42:
105:
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295:
447:
burrow to avoid extreme weather conditions or seasons where certain food sources may be unavailable. Additionally, burrows can protect to animals that have just had their young, providing good conditions and safety for vulnerable newborn animals. Burrows may also provide shelter to animals residing in areas frequently destroyed by fire, as animals deep underground in a burrow may be kept dry, safe and at a stable temperature.
89:. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a
350:
The burrows produced by invertebrate animals can be filled actively or passively. Dwelling burrows which remain open during the occupation by an organism are filled passively, by gravity rather than by the organism. Actively filled burrows, on the other hand, are filled with material by the burrowing
446:
may construct burrows to live in during winter, and use them for physical protection. Some species will also use burrows to store and protect food. This provides a benefit to the animal as it can keep food away from other competition. It also allows the animal to keep a good stock of food inside the
406:
are an example of secondary modifiers, as they do not build an original burrow, but will live inside a burrow made by other animals and improve or change some aspects of the burrow for their own purpose. The third category, simple occupants, neither build nor modify the burrow but simply live inside
441:
Some species may spend the majority of their days inside a burrow, indicating it must have good conditions and provide some benefit to the animal. Burrows may be used by certain species as protection from harsh conditions, or from predators. Burrows may be found facing the direction of sunlight or
208:, are well-known burrowers. Some species, such as the groundhog, can construct burrows that occupy a full cubic metre, displacing about 300 kilograms (660 lb) of dirt. There is evidence that rodents may construct the most complex burrows of all vertebrate burrowing species. For example,
393:
Burrowing animals can be divided into three categories: primary excavators, secondary modifiers and simple occupants. Primary excavators are the animals that originally dig and construct the burrow, and are generally very strong. Some animals considered to be primary excavators are the
1092:
Mukherjee, Aditi., Pilakandy, Rajan., Kumara
Honnavalli Nagaraj., Manchi, Shirish S., Bhupathy, Subramanian. (June 2017). "Burrow characteristics and its importance in occupancy of burrow dwelling vertebrates in Semiarid area of Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India".
212:
live in family groups in extensive burrows, which can be seen on satellite images. Even the unoccupied burrows can remain visible in the landscape for years. The burrows are distributed regularly, although the occupied burrows appear to be clustered in space. Even
116:
A large variety of vertebrates construct or use burrows in many types of substrate; burrows can range widely in complexity. Some examples of vertebrate burrowing animals include a number of
799:"Mapping the distribution of the main host for plague in a complex landscape in Kazakhstan: An object-based approach using SPOT-5 XS, Landsat 7 ETM+, SRTM and multiple Random Forests"
241:
are also known to construct and live in burrows, and may exhibit territorial behaviour over the burrows as well. There is also evidence that a burrow provides protection for the
442:
away from the direction of cold wind. This could help with heat retention and insulation, providing protection from temperatures and conditions outside. Insects such as the
1259:
1375:
641:
797:
Wilschut, L.I.; Addink, E.A.; Heesterbeek, J.A.P.; Dubyanskiy, V.M.; Davis, S.A.; Laudisoit, A.; Begon, M.; Burdelov, L.; Atshabar, B.B.; de Jong, S.M. (2013).
854:
Wilschut, L.I; Laudisoit, A.; Hughes, N.; Addink, E.A.; de Jong, S.M.; Heesterbeek, J.A.P.; Reijniers, J.; Eagle, S.; Dubyanskiy, V.M.; Begon, M. (2015).
2214:
616:
Dubiel, Russel; Blodgett, Robert H; Bown, Thomas M (May 1987). "Lungfish
Burrows in the Upper Triassic Chinle and Dolores Formations, Colorado Plateau".
354:
The establishment of an invertebrate burrow often involves the soaking of surrounding sediment in mucus to prevent collapse and to seal off water flow.
1241:
1130:
1031:
783:
705:
2162:
1091:
910:
Old JM, Hunter NE, Wolfenden J (2018). Who utilises bare-nosed wombat burrows? Australian
Zoologist. 39, 409-413. DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2018.006
573:
Jonkel, Charles J.; Kolenosky, George B.; Robertson, Richard J.; Russell, Richard H. (1972). "Further Notes on Polar Bear
Denning Habits".
