Buck Ruxton - Knowledge

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luxury sheeting wrapped around several sections of the bodies that had been proven to precisely match the sheeting from the bed in the master bedroom at Dalton Square. Outlining the inconsistencies in the accounts Ruxton had given to numerous individuals as to the whereabouts of his wife and maid, Jackson reminded the jury of the eyewitness testimony delivered by numerous individuals who had earlier testified, before turning to Ruxton's exhaustive efforts to destroy evidence and pacify Mary Jane Rogerson's parents as to their daughter's whereabouts in the weeks between the murders and his arrest. In reference to the actual motive for the murders, Jackson suggested the jury look no further than Ruxton's obsessive jealousy and violent temper.

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introduced as evidence, but that he had not instructed the jury to also consider the testimony also delivered by a prosecution witness who had conceded that the bloodstains upon the garment may have originated from completely innocent sources. Furthermore, the appeal stated that a forensic examination of his vehicle—contended by the prosecution to have been the vehicle used to transport the bodies—had revealed no traces of either mud or blood. Ruxton thus contended that the cumulative effect of all matters raised were tantamount to a substantial misdirection. As such, Ruxton contended the verdict should not be allowed to stand.

1348: 649: 1232:(assisted by Philip Kershaw KC), based their defence upon their contention that the bodies had been misidentified, and that the two bodies were not those of Isabella Ruxton and Mary Jane Rogerson, but of two other unknown individuals, and that, as such, the evidence presented to the jury was flawed. Birkett and Kershaw further contended the bloodstains found upon the suit and carpeting Ruxton had given to the Hampshires, and located within his home following his arrest, had been innocently accrued throughout the years Ruxton had operated his practice. 468: 529: 541:

this trip, and thus remained in Lancaster. He would later confess to investigators that he had been convinced that as Isabella had been known to occasionally keep social company with a young man named Robert Edmondson—an assistant editor in the local Town Hall—she had been conducting an affair with him, and thus had used this trip as a means for the pair to continue their supposed affair. Hotel records would later confirm each adult had booked into separate rooms while they had stayed in Edinburgh.

1648: 742:"Of the four bundles recovered during the initial search, the first was wrapped in a blouse and contained two upper arms and four pieces of flesh; the second bundle comprised two thigh bones, two legs from which most flesh had been stripped, and nine pieces of flesh, all wrapped in a pillow-case; the third was a piece of cotton sheeting containing seventeen portions of flesh; the fourth parcel, also wrapped in cotton sheeting, consisted of a human trunk, two legs with the feet tied with the 716:, and a doctor named Gilbert Millar. Both men determined the 70 separate sections of human remains thus far discovered were those of two females of notably different heights and ages, and that the mutilation conducted upon the remains had been committed by an individual with extensive anatomical knowledge in an obvious effort to complicate the identification of the remains. In addition to the extensive mutilation across both victims' entire bodies, which both Professor Glaister and Dr. 1612: 1636: 954:

wife and Mary Jane would almost certainly return once they had spent the money, the fact Ruxton had now given the Rogersons contrary explanations as to why his wife and their daughter were missing from his household aroused their suspicions. As such, the following day, they filed a missing persons report with Morecambe police. (Ruxton himself would not visit Lancaster police to formally report his wife and maid as missing until 4

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Scotland as being those of his wife and maid, and that these rumours were proving to be detrimental to both his medical practice and his general reputation. He then requested they conduct discreet enquiries to locate his wife and maid, before demanding police search his house to quash these rumours. Although Ruxton was placated by officers before being driven home, at this point he was considered the

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hysterically claiming that he had last seen his wife when she had taken Mary Jane Rogerson to Edinburgh to discreetly arrange an abortion for her. He readily admitted to having frequently argued with his wife over her alleged infidelity and justified the mental and physical hardships to which he had occasionally subjected his wife by simply stating, "Who loves most,

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occasions when he felt his patients could not afford to pay them. The following year, a second daughter, Diane, was born. Two years later, in 1933, Isabella gave birth to a son named William. The same year, the Ruxtons employed a young maid and live-in housekeeper named Mary Jane Rogerson, primarily to care for their children.

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family maid, that these conclusions been drawn in part from circumstantial evidence and that this evidence still did not prove Ruxton had been their actual murderer. Birkett then emphasised that in any British murder trial, the burden is not upon the defence to prove innocence, but rather on the Crown to prove guilt.

