53:
116:
435:
306:
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burrow to avoid extreme weather conditions or seasons where certain food sources may be unavailable. Additionally, burrows can protect to animals that have just had their young, providing good conditions and safety for vulnerable newborn animals. Burrows may also provide shelter to animals residing in areas frequently destroyed by fire, as animals deep underground in a burrow may be kept dry, safe and at a stable temperature.
100:. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a
361:
The burrows produced by invertebrate animals can be filled actively or passively. Dwelling burrows which remain open during the occupation by an organism are filled passively, by gravity rather than by the organism. Actively filled burrows, on the other hand, are filled with material by the burrowing
457:
may construct burrows to live in during winter, and use them for physical protection. Some species will also use burrows to store and protect food. This provides a benefit to the animal as it can keep food away from other competition. It also allows the animal to keep a good stock of food inside the
417:
are an example of secondary modifiers, as they do not build an original burrow, but will live inside a burrow made by other animals and improve or change some aspects of the burrow for their own purpose. The third category, simple occupants, neither build nor modify the burrow but simply live inside
452:
Some species may spend the majority of their days inside a burrow, indicating it must have good conditions and provide some benefit to the animal. Burrows may be used by certain species as protection from harsh conditions, or from predators. Burrows may be found facing the direction of sunlight or
219:, are well-known burrowers. Some species, such as the groundhog, can construct burrows that occupy a full cubic metre, displacing about 300 kilograms (660 lb) of dirt. There is evidence that rodents may construct the most complex burrows of all vertebrate burrowing species. For example,
404:
Burrowing animals can be divided into three categories: primary excavators, secondary modifiers and simple occupants. Primary excavators are the animals that originally dig and construct the burrow, and are generally very strong. Some animals considered to be primary excavators are the
1103:
Mukherjee, Aditi., Pilakandy, Rajan., Kumara
Honnavalli Nagaraj., Manchi, Shirish S., Bhupathy, Subramanian. (June 2017). "Burrow characteristics and its importance in occupancy of burrow dwelling vertebrates in Semiarid area of Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India".
223:
live in family groups in extensive burrows, which can be seen on satellite images. Even the unoccupied burrows can remain visible in the landscape for years. The burrows are distributed regularly, although the occupied burrows appear to be clustered in space. Even
127:
A large variety of vertebrates construct or use burrows in many types of substrate; burrows can range widely in complexity. Some examples of vertebrate burrowing animals include a number of
810:"Mapping the distribution of the main host for plague in a complex landscape in Kazakhstan: An object-based approach using SPOT-5 XS, Landsat 7 ETM+, SRTM and multiple Random Forests"
252:
are also known to construct and live in burrows, and may exhibit territorial behaviour over the burrows as well. There is also evidence that a burrow provides protection for the
453:
away from the direction of cold wind. This could help with heat retention and insulation, providing protection from temperatures and conditions outside. Insects such as the
1270:
1386:
652:
808:
Wilschut, L.I.; Addink, E.A.; Heesterbeek, J.A.P.; Dubyanskiy, V.M.; Davis, S.A.; Laudisoit, A.; Begon, M.; Burdelov, L.; Atshabar, B.B.; de Jong, S.M. (2013).
865:
Wilschut, L.I; Laudisoit, A.; Hughes, N.; Addink, E.A.; de Jong, S.M.; Heesterbeek, J.A.P.; Reijniers, J.; Eagle, S.; Dubyanskiy, V.M.; Begon, M. (2015).
2225:
627:
Dubiel, Russel; Blodgett, Robert H; Bown, Thomas M (May 1987). "Lungfish
Burrows in the Upper Triassic Chinle and Dolores Formations, Colorado Plateau".
365:
The establishment of an invertebrate burrow often involves the soaking of surrounding sediment in mucus to prevent collapse and to seal off water flow.
1252:
1141:
1042:
794:
716:
2173:
1102:
921:
Old JM, Hunter NE, Wolfenden J (2018). Who utilises bare-nosed wombat burrows? Australian
Zoologist. 39, 409-413. DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2018.006
584:
Jonkel, Charles J.; Kolenosky, George B.; Robertson, Richard J.; Russell, Richard H. (1972). "Further Notes on Polar Bear
Denning Habits".