2189:
2360:
1909:
1019:
Central-place territorial defence in a burrow-dwelling skink: aggressive responses to conspecific models in pygmy bluetongue lizards
2147:
1994:
2182:
522:
Jones, S. E.; Jago, C. F. (1993-01-01). "In situ assessment of modification of sediment properties by burrowing invertebrates".
229:
are burrowers. Wombat burrows are large and some have been mapped using a drone. The largest burrowing animal is probably the
1382:
856:"Spatial distribution patterns of plague hosts : point pattern analysis of the burrows of great gerbils in Kazakhstan"
2087:
1989:
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2199:
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1076:
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1959:
1331:
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1999:
992:
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1919:
1192:
Old, Julie M.; Hunter, Nicole E.; Wolfenden, Jack (2018). "Who utilises bare-nosed wombat burrows?".
2285:
2157:
1315:"Portal Orientation and Architecture of Burrows in Tympanoctomys barrerae (Rodentia, Octodontidae)"
109:
1771:
1644:
1391:
1178:
973:
35:
31:
20:
415:, which is an example of simple occupancy. These animals can also be referred to as commensals.
1924:
1563:
1153:
Kinlaw, Al (1999). "A review of burrowing by semi-fossorial vertebrates in arid environments".
74:
1604:
2322:
1929:
1260:"Extended winters entail long-term costs for insect offspring reared in an overwinter burrow"
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8:
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to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of
1313:
Torres, M. RocĂo; Borghi, Carlos E.; Giannoni, Stella M.; Pattini, Andrea (May 2003).
2355:
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1282:
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are often found to form burrows. Some other mammals that are known to burrow are the
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559:
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2019:
2004:
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93:
77:. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small
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153:
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1944:
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1341:
637:"First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur"
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1474:
1469:
803:
International
Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
635:
Varricchio, David J.; Martin, Anthony J.; Katsura, Yoshihiro (2007).
327:
construct their burrows in the skin of the infested animal or human.
276:
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173:
121:
78:
66:
586:
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are perhaps most well known for burrowing. Mammal species such as
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and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every
58:
1360:
920:
Old, Julie M.; Lin, Simon H.; Franklin, Michael J. M. (2019).
249:) when fighting, as they may fight from inside their burrows.
1746:
1506:
853:
378:
299:
272:
141:
70:
1258:
Körner, Maximilian; Foitzik, Susanne; Meunier, Joël (2018).
1821:
1526:
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1332:
10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0541:poaaob>2.0.co;2
1312:
486:
408:
382:
344:
332:
324:
125:
1016:
336:
193:
642:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
388:
1230:. New York and London: Plenum Press. pp. 369â416.
772:. New York and London: Plenum Press. pp. 369â416.
252:
Burrows by birds are usually made in soft soils; some
1257:
57:
is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an
2215:
Southern
African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
1191:
407:or use it for their own purpose. Some species of
267:is an example, constructing burrows along coastal
2347:
1017:Fenner, A. L., Bull, C. M. (August 17, 2010),
919:
1376:
65:. Burrows provide a form of shelter against
1240:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1129:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1030:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
782:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
704:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2190:Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
1049:, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
455:Burrows are also commonly preserved in the
2163:History of hard rock miners' organizations
1383:
1369:
1058:
1056:
718:
1340:
1330:
959:
949:
887:
830:
736:
662:
521:
2148:American Society of Reclamation Sciences
1995:North American Aerospace Defense Command
1226:O. J., Reichman, Stan. C. Smith (1990).
768:O. J., Reichman, Stan. C. Smith (1990).
686:O. J., Reichman, Stan. C. Smith (1990).
422:
335:construct burrows in the soil and wood.
