Death by burning - Knowledge

1018:. Its aim was to protect Catholic orthodoxy among new converts to Christianity, and retain its hold on the old, particularly against "Judaizing" deviancy. From the 17th century, Europeans were shocked at the tales of how brutal and extensive the activities of the Inquisition were. Modern scholars have established that some 4,046 individuals in the time 1560–1773 received some sort of punishment from the Portuguese Inquisition, of whom 121 persons were condemned to be burned alive; 57 actually suffered that fate, while the rest escaped it, and were burnt in effigy instead. For the Portuguese Inquisition in total, not just at Goa, modern estimates of persons actually executed on its behest is about 1,200, whether burnt alive or not. 2515: 1203: 906: 3081: 2889: 966:. In November 1481, 298 Marranos were burnt publicly at the same place, their property confiscated by the Church. Not all Marranos executed by being burnt at the stake seem to have been burnt alive. If the Jew confessed his heresy, the Church would show mercy, and he would be strangled prior to the burning. Autos-da-fé against Marranos extended beyond the Spanish heartland. In Sicily, in 1511–15, 79 were burnt at the stake, while from 1511 to 1560, 441 Marranos were condemned to be burned alive. In Spanish American colonies, autos-da-fé were held as well. In 1664, a man and his wife were burned alive in 2239:

with patience, the cats flew upon the woman, as the cause of the intense pain they felt.—In about fifteen minutes they had pulled out her entrails, though she continued yet alive, and sensible, imploring, as the greatest favour, an immediate death from the hands of some charitable spectator. No one however dared to afford her the least assistance; and she continued in this wretched situation for the space of thirty-five minutes, and then expired in unspeakable torture. At the time of her death, twelve of the cats were expired, and the other four were all dead in less than two minutes afterwards.

47: 1691: 2939:. The Japanese guards, taking advantage of the POW's being confined in the shelters, then doused the shelter entrances with gasoline before lighting them on fire. They then fired a few shots into the entrances to hit the POWs standing near the entrances in order to use their bodies to trap the other POWs that were deeper inside the shelter and engulf them all in the inferno. Any POW's who did manage to dig themselves out of the trench and escape the flames were hunted down. At the end of the ordeal, only 11 POWs managed to escape to friendly lines. 3018:, Mexico, after he was accused of raping and strangling a local woman to death. Local residents tied Hernandez to a tree, doused him in a flammable liquid and then set him ablaze. His death was also filmed by residents of the village. Shots taken before the killing showed that he had been badly beaten. On 5 September 1996, Mexican television stations broadcast footage of the murder. Locals carried out the killing because they were fed up with crime and believed that the police and courts were both incompetent. Footage was also shown in the 1998 522: 1639:. The manner in which Johannes Thomas was executed on 13 July that year is described as follows: Some feet above the actual pyre, attached to a stake, a wooden chamber had been constructed, into which the delinquent was placed. Pipes or chimneys filled with sulphuric material led up to the chamber, and that was first lit, so that Thomas died from inhaling the sulphuric smoke, rather than being strictly burnt alive, before his body was consumed by the general fire. Some 20,000 people had gathered to watch Thomas' execution. 468: 1188:

specialist research community on witchcraft has reached an agreement for roughly 40,000–50,000 people executed for witchcraft in Europe in total, and by no means all of them executed by being burned alive. Furthermore, it is solidly established that the peak period of witch-hunts was the century 1550–1650, with a slow increase preceding it, from the 15th century onward, as well as a sharp drop following it, with "witch-hunts" having basically fizzled out by the first half of the 18th century.

2108: 405:... the Christian, stripped naked, was forced to put on a garment called the tunica molesta, made of papyrus, smeared on both sides with wax, and was then fastened to a high pole, from the top of which they continued to pour down burning pitch and lard, a spike fastened under the chin preventing the excruciated victim from turning the head to either side, so as to escape the liquid fire, until the whole body, and every part of it, was literally clad and cased in flame. 11655: 1192: 1027: 363: 2341: 2527: 11677: 662: 1525:). Under torture, Petronilla claimed she and her mistress applied a magical ointment to a wooden beam, which enabled both women to fly. She was then forced to proclaim publicly that Lady Alice and her followers were guilty of witchcraft. Some were convicted and whipped, but others, Petronilla included, were burnt at the stake. With the help of relatives, Alice Kyteler fled, taking with her Petronilla's daughter, Basilia. 2285: 11666: 2207: 1148: 1081:, the first burning took place in 1492, and a monk was burnt as late as 1771. The last case in France where two men were condemned by court to be burned alive for engaging in consensual homosexual sex was in 1750 (although, it seems, they were actually strangled prior to being burned). The last case in France where a man was condemned to be burned for a murderous rape of a boy occurred in 1784. 778: 3119:, and hanged by the neck from a chain over the bonfire, slowly burning to death. A postcard from the event still exists, showing a crowd standing next to Washington's charred corpse with the words on the back "This is the barbecue we had last night. My picture is to the left with a cross over it. Your son, Joe". This attracted international condemnation and is remembered as the " 2729:, but that he had allowed her to be hanged first. He pointed out that as the law stood, he himself could have been found guilty of a crime in not carrying out the lawful punishment and, as no woman had been burnt alive in the kingdom for more than half a century, so could all those still alive who had held an official position at all of the previous burnings. The 338:, death by burning was prescribed for ten forms of sexual crimes: the imputed crime of Tamar, namely that a married daughter of a priest commits adultery, and nine versions of relationships considered as incestuous, such as having sex with one's own daughter, or granddaughter, but also having sex with one's mother-in-law or with one's wife's daughter. 495:, is among the most explicit. He says live infants were placed in the arms of a bronze statue, the statue's hands over a brazier, so that the infant slowly rolled into the fire. As it did so, the limbs of the infant contracted and the face was distorted into a sort of laughing grimace, hence called "the act of laughing". Other, later authors such as 2860:. They then lit the oven and slowly roasted the SS guard to death, taking him in and out of the oven several times. Ferencz said to Hofmann that at the time, he was in no position to stop the proceedings of the mob, and frankly admitted that he had not been inclined to try. Hofmann adds, "There seemed to be no limit to human brutality in wartime." 2584:

women of cities that they could capture successfully." It is also said that according to the memorial stone evidence, the practice was carried out in appreciable numbers in western and southern parts of India, and even in some areas, during pre-Islamic times. Some of the rulers and activist of the time sought actively to suppress the practice of

1670: 5096:, testified that James had received his wife's desertion with equanimity, commenting, 'Well, wife, if you cannot live without this sort of thing, do your best to keep things as quiet as possible.' Anne would, indeed, keep her religious beliefs as quiet as possible: for the remainder of her life—even after her death—they remained obfuscated." 639:, but a specific punishment was not made explicit. By the 7th century, however, those found guilty of "dualist heresy" could risk being burned at the stake. Those found guilty of performing magical rites, and corrupting sacred objects in the process, might face death by burning, as evidenced in a 7th-century case. In the 10th century AD, the 2691:, perhaps, more human beings are eaten than anywhere else. A few weeks ago they ate twenty-eight in one day. They had seized their wretched victims while fishing, and brought them alive to Mbau, and there half-killed them, and then put them into their ovens. Some of them made several vain attempts to escape from the scorching flame. 1716:. Concurrently, a slave named Jack, convicted in a separate arson case, was hanged at a nearby gallows, and after death his body was thrown into the fire with that of Maria. Second, in 1755, a group of slaves had conspired and killed their owner, with servants Mark and Phillis executed for his murder. Mark was hanged and his body 414:

had corrupted their female wards and led them to sexual encounters would have molten lead poured down their throats. In the same year, Constantine also passed a law that said if a woman had sexual relations with her own slave, both would be subjected to capital punishment, the slave by burning (if the slave himself reported the

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leaves and earth, to be roasted alive. When cooked, he is taken out of the oven and, his face and other parts being painted black, that he may resemble a living man ornamented for a feast or for war, he is carried to the temple of the gods and, being still retained in a sitting posture, is offered as a propitiatory sacrifice.

445:, mentions that arsonists are typically burnt, as well as slaves who have conspired against the well-being of their masters (this last also, on occasion, being meted out to free persons of "low rank"). The punishment of burning alive arsonists (and traitors) seems to have been particularly ancient; it was included in the 1394:, for the murder of one's lawful superior, including that of a husband by his wife. Commenting on the 18th-century execution practice, Frank McLynn says that most convicts condemned to burning were not burnt alive, and that the executioners made sure the women were dead before consigning them to the flames. 2583:

now acquired a new meaning as a means to preserve the honour of women whose men had been slain. As S. S. Sashi lays out the argument, "The argument is that the practice came into effect during the Islamic invasion of India, to protect their honor from Muslims who were known to commit mass rape on the

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left in her place. Her husband claimed to have slain only the changeling. The gruesome nature of the case prompted extensive press coverage. The trial was closely followed by newspapers in both Ireland and Britain. As one reviewer commented, nobody, with the possible exception of the presiding judge,

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The fuel being placed round her, and lighted with a torch, she begg'd for the sake of Jesus, to be strangled first: whereupon the Executioner drew tight the halter, but the flame coming to his hand in the space of a second, he let it go, when she gave three dreadful shrieks; but the flames taking her

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burned in Europe" has been bandied about in popular accounts and media, but has never had a following among specialist researchers. Today, based on meticulous study of trial records, ecclesiastical and inquisitorial registers and so on, as well as on the utilization of modern statistical methods, the

860:, stealing Christian children to be tortured and killed by other Jews, poisoning 13 people and poisoning wells. He was lashed to a pillar in such a way that he could run about it. Then, a ring of glowing coal was made around him, and gradually pushed ever closer to him, until he was roasted to death. 413:

promulgated a law that increased the penalties for parentally non-sanctioned "abduction" of their girls, and concomitant sexual intercourse/rape. The man would be burnt alive without the possibility of appeal, and the girl would receive the same treatment if she had participated willingly. Nurses who

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The fifth day of my staying here, I saw a Spanish soldier and a Maltezen boy burnt in ashes, for the public profession of sodomy; and long before night, there were above an hundred bardassoes, whorish boys, that fled away to Sicily in a galliot, for fear of fire; but never one bugeron stirred, being

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child sacrifice, and that estimated figures of ancient natural infant mortality (with cremation afterwards and reverent separate burial) might be the real historical basis behind the hostile reporting from non-Carthaginians. A late charge of the imputed sacrifice is found by the North African bishop

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When about to be immolated, he is made to sit on the ground with his feet under his thighs and his hands placed before him. He is then bound so that he cannot move a limb or a joint. In this posture he is placed on stones heated for the occasion (and some of them are red-hot), and then covered with

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However cruel this execution may appear with regard to the poor animals, it certainly cannot be thought too severe a punishment for such a monster of iniquity, as could calmly proceed in acquiring a fortune by the deliberate murder of such numbers of unoffending, harmless innocents. And if a method

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say the throats of the infants were generally cut before they were placed in the statue's embrace In the vicinity of ancient Carthage, large scale graveyards containing the incinerated remains of infants, typically up to the age of 3, have been found; such graves are called "tophets". However, some

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of tissue, and shrinkage (especially of the skin). Internal organs may be shrunken due to fluid loss. Shrinkage and contraction of the muscles may cause joints to flex and the body to adopt the "pugilistic stance" (boxer stance), with the elbows and knees flexed and the fists clenched. Shrinkage of

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The Spanish in 16th-century Americas gave horrified reports that the Spanish who had been captured by the natives (who had learnt of the Spanish thirst for gold) had their feet and hands bound, and then molten gold poured down their throats as the victims were mocked: "Eat, eat gold, Christians".

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A gibbet was erected, under which a fire was made, and the prisoner being brought to the place of execution, was hung up in a large iron cage, in which were also placed sixteen wild cats, which had been catched in the woods for the purpose.—When the heat of the fire became too great to be endured

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in September 1821, European officers were horrified to note that not only were Muslims suspected of hiding money being slowly roasted after having had their arms and legs cut off but also, in one instance, three Muslim children were roasted over a fire while their parents were forced to watch. On

959:) estimated that 2,000 people were burned at the stake between 1478 and 1490. Estimates ranging from 30,000 to 50,000 burnt at the stake (alive or not) at the behest of the Spanish Inquisition during its 300 years of activity have previously been given and are still to be found in popular books. 349:

The obligatory procedure for execution by burning: They immersed him in dung up to his knees, rolled a rough cloth into a soft one and wound it about his neck. One pulled it one way, one the other until he opened his mouth. Thereupon one ignites the (lead) wick and throws it in his mouth, and it

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specifies several crimes in which death by burning was thought appropriate. Looters of houses on fire could be cast into the flames, and priestesses who abandoned cloisters and began frequenting inns and taverns could also be punished by being burnt alive. Furthermore, a man who began committing

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In a few English 18th- and 19th-century newspapers and magazines, a tale was circulated about the particularly brutal manner in which a French midwife was put to death on 28 May 1673 in Paris. No fewer than 62 infant skeletons were found buried on her premises, and she was condemned on multiple

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between 1550 and 1595, just 20 were executed seems at odds with the English government's state papers which claim that, while at war with Spain, they received a report from Seville of 17 June 1593 that over 70 of the richest men of Granada were burnt. As late as 1728 as many as 45 Moriscos were

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on 15 December 2009. The mob alleged that Torres had attempted to rob passengers on a bus. Torres was beaten, doused with gasoline, and set on fire, but was able to put the fire out before sustaining life-threatening burns. Police intervened and arrested Torres. Torres was forced to go topless

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Just prior to my first arrival in Persia, the "Hissam-u-Sultaneh", another uncle of the king, had burned a priest to death for a horrible crime and murder; the priest was chained to a stake, and the matting from the mosques piled on him to a great height, the pile of mats was lighted and burnt

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The previous cases concern primarily death by burning through contact with open fire or burning material; a slightly different principle is to enclose an individual within, or attach him to, a metal contraption which is subsequently heated. In the following, some reports of such incidents, or

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Slightly later, in Book 6, chapter 19, Caesar also says the Celts perform, on the occasion of death of great men, the funeral sacrifice on the pyre of living slaves and dependents ascertained to have been "beloved by them". Earlier on, in Book 1, chapter 4, he relates of the conspiracy of the

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and, apparently, restricted to the burning of royal widows. This practice is probably resulted from the spread of Hindu culture into Southeast Asia. Although the Dutch colonial authorities had banned the practice, one such occasion is attested as late as in 1903, probably for the last time.

3174:, stated, "With our boxes of matches, and our necklaces, we shall liberate this country", which was widely seen as an explicit endorsement of necklacing. This caused the ANC to initially distance itself from her, although she later took on a number of official positions within the party. 2603:

represents that the practice was much more common here than elsewhere, recorded numbers typically in the range 500–600 per year, up to the year 1829, when Company authorities banned the practice. Since the 19th and 20th centuries, the practice remains outlawed in the Indian subcontinent.

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army barracks alongside one of his comrades, Nora Paíz Cárcamo. The two were interrogated, tortured for four days, and burned alive. Other reported instances of immolation by Guatemalan government forces occurred in the Guatemalan government's rural counterinsurgency operations in the

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Roter Hahn und Rotes Kreuz: Chronik der Geschichte des Feuerlösch- und Rettungswesens; von den syphonari der römischen Kaiser über die dienenden Brüder der Hospitaliter-Ritterorden bis zu Feuerwehren und Katastrophenschutz, Sanitäts- und Samariterdiensten in der ersten Hälfte des 20.

1069:. Here, if public repentance were done, the death penalty might be avoided. In Spain, the earliest records for executions for the crime of sodomy are from the 13th to 14th centuries, and it is noted there that the preferred mode of execution was death by burning. The Partidas of King 2421:

According to historian Pushpa Sharma, stealing a horse was considered the most heinous offence within the Mongol army, and the criminal would either have molten lead poured into his ears, or alternatively, his punishment would be the breaking of the spinal cord or beheading.

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I cut off their hands, I burned them with fire, a pile of the living men and of heads over against the city gate I set up, men I impaled on stakes, the city I destroyed and devastated, I turned it into mounds and ruin heaps, the young men and the maidens in the fire I

2645:, abortion was not used at all (in contrast to among the other tribes), and that furthermore, if two young unwed individuals had sex resulting in pregnancy, then both the girl and the boy were "taken out to the bush, bound up in bundles of grass and ... burnt alive." 2019:, wrote that whenever capital crimes were committed either by Christian slaves or Jews, the Christian or Jew was to be burnt alive. Several generations later, in Morocco in 1772, a Jewish interpreter for the British, and a merchant in his own right, sought from the 1348:

on 11 April 1612. Although cases can be found of burning heretics in the 16th and 17th centuries in England, that penalty for heretics was historically relatively new. It did not exist in 14th-century England, and when the bishops in England petitioned King

876:, people became convinced that the local lepers had poisoned the wells, causing ill-health among the normal populace. The lepers were rounded up and burned alive. The action against the lepers had repercussions throughout France, not least because King 2856:, narrated them to Tom Hofmann, a family member and biographer. Ferencz was outraged at what the Nazis had done there. When people discovered an SS guard who attempted to flee, they tied him to one of the metal trays used to transport bodies into the 2135:. As the story goes, the first victim of the bull was its constructor Perillos himself. The historian George Grote was among those regarding this story as having sufficient evidence behind it to be true, and points particularly to that the Greek poet 2089:

Although not burning with the use of fire, a practice was documented in 19th-century Malaya of sewing a live human in a buffalo hide and left it exposed to the burning sun which caused the hide to shrink and led the person to be squeezed to death.

692:. Burning heretics had become customary practice in the latter half of the twelfth century in continental Europe, and death by burning became statutory punishment from the early 13th century. Death by burning for heretics was made positive law by 2065:

in 1668, the government took severe measures against those trying to profiteer from the misfortune of the populace. Restaurant owners found guilty of profiteering were slowly roasted on spits, and greedy bakers were baked in their own ovens.

327:—the widow of his son, living in her father's household—to be burned when she is believed to have become pregnant via extramarital sexual relations. Tamar saves herself by proving that Judah is himself the father of her child. In the 2034:, the Jewish Rabbi Mordecai Narboni was accused of having maligned Islam in a quarrel with his neighbour. He was ordered to be burnt alive unless he converted to Islam, but he refused and was therefore executed on 14 July 1794. 1397:

The last person condemned to death for "petty treason" was Mary Bailey, whose body was burned in 1784. The last woman to be convicted for "high treason", and have her body burnt, in this case for the crime of coin forgery, was

3336:, or other flammable liquid, and set alight, leading to death by fire. Kerosene is often used as the cooking fuel for small petrol stoves, some of which being dangerous, so it allows the claim that the crime was an accident. 6503:

Per A. Rudling, "Terror and Local Collaboration in Occupied Belorussia: The Case of Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118. Part One: Background", Historical Yearbook of the Nicolae Iorga History Institute (Bucharest) 8 (2011), pp.

281:, paragraph 40 in a preserved law text concerns the obligatory unveiled face for the professional prostitute, and the concomitant punishment if she violated that by veiling herself (the way wives were to dress in public): 1476:

and Petronilla of being her accomplice. Petronilla was tortured and forced to proclaim that she and Kyteler were guilty of witchcraft. Petronilla was then flogged and eventually burnt at the stake on 3 November 1324, in

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on all sides, she was heard no more; and the Executioner throwing a piece of timber into the Fire, it broke her skull, when her brains came plentifully out; and in about an hour more she was entirely reduced to ashes.

1297:, the mainland part of Denmark, more than half the recorded cases of witchcraft in the 16th and 17th centuries occurred after 1617. Rough estimates says about a thousand persons were executed due to convictions for 1058:; often, the prescribed punishment was that of death by burning. Many scholars think that the first time death by burning appeared within explicit codes of law for the crime of sodomy was at the ecclesiastical 1120 1380:

For as the decency due to sex forbids the exposing and public mangling of their bodies, their sentence (which is to the full as terrible to sensation as the other) is to be drawn to the gallows and there be burned

3158:(or gasoline) and place it around the neck of a live person. The fuel was then ignited, the rubber melted, and the victim burnt to death. The method was most commonly used during the 1980s and early 1990s by anti- 8279:

Foxe's book of martyrs: a complete and authentic account of the lives, sufferings, and triumphant deaths of the primitive and Protestant martyrs in all parts of the world, with notes, comments and illustrations

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are recorded: in 1514, in the Americas, Francis of Córdoba and five companions were, reportedly, caught, impaled on spits, roasted and eaten by the natives. In 1543, such was also the end of a previous bishop,

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However, as described in Camille Naish's "Death Comes to the Maiden", in practice, the woman's clothing would burn away at the beginning, and she would be left naked anyway. There were two types of treason:

331:, the same story is told, with some differences. In Genesis, Judah is exercising his patriarchal power at a distance, whereas he and the relatives seem more actively involved in Tamar's impending execution. 2446:

The body is like a poisonous plant; it would really be right to burn it and extinguish its life. I have been weary of this physical frame for many a long day. I vow to worship the buddhas, just like Xijian.

