Interahamwe
1844:Anti-Rwanda
1571:5 July 2005
1462:January 24,
590:legislative
547:coup d'etat
374:nationalism
205:introducing
2354:Categories
1920:(CNDD-FDD)
1836:(in Ituri)
1529:Civil Wars
1433:2023-11-14
1428:Al Jazeera
1409:2021-05-29
1356:2021-05-29
1331:2021-05-29
1269:2023-07-27
1205:4 December
1175:2021-10-26
1146:References
946:3,036,286
907:1,721,629
863:1,848,023
829:1,417,800
763:3,082,210
732:1,961,510
706:2,479,483
420:Party flag
354:Youth wing
325:Registered
188:references
151:March 2022
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1762:RCD-Congo
1701:(RPF/RDF)
1520:873376633
1246:0017-257X
1000:Position
988:Election
811:Position
793:Election
638:Election
593:elections
460:Elections
347:Bujumbura
277:President
56:talk page
1824:(SPLA/M)
1754:(ethnic
1747:RCD–Goma
1670:Zimbabwe
1456:Archived
1403:Archived
1373:Archived
1350:Archived
1325:Archived
1304:Archived
1199:Archived
1169:Archived
954:86 / 123
915:86 / 121
871:81 / 106
837:64 / 118
612:May 2020
523:militias
519:tortured
484:CNDD–FDD
413:86 / 123
378:Populism
366:Ideology
18:CNDD-FDD
2290:Defunct
2108:Abahuza
1976:MONUSCO
1943:Mai-Mai
1693:Burundi
1659:Namibia
1452:AP NEWS
1118:34 / 43
1085:33 / 43
1048:32 / 41
1020:32 / 49
1003:Result
949:70.98%
910:60.28%
866:81.19%
832:58.55%
814:Result
770:Elected
766:71.45%
739:Elected
735:69.41%
713:Elected
709:91.62%
677:Elected
650:Result
553:led by
533:History
500:Burundi
492:Burundi
434:Website
399:34 / 43
312:Founded
281:General
201:improve
135:scholar
2071:Senate
1834:CODECO
1756:Tutsis
1707:(UPDF)
1705:Uganda
1699:Rwanda
1687:Angola
1650:(FANT)
1642:Angola
1518:
1508:
1244:
994:Seats
805:Seats
799:Votes
673:94.4%
644:Votes
551:Bururi
476:French
393:Senate
384:Colors
190:, but
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1936:other
1903:(FNI)
1897:(LRA)
1891:(ADF)
1815:other
1799:(UPC)
1743:(RCD)
1695:(FAB)
1672:(ZNA)
1665:Sudan
1661:(NDF)
1654:Libya
1632:Zaire
1607:First
142:JSTOR
128:books
2081:(34)
2056:(32)
2050:(86)
1735:AFDL
1648:Chad
1609:and
1516:OCLC
1506:ISBN
1464:2021
1379:p. 8
1242:ISSN
1207:2020
1136:1st
1112:2020
1103:1st
1074:2015
1065:1st
1037:2010
1028:1st
1025:New
1009:2005
997:+/–
971:1st
942:2020
933:1st
898:2015
889:1st
854:2010
845:1st
842:New
820:2005
808:+/–
754:2020
728:2015
697:2010
670:151
661:2005
620:2021
539:CNDD
470:The
371:Hutu
114:news
2093:(1)
2087:(1)
2062:(2)
1569:BBC
1545:hdl
1537:doi
1489:doi
1234:doi
881:17
490:in
97:by
2356::
2339:-
2335:-
1567:,
1543:.
1533:19
1531:.
1514:.
1485:54
1450:.
1426:.
1401:.
1348:.
1286:.
1262:.
1240:.
1230:54
1228:.
1224:.
1197:.
1193:.
1167:.
1163:.
1128:1
1095:1
925:5
802:%
647:%
622:.
517:,
509:.
482:,
478::
316:c.
59:.
2017:e
2010:t
2003:v
1862:)
1598:e
1591:t
1584:v
1553:.
1547::
1539::
1522:.
1491::
1466:.
1436:.
1412:.
1359:.
1334:.
1272:.
1248:.
1236::
1209:.
1178:.
778:Y
747:Y
721:Y
685:Y
474:(
244:)
238:(
226:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
197:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