293:
103:
40:
16:Underground animal home dug in soft dirt
1062:
1053:
316:
2348:
1152:
1364:
1308:
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1221:
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1215:
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1144:
1142:
1140:
1012:
1010:
112:, with young, emerges from its burrow
99:
628:
389:Excavators, modifiers, and occupants
339:construct burrows in the soil. Some
575:Bears: Their Biology and Management
13:
2088:Journey to the Center of the Earth
1990:Naples underground geothermal zone
1301:
1248:
1212:
1137:
1085:
1065:The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils
1007:
926:) burrows with the use of a drone"
761:
679:
14:
2372:
2361:Shelters built or used by animals
2205:Research Centre for Deep Drilling
2200:International Union of Speleology
1063:Donovan, Stephen K., ed. (1994).
719:Harrington, Monica (April 2014).
450:
922:"Mapping out bare-nosed wombat (
618:Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
313:construct burrows in fine sand.
263:are noted for such burrows. The
243:Adelaide pygmy blue-tongue skink
2195:Institution of Mining Engineers
1960:Underground Great Wall of China
1390:
1185:
1038:
980:
913:
904:
2210:Society of Economic Geologists
2178:National Speleological Society
2128:Wonderland (fictional country)
1279:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.03.021
1117:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.02.003
847:
790:
721:"What a woodchuck could chuck"
712:
609:
566:
515:
489:- a network of badger tunnels.
1:
1635:Subterranean rivers of London
508:
418:
411:make use of burrows built by
49:at the entrance of its burrow
2168:National Mine Map Repository
1610:Jewel Cave National Monument
1155:Journal of Arid Environments
1096:Journal of Arid Environments
279:. Other burrowing birds are
7:
2173:National Mining Association
2000:Raven Rock Mountain Complex
993:National Geographic Society
470:
10:
2377:
2113:Tunnels in popular culture
1955:Underground City, Montreal
1950:Underground City (Beijing)
1895:816 Nuclear Military Plant
1625:Mammoth Cave National Park
1267:Journal of Thermal Biology
25:
18:
2223:
2140:
2065:
2044:
2037:
1920:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
1887:
1664:
1657:
1587:
1405:
1398:
1044:C. Michael Hogan, (2008)
951:10.1186/s12898-019-0257-5
823:10.1016/j.jag.2012.11.007
2286:Underground construction
2158:Cave Research Foundation
204:, members of the family
110:black-tailed prairie dog
26:Not to be confused with
1772:Missile launch facility
1645:Wind Cave National Park
1179:Elsevier Science Direct
974:Elsevier Science Direct
860:Journal of Biogeography
690:. New York and London:
75:biological interactions
36:bureau (disambiguation)
32:borrow (disambiguation)
21:Burrow (disambiguation)
1925:Chicago Tunnel Company
1564:Subterranean waterfall
1175:10.1006/jare.1998.0476
655:10.1098/rspb.2006.0443
438:
357:Examples of burrowing
347:can burrow into rock.
307:
113:
50:
1940:KĆbĂĄnya cellar system
1930:Houston tunnel system
1910:Almadén Mercury Mines
1905:The Caves of ĂgissĂĂ°a
1069:John Wiley & Sons
426:
297:
107:
44:
2335:Subterranean warfare
2108:Subterranea (comics)
2093:Moria (Middle-earth)
2073:Allegory of the cave
2057:Subterranean fiction
1319:Journal of Mammalogy
1194:Australian Zoologist
434:limestone, southern
317:Invertebrate burrows
298:Bird burrows on the
247:Tiliqua adelaidensis
85:species such as the
19:For other uses, see
2291:Tunnel construction
2015:Subterranean Toledo
2010:Subterranean London
1900:Caves of Maastricht
1206:10.7882/AZ.2018.006
1167:1999JArEn..41..127K
1109:2017JArEn.141....7M
942:2019BMCE...19...39O
872:2015JBiog..42.1281W
815:2013IJAEO..23...81W
694:. pp. 369â416.
649:(1616): 1361â1368.
536:1993MarBi.115..133J
2313:Mining engineering
2298:Underground living
2123:Underland (Narnia)
2038:Fictional features
1817:Underground hangar
1559:Subterranean river
1554:Subterranean fauna
1047:Magellanic penguin
544:10.1007/BF00349395
498:Subterranean fauna
439:
308:
265:Magellanic penguin
237:in snow or earth.