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of such as have been taken in theft, or in robbery, or any other offence, is more acceptable to the immortal gods; but when a supply of that class is wanting, they have recourse to the oblation of even the

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There are demonic people ... who pour on oil, stack up firewood, and burn their bodies while still alive. Those who look on are overawed and consider it the attainment of enlightenment. This is erroneous.

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THOSE that can be proved after Circumcision to have revolted, are stripped quite naked, then anointed with Tallow, and with a Chain about the Body, brought to the Place of Execution, where they are burnt.

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was assassinated, the non-nobles who had participated in the plot were burned alive, because the Egyptians believed that without a physical body, one could not enter the afterlife. This would explain why

2119:, which is a hollow metal structure shaped like a bull within which the condemned is put, and then roasted alive as the metal bull is gradually heated up, is the one allegedly constructed by Perillos of 1701:

North Americans often used burning as a form of execution, against members of other tribes or white settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries. Roasting over a slow fire was a customary method. (See

1509:, which accusations came principally from her stepchildren, the children of her late husbands by their previous marriages. The trial predated any formal witchcraft statute in Ireland, thus relying on 10224: 1712:, there are two known cases of burning at the stake. First, in 1681, a slave named Maria tried to kill her owner by setting his house on fire. She was convicted of arson and burned at the stake in 2053:. During his short, violent reign he seized the two interpreters for the Dutch and English consuls, both of them Jews, and roasted them over a slow fire, on charges of conspiracy and espionage. 1406:

in 1726, for the murder of her husband. In this case, one account says this happened because the executioner accidentally set fire to the pyre before he had hanged Hayes properly. The historian

1739:, a black slave, was sentenced to being burned alive for an arson which destroyed 45 homes and a hospital in 1734. The sentence was commuted on appeal to burning after death by strangulation. 4831:

Avvakum and three fellow prisoners were led from their icy cells to an elaborate pyre of pinewood billets and there burned alive. The tsar had finally rid himself of "this turbulent priest"

837:. In 1349, as panic grew along with the increasing death toll from the plague, general massacres, but also specifically mass burnings, began to occur. Six hundred Jews were burnt alive in 10738:

Winroth, Anders; Müller, Wolfgang P. (ed.); Sommar, Mary E.(ed.) (2006). "Neither Slave Nor Free:Theology and Law in Gratian's Thoughts on the Definition of Marriage and Unfree Persons".

5642:(2017), "Attituded to the Use of Fire in Executions in Late Antiquity and Early Islam: The Burning of Heretics abd Rebels in Lay Umayyad IraqA." In I. Kristó-Nagy & R. Gleave (Eds.), 1829:

were found complicit of murdering a white man. Eight of them had first their right arms chopped off, and were then burned alive bound to stakes, according to the report of an eyewitness.

173:, after which the skin does not hurt. Many victims die quickly from suffocation as hot gases damage the respiratory tract. Those who survive the burning frequently die within days as the 7295: 2248:

of executing murderers, in a manner somewhat similar to this was adapted in England, perhaps the horrid crime of murder might not so frequently disgrace the annals of the present times.

2270: 5081:(2003), pp. 24–25 "Catholic foreign ambassadors—who would surely have welcomed such a situation—were certain that the Queen was beyond their reach. 'She is a Lutheran', concluded the 3293:, Syria, during a mission against IS in December 2014. This became known on 4 February 2015 after ISIS published a 22-minute video online showing the burning of a Jordanian pilot. 1317: 1986:, where he publicly condemned them to death. While preparing the fire for their execution, Fahreddin accidentally set fire to his beard. However, the Hurufis were burnt to death. 1642:

Although Thomas is regarded as the last to have been actually executed by means of fire (in this case, through suffocation), the couple Johann Christoph Peter Horst and his lover

2402:. Some monarchs had ordained pouring molten lead down the throats of those who drank, "but it has been found necessary to relax this severity, in order to conciliate the army." 1836:, enslaved Africans found guilty of committing crimes were sometimes punished by being burnt at the stake, particularly if the crime was attempting to foment a slave rebellion. 1135:, and sexual acts "contrary to nature". Also, those guilty of aggravated theft of sacred objects from a church could be condemned to be burnt alive. Only those found guilty of 1884:

in the 13th century. In 1243, two English monks, Brothers Rodulph and Berengarius, after having secured the release of some 60 captives, were charged with being spies for the

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propound their doctrines. Considering these heretical, he reviled them with curses. The Hurufis fled to the Sultan, but Fahreddin's denunciation of them was so virulent that

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freely, but when the mats were consumed the priest was found groaning, but still alive. The executioner went to Hissam-u-Sultaneh who ordered him to obtain more mats, pour

1746:, several burnings at the stake are recorded, particularly following suspected slave revolt plots. In 1708, one woman was burnt and one man hanged. In the aftermath of the 1646:, who had made a career of robberies in the confusion made by their acts of arson, were condemned to be burnt alive in Berlin 28 May 1813. They were, however, according to 1353:

to institute death by burning for heretics in 1397, he flatly refused, and no one was burnt for heresy during his reign. Just one year after his death, however, in 1401,

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throughout the ordeal and subsequent arrest, and many photographs were taken and published. Approximately 219 people were lynched in Guatemala in 2009, of whom 45 died.

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Kurze Geschichte des Criminal-Prozesses wider den Brandstifter Johann Christoph Peter Horst, und dessen Geliebte, die unverehelichte Friederike Louise Christiane Delitz

3072:. The two were searched and beaten before being doused in gasoline and burned alive by Chilean troops. Rojas was killed, while Quintana survived but with severe burns. 2935:. To prevent the rescue of the POW's by liberating American forces, the 150 American POW's in the Palawan prison camp; Camp 10-A were herded into air raid shelters via 11284: 2143:

conquered Agrigentum. The story of a brazen bull as an execution device is not unique. About 1,000 years later in 497 AD, it can be read in an old chronicle about the

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in May 1945, a Czech mob hanged several Germans upside down on lampposts, doused them in fuel and set them on fire, burning them alive. The future literature scholar

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Similarly, he notes that non-Muslims entering mosques or being blasphemous against Islam will be burnt, unless they convert to Islam. The chaplain for the English in

7477: 4624: 3201:. Armenian children would be herded into a building to a secluded area outside the city in batches, doused in gasoline, and lit on fire. This practice took place in 2916:, immolation was a commonly used method of execution and brutality towards the Chinese people in Nanjing during the Imperial Japanese Army's occupation of the city. 5077:(1997), p. 15 "The Queen ... from her native Lutheranism to a discreet, but still politically embarrassing Catholicism which alienated many ministers of the Kirk" 3765:, for free citizens aiding and abetting in the abduction, to an unspecified "capital punishment". The full severity of the law was to be kept, however, for slaves. 1661:

to be burned alive were given in several cases in different German states afterwards, such as in cases from 1814, 1821, 1823, 1829 and finally in a case from 1835.

8389: 6725: 3243:, was convicted of leading the gang that murdered Staines and his sons, and was sentenced to life in prison. Staines had worked in Odisha with the tribal poor and 2818:

Adolf Diekmann—commander of the 1st Battalion, 4th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment—ordered the massacre, claiming retaliation against French partisans for burning SS-

1951: 1868:. He himself escaped, though, and later was reconverted to Islam, but many of his rebel followers were burnt to death; his mother chose to embrace the same fate. 606:

denouncing an alleged practice among the Prussians, that girls were dressed in fresh flowers and wreaths and were then burned alive as offerings to evil spirits.

5089:(2003), p. 182 "In 1602 a report appeared, claiming that Anne ... had converted to the Catholic faith some years before. The author of this report, the Scottish 1844:

The sources may manifest religious, legal, and political ideas quite an evolution from the chronological aspect and different from those that prevailed in early

1410:

has assembled a number of contemporary newspaper reports on the actual death of Mrs. Hayes, internally somewhat divergent. The following excerpt is one example:

4794:

Apparently, Grenadier had been promised to be strangled prior to his burning, but his executioners reneged on that promise as he was fastened to the stake. See

3343:. The police confirmed the woman was alive before being covered in an accelerant and set on fire. Sharma's husband, Davesh Sharma, was charged with her murder. 2382:

would not tolerate inebriation among his subjects, and would pour molten lead down the mouths of those caught in that condition. Similarly, in the 17th-century

2139:, working just one or two generations after the times of Phalaris, refers to the brazen bull. A bronze bull was, in fact, one of the spoils of victory when the 1621: 2178:. On 26 March 1437 Stewart had a red hot iron crown placed upon his head, was cut in pieces alive, his heart was taken out, and then thrown in a fire. A papal 884:

alone, 160 Jews were burnt alive. All in all, around 5,000 lepers and Jews are recorded in one tradition to have been killed during the Lepers' Plot hysteria.

269:, the prince whose mother instigated the would-be coup, was most likely strangled or hanged himself; as a royal, he would have been spared this ultimate fate. 10215: 5239: 5205: 4514:, a church robber had his right hand cut off, and the stump covered in pitch. Then, the pitch was ignited, and the person was burnt alive on a pyre as well. 5073:(1963), p. 95 "Some time after 1600, but well before March 1603, Queen Anne was received into the Catholic Church in a secret chamber in the royal palace" 1073:

condemned sodomites to be castrated and hung upside down to die from the bleeding, following the Old Testament phrase "their blood shall be upon them". At

2469:

In the first half of the 17th century, Japanese authorities sporadically persecuted Christians, with some executions seeing persons being burnt alive. At

6272: 3227:, and his two sons Philip (aged ten) and Timothy (aged six), were burnt to death by a gang while the three slept in the family car (a station wagon), at 725:

act, which can be loosely translated as "Regarding the burning of heretics." Lollard persecution would continue for over a hundred years in England. The

9883:

The History of Lynn: Civil, Ecclesiastical, Political, Commercial, Biographical, Municipal, and Military, from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time

7235: 2023:

restitution for some goods confiscated, and was burnt alive for his impertinence. His widow made her woes clear in a letter to the British government.

914: 297:, mass executions seem to have been not only designed to instill terror and to enforce obedience, but also as proof of their might. Neo-Assyrian King 2221:, and was captured in 1514. He was bound to a glowing iron throne and a likewise hot iron crown was placed on his head, and he was roasted to death. 285:

A prostitute shall not be veiled. Whoever sees a veiled prostitute shall seize her ... and bring her to the palace entrance. ... they shall pour hot

7095: 5169: 1551:

was convicted of murdering shoemaker John Dowling in 1760 and burned at the stake in Dublin on 7 January 1761. Later legends claimed that she was a

7533: 6463:

Zur Geschichte der Ordnungspolizei 1936–1942, Teil II, Georg Tessin, Dies Satbe und Truppeneinheiten der Ordnungspolizei, Koblenz 1957, s. 172–173

2955:

is a common form of murder used by drug dealers to punish those who have supposedly collaborated with the police. This form of burning is called

2291:(left) imprisons Caliph Al-Musta'sim among his treasures to starve him to death (medieval depiction from "Le livre des merveilles", 15th century) 8043: 3879: 1175:

should be treated as a criminal offence, and if it purported to inflict injury upon any person the witch was to be burnt at the stake. In 1572,

11217: 8954:

A Contemporary Narrative of the Proceedings Against Dame Alice Kyteler, Prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324, by Richard de Ledrede, Bishop of Ossory

7460:

The Malayan Peninsula: Embracing Its History, Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants, Politics, Natural History, Etc. from Its Earliest Records

653:, the stuffing of the convict into a leather sack, along with a rooster, a viper, a dog and a monkey, and then throwing the sack into the sea. 7313: 11018: 10958: 236:(r. 1971–1926 BC) is said to have rounded up the rebels in campaign, and burnt them as human torches. Under the civil war flaring under 10941: 6647: 1050:

From the 12th to the 18th centuries, various European authorities legislated (and held judicial proceedings) against sexual crimes such as

5990:

ambassadors and thus given Genghis Khan cause to invade), had the molten gold poured into his eyes and ears, rather than down his throat.

2576: 5187: 3130:, a number of inmates were burnt to death by fellow prisoners, who threw flammable liquids into locked cells and ignited the fuel using 3115:, after having been convicted of the rape and subsequent murder of a white woman, was taken by a mob to a bonfire, castrated, doused in 1570:

woman, was burnt by her husband and others, the stated motive for the crime being the belief that the real Bridget had been abducted by

3304: 830: 8380:

Sammlung sämmtlicher Verordnungen, welche bis Ende 1833 in den von Kamptz'schen Jahrbüchern für Preußische Gesetzgebung enthalten sind

2390:(r. 1607–36) is said to have poured molten lead into the mouths of at least two drunken subjects. Military discipline in 19th-century 244:

showed no mercy, and burned several rebels alive. On the statute books, at least, women committing adultery might be burned to death.

11362: 9933:

Salomon, H.P.; Sassoon, I.S.D.; Saraiva, Antonio Jose (2001). "Appendix Four: The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa (India), 1561–1812".

8725:

John, Barbara; Pope, Robert (ed.) (2003). "An Examination of the Origins and Development of the Legend of the Jewish Mass Poisoner".

6619:

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (n.d.). Gardelegen. United States holocaust memorial museum. Retrieved 14 August 2022, from

2790: 1822:. Apparently, some of the defeated rebels were burned alive, while others were gibbeted alive, left to die of thirst and starvation. 6665: 1446:

in 1727, condemned to death for using her own daughter as a flying horse in order to travel. Horne was burnt alive in a tar barrel.

6737: 2869: 1946: 1084:

Crackdowns and the public burning of a homosexual couple sometimes led others to flee out of fear of a similar fate. The traveller

6989: 2986:

and security forces carried out an unknown number of extrajudicial killings by burning. In one instance in March 1967, Guatemalan

11571: 11289: 6838: 1184: 781:

Representation of a massacre of the Jews in the 1349 Anti-Jew riots, that was justified by allegations that Jews were behind the

441:

said that enemies of the state and deserters to the enemy were to be burned alive. His rough contemporary, the juristical writer

10838:

Yang, Anand A.; Sarkar, Sumit (ed.); Sarkar, Tanika (ed.) (2008). "Whose Sati?Widow-Burning in early Nineteenth Century India".

8728:

Honouring the Past and Shaping the Future: Religious and Biblical Studies in Wales : Essays in Honour of Gareth Lloyd Jones

7874:

Coward, D.A; Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.); Donaldson, Stephen (ed.) (1992). "Attitudes to Homosexuality in Eighteenth Century France".

6219: 1427:(later James I of England) shared the Danish king's interest in witch trials. This special interest of the king resulted in the 6927: 1631:, the last case he knew of where a person had been judicially burned alive on account of arson in Germany happened in 1804, in 1085: 9616: 6910:

Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 1987–1988. Case # 01a/88; Case 9755. Chile, 12 September 1988.

6699: 4667: 1888:, and were burnt alive on 9 September. In 1262, Brothers Patrick and William, again having freed captives, but also sought to 11264: 9488: 2363:) stated that those who have defrauded the public treasury could have either molten gold or silver poured down their throat. 1262: 8835:

Codex Judaica: Chronological Index of Jewish History, Covering 5,764 Years of Biblical, Talmudic & Post-Talmudic History

6596: 1750:, 20 people were burnt (one of the leaders slowly roasted, before he died after 10 hours of torture) and during the alleged 11294: 3286: 2932: 2356: 8203: 7349: 6478: 3435: 994:

recorded as having been burned for heresy. In the May 1691 "bonfire of the Jews", Rafael Valls, Rafael Benito Terongi and

880:

issued an order to arrest all lepers, those found guilty to be burnt alive. Jews became tangentially included as well; at

11721: 3041:, Guatemala, by a vigilante mob after being accused of involvement in the killing of a taxi driver earlier in the month. 2746: 1431:, which led more than seventy people to be accused of witchcraft. James sailed in 1590 to Denmark to meet his betrothed, 719:

began to be seen as a threat to the establishment, and draconic punishments were enacted. In 1401, Parliament passed the

8292: 6795: 1864:

set himself up as a prophet in 630 AD. Tulayha had a strong following which was, however, soon quashed in the so-called

578:, for which the customary penalty would be burning to death. It is said Orgetorix committed suicide to avoid that fate. 11726: 10892: 10849: 10828: 10807: 10749: 10662: 10641: 10620: 10599: 10578: 10555: 10494: 10412: 10372: 10351: 10330: 10277: 10256: 10163: 10140: 10068: 10047: 10018: 9995: 9974: 9942: 9923: 9902: 9870: 9849: 9828: 9807: 9784: 9743: 9722: 9701: 9680: 9659: 9594: 9573: 9552: 9477: 9456: 9336: 9313: 9266: 9234: 9213: 9179: 9158: 9137: 9105: 9084: 9032: 8991: 8906: 8843: 8822: 8788: 8736: 8715: 8686: 8625: 8606: 8560: 8508: 8464: 8443: 8422: 8367: 8346: 8325: 8235: 8192: 8171: 8139: 8087: 8032: 7991: 7968: 7947: 7885: 7845: 7813: 7792: 7767: 7729: 7677: 7611: 7573: 7552: 7504: 7435: 7414: 7262: 6604: 6197: 4288: 3595: 3419: 3127: 2773:

In 1941, Polish natives—in cooperation with Nazi German police—locked 340 Jews in a barn and set it on fire during the

2016: 1896:, were burnt alive in Morocco. In 1271, 11 Catholic monks were burnt alive in Tunis. Several other cases are reported. 985:, since the actual individuals had managed to flee. During the 1540s, some 232 Moriscos were paraded in autos-da-fé in 17: 5224: 1357:

was burnt alive for heresy. Death by burning for heresy was formally abolished by Parliament during the reign of King

9054: 8530: 7145: 5289: 3362: 2827: 1970:, particularly Mahmut Paşa, who then consulted Mevlana Fahreddin. Fahreddin hid in the Sultan's palace and heard the 989:; five of those were burnt at the stake. The claim that out of 917 Moriscos appearing in autos of the Inquisition in 10483:

Trenchard-Smith, Margaret; Turner, Wendy (ed.) (2010). "Insanity, Exculpation and Disempowerment in Byzantine Law".

948:

Estimates of how many were executed on behest of the Spanish Inquisition have been offered from early on; historian

513:, who says that child sacrifices were still carried out, in secret, in the countryside at his time, 3rd century AD. 10934: 5983: 2722: 2714: 1702: 1399: 1293:(r. 1588–1648) encouraged the practice of burning witches, in particular by the law against witchcraft in 1617. In 697: 560:

they fill with living men, which being set on fire, the men perish enveloped in the flames. They consider that the

11352: 11269: 7076: 6565: 1907:, i.e. the act of converting to another religion, was (and remains so in a few countries) punishable with death. 1168: 1124: 1077:, the first recorded burning of sodomites occurred in 1555, and up to 1678, some two dozen met the same fate. In 10455: 6268: 4731: 2514: 1674: 1164: 11327: 10717: 10391: 10307: 8648: 8487: 7926: 7864: 6514: 6488: 6287:

These statistics are further researched and discussed by other scholars, for their reliability (in particular,

5616: 5477: 5093: 3240: 2786: 2171: 1791:(a person who was privately practicing the Jewish faith after having publicly converted to Roman Catholicism). 738: 6889: 169:

The amount of pain experienced is greatest at the beginning of the burning process before the flame burns the

11212: 10538:

Twenty-nine years in the West Indies and Central Africa: a review of missionary work and adventure. 1829–1858

7361: 6744:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Federação Nacional dos Policiais Federais. 18 September 2008. Archived from 4501:

specified as men or women found guilty of same-sex sexual behaviour or guilty of having had sex with animals.

4283:

List And Analysis of State Papers Foreign, Jul 1593 – Dec 1594. v. 5; p. 444 (595): by Public Record Office (

3247:

since 1965. Some Hindu groups made allegations that Staines had forcibly converted or lured many Hindus into

3096: 3038: 1747: 1650:, secretly strangled just prior to being burnt, namely when their arms and legs were tied fast to the stake. 1439:

around 1598, although historians are divided on whether she ever was received into the Roman Catholic faith.

1120: 10233: 7493:

Ben-Menahem, Hanina (author, ed.); Edrei, Arye (ed.); Hecht, Neil S. (ed.) (2012). "3, Exigency Authority".