2200:
2371:
1920:
1030:
Central-place territorial defence in a burrow-dwelling skink: aggressive responses to conspecific models in pygmy bluetongue lizards
2158:
2005:
2193:
533:
Jones, S. E.; Jago, C. F. (1993-01-01). "In situ assessment of modification of sediment properties by burrowing invertebrates".
240:
are burrowers. Wombat burrows are large and some have been mapped using a drone. The largest burrowing animal is probably the
1393:
867:"Spatial distribution patterns of plague hosts : point pattern analysis of the burrows of great gerbils in Kazakhstan"
2098:
2000:
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1635:
1056:
1930:
1203:
Old, Julie M.; Hunter, Nicole E.; Wolfenden, Jack (2018). "Who utilises bare-nosed wombat burrows?".
17:
2296:
2168:
1326:"Portal Orientation and Architecture of Burrows in Tympanoctomys barrerae (Rodentia, Octodontidae)"
120:
1782:
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1402:
1189:
984:
46:
42:
31:
426:, which is an example of simple occupancy. These animals can also be referred to as commensals.
1935:
1574:
1164:
Kinlaw, Al (1999). "A review of burrowing by semi-fossorial vertebrates in arid environments".
85:
1615:
2333:
1940:
1271:"Extended winters entail long-term costs for insect offspring reared in an overwinter burrow"
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8:
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to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of
1324:
Torres, M. RocĂo; Borghi, Carlos E.; Giannoni, Stella M.; Pattini, Andrea (May 2003).
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are often found to form burrows. Some other mammals that are known to burrow are the
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570:
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2015:
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550:
57:
1945:
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513:
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104:
88:. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small
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1990:
1980:
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645:
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1985:
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406:
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164:
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1955:
1605:
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648:"First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur"
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1485:
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814:
International
Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
646:
Varricchio, David J.; Martin, Anthony J.; Katsura, Yoshihiro (2007).
338:
construct their burrows in the skin of the infested animal or human.
287:
225:
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184:
132:
89:
77:
597:
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1490:
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807:
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are perhaps most well known for burrowing. Mammal species such as
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377:
339:
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and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every
69:
1371:
931:
Old, Julie M.; Lin, Simon H.; Franklin, Michael J. M. (2019).
260:) when fighting, as they may fight from inside their burrows.
1757:
1517:
864:
389:
310:
283:
152:
81:
1269:
Körner, Maximilian; Foitzik, Susanne; Meunier, Joël (2018).
1832:
1537:
1460:
1343:
10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0541:poaaob>2.0.co;2
1323:
497:
419:
393:
355:
343:
335:
136:
1027:
347:
204:
653:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
399:
1241:. New York and London: Plenum Press. pp. 369â416.
783:. New York and London: Plenum Press. pp. 369â416.
263:
Burrows by birds are usually made in soft soils; some
1268:
68:
is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an
2226:
Southern
African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
1202:
418:or use it for their own purpose. Some species of
278:is an example, constructing burrows along coastal
2358:
1028:Fenner, A. L., Bull, C. M. (August 17, 2010),
930:
1387:
76:. Burrows provide a form of shelter against
1251:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1140:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1041:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
793:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
715:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2201:Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
1060:, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
466:Burrows are also commonly preserved in the
2174:History of hard rock miners' organizations
1394:
1380:
1069:
1067:
729:
1351:
1341:
970:
960:
898:
841:
747:
673:
532:
2159:American Society of Reclamation Sciences
2006:North American Aerospace Defense Command
1237:O. J., Reichman, Stan. C. Smith (1990).
779:O. J., Reichman, Stan. C. Smith (1990).
697:O. J., Reichman, Stan. C. Smith (1990).
433:
346:construct burrows in the soil and wood.
