40:
64:
271:. They secrete a fatty, white poisonous substance which acts as a deterrent to predators. Contrary to folk belief, handling toads does not cause warts, however due to the poison they secrete, and bacteria on their skins, a person should wash their hands thoroughly after handling one. The poison of most if not all toads contains
813:
Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M.; Wheeler, W. C. (2006).
190:
reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known
655:
572:
713:
699:
492:
507:
442:
426:
1090:
252:
True toads have in common stocky figures and short legs, which make them relatively poor jumpers. Their dry skin is thick and "warty".
1038:
1064:
1069:
287:
encompassed many species and was divided into several subgenera. Frost et al. (2006) removed most of the species of former
1017:
876:
786:
1165:
1095:
1030:
744:
947:
851:(2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (
832:
815:
1077:
960:
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1170:
1134:
952:
1198:
1142:
801:
63:
1121:
887:
1157:
1116:
392:
1108:
986:
934:
684:
8:
215:
187:
58:
1103:
973:
669:
638:
225:
183:
978:
837:
827:
522:
458:
360:
605:
476:
299:
group of earlier authors. Now, this genus has been reduced to 24 extant species:
1082:
39:
1025:
1012:
925:
622:
555:
409:
314:
264:
20:
1193:
1187:
939:
910:
346:
329:
868:(2009): Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names.
538:
220:
809:
Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World
1051:
919:
191:
47:
186:
containing a large number of toads from much of the world but following
1043:
588:
1056:
999:
841:
377:
272:
241:
179:
171:
125:
105:
75:
881:
1004:
904:
236:
230:
204:
175:
95:
210:
787:
Penn State
University - How safe is it to hold frogs and toads?
85:
991:
198:). Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in
1129:
167:
866:
Pauly, Greg B., Hillis, David M. & Cannatella, David C.
268:
260:
115:
1147:
833:
10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2
19:
This article is about toads. For the
Finnish company, see
267:. These glands distinguish the true toads from all other
812:
745:"Bufo Garsault, 1764 | Amphibian Species of the World"
820:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
849:Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella.
1185:
415:Litvinchuk, Borkin, Skorinov, and Rosanov, 2008
240:(many Latin American species, including the
766:
764:
616:Stejneger's toad, Korean toad, Water toad
38:
831:
432:Qi, Lyu, Song, Wei, Zhong, and Wang, 2023
761:
291:to other genera and restricted the name
1186:
739:
737:
886:
885:
649:Qinghai Lake toad, Round-warted toad
182:. As traditionally defined, it was a
1135:8F7087F7-FF80-CD1E-FCEA-6D9DDEDCFE8A
1031:1d3bf53e-e1d7-4568-8c16-d9b2add7352b
806:Blair (ed.), 1972, Evol. Genus Bufo.
704:(Rao, Liu, Ma, and Zhu, 2022 "2020")
734:
224:(many Asian species, including the
13:
718:Rao, Liu, Ma, and Zhu, 2022 "2020"
371:Central Formosa toad, Bankor toad
14:
1210:
469:Chusan Island toad, Asiatic toad
62:
208:(many North American species),
780:
247:
1:
795:
816:"The Amphibian Tree of Life"
727:
7:
386:Common toad, European toad
10:
1215:
660:(Yang, Liu, and Rao, 1996)
351:(Yang, Liu, and Rao, 1996)
278:
18:
894:
152:
147:
59:Scientific classification
57:
46:
37:
30:
305:Binomial name and author
228:introduced elsewhere),
244:introduced elsewhere).
802:amphibiaweb.org - Bufo
770:Pauly et al., (2009).