5427: 2789:—a Nazi-sponsored battalion of Ukrainian partisans—locked 149 villagers into a shed and set it on fire. The 2273:, and executed him by pouring molten gold down his throat. A popular but unsubstantiated rumor also had the 1202: 925:

was established in 1478, with the aim of preserving Catholic orthodoxy; some of its principal targets were "

475:

Beginning in the early 3rd century BC, Greek and Roman writers commented on the purported institutionalized

248:, however, did not think capital judicial punishments were often carried out, pointing to the fact that the 7041: 5832: 3515: 3372: 3194: 3084: 2800: 2413:, and apparently in 1634, he prescribed the punishment of pouring molten lead into the throats of smokers. 1035: 887:

The charge of the lepers' plot was not wholly confined to France; extant records from England show that on

433:

In the 6th-century collection of the sayings and rulings of the pre-eminent jurists from earlier ages, the

301:(r. 883–859 BC) was evidently proud enough of his executions that he committed them to monument as follows: 9565:

Witch Hunts in the Western World: Persecution and Punishment from the Inquisition Through the Salem Trials

8359:

Chartularies of St Mary's Abbey, Dublin: With the Register of Its House at Dunbrody, and Annals of Ireland

6953: 6540: 2695:

The actual manner of the roasting process was described by the missionary pioneer David Cargill, in 1838:

1167:, although hanging was the preferred style of execution in England and Wales. The penal code known as the 11139: 10927: 5466: 5339:

For a similar, more modern assessment, as well as locating the incident to Hötzelsroda, see Dietze (1995)

4610:

giving any quantification at all but, when pushed, typically landed on about 100,000 to 1 million victims

3785: 1751: 1369: 1365: 1340:, who publicly denied the Trinity and the divinity of Christ was the last person burned at the stake for 1176: 449:, a mid-5th-century BC law code, that is, about 700 years prior to the times of Ulpian and Callistratus. 6710: 3339:

On 20 January 2011, a 28-year-old woman, Ranjeeta Sharma, was found burning to death on a road in rural

2442:. One monk who immolated himself in 527 AD explained his intent a year before, in the following manner: 11701: 11279: 9349:

Catalogue of the ... library of ... George Nassau, which will be sold by auction, by mr. Evans, Feb. 16

3913: 3868: 2853: 2807: 1591:

in the 1820s contained several instances of death by burning. When the Greeks in April 1821 captured a

1428: 1403: 726: 544:

practised the burning alive of humans in a number of settings. In Book 6, chapter 16, he writes of the

2919:

The most infamous case of the Imperial Japanese military utilizing this method of execution on Allied

1979: 1916:"Those that turn Christians, they burn alive, hanging a bag of Powder about their neck, and putting a 1802:

spoke to the Anti Slavery Society in Amsterdam. Painting a dark picture of the condition of slaves in

700:, made burning a legal alternative, and in 1238, it became the principal punishment in the Empire. In 11475: 10976: 8051: 7658:

Geheime Geschichten und räthselhafte Menschen, Sammlung verborgener oder vergessener Merkwürdigkeiten

4317: 3876: 3167: 3108: 2158:

became a tyrant in Spain and a year later was ... handed over by his own men and having been sent to

1994: 1588: 1322: 1234: 70: 7647: 6868: 3689:"ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 1736: 1505:

to the murders of several husbands. She was accused of having illegally acquired her wealth through

1435:, who, ironically, is believed by some to have secretly converted to Roman Catholicism herself from 11716: 11576: 10741:

Medieval Church Law and the Origins of the Western Legal Tradition: A Tribute to Kenneth Pennington

6971:

Report of the Attorney General on the February 2 and 3, 1980 Riot at the Penitentiary of New Mexico

2266: 1721: 1270: 790: 10180: 7045: 6398: 5738: 4708: 4490: 4103: 2888: 1626: 905: 868:

Not only Jews could be victims of mass hysteria. The charge of well-poisoning was the basis for a

11344: 11082: 5964: 5938: 5576: 4086: 4029: 2326: 2278: 1643: 1290: 320: 9796:"Abbau des Strafrechts. Bemerkungen über den Entwurf 1925 mit Anmerkungen über den Entwurf 1927" 9024:

Rediscovering Japan, Reintroducing Christendom: Two Thousand Years of Christian History in Japan

7603: 6943: 6593:

Defenders of Fortress Europe: The Untold Story of the German Officers During the Allied Invasion

5591: 5508: 2823: 1608:

their part, the Ottomans committed many similar acts. In retaliation they gathered up Greeks in

1301:

in the 1500–1600s, but it is not wholly clear if all of the transgressors were burned to death.

586:

Throughout the 12th–14th centuries, a number of non-Christian peoples living around the Eastern

11480: 11470: 11418: 10988: 9732:

Puff, Helmut; Bennett, Judith M.(ed.); Karras, Ruth M. (ed.) (2013). "Same Sex Possibilities".

8639:

God's Secret Agents: Queen Elizabeth's Forbidden Priests and the Hatching of the Gunpowder Plot

7366: 7019: 6620: 4964: 4376: 3761:

The full law was changed in context to the penalties just 20 years later by Constantine's son,

3750: 3100: 3080: 3057: 3053: 3023: 3004: 2901: 2758: 1713: 1007: 962:

In February 1481, in what is said to be the first auto-da-fé, six Marranos were burnt alive in

721: 278: 10871: 10771: 10516: 10189: 10151: 10078:

Schwartz, Jeffrey; Houghton, Frank; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Bondioli, Luca (17 February 2010).

9795: 9765: 9297: 9288: 9190: 9013: 8974: 8941: 8833: 8758: 8659: 8268: 8013: 7937: 7907: 7710: 7584: 7526: 7009:", World Association of International Studies, Stanford University. Retrieved 14 October 2007. 6826: 6383: 6340: 6332: 6316: 6161: 6146: 6116: 6086: 6056: 6041: 6011: 5995: 5922: 5907: 5892: 5864: 5845: 5802: 5779: 5768: 5704: 5674: 5659: 5561: 5407: 5381: 5373: 5157: 5113: 5010: 4995: 4818: 4802: 4648: 4475: 4460: 4426: 4411: 4359: 4257: 4242: 4230: 4192: 4148: 4133: 4118: 4059: 3992: 3939: 3902: 3860: 3793: 3766: 3758: 3736: 3676: 3660: 3614: 3570: 3555: 3551: 801:

from the 12th through 16th centuries in which they were burned alive, often on account of the

11669: 11109: 11097: 10971: 10880: 10797: 10536: 10267: 10006: 9913: 8799: 7979: 7634: 7121: 6948: 6635: 6438: 6367: 6300: 6252: 6176: 6071: 6026: 5979: 5953: 5817: 5787: 5753: 5493: 5357: 4979: 4949: 4934: 4918: 4913:

is particularly mentioned in being assiduous at documenting such cases of persecutions. See,

4899: 4838: 4783: 4751: 4519: 4445: 4400: 4304: 4207: 4180: 4074: 4007: 3977: 3962: 3946: 3844: 3808: 3721: 3644: 3275: 2742: 2020: 1541: 1472:

noblewoman. After the death of Kyteler's fourth husband, the widow was accused of practicing

1358: 742: 442: 410: 89:, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as 10190:"Extracts from original Records relating to the Burning of Lepers in the reign of Edward II" 8928: 8475: 8283: 7156: 6970: 6426: 6131: 6101: 5038: 4883: 4868: 4853: 4687: 4594: 4579: 4548: 3932: 3536: 2991: 1761:

housewife Catherine Bevan was burned for murder, and in 1746, Esther Anderson was burned in

1653:

Although these two cases are the last where execution by burning might be said to have been

437:, a number of crimes are regarded as punishable by death by burning. The 3rd-century jurist 11237: 11077: 10091: 6996:, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University. Retrieved 14 October 2007. 6352: 5442: 5417: 5336: 4778:

A perfunctory official notice of the manner of his death 17 February 1600, is contained in

4571: 4563: 4556: 3263: 3193:

Immolation was a common execution method for Armenian children, particularly orphans, with

3000: 2979: 2664: 2489: 2379: 1778: 1529: 1424: 1070: 1066: 869: 766: 758: 122: 46: 11676: 10675:

A Selection of Cases from the State Trials. Vol. II Part I. Trials for Treason (1660–1678)

8338:

Terror in the Land of the Holy Spirit: Guatemala Under General Efrain Rios Montt 1982–1983

3708:

has an extended description of the tunica molesta, the punishment as meted out by Emperor

2030:, Morocco, 50 Jews preferred to be burned alive, rather than convert to Islam. In 1794 in 1931:

A Turke forsaking his Fayth and a Christian speaking or doing anything against the law of

1690: 8: 11114: 11102: 11031: 10290:

The Beauties of All Magazines Selected for the Year 1764 (including several Comic Pieces)

7006: 6276: 3367: 2936: 2841: 2831: 2782: 2549: 2303: 2175: 2038: 1604: 1537: 1454: 1320:" earning her the epithet of "Bloody" Mary. Many of those executed by Mary are listed in 1238: 1230: 949: 922: 891:

the same year, at least one family of lepers was burnt alive for having poisoned others.

846: 294: 31: 10384:

GRU – Die Speerspitze: Was der KGB für die Polit-Führung, ist die GRU für die Rote Armee

10174: 10095: 9435: 9358: 8067:

Dietze, Karl H. (July 1995). "1804, der letzte Scheiterhaufen lohte im Kreis Eisenach".

7824: 7458: 6986: 6745: 5723: 5719: 4041: 3453: 995: 11320: 11274: 11186: 11042: 10950: 10859: 10759: 10567: 10504: 10114: 10079: 9753: 9529: 9411: 9403: 9325: 9276: 9001: 8962: 8746: 8256: 8118: 8001: 7895: 7698: 7597: 7514: 5082: 4620: 3747: 3496: 3091:, on 15 May 1916. He was repeatedly lowered and raised onto a fire for about two hours. 2795: 2592: 1698: 1510: 1498: 1494: 1373: 1152: 877: 750: 730: 705: 693: 434: 178: 150:

by a fire. The cause of death is frequently determined by the respiratory tract, where

86: 8814:

The Jewish Time Line Encyclopedia: A Year-by-Year History From Creation to the Present

7585:"Wer ist im Sinne der Carolina als ein "boshafter überwundener Brenner" zu bestrafen?" 7209: 6846: 2813: 2620:

The practice of burning widows has not been restricted to the Indian subcontinent; at

967: 945:; convicts were "released" (handed over) to secular authorities in order to be burnt. 11597: 10888: 10845: 10824: 10803: 10745: 10713: 10679: 10658: 10637: 10616: 10595: 10574: 10551: 10490: 10467: 10408: 10387: 10368: 10347: 10326: 10303: 10273: 10252: 10159: 10136: 10119: 10080:"Skeletal Remains from Punic Carthage Do Not Support Systematic Sacrifice of Infants" 10064: 10043: 10024: 10014: 9991: 9970: 9938: 9919: 9898: 9866: 9845: 9824: 9803: 9780: 9739: 9718: 9697: 9676: 9655: 9624: 9590: 9569: 9548: 9533: 9521: 9473: 9452: 9415: 9395: 9332: 9309: 9262: 9230: 9209: 9202: 9175: 9154: 9133: 9101: 9080: 9028: 8987: 8902: 8839: 8818: 8784: 8778: 8732: 8711: 8702: 8682: 8644: 8637: 8621: 8602: 8583: 8556: 8552:

A history of the Jews in North Africa: From the Ottoman conquests to the present time

8526: 8504: 8483: 8460: 8439: 8418: 8363: 8342: 8321: 8231: 8188: 8167: 8135: 8083: 8028: 7987: 7964: 7943: 7922: 7881: 7860: 7841: 7809: 7788: 7763: 7725: 7673: 7607: 7569: 7548: 7500: 7445: 7431: 7410: 7270: 7168: 7087: 6600: 6484: 6217: 6193: 5622: 5612: 5605: 4284: 3782: 3591: 3488: 3415: 3357: 3325: 3202: 3198: 2913: 2659: 2497: 2383: 2214: 2187: 2148: 2050: 1904: 1799: 1172: 1059: 1043: 395:, the earliest recorded martyr. Sometimes Roman immolation was carried out using the 366: 245: 139: 10319: 8098: 6923: 6887: 4530:

No fixed penalty was placed on performing acts of witchcraft that had caused no harm

3584: 3500: 1669: 1632: 1402:

in 1789. The last case where a woman was actually burnt alive in England is that of

749:, a prominent Lollard leader, was not saved from the gallows by his old friend King 521: 11711: 11522: 11062: 11052: 10983: 10205: 10201: 10109: 10099: 9632: 9511: 9503: 9390: 9385: 9377: 8456:

Christian Dualist Heresies in the Byzantine World, C. 650-c. 1450: Selected Sources

8394: 8277: 7263:"Fox News site embeds unedited Isis video showing brutal murder of Jordanian pilot" 5300: 4664: 3688: 3480: 3407: 3282: 3049: 2924: 2920: 2909: 2845: 2761:

in nature. These killings may be committed by mobs, small numbers of criminals, or

2730: 2710: 1911: 1567: 1490: 1246: 1218: 857: 856:. He had been accused of having impersonated a priest for twenty years, performing 814: 647:, i.e. those who had killed their own relatives, replacing the older punishment of 640: 496: 373: 328: 298: 257: 220:

with his mother after the death of his father could be ordered to be burned alive.

155: 135: 10909: 10246: 9426:

Die brandstiftung in den strafgesetzbüchern Deutschlands und der deutschen Schweiz

9424: 9368:

Olmstead, Albert Ten Eyck (February 1918). "Assyrian Government of Dependencies".

8865: 7296:"Isis releases graphic video showing four men burning alive in 'act of vengeance'" 5022: 4270: 3014:

On 31 August 1996, a Mexican man, Rodolfo Soler Hernandez, was burned to death in

2568:(400 AD), when instances of sati began to be marked by inscribed memorial stones. 2450:

A severe critic in the 16th century wrote the following comment on this practice:

11408: 11249: 11166: 10839: 10818: 10799:

Russia's Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581–1991

10780: 10739: 10728: 10696: 10673: 10652: 10631: 10610: 10589: 10525: 10484: 10423: 10402: 10362: 10341: 10288: 10104: 10058: 10037: 9985: 9935:

The Marrano Factory. The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians, 1536–1765

9892: 9881: 9860: 9839: 9818: 9774: 9733: 9712: 9691: 9670: 9649: 9605: 9584: 9563: 9542: 9467: 9446: 9347: 9256: 9224: 9169: 9148: 9127: 9116: 9095: 9074: 9043: 9022: 8952: 8896: 8854: 8812: 8767: 8726: 8676: 8596: 8550: 8519: 8498: 8454: 8433: 8412: 8378: 8357: 8336: 8246: 8225: 8182: 8161: 8150: 8129: 8077: 8022: 7958: 7875: 7835: 7803: 7778: 7757: 7740: 7719: 7688: 7667: 7656: 7622: 7563: 7542: 7494: 7425: 7404: 6993: 6799: 6652: 6474: 6223: 5689: 5050: 4810: 4735: 4671: 4631: 3883: 3377: 3103:. One of the most notorious extrajudicial burnings in modern history occurred in 3069: 2983: 2778: 2774: 2676: 2553: 2509: 2431: 2410: 2334: 2322: 2274: 1647: 1432: 1354: 1337: 1333: 1254: 1242: 1015: 852:

A Jewish man, Johannes Pfefferkorn, met a particularly gruesome death in 1514 in

810: 666: 599: 557: 476: 427: 324: 316: 209: 182: 9953: 7197: 6767: 5261: 5058: 3411: 2610:

was a practice among royal Hindu women to prevent capture by Muslim conquerors.

430:

and brothels offering such services; those found guilty should be burned alive.

11634: 11388: 11378: 11191: 11087: 11057: 10993: 8917: 8697: 8390:"Autorizado a visitar família, condenado por morte de Tim Lopes foge da prisão" 7470:"Neun Millionen Hexen. Entstehung, Tradition und Kritik eines populären Mythos" 6687: 4720: 4623:(1998) on the history of witch-counting, and on specialist academic consensus, 3762: 3352: 3220: 3171: 3163: 3030: 2948: 2810:

German prosecutors charged an alleged perpetrator of that massacre in 2014. SS-

2717:

to end the practice of judicial burning. He explained that the year before, as

2406: 2376: 2344: 2046: 1833: 1815: 1785:

on 22 December 1736 after she had been convicted on 4 February 1732 of being a

1609: 1600: 1596: 1563: 1469: 1274: 1250: 1210: 1180: 834: 746: 530: 397: 388: 385: 143: 105:, where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath. 9245: 7916: 6690:: Acht Tage im Mai. Die letzte Woche des Dritten Reiches, Munich 2020, p. 159. 6480:

The Soviet Partisan Movement, 1941–1944: A Critical Historiographical Analysis

1179:

imposed the penalty of burning for witchcraft of every kind, including simple

942: 467: 11706: 11695: 11658: 11357: 11313: 11242: 11092: 10471: 10434: 10028: 9628: 9525: 9399: 8876: 8587: 8300: 8245:

Foxe, John; Townsend, George (commentary); Cattley, Stephen R. (ed.) (1838).

8208: 7784: 7336:

The victims are shown burning to death in the last three minutes of the film.

7274: 7091: 7077:"Winnie Madikizela Mandela: Tragic Figure? Populist Tribune? Township Tough?" 6966: 6792: 5626: 5520: 5206:"Blasphemy: From being burned at the stake in 1328 to a €25,000 fine in 2017" 4767: 3382: 3316: 3147: 3019: 3015: 2638: 2485: 2387: 2140: 2069:

Dr C. J. Wills, a physician traveling through Persia in 1866–81, wrote that:

1923: 1917: 1885: 1774: 1743: 1709: 1552: 1482: 1465: 1407: 1391: 1316:

burnt at the stake during her reign (1553–58) in what would be known as the "

853: 762: 712: 591: 537: 480: 446: 286: 229: 10176:

Travels, or Observations relating to several parts of Barbary and the Levant

3210: 1806:, he mentions in particular that in 1853, "three Negroes were burnt alive". 900: 381: 11609: 11550: 11393: 11003: 10700: 10123: 7050: 6939: 4723:, Hamilton entered the pyre at noon, and died after six hours burning, see 3259: 3248: 3143: 3061: 3029:

A young Guatemalan woman, Alejandra María Torres, was attacked by a mob in

2905: 2877: 2872:, a number of attacks against the German minority occurred. In one case in 2849: 2762: 2734: 2565: 2557: 2295: 2107: 1966:

to the extent of initiating him as a follower. This alarmed members of the

1795: 1548: 1387: 1368:, where they did not need to be publicly displayed naked, whereas men were 1266: 649: 423: 377: 261: 253: 51: 38: 9192:

Rome, as it was Under Paganism, and as it Became Under the Popes, Volume 1

9045:

Travels & Voyages Through Europe, Asia, and Africa, for Nineteen Years

5170:"Burned at the stake was the original punishment for blasphemy in Ireland" 3492: 873: 845:, where several hundred Jews were burnt alive in what became known as the 741:, enabling the burning of heretics by making the crime enforceable by the 11639: 11555: 11529: 11403: 11398: 11232: 11072: 11047: 11037: 10998: 10633:

Visible and Invisible Realms: Power, Magic, and Colonial Conquest in Bali

9516: 9255:

Mooney, John A.; Patterson, Gail (ed.) (2002). "From Domremy to Chinon".

7984:

The Idol in the Age of Art: Objects, Devotions and the Early Modern World

7591:. 2 (Neue Folge), 14 (In total) (27). Berlin: Ferdinand Dümmler: 109–178. 6976:(Report). State of New Mexico Office of the Attorney General. p. 26. 6738:"Polícia encontra 4 corpos que seriam de traficantes queimados com pneus" 4159: 3340: 3236: 3120: 3104: 3088: 3075: 3065: 2971: 2965: 2928: 2857: 2726: 2599:

for all their domains from 1815 and onwards. The official statistics for

2493: 2372: 2318: 2288: 2231: 2155: 2116: 1889: 1694:

Native Americans scalping and roasting their prisoners, published in 1873

1678: 1443: 1436: 1313: 1286: 1226: 1127:. A number of crimes were punishable with death by burning, such as coin 1031: 971: 826: 802: 782: 689: 674: 673:

The first recorded case of heretics being burnt in Western Europe in the

632: 595: 492: 484: 241: 6888:

Annie Rose Ramos; Catherine E. Shoichet; Richard Beltran (27 May 2015).