233:when it makes its
114:
100:Vertebrate burrows
73:and among various
51:
2343:
2342:
2231:Cave conservation
2136:
2135:
2033:
2032:
1879:Ventilation shaft
1658:Man-made features
1653:
1652:
1228:Current Mammalogy
880:10.1111/jbi.12534
770:Current Mammalogy
738:10.1038/laban.516
688:Current Mammalogy
351:organism itself.
144:(including small
2368:
2308:Mine exploration
2083:Greek Underworld
2042:
2041:
2020:Turda Salt Mines
2005:Shanghai tunnels
1869:Smuggling tunnel
1812:Underground base
1807:Underground city
1722:Dugout (shelter)
1672:Air raid shelter
1662:
1661:
1620:Lechuguilla Cave
1600:Castellana Caves
1569:Underground lake
1403:
1402:
1399:Natural features
1385:
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924:Vombatus ursinus
917:
911:
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866:(7): 1281â1292.
851:
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81:, to very large
47:eastern chipmunk
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2219:
2132:
2061:
2029:
1935:Kosvinsky Kamen
1883:
1742:Fallout shelter
1712:Crypt Mausoleum
1649:
1640:Veryovkina Cave
1630:Reed Flute Cave
1583:
1490:Solutional cave
1438:Communal burrow
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1389:
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587:10.2307/3872578
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503:Communal burrow
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2281:Trench warfare
2278:
2276:Tunnel network
2273:
2271:Tunnel warfare
2268:
2263:
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2224:Related topics
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1980:Mount Yamantau
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1970:Mines of Paris
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1605:Hang SÆĄn ÄoĂČng
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1512:Lava tree mold
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1356:
1325:(2): 541â546.
1300:
1247:
1211:
1200:(3): 409â413.
1184:
1161:(2): 127â145.
1136:
1084:
1077:
1052:
1037:
1006:
979:
912:
903:
846:
809:(100): 81â94.
789:
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711:
678:
627:
608:
565:
530:(1): 133â142.
524:Marine Biology
513:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
484:
479:
472:
469:
461:burrow fossils
452:
451:Fossil burrows
449:
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318:
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101:
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15:
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2266:Civil defense
2264:
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2256:Cave painting
2254:
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2141:Organisations
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1975:Mustang Caves
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1802:Utility vault
1800:
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1787:Rock-cut tomb
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1777:Passage grave
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1732:Earth shelter
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1697:Blast shelter
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1615:Kazumura Cave
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457:fossil record
448:
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430:burrows in a
429:
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405:
404:Pygmy gerbils
401:
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368:
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359:invertebrates
355:
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312:
311:Kangaroo mice
305:
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235:maternity den
232:
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210:great gerbils
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37:
33:
29:
22:
2236:Cave dweller
2098:Nome Kingdom
2052:Hollow Earth
1965:Maginot Line
1864:Storm cellar
1682:Burial vault
1544:Rock shelter
1455:Glacier cave
1427:
1322:
1318:
1270:
1266:
1227:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1177:– via
1158:
1154:
1125:cite journal
1100:
1094:
1087:
1064:
1046:
1040:
1018:
998:. Retrieved
996:. 2012-06-06
991:
982:
972:– via
933:
929:
923:
915:
906:
863:
859:
849:
806:
802:
792:
769:
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728:
724:
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692:Plenum Press
687:
681:
646:
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630:
621:
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611:
578:
574:
568:
527:
523:
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465:trace fossil
463:, a type of
454:
440:
402:and wombat.
392:
356:
353:
349:
320:
309:
251:
246:
186:pygmy rabbit
170:great gerbil
115:
54:
52:
2318:Mole people
2303:Mine rescue
2251:Cave rescue
2241:Cave diving
1985:Mogao Caves
1915:Coober Pedy
1874:Spider hole
1852:Septic tank
1792:Root cellar
1443:Paleoburrow
1392:Subterranea
1342:11336/96235
1273:: 116â122.
930:BMC Ecology
581:: 142â158.