628:Zarevskii, 1926 "1925"
263:-like structures, the
234:(natterjack toad) and
48:Common (European) toad
1117:Paleobiology Database
678:Japanese stream toad
566:Japanese common toad
516:Menglian stream toad
393:Bufo cryptotympanicus
1026:Fauna Europaea (new)
685:Bufo verrucosissimus
497:(Yang and Rao, 2008)
283:Formerly, the genus
501:Luchun stream toad
269:tailless amphibians
255:Behind their eyes,
216:European green toad
16:Genus of amphibians
656:Bufo tuberospinius
573:Bufo sachalinensis
398:Liu & Hu, 1962
295:to members of the
1181:
1180:
1104:Open Tree of Life
888:Taxon identifiers
749:research.amnh.org
725:
724:
714:Bufo yunlingensis
670:Bufo torrenticola
639:Bufo tuberculatus
226:Asian common toad
184:wastebasket genus
159:
158:
143:
1206:
1199:Amphibian genera
1174:
1173:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1083:NHMSYS0000375310
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1007:
995:
994:
982:
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969:
968:
956:
955:
943:
942:
930:
929:
928:
915:
914:
913:
883:
882:
867:
850:
845:
835:
789:
784:
778:
768:
759:
758:
756:
755:
741:
719:
705:
700:Bufo yongdeensis
690:
675:
661:
645:
629:
612:
595:
579:
562:
545:
529:
523:Bufo minshanicus
513:
498:
493:Bufo luchunnicus
483:
465:
459:Bufo gargarizans
449:
433:
420:Eichwald's toad
416:
399:
383:
382:(Linnaeus, 1758)
367:
361:Bufo bankorensis
352:
336:
320:
302:
301:
218:and relatives),
141:
67:
66:
42:
28:
27:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1164:
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1154:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1003:
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
924:
923:
918:
909:
908:
903:
890:
865:
848:
798:
793:
792:
785:
781:
769:
762:
753:
751:
743:
742:
735:
730:
717:
703:
693:Caucasian toad
688:
673:
659:
644:Zarevskij, 1926
643:
627:
610:
606:Bufo stejnegeri
593:
578:Nikolskii, 1905
577:
560:
543:
528:Stejneger, 1926
527:
511:
508:Bufo menglianus
496:
481:
477:Bufo linquensis
463:
448:Boulenger, 1883
447:
431:
414:
397:
381:
365:
350:
334:
318:
281:
265:parotoid glands
250:
140:
61:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1212:
1202:
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1196:
1179:
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1162:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1035:
1022:
1013:Fauna Europaea
1009:
996:
983:
970:
957:
944:
931:
916:
900:
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891:
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863:
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732:
731:
729:
726:
723:
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720:
709:
708:
706:
695:
694:
691:
689:(Pallas, 1814)
680:
679:
676:
674:(Matsui, 1976)
665:
664:
662:
651:
650:
647:
634:
633:
631:
623:Bufo tibetanus
618:
617:
614:
601:
600:
597:
584:
583:
581:
568:
567:
564:
556:Bufo japonicus
551:
550:
547:
534:
533:
531:
518:
517:
514:
503:
502:
499:
488:
487:
485:
471:
470:
467:
454:
453:
451:
438:
437:
435:
422:
421:
418:
410:Bufo eichwaldi
405:
404:
401:
388:
387:
384:
373:
372:
369:
356:
355:
353:
342:
341:
340:Andrew's Toad
338:
325:
324:
321:
315:Bufo ailaoanus
310:
309:
306:
280:
277:
249:
246:
157:
156:
150:
149:
145:
144:
142:Garsault, 1764
133:
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119:
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109:
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93:
89:
88:
83:
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69:
68:
55:
54:
44:
43:
35:
34:
21:Bufo (company)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1211:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1149:
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1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
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1079:
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1032:
1027:
1023:
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984:
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954:
949:
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906:
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901:
899:
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877:PDF full-text
874:
871:
870:Herpetologica
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829:
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821:
817:
811:
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772:Herpetologica
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632:
625:
624:
620:
619:
615:
611:Schmidt, 1931
608:
607:
603:
602:
598:
591:
590:
589:Bufo spinosus
586:
585:
582:
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574:
570:
569:
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558:
557:
553:
552:
548:
544:Bourret, 1937
541:
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489:
486:
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472:
468:
461:
460:
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444:
443:Bufo formosus
440:
439:
436:
429:
428:
424:
423:
419:
412:
411:
407:
406:
403:Earless toad
402:
395:
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385:
380:
379:
375:
374:
370:
366:Barbour, 1908
363:
362:
358:
357:
354:
349:
348:
347:Bufo aspinius
344:
343:
339:
335:Schmidt, 1925
332:
331:
330:Bufo andrewsi
327:
326:
322:
317:
316:
312:
311:
307:
304:
303:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:species have
258:
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71:
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65:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1143:Tree of Life
895:
875:: 115–128.