6216: – the later law books (1960), also reproduced online at 3048:

during public mass protests held against the military regime of General

2001:

in the late 1720s, says that apostates from Islam would be burnt alive:

809:, 51 Jews were burned alive (the entire adult community). In 1191, King 11619: 11383: 11196: 11160: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11134: 10914: 10683: 9507: 9407: 8112:(Supplement to no. 3). Archived by the Modernist Journals Project: 1–8. 4634:

Originally published in GWU 49 (1998) pp. 664–685, web publication 2006

4606:

Professional researchers in the 19th, and early 20th century tended to

3629: 3484: 3271: 3228: 3224: 3182: 3151: 2952: 2738: 2464: 2330: 2128: 1865: 1849: 1732: 1575: 1518: 1506: 1473: 1376:

argued as follows for the different punishments for females and males:

1364:

The traditional punishment for women found guilty of treason was to be

1350: 1298: 1191: 1055: 1026: 910: 842: 644: 636: 603: 587: 549: 510: 237: 233: 232:, several incidents of burning alive perceived rebels are attested to. 127: 118: 98: 85:

or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public

82: 59: 10200:. London: Central Committee of the Archaeological Institute: 326–331. 8500:

Empire of Magic: Medieval Romance and the Politics of Cultural Fantasy

7978:

Cummins, Thomas; Cole, Martin W. (ed.); Zorach (ed.), Rebecca (2009).

4271:"The Spanish Inquisition A Historical Revision 4th Ed. By Henry Kamen" 3037:

In May 2015, a sixteen-year-old girl was allegedly burned to death in

678: 362: 11624: 11614: 11604: 11545: 11517: 11413: 11254: 11227: 11129: 10919: 10475: 9841:

The Enemy in the Household: Family Violence in Deuteronomy and Beyond

8765: 7236:"Burned Alive: ISIS Video Purports to Show Murder of Jordanian Pilot" 6782: 6566:"Former SS soldier, 88, charged over 1944 village massacre in France" 4910: 4728: 3188: 3159: 3131: 2987: 2804: 2526: 2340: 2144: 2111:

Perillos being forced into the brazen bull that he built for Phalaris

1978:

was unable to defend them. Farhreddin then took them in front of the

1975: 1963: 1959: 1845: 1786: 1345: 1327: 1108: 813:

ordered around 100 Jews burnt alive. That Jews purportedly performed

734: 619: 598:, were charged by Christian writers with performing human sacrifice. 571: 266: 212: 163: 37:"Burned alive" redirects here. For the book about honor killing, see 11680: 10077: 9381: 6839:"Uproar in Mexico over footage of accused killer being burned alive" 6518: 5240:"Was Irish witch Darkey Kelly really Ireland's first serial killer?" 4511: 3402:

Bohnert, Michael (2004). "Morphological Findings in Burned Bodies".

2832:

set a barn on fire with more than a thousand inmates trapped inside.

2808:

locked 452 French women and children in a church and set it on fire.

2366: 1039: 614: 30:"Burned at the stake" redirects here. For the 1981 horror film, see 11592: 11259: 11171: 10013:. 115, 1. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society: 28–32. 7213: 7172: 6671: 6472: 3333: 3329: 3232: 3155: 3116: 3112: 2531:

Ceremony of Burning a Hindu Widow with the Body of her Late Husband

2470: 2435: 2360: 2299: 2159: 2124: 1932: 1871: 1848:

since the practice of burning convicted person is forbidden in the

1803: 1762: 1758: 1728: 1636: 1592: 1502: 1478: 1156: 1104: 1063: 986: 934: 926: 716: 686: 661: 656: 561: 500: 392: 9693:

The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonisation

9586:

Islamic Modern: Religious Courts and Cultural Politics in Malaysia

8571: 7329:"New ISIS Video Burns 2 Caged Turkish Soldiers to Death in Aleppo" 6439:"On This Day: Poles kill 340 Jews in Jedwabne pogrom 81 years ago" 5521:"DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States" 5368:

On the manner of execution according to the original account, see

2234:. One detailed account of her supposed execution runs as follows: 2190:, and, reportedly, said he was at a loss to determine whether the 1612:, throwing several of them into huge ovens, baking them to death. 761:(1414–18) of heresy. The council also decreed that the remains of 757:

was burned at the stake after being accused at the Roman Catholic

11181: 11176: 11124: 11119: 11008: 10966: 10156:

Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume

9862:

Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages

8984:

The Sorcery Trial of Alice Kyteler: A Contemporary Account (1324)

8664:

Kurpfalzbaierische Gnädigst Priviligierte Münchner Staats-Zeitung

8435:

Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture

8024:

Crime and Punishment in Ancient India: (C. A.D. 300 to A.D. 1100)

7125: 6873: 5603:

Heinl, Robert Debs; Heinl, Michael; Heinl, Nancy Gordon (2005) .

4659:

Extracts of eyewitness report at website of Columbia University,

3713: 3705: 3255: 3244: 3206: 2718: 2642: 2545: 2337:

was locked without food or water to starve in his treasure room)

2317:, and an early-14th-century chronicle mentions that his grandson 2284: 2218: 2183: 2076: 2031: 2012: 1998: 1893: 1881: 1861: 1819: 1294: 1258: 1222: 1195: 1128: 990: 978: 963: 930: 818: 754: 342: 335: 249: 90: 78: 55: 9360:

Posen. Kurz gefasste Geschichte und Beschreibung der Stadt Posen

8982:

de Ledrede, Richard; Davidson, Sharon (ed.); Ward, John (2004).

3181:, on 21 May 2008, a mob had burned to death at least 11 accused 2425: 2252:

The English story is derived from a pamphlet published in 1673.

256:

each verdict. Professor Susan Redford speculates that after the

11439: 10781:"Speech for the Amsterdam Anti Slavery Society, 19th July 1855" 10550:. Vol. 4. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 10269:

The End of the Roman Republic 146 to 44 BC: Conquest and Crisis

9489:"Social Theory and Peasant Revolution in Vietnam and Guatemala" 8248:

The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: A New and Complete Edition

8152:

Encyclopaedia Perthensis; or, Universal dictionary of Knowledge

6190:

Neighboring Faiths: A Christian Introduction to World Religions

5987: 5090: 4104:

https://books.google.com/books?id=z4YBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA423–424

3099:

in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the

2995: 2873: 2675:

In 1844, the missionary John Watsford wrote a letter about the

2607: 2600: 2399: 2255: 2179: 2136: 2132: 2120: 2062: 2027: 1983: 1971: 1855: 1826: 1717: 1533: 1522: 1514: 1486: 1481:, Ireland. Hers was the first known case in the history of the 1341: 1309: 1078: 1074: 1051: 982: 941:. The public executions of the Spanish Inquisition were called 888: 881: 822: 701: 682: 556:

Others have figures of vast size, the limbs of which formed of

462: 458: 438: 217: 170: 159: 94: 74: 10730:

Temple bar, the city Golgotha, by a member of the Inner Temple

9894:

Crime and Punishment: A History of the Criminal Justice System

9327:

God's Jury: The Inquisition and the making of the Modern World

8069:

StadtZeit.Stadtjournal mit Informationen aus dem Wartburgkreis

7939:

The 'Templar of Tyre': Part III of the 'Deeds of the Cypriots'

7599:

The History of Slavery and the Slave Trade, Ancient and Modern

7496:

Windows Onto Jewish Legal Culture: Fourteen Exploratory Essays

4643:

Contemporary description of the burning at Ile-des-Javiaux in

3214: 2683:, and how captives could be eaten, after being roasted alive: 2637:

C. H. L. Hahn wrote that within the O-ndnonga tribe among the

2206: 821:, the entire Jewish community was burnt alive, and in 1510 in 711:

In England at the start of the 15th century, the teachings of

11496: 11454: 11449: 11222: 10404:

Messianic Judaism is Not Christianity: A Loving Call to Unity

10060:

The Spell of Power: A History of Balinese Politics, 1650–1940

8163:

A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761: Eight Indian Lives

7621:

Buckingham, J.S. (28 March 1835). James S. Buckingham (ed.).

7589:

Annalen der Deutschen und Ausländischen Criminal-Rechtspflege

6303:

see pages 24 and 25 in particular, history behind them, p. 23

5054: 3290: 3267: 3266:

tribe alive after attacking a convoy of trucks en route from

3213:

provinces, and most infamously, at a German run orphanage in

3178: 3045: 3008: 2893: 2614: 2519: 2439: 2395: 2391: 2307: 1967: 1877: 1773:

The last known burning by the Spanish colonial government in

1571: 1556: 1132: 1089: 938: 838: 806: 545: 541: 525:

An 18th-century illustration of a wicker man. Engraving from

504:

scholars have argued that these findings are not evidence of

488: 345:, the following manner of burning the criminal is described: 151: 131: 10887:. Vol. 20. London: Routledge. p. 62, footnote 73. 10456:"Patrick Hamilton: Precursor of the Reformation in Scotland" 7986:. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 99. 7942:. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 149. 6621:

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/gardelegen

5611:(2nd ed.). Lanham, Md; London: Univ. Press of America. 5607:

Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People, 1492–1995

5471: 5057:

See also the detailed synthesis at capitalpunishmentuk.org,

2803:

burnt children alive in 1944. In another 1944 atrocity, the

2571:

According to one model of history thinking, the practice of

2079:

on them, and apply a light, which 'after some hours' he did.

1147: 777: 113:

In the process of being burned to death, a body experiences

11444: 11434: 11336: 9448:

Women and the Death Penalty in the United States, 1900–1998

8482:. Abingdon: Frank Cass and Company Limited. pp. 1–37. 8453:

Hamilton, Janet; Hamilton, Bernard; Stoyanov, Yuri (1998).

8131:

No Armor for the Back: Baptist Prison Writings, 1600s–1700s

8079:

Compitum, Or The Meeting of the Ways at the Catholic Church

7544:

Burning for the Buddha: Self-Immolation in Chinese Buddhism

5459: 3709: 3297: 3289:(ISIS). The pilot was captured when his plane crashed near 3011:, were burnt alive in their church by the Guatemalan Army. 2933:

United States military's campaign to retake the Philippines

2688: 2680: 2621: 2522:

widow burning herself with the corpse of her husband, 1820s

1782: 1183:. From the latter half of the 18th century, the number of " 937:, formally converted Muslims thought to have relapsed into 825:, 26 Jews were burnt alive for the same crime. During the " 798: 174: 147: 114: 11285:

Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations

9735:

The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe

7780:

La Inquisición de Lima: signos de su decadencia, 1726–1750

6269:

XVII. "Economic and Social Developments under the Mughals"

5644:

Violence in Islamic Thought from the Qur'an to the Mongols

5546:

La Inquisición de Lima: Signos de su Decadencia, 1726–1750

4075:

https://books.google.com/books?id=VK0llzUqQ2YC&pg=PA87

4044:. New York : Arno Press – via Internet Archive. 2994:

was captured by Guatemalan government forces and taken to

2942: 2900:

Immolation was a commonly reported execution method among

2430:

Apparently, for many centuries, a tradition of devotional

704:, the punishment was made law in 1231, whereas in France, 117:

to exposed tissue, changes in content and distribution of

11629: 9367: 9132:. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. 8766:

Julius Caesar, Gaius; McDevitt (tr.); Bohn (tr.) (1851).

8598:

Benjamin Ferencz, Nuremberg Prosecutor and Peace Advocate

4929:

For a claim of the last heretic burned at the stake, see

2474: 2394:

was reportedly harsh, with strict prohibition of smoking

1011: 929:", formally converted Jews thought to have relapsed into 10527:

Narrative of a ten years' residence at Tripoli in Africa

8452: 7721:

Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources

5264:. Nosmokewithouthellfire1.podomatic.com. 19 January 2011 5069:"Some time in the 1590s, Anne became a Roman Catholic." 3473:

Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin. Journal of Legal Medicine

2863: 2243:

The English commentator adds his own view on the matter:

2174:

was a Scottish nobleman complicit in the murder of King

2162:, he was placed inside a bronze bull and burnt to death. 765:, dead for 30 years, should be exhumed and burned. This 11305: 10364:

Folkways: A Study of Mores, Manners, Customs and Morals

9779:. Vol. 10. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House Ltd. 8856:

Handbuch der Geschichte von Ungarn und seiner Verfaßung

8670:(185). Munich: Kurpfb. Münchner Zeitungs-Comptoir: 760. 7977: 7826:

The history of the revolutions in the empire of Morocco

6293:

For detailed official statistical information 1815–1829

1876:

A number of monks are said to have been burnt alive in

753:. Oldcastle was hanged and his gallows burned in 1417. 162:

may be indicative of inhalation of hot gases. Complete

10726: 10216:"Train blast was 'a plot to kill North Korea's leader" 8981: 8362:. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8166:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6890:"Video of mob burning teen in Guatemala spurs outrage" 5262:"PodOmatic | Podcast – No Smoke Without Hellfire" 3076:

Lynchings and killings by burning in the United States

2721:

of London, he had been responsible for the burning of

2416: 2310:, by pouring molten gold or silver down his throat in 10881:"Exegetical creativity in Interpreting Biblical Laws" 10482: 10340:

Stillman, Yedida K.; Zucker, George K., eds. (1993).

10272:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 98. 10251:(revised ed.). Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. 9932: 9614: 9589:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 9451:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 9308:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 166–179. 8916:

Landucci, Luca; Jarvis, Alice de Rosen (tr.) (1927).

8877:""Out of the Flames" by Lawrence and Nancy Goldstone" 7672:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 7492: 7409:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 5395:

by investigating police officer Heinrich L. Hermann,

3855:

On ritual description, Plutarch, and in general, see

3328:

involving burning. The wife is typically doused with

2458: 2260: 2186:

witnessed the execution of Stewart and his associate

452: 354:

That is, the person dies from being fed molten lead.

9918:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 10. 9437:

Das alamannische Strafrecht im deutschen Mittelalter

9376:(1). American Political Science Association: 63–77. 8703:"Economic and Social Developments under the Mughals" 8251:. Vol. 5. London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside. 7873: 7339: 4829:

Alan Wood describes Avvakum's execution as follows:

2830:—along with local civilian and military authorities— 2768: 2224: 2093: 1021: 635:, the death penalty had been decreed for impenitent 10820:

E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936

10737: 10425:

The Travels of Monsieur De Thevenot into The Levant

8678:

The Indian Empire: Its People, History and Products

8244: 7354: 7007:

worksmerica_latinamerica03102004.htm "Latin America

5986:, the governor Inal Khan (who had assassinated the 3436:"What happens to human bodies when they are burned" 2892:The decaying corpse of a person burned to death in 2704: 1922:Travelling the same regions some 60 years earlier, 1442:The last to be executed as a witch in Scotland was 977:In 1535, five Moriscos were burned at the stake on 10844:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 10615:. Minneola, New York: Courier Dover Publications. 10566: 10318: 10214: 10150:Sharma, Pushpa; Srivastava, Vijay Shankar (1981). 9990:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 9820:A Case of Witchcraft: The Trial of Urbain Grandier 9324: 9201: 9174:. Garden City, New York: Morgan James Publishing. 9076:Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth Century England 8951:de Ledrede, Richard; Wright, Thomas (ed.) (1843). 8946:. London: Christopher Wilkinson. pp. 216–217. 8940:de La Vega, Garcilaso; Rycaut, Paul (tr.) (1688). 8867:Hals-oder peinliche Gerichtsordnung Kaiser Carls V 8701: 8636: 8318:Faith and Treason: The Story of the Gunpowder Plot 7724:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 7669:Witch Hunts in Europe and America: An Encyclopedia 7314:"ISIL video shows 'Turkish soldiers burned alive'" 6683: 6681: 5604: 3583: 3189:Cases from the Middle East and Indian subcontinent 2852:who, in May 1945, investigated occurrences at the 2560:. The first reliable evidence for the practice of 2347:engraving of a Conquistador being executed by gold 2201: 981:; the images of a further four were also burnt in 10841:Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader 10564: 10421: 10321:The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book 10011:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 9967:Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh 9731: 9258:Joan of Arc: Historical Overview and Bibliography 9100:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. 8817:. Lanham, Maryland: Jason Aronson, Incorporated. 8769:Cæsar's commentaries on the Gallic and civil wars 8276:Foxe, John; Milner, John; Cobbin, Ingram (1856). 8204:"Burnt body victim named as search goes offshore" 6335:For estimate of restriction to royal widows, see 5281: 5279: 3235:on 22 January 1999. Four years later, in 2003, a 2880:, who grew up in Prague, later reported on this. 2757:In the modern era, deaths by burning are largely 2595:began to compile statistics of the incidences of 2367:As punishment for inebriation and tobacco smoking 1657:in some degree, Eduard Osenbrüggen mentions that 829:" in the mid-14th century a spate of large-scale 483:are said to have performed in honour of the gods 126:the skin around the neck may be severe enough to 11693: 10837: 10149: 10056: 10039:Mothers of Promise: Women in the Book of Genesis 9654:. Union, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 9541:Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. (2005). 9540: 9486: 8950: 8939: 8275: 8071:. Eisenach: MFB-Verlagsgesellschaft, Frisch: 24. 7921:. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 7620: 7046:"Row over 'mother of the nation' Winnie Mandela" 7022:. South African History Online. 17 February 2011 3296:In August 2015, ISIS burned to death four Iraqi 1872:Catholic monks in 13th-century Tunis and Morocco 1217:Notable individuals executed by burning include 1001: 681:. Civil authorities burned persons judged to be 657:Medieval Inquisition and the burning of heretics 9710: 9295: 9254: 9048:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme&Brown. 8383:. Vol. 7. Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz. 8334: 7070: 7068: 6678: 6247:For Yang's full discussion back and forth, see 5933:For full title and provenance, see item 357 in 5602: 5348:Last name "Mothas" used in extended account in 5021:Comprehensive list at capitalpunishmentuk.org, 4682:Reconstruction of Joan of Arc's death scene in 4164:The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. 3154:", wherein a mob would fill a rubber tire with 2473:in 1622 some 25 monks were burnt alive, and in 1989: 1139:witchcraft could be punished by death by fire. 797:Several incidents are recorded of massacres on 10594:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 10339: 9547:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 8915: 8780:The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision 8387: 7877:History of Homosexuality in Europe and America 7805:The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account 7739:Carey, William (April 1814). J. Hooper (ed.). 7687:Calvert, James; Rowe, George S. (ed.) (1858). 6700:At the Rape of Nanking: A Nazi Who Saved Lives 6457: 6006:Crawford regards the Hulagu story as a legend 5722:, on the conditional fate of non-Muslims, see 5276: 3513: 3262:, Pakistan, burned three truck drivers of the 2883: 2166: 1754:, at least 13 slaves were burnt at the stake. 166:is only achieved under extreme circumstances. 138:, can cause pseudo-hemorrhages in the form of 11321: 10935: 10422:De Thévenot, Jean; Lovell, Archibald (1687). 10135:. Kila, Montana/US: Kessinger Publishing Co. 9802:. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller. pp. 246–252. 9356: 9250:. New York: Encyclopedia Press, Incorporated. 8201: 7745:Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle 7602:. Columnus, Ohio: J. and H. Miller. pp. 7398:. Vol. 4, 3. Oporto: Imprensa académica. 7394:de Almeida, Fortunato (1923). "Appendix IX". 3003:in the 1980s. In April 1982, 13 members of a 2426:Chinese tradition of Buddhist self-immolation 208:The 18th-century BCE law code promulgated by 50:An 1892 painting showing the 1682 burning of 10569:Ashes of Immortality: Widow-Burning in India 9472:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 8986:. Asheville, North Carolina: Pegasus Press. 8290: 7801: 7759:Blood and Faith: The Purging of Muslim Spain 7561: 7362:"Husband of burnt woman charged with murder" 7326: 7086:. Vol. 13, no. 4. pp. 14–20. 7065: 4175:On mercy, and 50,000 estimate, for Marranos 4019:Rice, Joshua (1 June 2022). "Burn in Hell". 3406:. Vol. 1. Humana Press. pp. 3–27. 3150:executions by burning were carried out via " 2811: 2371:The 16th-/early-17th-century prime minister 2277:executing the famously greedy Roman general 2256:Pouring molten metal down the throat or ears 1856:Followers of a false claimant of prophethood 1599:, the Greeks chose to roast to death the 57 574:, charged by the Celts for having planned a 350:descends to his bowels and sears his bowels. 10802:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 44. 10671: 10300:The Cradle King: A Life of James VI & 1 10212: 9433: 9422: 9226:Encyclopaedia of Women in South Asia: Nepal 9222: 8695: 8459:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 8134:. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. 7822: 7717: 7686: 6466: 5237: 4762:Detailed description of Servetus' death at 4040:Sumner, William Graham (26 November 1979). 1899: 1171:(1532) decreed that sorcery throughout the 422:he was to be set free). In 390 AD, Emperor 101:. The best-known execution of this type is 11328: 11314: 10942: 10928: 10817:Houtsma, M. (1987). Zurkhana, Taif (ed.). 10042:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic. 10007:"King Richard II of England, A Fresh Look" 9714:Why the Jews?: The Reason for Antisemitism 9711:Prager, Dennis; Telushkin, Joseph (2007). 9689: 9444: 9052: 8548: 8148: 7393: 6980: 6372: 5646:(pp. 106–127). Edinburgh University Press. 5225:"'Darkey Kelly', Brothel Keeper of Dublin" 5152:Story of flight in contemporary chronicle 4318:"In Majorca, Atoning for the Sins of 1691" 3910:Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli 3865:Schwartz, Houghton, Macchiarelli, Bondioli 2617:, the practice was not banned until 1920. 1114: 833:occurred. One libel was that the Jews had 158:and patchy or vesicular detachment of the 130:a victim. Fluid shifts, especially in the 11363:Native American use of fire in ecosystems 10915:List of deaths by fire throughout history 10878: 10650: 10541:. London: T. Nelson and sons. p. 19. 10453: 10244: 10179:. London, UK: Millar and Sandby. p. 10113: 10103: 10035: 9897:. Belmont, California: Cengage Learning. 9603: 9515: 9389: 9296:Moryson, Fynes; Hadfield, Andrew (2001). 9208:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 9167: 9115:Manu (1825). Haughton; Graves C. (eds.). 8438:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8184:The First Spring: The Golden Age of India 7532:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7467: 7446:"Missionary widow continues leprosy work" 7430:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7406:Daily Life During the Spanish Inquisition 7169:"Missionary widow continues leprosy work" 7040: 6987:U.S. Sanctions against South Africa, 1986 6711:Catalyst For Action: The Palawan Massacre 6327:For notice of estimate of last time, see 6257: 3305:ISIS burned to death two Turkish soldiers 2648: 2477:in 1624, 50 Christians were burnt alive. 2298:is said to have ordered the execution of 1914:, traveling the East in the 1650s, says: 1615: 1088:witnessed such a dynamic when he visited 870:large-scale hunt of lepers in 1321 France 10636:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 10573:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 10432: 10316: 10231: 9983: 9879: 9858: 9800:Gesamtausgabe, Band 9: Strafrechtsreform 9793: 9261:. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Publishers. 9204:Popery and Politics in England 1660–1688 8926: 8800:"Mob burns to death 11 Kenyan 'witches'" 8724: 8601:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 7956: 7935: 7837:Siciliana: Studies on the Sicilian Ethos 7776: 7718:Cameron, Scott; Sela, Ron, eds. (2010). 7582: 7402: 7122:"Mob burns to death 11 Kenyan 'witches'" 7074: 6965: 6206: 5982:According to the 13th-century historian 5843: 4315: 3470: 3079: 3056:, 18, and Chilean-American photographer 2975:contain scenes depicting this practice. 2887: 2870:expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia 2836: 2822:Helmut Kämpfe alive. In April 1945, the 2733:was duly passed by Parliament and given 2525: 2513: 2339: 2283: 2210:Dózsa's execution (contemporary woodcut) 2205: 2106: 1947:Certain accursed ones of no significance 1862:Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid ibn Nawfal al-Asad 1689: 1668: 1579:thought it was an ordinary murder case. 1390:, for crimes against the sovereign; and 1201: 1190: 1146: 1038:and Anton Mätzler, at the stake outside 1025: 970:, and in 1699, a Jew was burnt alive in 904: 841:alone. A large mass burning occurred in 776: 660: 613: 520: 466: 361: 45: 11572:International Flame Research Foundation 11290:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 10816: 10778: 10534: 10400: 10381: 10297: 10286: 9911: 9886:. Vol. 2. Lynn: W. G. Whittingham. 9844:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books. 9668: 9331:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 9223:Mittra, Sangh; Kumar, Bachchan (2004). 9153:. New York: Columbia University Press. 9093: 9053:McCullough, David W. (8 October 2000). 9041: 8710:. New York: Columbia University Press. 8594: 8539: 8503:. New York: Columbia University Press. 8355: 8223: 7854: 7833: 7583:Bischoff (1832). Hitzig, Julius (ed.). 7562:Berger, Stefan; Sicker, Dieter (2009). 6999: 6649:Rückkehr in die verschollene Geschichte 6590: 6483:. London: Routledge. pp. 133–134. 6351:Biographical entry of C. H. L. Hahn at 6187: 5875:Quote and extrapolation to be found in 5059:Catherine Hayes burnt for Petty Treason 4268: 4166:, p. 62, (Yale University Press, 1997). 3581: 3401: 2943:Extrajudicial burnings in Latin America 2575:only became really widespread with the 2503: 2500:after he refused to convert to Islam. 2355:From the 19th-century reports from the 2115:Perhaps the most infamous example of a 1142: 863: 626: 380:authorities executed many of the early 181:fill with fluid and the victim dies of 14: 11694: 10949: 10707: 10629: 10545: 10360: 10187: 10133:History of Torture throughout the Ages 10005:Sayles, George O. (17 February 1971). 10004: 9951: 9837: 9816: 9610:. Vol. 2. Augsburg: Martin Veith. 9582: 9561: 9544:A Concise History of the Jewish People 9345: 9322: 9243: 9229:. Vol. 6. Gyan Publishing House. 9199: 9195:. London: J. Madden. pp. 223–224. 9125: 9121:. Vol. 2. London: Cox and Baylis. 9072: 8831: 8810: 8797: 8674: 8657: 8517: 8480:The Native Tribes of South West Africa 8431: 8315: 8096: 8066: 8041: 7829:. London, UK: Knapton and Betterworth. 7456: 7423: 7210:"Jordanian pilot 'burned alive' by IS" 7119: 5222: 4087:"Internet History Sourcebooks Project" 4039: 3897:the tradition of child sacrifice, see 1814:In 1760, the slave rebellion known as 1720:, and Phillis burned at the stake, at 1532:was burned at the stake in Dublin for 1111:were burned alive for their offenses. 894: 817:also led to mass burnings; In 1243 in 240:more than a thousand years later, the 11309: 10923: 10690: 10608: 10587: 10565:Weinberger-Thomas, Catherine (1999). 10523: 10265: 10227:from the original on 11 January 2022. 10158:. Abhinav Publications. p. 361. 10130: 9969:. Vol. 100. Anmol Publications. 9964: 9772: 9675:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 9647: 9469:Conspiracy Theory in Latin Literature 9465: 9370:The American Political Science Review 9188: 9171:The Soul of a Nation: Japan's Destiny 9146: 8874: 8852: 8776: 8634: 8410: 8376: 8180: 8159: 8127: 8116: 8075: 7914: 7738: 7690:Fiji and the Fijians: Mission history 7665: 7654: 7595: 7260: 7157:Armenian Children Victims of Genocide 6584: 6353:BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIES 5123: 5121: 4746:Description of John Frith's death in 3957:This case, and a number of others in 3871:on phrase "the act of laughing", see 2864:Lynching of Germans in Czechoslovakia 2791:World Jewish Restitution Organisation 2632: 1777:was of Mariana de Castro, during the 11665: 11295:Capital punishment for homosexuality 10795: 10779:Woblers, Julien (1 September 1855). 10591:A Brief History of the Jewish People 10232:Springer, Alex (24 September 2008). 10213:Soukhorukov, Sergey (13 June 2004). 10172: 10152:"The Military System of the Mongols" 9890: 9114: 9027:. Lanham, Maryland: Hamilton Books. 8919:A Florentine diary from 1450 to 1516 8894: 8863: 8731:. Leominster: Gracewing Publishing. 8615: 8569: 8525:. Norderstedt: BoD Books on Demand. 8496: 8473: 7963:. Boston: Harvard University Press. 7755: 7540: 5352:(1832), real name "Thomas" given in 4018: 3307:, publishing video of the atrocity. 3287:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 3137: 3052:on 2 July 1986, engineering student 3007:Pentecostal congregation in Xalbal, 2914:captured the city of Nanjing in 1937 2535:Pictorial History of China and India 1962:who became intimate with the Sultan 1839: 1664: 1497:, with a wide slate of crimes, from 1010:opened offices in the Indian colony 909:The burning of a 16th-century Dutch 516: 310: 198: 10441:. New York: Robert Appleton Company 9987:The History of the Mongol Conquests 9915:Giordano Bruno: Philosopher/Heretic 9776:A Restatement of Rabbinic Civil Law 9738:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9568:. Westport, Connecticut: ABC-CLIO. 9150:Europe Through Arab Eyes, 1578–1727 9020: 8927:Lattimer, Mark (13 December 2007). 8898:Spectacles of Death in Ancient Rome 8341:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8282:. London: Knight and Son. pp. 8020: 7661:. Vol. 12. Leipzig: Brockhaus. 6944:Waco Recalls a 90-Year-Old 'Horror' 6192:. InterVarsity Press. p. 383. 3936:On criminals in large wicker frames 3166:, wife of the then-imprisoned ANC ( 2747:Treason by Women Act (Ireland) 1796 2713:introduced a bill into the British 2548:practice among some communities of 2417:Mongol punishment for horse thieves 2409:of Persia is said to have abhorred 2194:committed by the regicides, or the 2099:anecdotes about such are included. 1825:In 1774, nine enslaved Africans in 1644:Friederike Louise Christiane Delitz 1464:–1324) was the maidservant of Dame 772: 609: 548:sacrifice of criminals within huge 24: 10654:The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt 10486:Madness in Medieval Law and Custom 10386:(3rd ed.). Solingen: Barett. 9487:Paige, Jeffery M (November 1983). 8922:. London: J.M. Dent&Sons, Ltd. 8335:Garrard-Burnett, Virginia (2010). 8187:. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. 8149:Perthensis, Encyclopaedia (1816). 8082:. Vol. 3. London: C. Dolman. 7101:from the original on 10 April 2021 6845:. 5 September 1996. Archived from 6541:"Auschwitz children 'burnt alive'" 6515:""Khatyn" – The tragedy of Khatyn" 5850:. Singapore: Marican. p. 180. 5718:(1729) On apostates citation, see 5223:Murden, Sarah (15 February 2018). 5118: 3516:"What does death by burning mean?" 3128:New Mexico State Penitentiary riot 3095:Burnings continued as a method of 2752: 2552:in which a recently widowed woman 2459:Japanese persecution of Christians 2261:Molten gold poured down the throat 2102: 1940: 1485:of death by fire for the crime of 1273:were burned at the stake in 1555. 453:Ritual child sacrifice in Carthage 25: 11738: 11218:Most recent executions by country 10903: 10883:. In Lifshitz, Berachyahu (ed.). 10733:. London: David Bogue. p. 4. 10712:. London, UK: Jonathan Cape Ltd. 10657:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 10428:. Vol. 1. London: Faithorne. 10343:New Horizons in Sephardic Studies 10293:. Vol. 3. London: T. Waller. 10057:Schulte Nordholt, H.G.C. (2010). 8875:Kurth, Peter (12 November 2002). 8783:. Boston: Yale University Press. 8618:Cannibalism & Human Sacrifice 8202:Feek, Belinda (24 January 2011). 7693:. Vol. 2. London: A. Heylin. 7327:S. J. Prince (22 December 2016). 6291:to that) and representation, see 5188:"Heretic was burned at the stake" 3831:, sections 48.19.28.11–12, p. 366 3363:List of people burned as heretics 3281:In January 2015, Jordanian pilot 2769:The Holocaust and Nazi war crimes 2225:The tale of the murderous midwife 2094:Roasting by means of heated metal 188: 11675: 11664: 11654: 11653: 10346:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. 9306:Amazons, Savages, and Machiavels 8658:Hübner, Lorenz (7 August 1804). 7859:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 7802:De las Casas, Bartolomé (1974). 7320: 7306: 7288: 7261:Woolf, Nicky (4 February 2015). 7254: 7228: 7202: 7187: 7161: 7150: 7139: 7113: 7075:Meintjes, Sheila (August 1998). 7034: 7012: 6959: 6933: 6913: 6904: 6881: 6861: 6831: 6816: 6804: 6760: 6730: 6715: 6704: 6693: 6658: 6640: 6625: 6613: 6558: 6533: 6507: 6497: 6431: 6416: 6403: 6388: 6357: 6345: 6321: 6306: 6281: 6241: 6229: 6181: 6166: 6151: 6136: 6121: 6106: 6091: 6076: 6061: 6046: 6031: 6016: 6000: 5969: 5958: 5943: 5927: 5912: 5897: 5882: 5869: 5854: 5837: 5822: 5807: 5792: 5773: 5758: 5743: 5728: 5709: 5694: 5679: 5664: 5649: 5633: 5596: 5581: 5566: 5551: 5538: 5513: 5498: 5483: 5447: 5432: 5386: 5362: 5342: 5326: 5294: 3914:Skeletal remains..do not support 3869:Skeletal remains..do not support 3514:Guardian Staff (26 April 2003). 3310: 3233:Keonjhar District, Odisha, India 2844:, one of the prosecutors in the 2745:subsequently passed the similar 2705:Legislation against the practice 2480: 1958:to describe some members of the 1768: 1703:Captives in American Indian Wars 1685: 1603:crew members. After the fall of 1207:Joan of Arc's Death at the Stake 698:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 643:instituted death by burning for 223: 203: 134:and in the hollow organs of the 11353:Control of fire by early humans 11270:Religion and capital punishment 10727:Wilson, James Holbert. (1853). 10693:In the land of the lion and sun 10248:That Greece Might Still Be Free 9952:Sangvi, Vir (8 February 1999). 9823:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. 9690:Pluskowski, Aleksander (2013). 8398:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro 7386: 7316:. Al Jazeera. 23 December 2016. 5844:Winstedt, Richard Olof (1962). 5780:JOS Calendar Conversion Results 5411:Precise moment of strangulation 5376:Contemporary newspaper notice, 5313:those suspected of hiding money 5305:That Greece Might Still Be Free 5254: 5238:Cathy Hayes (12 January 2011). 5231: 5216: 5198: 5180: 5162: 5146: 5133: 5103: 5063: 5043: 5028: 5015: 5000: 4984: 4969: 4954: 4939: 4923: 4904: 4888: 4873: 4858: 4843: 4823: 4788: 4772: 4756: 4740: 4713: 4703:Eyewitness account provided in 4697: 4676: 4653: 4637: 4613: 4600: 4584: 4533: 4524: 4504: 4495: 4480: 4465: 4450: 4431: 4416: 4386: 4369: 4348: 4335: 4316:Carvajal, Doreen (7 May 2011). 4309: 4294: 4277: 4262: 4247: 4223:On the Río de la Plata incident 4212: 4197: 4183:On 30,000 estimate of Marranos 4169: 4153: 4138: 4123: 4108: 4093: 4079: 4064: 4048: 4033: 4012: 3997: 3982: 3967: 3951: 3918: 3888: 3849: 3834: 3813: 3798: 3775: 3741: 3726: 3699: 3681: 3665: 3649: 3634: 3619: 3604: 3454:"Pugilistic attitude (posture)" 3126:More recently, during the 1980 2953:standing inside a pile of tires 2496:soaked in oil on the orders of 2202:György Dózsa on the iron throne 1277:followed the next year (1556). 