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incident, Isabella had returned to her partner. On another occasion in April 1934 a Lancaster policeman had been called to the Ruxton household following another quarrel. Upon his arrival, the officer was informed by Ruxton: "Sergeant, I feel like murdering two persons ... my wife is going out to meet a man".

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of a victim's skull was superimposed on a photograph taken of Isabella Ruxton in life. Professor James Couper Brash would later construct replica models of the two victims' left feet in a flexible gelatin-glycerin mixture; when placed in shoes the women had worn in life, the replica foot of the first

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Dalton Square the following day, the house had been in a general state of shambles, with carpets removed, a pile of burned fabric-like material in the garden, and the bathtub extensively stained with a yellowish discolouration. Furthermore, Ruxton had specifically requested she clean the bathtub that

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Despite this admission, Ruxton was insistent that both women would be found alive and further stated that if the actual identification of the bodies was correct, his "happy home" was now in tatters. He ardently denied the earlier testimony of various prosecution witnesses, whom he frequently accused

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September as to when the remains had been thrown into the stream, as that had been the final date of heavy rainfall in the area and thus when the flow of water had been much greater than at the time of the victims' discovery. Furthermore, sections of the clothing in which the dismembered remains had

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dentist with whom he and Isabella had formed a close friendship and asked the couple to look after his children for the day, he returned to his home and proceeded to extensively dismember and mutilate both bodies in the bathroom of his home in an effort to hide their identities. Several hours later,

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A textiles expert had earlier testified at the trial that the pieces of sheeting wrapped around the bodies had a unique flaw in the threading, as had the sheeting in the master bedroom. This expert had stated that the flaw indicated that all the threading he had been asked to examine had originated

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Ruxton had received before her death violent blows in the face and that she was strangled. The suggestion of the prosecution is that her death and that of the girl Mary took place outside these rooms on the landing at the top of the staircase outside the maid's bedroom, because from that point down

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October, the finger and palm prints upon the second set of human hands discovered were found to be a match for impressions upon items Mary Jane Rogerson had habitually handled at Dalton Square. Upon hearing of this forensic match, Ruxton was formally charged with the murder of Mary Jane Rogerson at

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Five days before the discovery of the human remains in Moffat, Ruxton had visited Lancaster police, claiming his wife had "once again" deserted him; he had earlier visited the Morecambe household of the parents of the family maid, Mary Jane Rogerson, claiming their daughter, having recently engaged

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of Scotland, where the bodies were found. The case was also called the "Jigsaw Murders" because of the painstaking efforts to re-assemble and identify the victims and determine the place of their murder. Ruxton himself earned the title of "The Savage Surgeon" due to his occupation and the extensive

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Ruxton did file an appeal against his conviction. In this appeal, Ruxton contended that in the judge's final instructions delivered to the jury, the jury had been urged to consider prosecution testimony pertaining to bloodstains found upon the suit Ruxton had given to the Hampshires which had been

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Throughout the several hours of questioning, Lancaster police repeatedly conversed with their Scottish counterparts, who had previously visited Ruxton's household to remove objects such as sections of wallpaper, carpeting, skirting boards, and silverware for a more detailed forensic examination at

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On 1 October the Rogersons visited Ruxton at his practice. On this occasion, he attempted to placate their fears for Mary Jane's safety by claiming both she and his wife had broken into his safe and stolen £30 before eloping from his household. Despite Ruxton's insistence on this occasion that his

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Hampshire discovered several rolled-up sections of carpeting, stair-pads, and a stained suit. In the garden of the property, she also discovered two further sections of carpeting, and several burned towels. Before the Hampshires left Dalton Square, they were given several sections of stained stair

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In early September 1935 Isabella Ruxton travelled to Edinburgh to visit one of her sisters. In her company were a prominent Lancaster family named Edmondson, with whom the Ruxtons were closely acquainted. To tend to the needs of his practice, Ruxton himself did not accompany his common-law wife on

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The house on Dalton Square where the murders were committed would remain vacant for decades. In the 1980s, the building underwent substantial internal renovation, particularly the bathroom, which would become architects' offices. The building itself remains non-residential. The bath in which Buck

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Justice Singleton sentenced Ruxton to death. When asked by Judge Singleton if he had anything to say in response to the verdict and sentence, Ruxton responded by stating, "I am very sorry", before politely thanking the court for its patience and the fairness of his trial. Ruxton then informed the

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delivered on behalf of the prosecution, Joseph Cooksey Jackson summarised the testimony delivered by each of the medical and forensic experts regarding the painstaking identification of the victims, and how items used to conceal the remains could be traced to Dalton Square, including a section of