872:
869:
862:: 2517–2535.
859:
856:
852:
823:
819:
782:
774:
771:
752:. Retrieved
748:
712:
698:
683:
668:
654:
637:
621:
604:
594:Daudin, 1803
587:
571:
554:
549:Tonkin toad
539:Bufo pageoti
537:
521:
512:(Yang, 2008)
506:
491:
475:
464:Cantor, 1842
457:
441:
427:Bufo exiguus
425:
408:
391:
376:
359:
345:
328:
313:
308:Common name
296:
292:
288:
284:
282:
256:
254:
251:
235:
229:
221:Duttaphrynus
219:
209:
203:
199:
195:
162:
161:
160:
153:
136:
135:
51:
31:
25:
1052:iNaturalist
920:Wikispecies
599:Spiny toad
248:Description
192:common toad
1188:Categories
796:References
754:2019-10-27
561:Boie, 1826
482:Yang, 1977
172:true toads
857:Evolution
842:2246/5781
826:: 1–291.
777::115-128.
728:Footnotes
378:Bufo bufo
319:Kou, 1984
297:Bufo bufo
273:bufotoxin
242:cane toad
188:taxonomic
180:Bufonidae
176:amphibian
154:See text
126:Bufonidae
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
905:Wikidata
237:Rhinella
231:Epidalea
205:Anaxyrus
148:Species
122:Family:
106:Amphibia
96:Chordata
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
1171:1350161
1158:8327212
1070:1094914
1044:7580221
911:Q639022
279:Species
211:Bufotes
196:B. bufo
178:family
174:in the
132:Genus:
112:Order:
102:Class:
52:B. bufo
1155:uBio:
1109:187219
1018:177872
1005:1BUFOG
1166:WoRMS
1148:17012
1130:Plazi
1122:37465
1057:21360
992:15219
979:62GTW
168:genus
166:is a
116:Anura
1194:Bufo
1096:8383
1091:NCBI
1065:ITIS
1039:GBIF
1000:EPPO
966:4294
961:BOLD
953:Bufo
940:Bufo
926:Bufo
896:Bufo
853:Bufo
293:Bufo
289:Bufo
285:Bufo
261:wart
257:Bufo
202:are
200:Bufo
163:Bufo
137:Bufo
32:Bufo
1078:NBN
987:EoL
974:CoL
948:ASW
935:ADW
855:).
838:hdl
828:doi
824:297
170:of
1190::
1168::
1145::
1132::
1119::
1106::
1093::
1080::
1067::
1054::
1041::
1028::
1015::
1002::
989::
976::
963::
950::
937::
922::
907::
873:65
860:58
836:.
822:.
818:.
775:65
763:^
747:.
736:^
323:-
275:.
50:,
844:.
840::
830::
757:.
646:)
642:(
630:)
626:(
613:)
609:(
596:)
592:(
580:)
576:(
563:)
559:(
546:)
542:(
530:)
526:(
484:)
480:(
474:†
466:)
462:(
450:)
446:(
434:)
430:(
417:)
413:(
400:)
396:(
368:)
364:(
337:)
333:(
214:(
194:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