1169:Constitutio Criminalis Carolina 1125:Constitutio Criminalis Carolina 357: 146:of the body may be consumed as 10823:. Vol. 8. Leyden: Brill. 10612:Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt 10325:. Jewish Publication Society. 10206:10.1080/00665983.1865.10851326 9615:Peter from Mladanovic (2003). 8943:The Royal Commentaries of Peru 8798:Kanina, Wangui (21 May 2008). 8555:. Vol. 2. Leyden: Brill. 8388:Grellet, Fábio (24 May 2010). 8356:Gilbert, John T., ed. (2012). 8297:Veja on-line (30 January 2002) 7960:Homosexuality and Civilization 7547:. University of Hawaii Press. 7396:História da Igreja em Portugal 7120:Kanina, Wangui (21 May 2008). 6726:Autorizado a visitar família.. 6595:. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 6517:. 21 July 2018. Archived from 6443:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 6271:This page maintained by Prof. 4560:Sexual acts contrary to nature 3575: 3560: 3541: 3526: 3507: 3464: 3446: 3428: 3395: 2787:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 2172:Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl 2123:for the 6th-century BC tyrant 1809: 739:Suppression of Heresy Act 1414 13: 1: 11213:Enforcement or use by country 10791:. London: Peter Jones Bolton. 10302:. London: Chatto and Windus. 9604:Perckmayr, Reginbald (1738). 9346:Nassau, George R. S. (1824). 8957:. London: The Camden Society. 8540:Hermann, Heinrich L. (1818). 7146:The Children Were Burnt Alive 6378:Perckmayr, Reginbald (1738). 5085:envoy Nicolo Molin in 1606." 4273:– via Internet Archive. 3925:Julius Caesar, McDevitt, Bohn 3827:, section 48.19.8.2, p. 361. 3550:(2011): Senusret I incident, 3388: 3274:, possibly for supplying the 3097:lynching in the United States 2868:During the post-World War II 2658:Even fateful encounters with 2564:appears from the time of the 2311: 1748:New York Slave Revolt of 1712 1513:(which treated witchcraft as 1489:. Kyteler was charged by the 1458: 1098:few or none there free of it. 1002:Portuguese Inquisition at Goa 953: 917:, who was charged with heresy 708:made it binding law in 1270. 10630:Wiener, Margaret J. (1995). 10460:Wisconsin Lutheran Quarterly 10317:Stillman, Norman A. (1979). 10245:St. Clair, William (2008) . 10105:10.1371/journal.pone.0009177 10036:Schneider, Tammi J. (2008). 9445:O'Shea, Kathleen A. (1999). 9434:Osenbrüggen, Eduard (1860). 9423:Osenbrüggen, Eduard (1854). 9357:Oehlschlaeger, Emil (1866). 8708:Muslim Civilization in India 8097:DuBois, W.E.B. (July 1916). 7980:"The Golden Calf in America" 7936:Crawford, Paul, ed. (2003). 7840:. Mineola, New York: Legas. 7468:Behringer, Wolfgang (2006). 6667:Kleines Wunder an der Moldau 5467:"Maria, Burned at the Stake" 5465:CelebrateBoston.com (2014), 4813:on the execution details in 4383:(1923), in particular p. 442 4354:Already noted originally by 3974:Hamilton, Hamilton, Stoyanov 3373:Spontaneous human combustion 3285:was burned in a cage by the 3085:Lynching of Jesse Washington 2741:(30 George III. C. 48). The 1990:Barbary States, 18th century 1336:, a radical Anabaptist from 1163:Burning was used during the 1151:Burning of three witches in 1119:In 1532, Holy Roman Emperor 1036:Richard Puller von Hohenburg 872:. In the spring of 1321, in 193: 7: 11140:Hanged, drawn and quartered 10361:Sumner, William G. (2007). 10287:Stevens, George A. (1764). 9912:Rowland, Ingrid D. (2009). 9773:Quint, Emmanuel B. (2005). 9672:The A to Z of Homosexuality 9648:Pharr, Clyde (tr.) (2001). 9583:Peletz, Michael G. (2002). 8572:"Terror in New York – 1741" 8293:"Como na Chicago de Capone" 8224:Ferrier, Ronald W. (1996). 8123:. London: Chapman and Hall. 7762:. New York: The New Press. 7751:. London: Williams&Son. 7403:Anderson, James M. (2002). 7020:"Winnie Madikizela-Mandela" 6591:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2009). 5478:Mark and Phillis Executions 5051:The Case of Catherine Hayes 4405:option of public repentance 3590:. Northern Illinois Press. 3412:10.1007/978-1-59259-786-4_1 3346: 2959:(microwave oven). The film 2884:Japanese war crimes of WWII 2783:SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger 2653: 2321:did likewise to the sultan 2269:captured the Roman general 2167:Fate of a Scottish regicide 1419: 1370:hanged, drawn and quartered 1285:In Denmark, after the 1536 1177:Augustus, Elector of Saxony 1123:promulgated his penal code 550:wicker frames shaped as men 10: 11743: 11722:People executed by burning 10879:Zvi Gilat, Israel (2013). 10708:Wilson, David H. (1963) . 10678:. Cambridge: CUP Archive. 10672:Willis-Bund, J.W. (1982). 10546:Watson, Alan, ed. (1998). 10194:The Archaeological Journal 10131:Scott, George R. (2003) . 9984:Saunders, John J. (2001). 9880:Richards, William (1812). 9859:Richards, Jeffrey (2013). 9669:Pickett, Brent L. (2009). 9617:"How was executed Jan Hus" 9607:Geschichte und Predig-Buch 9168:Matsumoto, Dianna (2009). 9097:Black Bondage in the North 9094:McManus, Edgar J. (1973). 8660:"Eisenach, den 15ten July" 8643:. London: Harper Collins. 8160:Eaton, Richard M. (2005). 8155:. Vol. 20. Edinburgh. 7823:Braithwaite, John (1729). 7777:Carvacho, René M. (2004). 7741:"Burning a leper to death" 7666:Burns, William E. (2003). 7596:Blake, William O. (1857). 6188:Corduan, Winfried (2013). 5317:the three Turkish children 3943:On funeral human sacrifice 3404:Forensic Pathology Reviews 3314: 3223:, an Australian Christian 2854:Ebensee concentration camp 2624:, the practice was called 2507: 2462: 2217:led a peasants' revolt in 1449: 1429:North Berwick witch trials 1304: 1280: 898: 727:Fire and Faggot Parliament 631:Under 6th-century Emperor 456: 384:by burning, including the 272: 108: 36: 29: 27:Execution or murder method 11727:Traditions involving fire 11648: 11585: 11564: 11538: 11510: 11489: 11463: 11427: 11371: 11343: 11205: 11017: 10957: 10785:The Anti Slavery Reporter 10535:Waddell, Hope M. (1863). 10439:The Catholic Encyclopedia 10367:. New York: Cosimo, Inc. 10266:Steel, Catherine (2013). 9838:Reeder, Caryn A. (2012). 9794:Radbruch, Gustav (1992). 9562:Pavlac, Brian A. (2009). 9042:Lithgow, William (1814). 8570:Hoey, Edwin (June 1974). 8549:Hirschberg, H.Z. (1981). 8518:Herden, Ralph B. (2005). 8117:Dumas, Alexandre (1843). 8076:Digby, Kenelm H. (1853). 7915:Croft, J.Pauline (2003). 7834:Cipolla, Gaetano (2005). 7655:Bülau, Friedrich (1860). 7568:. John Wiley & Sons. 7457:Begbie, Peter J. (1834). 7427:The Trial of the Templars 6954:Transcript of radio story 6793:Como na Chicago de Capone 6380:Geschicht- und Predigbuch 5401:Gustav Rudbrach's mention 4364:Salomon, Sassoon, Saraiva 3929:On penalty for conspiracy 3716:matches the concept. See 3673:Ben-Menahem, Edrei, Hecht 3471:Maxeiner, H. (1988). "". 3168:African National Congress 3060:, 19, were arrested by a 2951:, Brazil, burning people 2577:Muslim invasions of India 2281:in this manner in 53 BC. 2198:of them was the greater. 2151:and the south of France: 2084: 2056: 1589:Greek War of Independence 1582: 1261:(1682). Anglican martyrs 769:was carried out in 1428. 737:to lay out the notorious 581: 11577:The Combustion Institute 11335: 10959:Current judicial methods 10651:Wilkinson, Toby (2011). 10530:. London: Henry Colburn. 10454:Tjernagel, N.S. (1974). 10382:Suwurow, Victor (1995). 9717:. New York: Touchstone. 9466:Pagán, Victoria (2012). 9429:. Leipzig: J.G. Hinrich. 9363:. Posen: Louis Merzbach. 9244:Mooney, John A. (1919). 9147:Matar, Nabil I. (2013). 8895:Kyle, Donald G. (2002). 8864:Koch, Johann C. (1824). 8772:. London: Henry G. Bohn. 8497:Heng, Geraldine (2013). 8377:Gräff, Heinrich (1834). 8316:Fraser, Antonia (1997). 8128:Durso, Keith E. (2007). 8027:. Abhinav Publications. 7957:Crompton, Louis (2006). 7880:. Taylor & Francis. 7857:Visigothic Spain 409–711 7565:Classics in Spectroscopy 7424:Barber, Malcolm (1993). 6869:"Alejandra María Torres" 6333:pp. 211–212, footnote 56 6214:Women in the Sacred Laws 6212:Shakuntala Rao Shastri, 5421:Modern newspaper article 4719:According to eyewitness 4665:How was executed Jan Hus 4442:Coward, Dynes, Donaldson 4227:Matilde Gini de Barnatan 3221:Dr Graham Stuart Staines 3177:It was reported that in 2902:Imperial Japanese troops 2267:Mithridates VI of Pontus 1900:Converts to Christianity 1752:slave conspiracy of 1741 1620:According to the jurist 1540:a fable and denying the 1346:Lichfield, Staffordshire 791:Royal Library of Belgium 471:Tanit with a lion's head 426:issued an edict against 10910:CapitalPunishmentUK.org 10548:The Digest of Justinian 10188:Smirke, Edward (1865). 9817:Rapley, Robert (2001). 9440:. Schaffhausen: Hurter. 9391:2027/njp.32101058862515 9323:Murphy, Cullen (2012). 8832:Kantor, Máttis (2005). 8811:Kantor, Mattis (1993). 8230:. London: I.B. Tauris. 8181:Eraly, Abraham (2011). 7855:Collins, Roger (2004). 7541:Benn, James A. (2007). 7350:Burnt body victim named 6992:14 October 2007 at the 6798:15 October 2007 at the 6646:Wilfried F. Schoeller: 5965:Marcus Licinius Crassus 5509:Terror in New York–1741 5141:Ledrede, Davidson, Ward 4748:Foxe, Townsend, Cattley 4630:28 January 2019 at the 4576:Theft of sacred objects 4375:See extensive table at 4235:on Mexico City incident 4004:Trenchard-Smith, Turner 3790:Winroth, Müller, Sommar 3582:Redford, Susan (2002). 2799:that the Nazi staff of 2670: 2665:Vincent de Valle Viridi 2327:fall of Baghdad in 1258 2279:Marcus Licinius Crassus 1521:(which treated it as a 1291:Christian IV of Denmark 1115:Penal code of Charles V 1022:"Crimes against nature" 491:. The earliest writer, 418:presumably having been 11419:Spontaneous combustion 10609:White, Jon M. (2011). 10401:Telchin, Stan (2004). 10298:Stewart, Alan (2003). 9891:Roth, Mitchel (2010). 9126:Markoe, Glenn (2000). 9118:The Institutes of Menu 9073:McLynn, Frank (2013). 8853:Klein, Samuel (1833). 8411:Grote, George (2013). 8044:"Religion of Carthage" 7756:Carr, Matthew (2009). 7642:Cite journal requires 7367:The New Zealand Herald 7084:Southern Africa Report 6655:.de, 16 December 2007. 6473:Leonid D. Grenkevich; 5544:René Millar Carvacho, 5443:pp. 21–22, footnote 83 4801:(2001), in particular 4377:Portuguese Inquisition 3111:, an African-American 3092: 3058:Rodrigo Rojas de Negri 3054:Carmen Gloria Quintana 3024:Banned from Television 2912:after Japanese forces 2897: 2812: 2702: 2693: 2649:Indigenous cannibalism 2579:, and the practice of 2538: 2523: 2456: 2448: 2348: 2292: 2250: 2241: 2211: 2164: 2112: 2082: 2049:, deposing the ruling 2009: 1938: 1737:Marie-Joseph Angélique 1695: 1682: 1616:Last judicial burnings 1417: 1383: 1214: 1199: 1160: 1101: 1047: 1008:Portuguese Inquisition 918: 794: 787:Antiquitates Flandriae 722:De heretico comburendo 670: 623: 567: 533: 472: 407: 369: 352: 308: 291: 279:Middle Assyrian period 63: 10710:King James VI & 1 10588:Weiss, Moshe (2004). 10433:Thurston, H. (1912). 10173:Shaw, Thomas (1757). 9954:"A Kill Before Dying" 9865:. London: Routledge. 9696:. London: Routledge. 9200:Miller, John (1972). 9079:. London: Routledge. 8901:. London: Routledge. 8777:Kamen, Henry (1999). 8681:. London: Routledge. 8635:Hogge, Alice (2005). 8595:Hofmann, Tom (2013). 8474:Hahn, C-G.L. (1966). 8432:Haldon, John (1997). 8417:. London: Routledge. 7629:. London: J. Francis. 7499:. London: Routledge. 6949:National Public Radio 6843:Associated Press News 6023:Cummins, Cole, Zorach 5192:The Irish Independent 5049:See website article, 4727:(1974, web reprint), 4661:Peter from Mladonovic 4553:Malevolent witchcraft 4408:Puff, Bennett, Karras 4239:Eva Alexandra Uchmany 3882:15 March 2009 at the 3276:Pakistan Armed Forces 3254:On 19 June 2008, the 3162:opposition. In 1986, 3083: 2969:) and the video game 2891: 2837:Revenge against Nazis 2743:Parliament of Ireland 2697: 2685: 2529: 2517: 2463:Further information: 2452: 2444: 2343: 2329:to the Mongol army. ( 2287: 2245: 2236: 2230:accounts of abortion/ 2209: 2153: 2110: 2071: 2003: 1928: 1920:Cap upon their Head." 1910:The French traveller 1757:In 1731, 51-year-old 1693: 1672: 1542:resurrection of Jesus 1412: 1378: 1205: 1194: 1165:witch-hunts of Europe 1150: 1094: 1029: 908: 899:Further information: 780: 743:justices of the peace 664: 617: 554: 524: 470: 457:Further information: 411:Constantine the Great 403: 401:, a flammable tunic: 365: 347: 303: 283: 49: 10691:Wills, C.J. (1891). 10524:Tully, Miss (1817). 9965:Sashi, S.S. (1996). 9189:Miley, John (1843). 9021:Lee, Samuel (2010). 8675:Hunter, W.W (2013). 8042:Decker, Roy (2001). 6748:on 25 September 2013 6297:Yang, Sarkar, Sarkar 6249:Yang, Sarkar, Sarkar 6222:8 April 2014 at the 5023:Burning at the stake 4880:Foxe, Milner, Cobbin 4865:Foxe, Milner, Cobbin 4850:Foxe, Milner, Cobbin 4670:6 March 2013 at the 4625:Neun Millionen Hexen 4597:, 2010 web resource. 4438:On Geneva and Venice 3788:, as referred to in 3753:. Law text found in 3586:The Harem Conspiracy 3001:Guatemalan Altiplano 2980:Guatemalan Civil War 2931:in the midst of the 2504:Indian widow burning 2380:Ahmadnagar Sultanate 1950:is the term used by 1935:are burnt with fyer. 1779:Peruvian Inquisition 1765:for another murder. 1675:Mariana de Carabajal 1425:James VI of Scotland 1312:ordered hundreds of 1185:nine million witches 1143:Witches and heretics 1103:In 1409 and 1532 in 1067:Kingdom of Jerusalem 864:Lepers' Plot of 1321 793:manuscript 1376/77). 783:Black Death Epidemic 767:posthumous execution 759:Council of Constance 677:occurred in 1022 at 627:Eastern Roman Empire 242:Crown Prince Osorkon 103:burning at the stake 11103:Republican marriage 11032:Damnatio ad bestias 10796:Wood, Alan (2011). 10221:The Daily Telegraph 10096:2010PLoSO...5.9177S 9651:The Theodosian Code 9055:"The Fairy Defense" 8870:. Marburg: Krieger. 8616:Hogg, Gary (1980). 8227:A Journey To Persia 8021:Das, Sukla (1977). 7198:A Kill Before Dying 7044:(27 January 1989). 6813:(1983), pp. 699–737 6675:, 10 November 2008. 6277:Columbia University 5847:A History of Malaya 5686:De Thevenot, Lovell 5525:deathpenaltyusa.org 5100:(2005), pp. 303–304 4990:Direct citation in 4807:classic description 4734:7 July 2010 at the 4510:As late as in 1730 4366:(2001), pp. 345–347 4345:, Shaar Press, 2016 3993:p. 333, footnote 22 3906:Generally skeptical 3895:Generally accepting 3368:Relaxado en persona 2842:Benjamin B. Ferencz 2550:Indian subcontinent 2333:'s version is that 2176:James I of Scotland 2061:During a famine in 2041:made a short-lived 1860:The Arab chieftain 1538:Christian scripture 1455:Petronilla de Meath 1366:burned at the stake 1323:Actes and Monuments 1318:Marian Persecutions 1231:Girolamo Savonarola 998:were burned alive. 950:Hernando del Pulgar 923:Spanish Inquisition 895:Spanish Inquisition 847:Strasbourg massacre 729:met in May 1414 at 618:The burning of the 32:Burned at the Stake 11275:Wrongful execution 11187:Suffocation in ash 11043:Blowing from a gun 10951:Capital punishment 10870:has generic name ( 10770:has generic name ( 10515:has generic name ( 10234:"Der Letzte Feuer" 9764:has generic name ( 9508:10.1007/bf00912078 9496:Theory and Society 9287:has generic name ( 9059:The New York Times 9012:has generic name ( 8973:has generic name ( 8859:. Leipzig: Wigand. 8757:has generic name ( 8698:Embree, Ainslie T. 8303:on 15 October 2007 8267:has generic name ( 8012:has generic name ( 7906:has generic name ( 7709:has generic name ( 7525:has generic name ( 7480:on 28 January 2019 7452:. 27 January 1999. 6849:on 28 January 2019 6113:Sharma, Srivastava 5865:p. 305, footnote 1 5242:. IrishCentral.com 5128:de Ledrede, Wright 5055:rictornorton.co.uk 4621:Wolfgang Behringer 4580:Article 172, p. 84 4572:Article 125, p. 61 4564:Article 116, p. 58 4557:Article 109, p. 55 4549:Article 111, p. 52 4322:The New York Times 4189:Pasachoff, Littman 4054:Both incidents in 4008:p. 48, footnote 58 3978:p. 13, footnote 42 3748:Codex Theodosianus 3554:Osorkon incident, 3485:10.1007/BF00200288 3303:In December 2016, 3093: 2992:Otto René Castillo 2898: 2796:The Jerusalem Post 2777:. During the 1943 2725:, found guilty of 2633:Sub-Saharan Africa 2593:East India Company 2539: 2524: 2349: 2293: 2212: 2113: 2021:Emperor of Morocco 2015:at the same time, 1980:Üç Şerefeli Mosque 1794:In 1855 the Dutch 1696: 1683: 1622:Eduard Osenbrüggen 1547:The brothel madam 1511:ecclesiastical law 1495:Richard de Ledrede 1374:William Blackstone 1330:in 1563 and 1570. 1215: 1200: 1198:burnt at the stake 1161: 1071:Alfonso "El Sabio" 1048: 919: 835:poisoned the wells 795: 731:Grey Friars Priory 696:in 1197. In 1224, 694:Pedro II of Aragon 671: 624: 534: 479:the North African 473: 370: 252:had to personally 87:capital punishment 64: 18:Burnt at the stake 11702:Execution methods 11689: 11688: 11598:List of wildfires 11303: 11302: 11280:Botched execution 10885:Jewish Law Annual 10489:. Leiden: Brill. 10063:. Leyden: Brill. 9958:Rediff on the Net 9937:. Leyden: Brill. 8838:. Zichron Press. 8576:American Heritage 8414:History of Greece 8291:França, Ronaldo. 8120:Celebrated crimes 8099:"The Waco Horror" 7463:. Madras: Author. 7370:. 29 January 2011 7302:. 31 August 2015. 7242:. 4 February 2015 7216:. 3 February 2015 7175:. 27 January 1999 6273:Frances Pritchett 5701:Moryson, Hadfield 5656:Zurkhana, Houtsma 5290:The Fairy Defense 5194:. 11 August 2010. 5094:Robert Abercromby 4894:For Denmark, see 4768:Out of the Flames 4684:Mooney, Patterson 4071:Prager, Telushkin 3863:On Diodorus, see 3783:Codex Justinianus 3358:Muath al-Kasasbeh 3326:domestic violence 3199:Armenian genocide 3138:Cases from Africa 2896:, about 1938–1939 2848:after the end of 2556:on her husband's 2554:immolates herself 2498:Emperor Aurangzeb 2384:Sultanate of Aceh 2302:, the perfidious 2188:Sir Robert Graham 2182:, the later Pope 2149:Iberian Peninsula 2051:Karamanli dynasty 1840:Islamic countries 1677:(converted Jew), 1665:Colonial Americas 1530:Adam Duff O'Toole 1528:In 1327 or 1328, 1468:, a 14th-century 1173:Holy Roman Empire 1155:(1585), from the 1060:Council of Nablus 1044:Spiezer Schilling 517:Celtic traditions 382:Christian martyrs 311:Hebraic tradition 260:in which pharaoh 246:Jon Manchip White 199:Ancient Near East 81:method involving 16:(Redirected from 11734: 11679: 11668: 11667: 11657: 11656: 11502:Death by burning 11464:Individual fires 11330: 11323: 11316: 11307: 11306: 10989:Nitrogen hypoxia 10984:Lethal injection 10944: 10937: 10930: 10921: 10920: 10898: 10875: 10869: 10865: 10863: 10855: 10834: 10813: 10792: 10775: 10769: 10765: 10763: 10755: 10734: 10723: 10704: 10687: 10668: 10647: 10626: 10605: 10584: 10572: 10561: 10542: 10531: 10520: 10514: 10510: 10508: 10500: 10479: 10474:. Archived from 10450: 10448: 10446: 10429: 10418: 10407:. Chosen Books. 10397: 10378: 10357: 10336: 10324: 10313: 10294: 10283: 10262: 10241: 10228: 10218: 10209: 10184: 10169: 10146: 10127: 10117: 10107: 10074: 10053: 10032: 10001: 9980: 9961: 9948: 9929: 9908: 9887: 9876: 9855: 9834: 9813: 9790: 9769: 9763: 9759: 9757: 9749: 9728: 9707: 9686: 9665: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9631:. Archived from 9611: 9600: 9579: 9558: 9537: 9519: 9493: 9483: 9462: 9441: 9430: 9419: 9393: 9364: 9353: 9342: 9330: 9319: 9298:"Fynes Moryson, 9292: 9286: 9282: 9280: 9272: 9251: 9240: 9219: 9207: 9196: 9185: 9164: 9143: 9122: 9111: 9090: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9049: 9038: 9017: 9011: 9007: 9005: 8997: 8978: 8972: 8968: 8966: 8958: 8947: 8936: 8923: 8912: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8871: 8860: 8849: 8828: 8807: 8794: 8773: 8762: 8756: 8752: 8750: 8742: 8721: 8705: 8692: 8671: 8654: 8642: 8631: 8612: 8591: 8566: 8545: 8536: 8514: 8493: 8470: 8449: 8428: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8395:Folha de S.Paulo 8384: 8373: 8352: 8331: 8320:. Anchor Books. 8312: 8310: 8308: 8299:. Archived from 8287: 8272: 8266: 8262: 8260: 8252: 8241: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8198: 8177: 8156: 8145: 8124: 8113: 8103: 8093: 8072: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8054:on 15 March 2009 8050:. Archived from 8038: 8017: 8011: 8007: 8005: 7997: 7974: 7953: 7932: 7911: 7905: 7901: 7899: 7891: 7870: 7851: 7830: 7819: 7798: 7773: 7752: 7735: 7714: 7708: 7704: 7702: 7694: 7683: 7662: 7651: 7645: 7640: 7638: 7630: 7617: 7592: 7579: 7558: 7537: 7530: 7524: 7520: 7518: 7510: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7476:. Archived from 7464: 7453: 7441: 7420: 7399: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7358: 7352: 7343: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7258: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7206: 7200: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7165: 7159: 7154: 7148: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7100: 7081: 7072: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7042:Beresford, David 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7016: 7010: 7005:Hilton, Ronald. 7003: 6997: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6963: 6957: 6952:. 13 May 2006. ( 6937: 6931: 6917: 6911: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6835: 6829: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6734: 6728: 6719: 6713: 6708: 6702: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6676: 6662: 6656: 6644: 6638: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6572:. 