304:
114:
51:
27:Underground animal home dug in soft dirt
1073:
1064:
327:
14:
2359:
1163:
1375:
1319:
1317:
1315:
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1262:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1023:
1021:
123:, with young, emerges from its burrow
110:
639:
400:Excavators, modifiers, and occupants
350:construct burrows in the soil. Some
586:Bears: Their Biology and Management
24:
2099:Journey to the Center of the Earth
2001:Naples underground geothermal zone
1312:
1259:
1223:
1148:
1096:
1076:The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils
1018:
937:) burrows with the use of a drone"
772:
690:
25:
2383:
2372:Shelters built or used by animals
2216:Research Centre for Deep Drilling
2211:International Union of Speleology
1074:Donovan, Stephen K., ed. (1994).
730:Harrington, Monica (April 2014).
461:
933:"Mapping out bare-nosed wombat (
629:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
324:construct burrows in fine sand.
274:are noted for such burrows. The
254:Adelaide pygmy blue-tongue skink
2206:Institution of Mining Engineers
1971:Underground Great Wall of China
1401:
1196:
1049:
991:
924:
915:
2221:Society of Economic Geologists
2189:National Speleological Society
2139:Wonderland (fictional country)
1290:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.03.021
1128:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.02.003
858:
801:
732:"What a woodchuck could chuck"
723:
620:
577:
526:
500:- a network of badger tunnels.
13:
1:
1646:Subterranean rivers of London
519:
429:
422:make use of burrows built by
60:at the entrance of its burrow
2179:National Mine Map Repository
1621:Jewel Cave National Monument
1166:Journal of Arid Environments
1107:Journal of Arid Environments
290:. Other burrowing birds are
7:
2184:National Mining Association
2011:Raven Rock Mountain Complex
1004:National Geographic Society
481:
10:
2388:
2124:Tunnels in popular culture
1966:Underground City, Montreal
1961:Underground City (Beijing)
1906:816 Nuclear Military Plant
1636:Mammoth Cave National Park
1278:Journal of Thermal Biology
36:
29:
2234:
2151:
2076:
2055:
2048:
1931:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
1898:
1675:
1668:
1598:
1416:
1409:
1055:C. Michael Hogan, (2008)
962:10.1186/s12898-019-0257-5
834:10.1016/j.jag.2012.11.007
2297:Underground construction
2169:Cave Research Foundation
215:, members of the family
121:black-tailed prairie dog
37:Not to be confused with
1783:Missile launch facility
1656:Wind Cave National Park
1190:Elsevier Science Direct
985:Elsevier Science Direct
871:Journal of Biogeography
701:. New York and London:
86:biological interactions
47:bureau (disambiguation)
43:borrow (disambiguation)
32:Burrow (disambiguation)
1936:Chicago Tunnel Company
1575:Subterranean waterfall
1186:10.1006/jare.1998.0476
666:10.1098/rspb.2006.0443
449:
368:Examples of burrowing
358:can burrow into rock.
318:
124:
61:
1951:KĆbĂĄnya cellar system
1941:Houston tunnel system
1921:Almadén Mercury Mines
1916:The Caves of ĂgissĂĂ°a
1080:John Wiley & Sons
437:
308:
118:
55:
2346:Subterranean warfare
2119:Subterranea (comics)
2104:Moria (Middle-earth)
2084:Allegory of the cave
2068:Subterranean fiction
1330:Journal of Mammalogy
1205:Australian Zoologist
445:limestone, southern
328:Invertebrate burrows
309:Bird burrows on the
258:Tiliqua adelaidensis
96:species such as the
30:For other uses, see
2302:Tunnel construction
2026:Subterranean Toledo
2021:Subterranean London
1911:Caves of Maastricht
1217:10.7882/AZ.2018.006
1178:1999JArEn..41..127K
1120:2017JArEn.141....7M
953:2019BMCE...19...39O
883:2015JBiog..42.1281W
826:2013IJAEO..23...81W
705:. pp. 369â416.
660:(1616): 1361â1368.