396:prairie dog
375:crustaceans
371:sea urchins
341:sea urchins
302:shore near
285:kingfishers
271:regions of
154:Insectivora
2350:Categories
2330:Speleology
2323:in fiction
2103:Pellucidar
1945:Kome Caves
1595:Balve Cave
1539:Pit crater
1495:Talus cave
1418:Ant colony
1000:2018-01-05
731:(4): 117.
725:Lab Animal
624:: 512â521.
509:References
428:Crustacean
419:Protection
289:bee-eaters
269:Patagonian
256:and other
231:polar bear
225:, such as
223:marsupials
122:amphibians
87:polar bear
83:vertebrate
63:locomotion
2246:Cave gate
2118:Underdark
2066:Exemplars
1888:Exemplars
1827:Wine cave
1702:Catacombs
1588:Exemplars
1485:Show cave
1475:Lava tube
1470:Lava cave
1351:0022-2372
1236:cite book
936:(1): 39.
778:cite book
700:cite book
595:1936-0614
552:1432-1793
413:tortoises
331:and some
277:Argentina
217:like the
215:Carnivora
206:Leporidae
190:armadillo
174:groundhog
164:like the
156:like the
146:dinosaurs
79:amphipods
67:predation
2356:Ethology
1859:Stepwell
1847:Sewerage
1757:Hypogeum
1737:Erdstall
1727:Dry well
1707:Casemate
1687:Borehole
1677:Basement
1549:Sinkhole
1480:Pit Cave
1465:Ice cave
1295:44067573
1287:29801616
1103:: 7â15.
1026:citation
988:"burrow"
970:31533684
898:26877580
841:24817838
755:26461588
747:24651779
673:17374596
560:85234722
471:See also
432:Jurassic
400:aardvark
329:Termites
306:, Russia
261:seabirds
254:penguins
182:pangolin
178:platypus
138:reptiles
134:lungfish
130:dragonet
2153:Bergamt
2078:Batcave
2025:Yaodong
1762:Manhole
1752:Foxhole
1717:Dungeon
1423:Aquifer
1163:Bibcode
1105:Bibcode
961:6749681
938:Bibcode
889:4737218
868:Bibcode
832:4010295
811:Bibcode
664:2176205
603:3872578
532:Bibcode
493:Spreite
367:spiders
363:insects
322:Scabies
281:puffins
258:pelagic
239:Lizards
227:wombats
219:meerkat
202:rabbits
200:. Some
162:rodents
150:Mammals
118:mammals
28:borough
2261:Caving
2183:Grotto
1797:Tunnel
1782:Quarry
1692:Bunker
1579:Warren
1502:Cenote
1460:Grotto
1428:Burrow
1413:Alcove
1349:
1293:
1285:
1075:
968:
958:
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886:
839:
829:
753:
745:
671:
661:
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558:
550:
444:earwig
436:Israel
304:Kstovo
287:, and
221:, and
198:weasel
166:gopher
160:, and
140:, and
94:warren
91:rabbit
59:animal
55:burrow
2045:Types
1747:Fogou
1665:Types
1507:Karst
1406:Types
1291:S2CID
1263:(PDF)
751:S2CID
599:JSTOR
556:S2CID
383:worms
379:clams
345:clams
333:wasps
325:mites
300:Volga
273:Chile
142:birds
71:biome
34:, or
1822:Well
1767:Mine
1527:Nest
1450:Cave
1347:ISSN
1283:PMID
1242:link
1131:link
1073:ISBN
1032:link
966:PMID
894:PMID
837:PMID
784:link
743:PMID
706:link
669:PMID
591:ISSN
548:ISSN
487:Sett
477:Holt
409:bird
381:and
361:are
343:and
337:Ants
275:and
196:and
172:and
158:mole
132:and
126:fish
1532:Bee
1337:hdl
1327:doi
1275:doi
1202:doi
1171:doi
1113:doi
1101:141
956:PMC
946:doi
884:PMC
876:doi
827:PMC
819:doi
733:doi
659:PMC
651:doi
647:274
583:doi
540:doi
528:115
459:as
194:rat
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