8 January 2014 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6511: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6470: 6464: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6435: 6429: 6420: 6414: 6407: 6401: 6392: 6386: 6376: 6370: 6361: 6355: 6349: 6343: 6329:Schulte Nordholt 6325: 6319: 6310: 6304: 6285: 6279: 6261: 6255: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6185: 6179: 6170: 6164: 6155: 6149: 6140: 6134: 6125: 6119: 6110: 6104: 6095: 6089: 6080: 6074: 6065: 6059: 6050: 6044: 6035: 6029: 6020: 6014: 6004: 5998: 5973: 5967: 5962: 5956: 5947: 5941: 5931: 5925: 5916: 5910: 5901: 5895: 5893:p. 131, column 1 5886: 5880: 5873: 5867: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5841: 5835: 5826: 5820: 5811: 5805: 5796: 5790: 5777: 5771: 5762: 5756: 5747: 5741: 5732: 5726: 5713: 5707: 5698: 5692: 5683: 5677: 5668: 5662: 5653: 5647: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5610: 5600: 5594: 5585: 5579: 5570: 5564: 5555: 5549: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5517: 5511: 5502: 5496: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5436: 5430: 5428:Das Letzte Feuer 5393:Original account 5390: 5384: 5382:p. 760, column 2 5370:Bischoff, Hitzig 5366: 5360: 5350:Bischoff, Hitzig 5346: 5340: 5330: 5324: 5301:William St Clair 5298: 5292: 5283: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5174:IrishCentral.com 5166: 5160: 5150: 5144: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5116: 5107: 5101: 5067: 5061: 5047: 5041: 5032: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5004: 4998: 4988: 4982: 4973: 4967: 4958: 4952: 4943: 4937: 4927: 4921: 4908: 4902: 4892: 4886: 4877: 4871: 4862: 4856: 4847: 4841: 4827: 4821: 4796:modern monograph 4792: 4786: 4776: 4770: 4760: 4754: 4744: 4738: 4717: 4711: 4705:Landucci, Jarvis 4701: 4695: 4680: 4674: 4657: 4651: 4641: 4635: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4598: 4588: 4582: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4522: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4484: 4478: 4469: 4463: 4454: 4448: 4435: 4429: 4420: 4414: 4390: 4384: 4373: 4367: 4352: 4346: 4341:Nachman Seltzer, 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4313: 4307: 4298: 4292: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4266: 4260: 4251: 4245: 4219:Stillman, Zucker 4216: 4210: 4201: 4195: 4173: 4167: 4157: 4151: 4142: 4136: 4127: 4121: 4112: 4106: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4083: 4077: 4068: 4062: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4016: 4010: 4001: 3995: 3986: 3980: 3971: 3965: 3955: 3949: 3947:pp. 150–151 3922: 3916: 3892: 3886: 3853: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3817: 3811: 3802: 3796: 3779: 3773: 3745: 3739: 3730: 3724: 3712:as contained in 3703: 3697: 3696: 3685: 3679: 3669: 3663: 3653: 3647: 3638: 3632: 3623: 3617: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3589: 3579: 3573: 3564: 3558: 3545: 3539: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3399: 3283:Moaz al-Kasasbeh 3109:Jesse Washington 3107:on 15 May 1916. 3068:neighborhood of 3050:Augusto Pinochet 2925:Palawan massacre 2921:prisoners of war 2910:Nanjing Massacre 2846:Nuremberg trials 2817: 2731:Treason Act 1790 2723:Catherine Murphy 2711:Benjamin Hammett 2677:internecine wars 2492:was burned with 2316: 2313: 2271:Manius Aquillius 1995:John Braithwaite 1956:Şakaiki Numaniye 1912:Jean de Thevenot 1630: 1568:County Tipperary 1566:(née Boland), a 1491:Bishop of Ossory 1463: 1460: 1400:Catherine Murphy 1247:Michael Servetus 1235:Patrick Hamilton 1219:Jacques de Molay 996:Catalina Terongi 958: 955: 915:Anneken Hendriks 858:host desecration 815:host desecration 773:Burnings of Jews 610:Christian states 497:Diodorus Siculus 428:male prostitutes 421: 417: 374:Christian legend 329:Book of Jubilees 299:Ashurnasirpal II 258:harem conspiracy 156:mucous membranes 67:Death by burning 21: 11742: 11741: 11737: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11732: 11731: 11717:Causes of death 11692: 11691: 11690: 11685: 11644: 11581: 11560: 11534: 11506: 11485: 11459: 11423: 11409:Fire protection 11367: 11339: 11334: 11304: 11299: 11265:List of methods 11250:Final statement 11201: 11022: 11020: 11013: 10953: 10948: 10906: 10901: 10895: 10867: 10866: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10831: 10810: 10767: 10766: 10757: 10756: 10752: 10720: 10695:. p. 204. 10665: 10644: 10623: 10602: 10581: 10558: 10512: 10511: 10502: 10501: 10497: 10478:on 7 July 2010. 10444: 10442: 10415: 10394: 10375: 10354: 10333: 10310: 10280: 10259: 10166: 10143: 10071: 10050: 10021: 9998: 9977: 9945: 9926: 9905: 9873: 9852: 9831: 9810: 9787: 9761: 9760: 9751: 9750: 9746: 9725: 9704: 9683: 9662: 9638: 9636: 9635:on 6 March 2013 9621:Newyorske listy 9597: 9576: 9555: 9491: 9480: 9459: 9382:10.2307/1946342 9339: 9316: 9284: 9283: 9274: 9273: 9269: 9237: 9216: 9182: 9161: 9140: 9108: 9087: 9063: 9061: 9035: 9009: 9008: 8999: 8998: 8994: 8970: 8969: 8960: 8959: 8909: 8885: 8883: 8846: 8825: 8791: 8754: 8753: 8744: 8743: 8739: 8718: 8689: 8651: 8628: 8609: 8563: 8533: 8511: 8490: 8467: 8446: 8425: 8401: 8399: 8370: 8349: 8328: 8306: 8304: 8264: 8263: 8254: 8253: 8238: 8214: 8212: 8195: 8174: 8142: 8101: 8090: 8057: 8055: 8035: 8009: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7971: 7950: 7929: 7903: 7902: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7867: 7848: 7816: 7795: 7770: 7732: 7706: 7705: 7696: 7695: 7680: 7643: 7641: 7632: 7631: 7614: 7576: 7555: 7531: 7522: 7521: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7483: 7481: 7444: 7438: 7417: 7389: 7384: 7383: 7373: 7371: 7360: 7359: 7355: 7344: 7340: 7331: 7325: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7307: 7300:The Independent 7294: 7293: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7259: 7255: 7245: 7243: 7234: 7233: 7229: 7219: 7217: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7192: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7167: 7166: 7162: 7155: 7151: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7118: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7079: 7073: 7066: 7056: 7054: 7039: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7018: 7017: 7013: 7004: 7000: 6994:Wayback Machine 6985: 6981: 6973: 6964: 6960: 6938: 6934: 6918: 6914: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6893: 6886: 6882: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6852: 6850: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6823:Garrard-Burnett 6821: 6817: 6809: 6805: 6800:Wayback Machine 6787: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6770:. WordReference 6766: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6749: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6705: 6698: 6694: 6686: 6679: 6664:Gernot Facius: 6663: 6659: 6653:Deutschlandfunk 6645: 6641: 6630: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6607: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6573: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6545:The Irish Times 6539: 6538: 6534: 6524: 6522: 6521:on 21 July 2018 6513: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6498: 6491: 6475:David M. Glantz 6471: 6467: 6462: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6421: 6417: 6408: 6404: 6393: 6389: 6377: 6373: 6362: 6358: 6350: 6346: 6326: 6322: 6311: 6307: 6286: 6282: 6262: 6258: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6230: 6224:Wayback Machine 6211: 6207: 6200: 6186: 6182: 6171: 6167: 6156: 6152: 6141: 6137: 6126: 6122: 6111: 6107: 6096: 6092: 6081: 6077: 6066: 6062: 6051: 6047: 6036: 6032: 6021: 6017: 6005: 6001: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5959: 5948: 5944: 5932: 5928: 5917: 5913: 5902: 5898: 5887: 5883: 5874: 5870: 5859: 5855: 5842: 5838: 5827: 5823: 5812: 5808: 5797: 5793: 5778: 5774: 5763: 5759: 5748: 5744: 5733: 5729: 5714: 5710: 5699: 5695: 5684: 5680: 5669: 5665: 5654: 5650: 5640:Marsham, Andrew 5638: 5634: 5619: 5601: 5597: 5586: 5582: 5571: 5567: 5556: 5552: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5503: 5499: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5437: 5433: 5391: 5387: 5367: 5363: 5347: 5343: 5331: 5327: 5299: 5295: 5284: 5277: 5267: 5265: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5236: 5232: 5221: 5217: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5151: 5147: 5138: 5134: 5126: 5119: 5108: 5104: 5068: 5064: 5048: 5044: 5033: 5029: 5020: 5016: 5005: 5001: 4989: 4985: 4974: 4970: 4959: 4955: 4944: 4940: 4928: 4924: 4909: 4905: 4893: 4889: 4878: 4874: 4863: 4859: 4848: 4844: 4828: 4824: 4811:Alexandre Dumas 4793: 4789: 4777: 4773: 4761: 4757: 4745: 4741: 4736:Wayback Machine 4718: 4714: 4702: 4698: 4681: 4677: 4672:Wayback Machine 4658: 4654: 4642: 4638: 4632:Wayback Machine 4618: 4614: 4605: 4601: 4589: 4585: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4485: 4481: 4470: 4466: 4455: 4451: 4436: 4432: 4421: 4417: 4391: 4387: 4374: 4370: 4353: 4349: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4314: 4310: 4299: 4295: 4282: 4278: 4267: 4263: 4252: 4248: 4217: 4213: 4202: 4198: 4174: 4170: 4158: 4154: 4143: 4139: 4128: 4124: 4113: 4109: 4098: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4069: 4065: 4053: 4049: 4038: 4034: 4017: 4013: 4002: 3998: 3987: 3983: 3972: 3968: 3956: 3952: 3923: 3919: 3893: 3889: 3884:Wayback Machine 3854: 3850: 3839: 3835: 3818: 3814: 3803: 3799: 3780: 3776: 3746: 3742: 3731: 3727: 3704: 3700: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3671:Quotation from 3670: 3666: 3654: 3650: 3639: 3635: 3624: 3620: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3580: 3576: 3565: 3561: 3546: 3542: 3531: 3527: 3512: 3508: 3469: 3465: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3422: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3378:Witchcraft Acts 3349: 3319: 3313: 3191: 3140: 3078: 2984:Guatemalan Army 2945: 2937:air raid sirens 2886: 2866: 2839: 2820:Sturmbannführer 2814:Sturmbannführer 2779:Khatyn massacre 2775:Jedwabne pogrom 2771: 2755: 2753:Modern burnings 2707: 2673: 2656: 2651: 2635: 2512: 2506: 2483: 2467: 2461: 2432:self-immolation 2428: 2419: 2369: 2357:Kingdom of Siam 2314: 2263: 2258: 2227: 2204: 2169: 2105: 2103:The brazen bull 2096: 2087: 2059: 1992: 1943: 1941:Muslim heretics 1902: 1874: 1858: 1842: 1812: 1771: 1731:, then part of 1688: 1667: 1648:Gustav Radbruch 1624: 1618: 1585: 1536:after branding 1461: 1452: 1433:Anne of Denmark 1422: 1404:Catherine Hayes 1355:William Sawtrey 1338:Burton on Trent 1334:Edward Wightman 1307: 1283: 1271:Nicholas Ridley 1255:Urbain Grandier 1243:William Tyndale 1145: 1117: 1086:William Lithgow 1030:Burning of two 1024: 1016:Goa Inquisition 1004: 968:Río de la Plata 956: 903: 897: 866: 811:Philip Augustus 775: 667:Knights Templar 665:Burning of the 659: 629: 612: 600:Pope Gregory IX 584: 527:A Tour in Wales 519: 477:child sacrifice 465: 455: 419: 415: 360: 313: 275: 226: 210:Babylonian King 206: 201: 196: 191: 183:pulmonary edema 154:or bleeding of 111: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11740: 11730: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11687: 11686: 11684: 11683: 11672: 11661: 11649: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11642: 11637: 11635:Slash-and-burn 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11601: 11600: 11589: 11587: 11583: 11582: 11580: 11579: 11574: 11568: 11566: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11542: 11540: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11532: 11527: 11526: 11525: 11514: 11512: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11504: 11499: 11493: 11491: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11467: 11465: 11461: 11460: 11458: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11431: 11429: 11425: 11424: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11389:Dust explosion 11386: 11381: 11379:Chain reaction 11375: 11373: 11369: 11368: 11366: 11365: 11360: 11358:Historic fires 11355: 11349: 11347: 11341: 11340: 11333: 11332: 11325: 11318: 11310: 11301: 11300: 11298: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11246: 11245: 11240: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11209: 11207: 11206:Related topics 11203: 11202: 11200: 11199: 11194: 11192:Upright jerker 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11106: 11105: 11095: 11090: 11088:Disembowelment 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11058:Breaking wheel 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11027: 11025: 11021:Post-classical 11015: 11014: 11012: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10980: 10979: 10969: 10963: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10947: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10924: 10918: 10917: 10912: 10905: 10904:External links 10902: 10900: 10899: 10894:978-1136013768 10893: 10876: 10851:978-0253352699 10850: 10835: 10830:978-9004082656 10829: 10814: 10809:978-0340971246 10808: 10793: 10776: 10751:978-0813214627 10750: 10735: 10724: 10718: 10705: 10688: 10669: 10664:978-1408810026 10663: 10648: 10643:978-0226885827 10642: 10627: 10622:978-0486425108 10621: 10606: 10601:978-0742544024 10600: 10585: 10580:978-0226885681 10579: 10562: 10557:978-0812220360 10556: 10543: 10532: 10521: 10496:978-9004187498 10495: 10480: 10451: 10430: 10419: 10414:978-0800793722 10413: 10398: 10392: 10379: 10374:978-1602067585 10373: 10358: 10353:978-0791414026 10352: 10337: 10332:978-0827611559 10331: 10314: 10308: 10295: 10284: 10279:978-0748619443 10278: 10263: 10258:978-1906924003 10257: 10242: 10229: 10210: 10185: 10170: 10165:978-0391023581 10164: 10147: 10142:978-0766140639 10141: 10128: 10075: 10070:978-9004253759 10069: 10054: 10049:978-1441206015 10048: 10033: 10020:978-1422371275 10019: 10002: 9997:978-0812217667 9996: 9981: 9976:978-8170418597 9975: 9962: 9949: 9944:978-9004120808 9943: 9930: 9925:978-0226730240 9924: 9909: 9904:978-0495809883 9903: 9888: 9877: 9872:978-1136127007 9871: 9856: 9851:978-1441236197 9850: 9835: 9830:978-0773523128 9829: 9814: 9809:978-3811450912 9808: 9791: 9786:978-9652293237 9785: 9770: 9745:978-0199582174 9744: 9729: 9724:978-1416591238 9723: 9708: 9703:978-1136162817 9702: 9687: 9682:978-0810870727 9681: 9666: 9661:978-1584771463 9660: 9645: 9612: 9601: 9596:978-0691095080 9595: 9580: 9575:978-0313348730 9574: 9559: 9554:978-0742543669 9553: 9538: 9502:(6): 699–737. 9484: 9479:978-0292749795 9478: 9463: 9458:978-0275959524 9457: 9442: 9431: 9420: 9365: 9354: 9343: 9338:978-0618091560 9337: 9320: 9315:978-0198711865 9314: 9293: 9268:978-1590335031 9267: 9252: 9241: 9236:978-8178351933 9235: 9220: 9215:978-0521202367 9214: 9197: 9186: 9181:978-1600375538 9180: 9165: 9160:978-0231512084 9159: 9144: 9139:978-0520226142 9138: 9123: 9112: 9107:978-0815628934 9106: 9091: 9086:978-1136093081 9085: 9070: 9050: 9039: 9034:978-0761849506 9033: 9018: 8993:978-1889818429 8992: 8979: 8948: 8937: 8929:"Freedom Lost" 8924: 8913: 8908:978-0203006351 8907: 8892: 8872: 8861: 8850: 8845:978-0967037837 8844: 8829: 8824:978-1461631491 8823: 8808: 8795: 8790:978-0300078800 8789: 8774: 8763: 8738:978-0852444016 8737: 8722: 8717:978-0231025805 8716: 8693: 8688:978-1136383014 8687: 8672: 8655: 8649: 8632: 8627:978-0774029254 8626: 8613: 8608:978-0786474936 8607: 8592: 8567: 8562:978-9004062955 8561: 8546: 8537: 8531: 8515: 8510:978-0231500678 8509: 8494: 8488: 8471: 8466:978-0719047657 8465: 8450: 8445:978-0521319171 8444: 8429: 8424:978-1134593781 8423: 8408: 8385: 8374: 8369:978-1108052245 8368: 8353: 8348:978-0195379648 8347: 8332: 8327:978-0385471909 8326: 8313: 8288: 8273: 8242: 8237:978-1850435648 8236: 8221: 8199: 8194:978-0670084784 8193: 8178: 8173:978-0521254847 8172: 8157: 8146: 8141:978-0881460919 8140: 8125: 8114: 8094: 8089:978-0837085012 8088: 8073: 8064: 8039: 8034:978-8170170549 8033: 8018: 7993:978-0754652908 7992: 7975: 7970:978-0674030060 7969: 7954: 7949:978-1840146189 7948: 7933: 7927: 7912: 7887:978-0815305507 7886: 7871: 7865: 7852: 7847:978-1881901457 7846: 7831: 7820: 7815:978-0801844300 7814: 7799: 7794:978-9562827089 7793: 7774: 7769:978-1595583611 7768: 7753: 7736: 7731:978-0253353856 7730: 7715: 7684: 7679:978-0313321429 7678: 7663: 7652: 7644:|journal= 7623:"The Athenæum" 7618: 7613:978-0312272883 7612: 7593: 7580: 7575:978-3527325160 7574: 7559: 7554:978-0824829926 7553: 7538: 7506:978-0415500494 7505: 7490: 7474:historicum.net 7465: 7454: 7442: 7437:978-0521457279 7436: 7421: 7416:978-0313316678 7415: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7353: 7338: 7319: 7305: 7287: 7253: 7227: 7201: 7186: 7160: 7149: 7138: 7112: 7064: 7033: 7011: 6998: 6979: 6967:Bingaman, Jeff 6958: 6932: 6912: 6903: 6880: 6860: 6830: 6815: 6803: 6781: 6759: 6729: 6714: 6703: 6692: 6688:Volker Ullrich 6677: 6657: 6639: 6624: 6612: 6606:978-1597972741 6605: 6583: 6557: 6532: 6506: 6496: 6489: 6465: 6456: 6445:. 10 July 2022 6430: 6415: 6402: 6387: 6371: 6356: 6344: 6320: 6305: 6280: 6256: 6240: 6228: 6205: 6199:978-0830871971 6198: 6180: 6165: 6150: 6135: 6120: 6105: 6098:Berger, Sicker 6090: 6075: 6060: 6045: 6030: 6015: 5999: 5968: 5957: 5942: 5926: 5911: 5896: 5889:Encycl. Perth. 5881: 5868: 5853: 5836: 5821: 5806: 5791: 5772: 5757: 5742: 5727: 5708: 5693: 5678: 5663: 5648: 5632: 5617: 5595: 5580: 5565: 5550: 5537: 5512: 5497: 5482: 5470: 5458: 5446: 5431: 5385: 5361: 5341: 5325: 5321:baked in ovens 5309:Hydra incident 5293: 5275: 5253: 5230: 5215: 5210:Irish Examiner 5197: 5179: 5176:. 11 May 2017. 5161: 5145: 5132: 5117: 5102: 5062: 5042: 5027: 5014: 4999: 4983: 4968: 4953: 4938: 4922: 4903: 4887: 4872: 4857: 4842: 4822: 4787: 4771: 4755: 4739: 4721:Alexander Ales 4712: 4696: 4675: 4652: 4636: 4612: 4599: 4583: 4532: 4523: 4503: 4494: 4479: 4464: 4449: 4430: 4415: 4385: 4368: 4347: 4334: 4308: 4293: 4289:978-0114402181 4276: 4261: 4246: 4211: 4196: 4168: 4152: 4137: 4122: 4107: 4092: 4078: 4063: 4047: 4032: 4011: 3996: 3981: 3966: 3950: 3917: 3887: 3848: 3833: 3812: 3797: 3774: 3763:Constantius II 3740: 3725: 3698: 3680: 3664: 3648: 3633: 3618: 3603: 3597:978-0875802954 3596: 3574: 3559: 3540: 3525: 3506: 3463: 3445: 3427: 3421:978-1617375507 3420: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3353:Jungle justice 3348: 3345: 3315:Main article: 3312: 3309: 3195:Ottoman troops 3190: 3187: 3172:Nelson Mandela 3164:Winnie Mandela 3139: 3136: 3077: 3074: 3064:patrol in the 3031:Guatemala City 2961:Tropa de Elite 2949:Rio de Janeiro 2944: 2941: 2885: 2882: 2865: 2862: 2838: 2835: 2828:Dora-Mittelbau 2824:SS camp guards 2770: 2767: 2754: 2751: 2727:counterfeiting 2706: 2703: 2672: 2669: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2641:in modern-day 2634: 2631: 2508:Main article: 2505: 2502: 2482: 2479: 2460: 2457: 2434:existed among 2427: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2368: 2365: 2345:Theodor de Bry 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2226: 2223: 2203: 2200: 2168: 2165: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2058: 2055: 1991: 1988: 1952:Taş Köprü Zade 1942: 1939: 1901: 1898: 1873: 1870: 1857: 1854: 1841: 1838: 1834:Saint-Domingue 1811: 1808: 1800:Julien Wolbers 1798:and historian 1770: 1767: 1687: 1684: 1666: 1663: 1617: 1614: 1610:Constantinople 1584: 1581: 1564:Bridget Cleary 1517:) rather than 1470:Hiberno-Norman 1451: 1448: 1421: 1418: 1344:in England in 1306: 1303: 1282: 1279: 1275:Thomas Cranmer 1251:Giordano Bruno 1211:Hermann Stilke 1181:fortunetelling 1144: 1141: 1116: 1113: 1092:in 1616 : 1023: 1020: 1003: 1000: 896: 893: 865: 862: 774: 771: 747:John Oldcastle 658: 655: 628: 625: 611: 608: 583: 580: 540:, the ancient 531:Thomas Pennant 518: 515: 454: 451: 398:tunica molesta 367:Nero's Torches 359: 356: 312: 309: 289:over her head. 274: 271: 225: 222: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 189:Historical use 187: 144:organic matter 140:heat hematomas 110: 107: 58:and others in 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11739: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11682: 11678: 11673: 11671: 11662: 11660: 11651: 11650: 11647: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11594: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11584: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565:Organizations 11563: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11537: 11531: 11528: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11519: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11488: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11462: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11432: 11430: 11426: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11370: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11350: 11348: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11331: 11326: 11324: 11319: 11317: 11312: 11311: 11308: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11244: 11243:Scharfrichter 11241: 11239: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11204: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11162: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11100: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11093:Dismemberment 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11033: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11016: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10994:Electrocution 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10962: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10945: 10940: 10938: 10933: 10931: 10926: 10925: 10922: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10907: 10896: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10877: 10873: 10868:|first2= 10861: 10853: 10847: 10843: 10842: 10836: 10832: 10826: 10822: 10821: 10815: 10811: 10805: 10801: 10800: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10777: 10773: 10768:|first2= 10761: 10753: 10747: 10744:. CUA Press. 