547:1993MarBi.115..133J
2324:Mining engineering
2309:Underground living
2134:Underland (Narnia)
2049:Fictional features
1828:Underground hangar
1570:Subterranean river
1565:Subterranean fauna
1058:Magellanic penguin
555:10.1007/BF00349395
509:Subterranean fauna
450:
319:
276:Magellanic penguin
248:in snow or earth.
244:when it makes its
125:
111:Vertebrate burrows
84:and among various
62:
2354:
2353:
2242:Cave conservation
2147:
2146:
2044:
2043:
1890:Ventilation shaft
1669:Man-made features
1664:
1663:
1239:Current Mammalogy
891:10.1111/jbi.12534
781:Current Mammalogy
749:10.1038/laban.516
699:Current Mammalogy
362:organism itself.
155:(including small
16:(Redirected from
2379:
2319:Mine exploration
2094:Greek Underworld
2053:
2052:
2031:Turda Salt Mines
2016:Shanghai tunnels
1880:Smuggling tunnel
1823:Underground base
1818:Underground city
1733:Dugout (shelter)
1683:Air raid shelter
1673:
1672:
1631:Lechuguilla Cave
1611:Castellana Caves
1580:Underground lake
1414:
1413:
1410:Natural features
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1016:
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989:
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935:Vombatus ursinus
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912:
902:
877:(7): 1281â1292.
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92:, to very large
58:eastern chipmunk
21:
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2143:
2072:
2040:
1946:Kosvinsky Kamen
1894:
1753:Fallout shelter
1723:Crypt Mausoleum
1660:
1651:Veryovkina Cave
1641:Reed Flute Cave
1594:
1501:Solutional cave
1449:Communal burrow
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1400:
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598:10.2307/3872578
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514:Communal burrow
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2292:Trench warfare
2289:
2287:Tunnel network
2284:
2282:Tunnel warfare
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2235:Related topics
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1991:Mount Yamantau
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1983:
1981:Mines of Paris
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1848:Secret passage
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1523:Lava tree mold
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1336:(2): 541â546.
1311:
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1211:(3): 409â413.
1195:
1172:(2): 127â145.
1147:
1095:
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1063:
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1017:
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923:
914:
857:
820:(100): 81â94.
800:
771:
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541:(1): 133â142.
535:Marine Biology
524:
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506:
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490:
483:
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472:burrow fossils
463:
462:Fossil burrows
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329:
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112:
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26:
9:
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2277:Civil defense
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2267:Cave painting
2265:
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2152:Organisations
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
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1989:
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1986:Mustang Caves
1984:
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1843:Subway system
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1813:Utility vault
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1798:Rock-cut tomb
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1788:Passage grave
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1743:Earth shelter
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1708:Blast shelter
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1626:Kazumura Cave
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468:fossil record
459:
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441:burrows in a
440:
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415:Pygmy gerbils
412:
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370:invertebrates
366:
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322:Kangaroo mice
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19:
2247:Cave dweller
2109:Nome Kingdom
2063:Hollow Earth
1976:Maginot Line
1875:Storm cellar
1693:Burial vault
1555:Rock shelter
1466:Glacier cave
1438:
1333:
1329:
1281:
1277:
1238:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1188:– via
1169:
1165:
1136:cite journal
1111:
1105:
1098:
1075:
1057:
1051:
1029:
1009:. Retrieved
1007:. 2012-06-06
1002:
993:
983:– via
944:
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934:
926:
917:
874:
870:
860:
817:
813:
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780:
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739:
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703:Plenum Press
698:
692:
657:
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632:
628:
622:
589:
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579:
538:
534:
528:
476:trace fossil
474:, a type of
465:
451:
413:and wombat.
403:
367:
364:
360:
331:
320:
262:
257:
197:pygmy rabbit
181:great gerbil
126:
65:
63:
2329:Mole people
2314:Mine rescue
2262:Cave rescue
2252:Cave diving
1996:Mogao Caves
1926:Coober Pedy
1885:Spider hole
1863:Septic tank
1803:Root cellar
1454:Paleoburrow
1403:Subterranea
1353:11336/96235
1284:: 116â122.
941:BMC Ecology
592:: 142â158.