10743: 10742: 10736: 10732: 10731: 10725: 10721: 10715: 10711: 10706: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10676: 10670: 10666: 10660: 10656: 10655: 10649: 10645: 10639: 10635: 10634: 10628: 10624: 10618: 10614: 10613: 10607: 10603: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10571: 10570: 10563: 10559: 10553: 10549: 10544: 10540: 10539: 10533: 10529: 10528: 10522: 10518: 10513:|first2= 10506: 10498: 10492: 10488: 10487: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10452: 10440: 10436: 10431: 10427: 10426: 10420: 10416: 10410: 10406: 10405: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10385: 10380: 10376: 10370: 10366: 10365: 10359: 10355: 10349: 10345: 10344: 10338: 10334: 10328: 10323: 10322: 10315: 10311: 10305: 10301: 10296: 10292: 10291: 10285: 10281: 10275: 10271: 10270: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10250: 10249: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10217: 10211: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10177: 10171: 10167: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10148: 10144: 10138: 10134: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10076: 10072: 10066: 10062: 10061: 10055: 10051: 10045: 10041: 10040: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10003: 9999: 9993: 9989: 9988: 9982: 9978: 9972: 9968: 9963: 9960:. Rediff.com. 9959: 9955: 9950: 9946: 9940: 9936: 9931: 9927: 9921: 9917: 9916: 9910: 9906: 9900: 9896: 9895: 9889: 9885: 9884: 9878: 9874: 9868: 9864: 9863: 9857: 9853: 9847: 9843: 9842: 9836: 9832: 9826: 9822: 9821: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9788: 9782: 9778: 9777: 9771: 9767: 9762:|first2= 9755: 9747: 9741: 9737: 9736: 9730: 9726: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9709: 9705: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9688: 9684: 9678: 9674: 9673: 9667: 9663: 9657: 9653: 9652: 9646: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9613: 9609: 9608: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9588: 9587: 9581: 9577: 9571: 9567: 9566: 9560: 9556: 9550: 9546: 9545: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9518: 9517:2027.42/43640 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9490: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9471: 9470: 9464: 9460: 9454: 9450: 9449: 9443: 9439: 9438: 9432: 9428: 9427: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9355: 9352:. p. 17. 9351: 9350: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9329: 9328: 9321: 9317: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9301: 9294: 9290: 9285:|first2= 9278: 9270: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9253: 9249: 9248: 9242: 9238: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9221: 9217: 9211: 9206: 9205: 9198: 9194: 9193: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9173: 9172: 9166: 9162: 9156: 9152: 9151: 9145: 9141: 9135: 9131: 9130: 9124: 9120: 9119: 9113: 9109: 9103: 9099: 9098: 9092: 9088: 9082: 9078: 9077: 9071: 9060: 9056: 9051: 9047: 9046: 9040: 9036: 9030: 9026: 9025: 9019: 9015: 9010:|first2= 9003: 8995: 8989: 8985: 8980: 8976: 8971:|first2= 8964: 8956: 8955: 8949: 8945: 8944: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8925: 8921: 8920: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8900: 8899: 8893: 8882: 8878: 8873: 8869: 8868: 8862: 8858: 8857: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8837: 8836: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8781: 8775: 8771: 8770: 8764: 8760: 8755:|first2= 8748: 8740: 8734: 8730: 8729: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8696:Ikram, S.M.; 8694: 8690: 8684: 8680: 8679: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8641: 8640: 8633: 8629: 8623: 8619: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8600: 8599: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8568: 8564: 8558: 8554: 8553: 8547: 8543: 8538: 8534: 8532:9783833426209 8528: 8524: 8523: 8516: 8512: 8506: 8502: 8501: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8437: 8436: 8430: 8426: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8409: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8361: 8360: 8354: 8350: 8344: 8340: 8339: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8319: 8314: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8280: 8274: 8270: 8265:|first3= 8258: 8250: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8228: 8222: 8211: 8210: 8209:Waikato Times 8205: 8200: 8196: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8158: 8154: 8153: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8100: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8074: 8070: 8065: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8040: 8036: 8030: 8026: 8025: 8019: 8015: 8010:|first2= 8003: 7995: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7976: 7972: 7966: 7962: 7961: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7924: 7920: 7919: 7913: 7909: 7904:|first2= 7897: 7889: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7872: 7868: 7862: 7858: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7839: 7838: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7808:. JHU Press. 7807: 7806: 7800: 7796: 7790: 7786: 7785:LOM Ediciones 7782: 7781: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7723: 7722: 7716: 7712: 7707:|first2= 7700: 7692: 7691: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7671: 7670: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7653: 7649: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7600: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7581: 7577: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7528: 7523:|first1= 7516: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7491: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7422: 7418: 7412: 7408: 7407: 7401: 7397: 7392: 7391: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7347: 7342: 7330: 7323: 7315: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7257: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7195: 7190: 7174: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7153: 7147: 7142: 7127: 7123: 7116: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7078: 7071: 7069: 7053: 7052: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7021: 7015: 7008: 7002: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6983: 6972: 6969:(June 1980). 6968: 6962: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6941: 6940:Goodwyn, Wade 6936: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6916: 6907: 6891: 6884: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6828: 6824: 6819: 6812: 6807: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6790: 6785: 6769: 6768:"micro-ondas" 6763: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6696: 6689: 6684: 6682: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6661: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6643: 6637: 6633: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6608: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6500: 6492: 6486: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6469: 6460: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6412: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6395:Calvert, Rowe 6391: 6385: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6314: 6313:Mittra, Kumar 6309: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6265:Ikram, Embree 6260: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6238:(1996), p.115 6237: 6232: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6209: 6201: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6178: 6174: 6169: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6148: 6144: 6139: 6133: 6129: 6124: 6118: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6028: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5993: 5992:Cameron, Sela 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5972: 5966: 5961: 5955: 5951: 5946: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5909: 5905: 5900: 5894: 5890: 5885: 5879:(2004), p. 35 5878: 5872: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5849: 5848: 5840: 5834: 5830: 5825: 5819: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5682: 5676: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5657: 5652: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5609: 5608: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5578: 5574: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5548:(DIBAM, 2004) 5547: 5541: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5455: 5450: 5444: 5440: 5435: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5338: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5297: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5280: 5263: 5257: 5241: 5234: 5226: 5219: 5212:. 9 May 2017. 5211: 5207: 5201: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5142: 5136: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5115: 5111: 5106: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4693: 4690:excerpt from 4689: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4516:Oehlschlaeger 4513: 4507: 4498: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4389: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4344: 4338: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4272: 4269:Henry Kamen. 4265: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4043: 4036: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4021:History Today 4015: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3655:Full list in 3652: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3599: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3578: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3459: 3458:interfire.org 3455: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3423: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3383:Yaoya Oshichi 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3344: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3324:is a form of 3323: 3322:Bride burning 3318: 3317:Bride burning 3311:Bride-burning 3308: 3306: 3301: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148:extrajudicial 3145: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3020:shockumentary 3017: 3016:Playa Vicente 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2908:. During the 2907: 2903: 2895: 2890: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2759:extrajudicial 2750: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2709:In 1790, Sir 2701: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2661: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2639:Ovambo people 2630: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486:Bhai Sati Das 2481:Mughal Empire 2478: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2423: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388:Iskandar Muda 2385: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2359:(present-day 2358: 2353: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2208: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2141:Carthaginians 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2091: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1997:, staying in 1996: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1927: 1925: 1924:Fynes Moryson 1921: 1919: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886:English Crown 1883: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1837: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1818:broke out in 1817: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775:Latin America 1769:South America 1766: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1710:Massachusetts 1706: 1704: 1700: 1692: 1686:North America 1680: 1676: 1673:Execution of 1671: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1553:serial killer 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1483:British Isles 1480: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1466:Alice Kyteler 1456: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1408:Rictor Norton 1405: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1392:petty treason 1389: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1372:. The jurist 1371: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1329: 1326:, written by 1325: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1006:In 1560, the 999: 997: 992: 988: 984: 980: 975: 973: 969: 965: 960: 951: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 916: 912: 907: 902: 892: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 861: 859: 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 805:. In 1171 in 804: 800: 792: 788: 784: 779: 770: 768: 764: 763:John Wycliffe 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 723: 718: 714: 713:John Wycliffe 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 688: 684: 680: 676: 668: 663: 654: 652: 651: 646: 642: 638: 634: 621: 616: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 592:Old Prussians 589: 579: 577: 573: 566: 563: 559: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 538:Julius Caesar 536:According to 532: 528: 523: 514: 512: 507: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 481:Carthaginians 478: 469: 464: 460: 450: 448: 447:Twelve Tables 444: 440: 436: 431: 429: 425: 412: 406: 402: 400: 399: 394: 390: 387: 386:warrior saint 383: 379: 375: 372:According to 368: 364: 355: 351: 346: 344: 339: 337: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 307: 302: 300: 296: 295:Neo-Assyrians 290: 288: 282: 280: 270: 268: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 230:Ancient Egypt 224:Ancient Egypt 221: 219: 214: 211: 204:Old Babylonia 186: 184: 180: 176: 172: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 124: 120: 116: 106: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 61: 57: 53: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 11610:Firefighting 11551:Fire worship 11501: 11394:Fire ecology 11177:Slow slicing 11159: 11067: 11030: 10977:firing squad 10884: 10840: 10819: 10798: 10788: 10784: 10740: 10729: 10709: 10692: 10674: 10653: 10632: 10611: 10590: 10568: 10547: 10537: 10526: 10485: 10476:the original 10463: 10459: 10443:. Retrieved 10438: 10435:"Witchcraft" 10424: 10403: 10383: 10363: 10342: 10320: 10299: 10289: 10268: 10247: 10237: 10220: 10197: 10193: 10175: 10155: 10132: 10090:(2): e9177. 10087: 10083: 10059: 10038: 10010: 9986: 9966: 9957: 9934: 9914: 9893: 9882: 9861: 9840: 9819: 9799: 9775: 9734: 9713: 9692: 9671: 9650: 9637:. Retrieved 9633:the original 9620: 9606: 9585: 9564: 9543: 9499: 9495: 9468: 9447: 9436: 9425: 9373: 9369: 9359: 9348: 9326: 9305: 9300:An Itinerary 9299: 9257: 9246: 9225: 9203: 9191: 9170: 9149: 9128: 9117: 9096: 9075: 9062:. Retrieved 9058: 9044: 9023: 8983: 8953: 8942: 8933:The Guardian 8932: 8918: 8897: 8884:. Retrieved 8880: 8866: 8855: 8834: 8813: 8803: 8779: 8768: 8727: 8707: 8677: 8667: 8663: 8638: 8617: 8597: 8579: 8575: 8551: 8541: 8522:Jahrhunderts 8520: 8499: 8479: 8476:"The Ovambo" 8455: 8434: 8413: 8400:. Retrieved 8393: 8379: 8358: 8337: 8317: 8305:. Retrieved 8301:the original 8296: 8278: 8247: 8226: 8215:27 September 8213:. 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see also 4360:pp. 253–254 4160:Henry Kamen 4149:pp. 326–331 4119:pp. 161–163 4027:(6): 16–18. 3961:(2013), pp. 3903:pp. 132–136 3861:pp. 132–136 3759:pp. 244–245 3737:pp. 223–224 3440:FutureLearn 3341:New Zealand 3300:prisoners. 3237:Bajrang Dal 3231:village in 3197:during the 3132:blowtorches 3121:Waco Horror 3105:Waco, Texas 3089:Waco, Texas 3066:Los Nogales 2978:During the 2972:Max Payne 3 2966:Elite Squad 2957:micro-ondas 2929:Philippines 2858:crematorium 2494:cotton wool 2490:Sikh martyr 2373:Malik Ambar 2319:Hulagu Khan 2315: 1220 2304:Khwarazmian 2232:infanticide 2156:Burdunellus 2117:brazen bull 2043:coup d'état 2026:In 1792 in 2017:Thomas Shaw 1890:proselytize 1816:Tacky's War 1810:West Indies 1679:Mexico City 1655:carried out 1635:, close by 1633:Hötzelsroda 1625: [ 1462: 1300 1444:Janet Horne 1437:Lutheranism 1314:Protestants 1287:Reformation 1263:John Rogers 1227:Joan of Arc 1032:homosexuals 1014:, known as 972:Mexico City 957: 1492 943:autos-da-fé 827:Black Death 803:blood libel 690:Inquisition 675:Middle Ages 633:Justinian I 596:Lithuanians 576:coup d'état 529:written by 493:Cleitarchus 485:Baal Hammon 336:Hebraic law 11696:Categories 11681:Wiktionary 11620:Fire whirl 11518:Pyromanias 11476:By country 11428:Components 11384:Combustion 11197:Waist chop 11161:Mazzatello 11155:Ishikozume 11150:Impalement 11145:Immurement 11135:Guillotine 11083:Decimation 10719:0224605720 10684:B0029U3KWY 10393:3924753180 10309:0701169842 8650:0007156375 8489:0714616702 8106:The Crisis 8058:18 January 7928:0333613953 7918:King James 7866:0631181857 7484:21 January 7220:20 October 7105:7 December 6896:20 October 6490:0714648744 6289:objections 6083:Buckingham 5784:Hirschberg 5618:0761831770 5286:McCullough 4595:Witchcraft 4394:first time 4381:de Almeida 4343:Incredible 4327:20 October 4130:John, Pope 4042:"Folkways" 3959:Pluskowski 3389:References 3272:Parachinar 3241:Dara Singh 3239:activist, 3229:Manoharpur 3225:missionary 3152:necklacing 3005:Qʼanjobʼal 2739:George III 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Coles. 8588:0002-8738 8544:. 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Heavy. 7240:NBC News 7214:BBC News 7179:14 April 7173:BBC News 7131:14 April 7096:Archived 6990:Archived 6922:(1916), 6825:(2010), 6796:Archived 6791:(2002), 6672:Die Welt 6634:(2013), 6525:22 March 6477:(1999). 6425:(1853), 6397:(1858), 6366:(1966), 6339:(1995), 6331:(2010), 6315:(2004), 6299:(2008), 6251:(2008), 6220:Archived 6175:(2009), 6145:(2007), 6130:(2007), 6115:(1981), 6100:(2009), 6085:(1835), 6070:(2002), 6055:(2005), 6040:(1834), 6025:(2009), 6010:(2003), 6008:Crawford 5994:(2010), 5978:(2001), 5976:Saunders 5952:(2013), 5937:(1824), 5921:(1764), 5906:(1833), 5891:(1816), 5863:(2013), 5831:(1891), 5816:(1996), 5801:(1817), 5786:(1981), 5767:(1993), 5752:(1979), 5750:Stillman 5737:(1757), 5703:(2001), 5688:(1687), 5673:(1853), 5658:(1987), 5590:(1857), 5575:(1863), 5560:(1855), 5492:(1973), 5441:(1854), 5426:(2008), 5424:Springer 5416:(1834), 5406:(1992), 5404:Rudbrach 5380:(1804), 5372:(1832), 5356:(2005), 5335:(1854), 5288:(2000), 5156:(2012), 5112:(2009), 5083:Venetian 5037:(1999), 5009:(2013), 4994:(2013), 4978:(1982), 4963:(1812), 4961:Richards 4933:(2007), 4917:(1972), 4898:(2003), 4882:(1856), 4867:(1856), 4852:(1856), 4837:(2011), 4817:(1843), 4805:, for a 4782:(2009), 4750:(1838), 4732:Archived 4707:(1927), 4686:(2002), 4668:Archived 4663:(2003), 4647:(1993), 4628:Archived 4591:Thurston 4518:(1866), 4489:(1860), 4474:(1814), 4459:(2006), 4457:Crompton 4444:(1992), 4425:(2009), 4410:(2013), 4399:(2013), 4392:See for 4358:(1886), 4303:(2013), 4256:(2009), 4206:(2005), 4191:(2005), 4179:(2004), 4147:(1865), 4132:(2003), 4117:(2013), 4115:Richards 4102:(1860), 4073:(2007), 4058:(2004), 4006:(2010), 3991:(1997), 3976:(1998), 3912:(2010), 3901:(2000), 3880:Archived 3875:(2001), 3867:(2010), 3859:(2000), 3843:(2002), 3807:(2009), 3792:(2006), 3757:(2001), 3735:(1843), 3720:(2012), 3693:ccel.org 3675:(2012), 3659:(2005), 3643:(2012), 3626:Olmstead 3613:(2008), 3569:(2011), 3535:(2010), 3501:42121516 3347:See also 3334:gasoline 3330:kerosene 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11115:Falling 11068:Burning 11053:Boiling 11023:methods 11009:Stoning 10967:Hanging 10115:2822869 10092:Bibcode 9408:1946342 9302:(1617)" 8804:Reuters 7332:(video) 7196:(1999) 7126:Reuters 6928:Archive 6924:pp. 1–8 6874:Reuters 6742:O Globo 6724:(2010) 6722:Grellet 6632:Hofmann 6570:Reuters 6504:202–203 6267:(1964) 6160:(2010), 5919:Stevens 5877:Collins 5814:Ferrier 5573:Waddell 5558:Woblers 5507:(1974), 5490:McManus 5399:(1818) 5397:Hermann 5323:, p. 81 5307:(2008) 5268:4 March 5246:4 March 5154:Gilbert 5087:Stewart 4965:p. 1190 4948:(1971) 4780:Rowland 4766:(2002) 4688:pp. 1–2 4593:(1912) 4543:(1824) 4539:All in 4472:Lithgow 4423:Pickett 4221:(1993) 4204:Cipolla 4177:Telchin 3927:(1851) 3823:(1998) 3805:Pickett 3714:Tacitus 3706:Juvenal 3628:(1918) 3493:3055743 3256:Taliban 3203:Der Zor 3183:witches 2927:in the 2904:during 2719:Sheriff 2643:Namibia 2626:masatia 2546:funeral 2533:, from 2411:tobacco 2375:in the 2219:Hungary 2184:Pius II 2147:on the 2077:naphtha 2047:Tripoli 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