407:prairie dog
386:crustaceans
382:sea urchins
352:sea urchins
313:shore near
296:kingfishers
282:regions of
165:Insectivora
2361:Categories
2341:Speleology
2334:in fiction
2114:Pellucidar
1956:Kome Caves
1606:Balve Cave
1550:Pit crater
1506:Talus cave
1429:Ant colony
1011:2018-01-05
742:(4): 117.
736:Lab Animal
635:: 512â521.
520:References
439:Crustacean
430:Protection
300:bee-eaters
280:Patagonian
267:and other
242:polar bear
236:, such as
234:marsupials
133:amphibians
98:polar bear
94:vertebrate
74:locomotion
2257:Cave gate
2129:Underdark
2077:Exemplars
1899:Exemplars
1838:Wine cave
1713:Catacombs
1599:Exemplars
1496:Show cave
1486:Lava tube
1481:Lava cave
1362:0022-2372
1247:cite book
947:(1): 39.
789:cite book
711:cite book
606:1936-0614
563:1432-1793
424:tortoises
342:and some
288:Argentina
228:like the
226:Carnivora
217:Leporidae
201:armadillo
185:groundhog
175:like the
167:like the
157:dinosaurs
90:amphipods
78:predation
18:Burrowing
2367:Ethology
1870:Stepwell
1858:Sewerage
1768:Hypogeum
1748:Erdstall
1738:Dry well
1718:Casemate
1698:Borehole
1688:Basement
1560:Sinkhole
1491:Pit Cave
1476:Ice cave
1306:44067573
1298:29801616
1114:: 7â15.
1037:citation
999:"burrow"
981:31533684
909:26877580
852:24817838
766:26461588
758:24651779
684:17374596
571:85234722
482:See also
443:Jurassic
411:aardvark
340:Termites
317:, Russia
272:seabirds
265:penguins
193:pangolin
189:platypus
149:reptiles
145:lungfish
141:dragonet
2164:Bergamt
2089:Batcave
2036:Yaodong
1773:Manhole
1763:Foxhole
1728:Dungeon
1434:Aquifer
1174:Bibcode
1116:Bibcode
972:6749681
949:Bibcode
900:4737218
879:Bibcode
843:4010295
822:Bibcode
675:2176205
614:3872578
543:Bibcode
504:Spreite
378:spiders
374:insects
333:Scabies
292:puffins
269:pelagic
250:Lizards
238:wombats
230:meerkat
213:rabbits
211:. Some
173:rodents
161:Mammals
129:mammals
39:borough
2272:Caving
2194:Grotto
1808:Tunnel
1793:Quarry
1703:Bunker
1590:Warren
1513:Cenote
1471:Grotto
1439:Burrow
1424:Alcove
1360:
1304:
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1086:
979:
969:
907:
897:
850:
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764:
756:
682:
672:
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569:
561:
455:earwig
447:Israel
315:Kstovo
298:, and
232:, and
209:weasel
177:gopher
171:, and
151:, and
105:warren
102:rabbit
70:animal
66:burrow
2056:Types
1758:Fogou
1676:Types
1518:Karst
1417:Types
1302:S2CID
1274:(PDF)
762:S2CID
610:JSTOR
567:S2CID
394:worms
390:clams
356:clams
344:wasps
336:mites
311:Volga
284:Chile
153:birds
82:biome
45:, or
1833:Well
1778:Mine
1538:Nest
1461:Cave
1358:ISSN
1294:PMID
1253:link
1142:link
1084:ISBN
1043:link
977:PMID
905:PMID
848:PMID
795:link
754:PMID
717:link
680:PMID
602:ISSN
559:ISSN
498:Sett
488:Holt
420:bird
392:and
372:are
354:and
348:Ants
286:and
207:and
183:and
169:mole
143:and
137:fish
1543:Bee
1348:hdl
1338:doi
1286:doi
1213:doi
1182:doi
1124:doi
1112:141
967:PMC
957:doi
895:PMC
887:doi
838:PMC
830:doi
744:doi
670:PMC
662:doi
658:274
594:doi
551:doi
539:115
470:as
205:rat
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