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Despite both defence counsels subjecting the numerous eyewitnesses, and the medical and forensic experts whom the prosecution introduced as witnesses, to intense cross-examination in an effort to challenge their findings, the vast majority of prosecution witness—including all medical and forensic

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Hampshire and her husband to extensively clean his house in preparation for redecoration, explaining that he was unable to do so himself as he had badly cut his hand opening a tin of fruit several days earlier. He had also given the Hampshires several stained carpets and a suit, saying they could

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The same day that police identified several items of the clothing used to wrap the dismembered remains, Ruxton again visited the Lancaster police station; on this occasion, he burst into tears, complaining that local rumours had begun to circulate regarding the discoveries of the human remains in

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on both bodies, Glaister and Smith were able to determine that one of the bodies was that of a woman aged about 30 to 55, probably between 35 and 45, and that the second body was that of a woman aged between 18 and 25, probably aged between 20 and 21 at the time of her murder. In reference to the

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Hampshire arrived at Dalton Square, she found the house in a state of disarray. As she would later testify at Ruxton's trial, all the carpeting had been removed from the stairs, and several sections of the flooring were littered with straw, which also protruded from beneath a locked bedroom door.

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On one occasion in 1933, Isabella complained to police that her husband had begun beating her; when police visited Ruxton's practice to investigate her claims, Ruxton denied he had assaulted his wife, alleging that Isabella had been unfaithful to him. Nonetheless, within twenty-four hours of this

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Although Isabella was an outgoing woman who enjoyed socialising with leading Lancaster residents and was a popular guest at local functions, no solid proof was ever provided to support Ruxton's claims she had ever been unfaithful to him. Nonetheless, one Lancaster resident would later state that

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they were, and that the idea that the motive for Isabella's death had been Ruxton's suspicions of his wife's infidelity was merely conjecture. Birkett further emphasised that, although some of the testimony delivered had allowed the possibility the bodies may have been those of Ruxton's wife and

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Conversing with his Lancashire counterpart, the Chief Constable of Dumfriesshire discovered that Mary Jane's employer, Ruxton, had informally reported his wife missing the previous month, and that the final confirmed sightings of Isabella alive by anyone other than Ruxton himself had been on the

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Ess, who managed a café in the city. At the time of their acquaintance, Isabella was still legally married to a Dutchman whom she had wed in 1919, but this marriage had only lasted a matter of weeks, and she had resumed using her maiden name of Kerr. The two began courting, and Isabella was with

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by either Birkett or Kershaw, who frequently seized on the slightest discrepancy in the evidence given, and frequently challenged assumptions made by medical and technical witnesses on each occasion an opportunity arose. Birkett also frequently offered his own conjecture as to how some evidence

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and assault her, although loud quarrels between the couple had resulted in police interventions on several occasions. The disputes between the couple occasionally had to be settled at the Lancaster police station, where police would observe Ruxton talking erratically before bursting into tears.

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and self-pity behind closed doors. On several occasions, these arguments would prompt Isabella to pack her belongings and return to Edinburgh with her children, although inevitable phone calls from Ruxton in which he would tearfully plead with Isabella to return to Lancaster would prompt her to

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When Ruxton left his children in the care of the Morecambe dentist and his wife, the couple noted one of Ruxton's hands was heavily bandaged. When the couple questioned him as to how he had acquired the wound, Ruxton claimed to have cut his hand while opening a tin of fruit for his children's

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The sole witness to testify on behalf of the defence was Ruxton himself, who—upon the suggestion of his defence counsel—testified on the ninth day of the trial. Overall, he conducted himself poorly on the stand, being prone to bouts of hysterical sobbing as he clutched a silk handkerchief and

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The prosecution called numerous witnesses to outline their case. Each witness to testify presented his findings to the court with the same patience and diligence he had used to determine his conclusions, and each was examined by a combination of Jackson, Shawcross and Fyfe; they would then be

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Ruxton had made great efforts to assimilate himself into British society, and he quickly acquired a reputation among his patients as a diligent and compassionate general physician who was well respected and popular within the community. He is known to have waived his treatment fees on several

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Ruxton received a respectable upbringing, and despite being a sensitive youth with few friends, he was highly intelligent and received a thorough education. By his teenage years, he had resolved to seek a career in medicine. With the financial support of his parents, Ruxton studied at the

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In the hours immediately prior to his execution, Buck Ruxton wrote a letter to his chief defence counsel, Norman Birkett KC. In this letter, Ruxton thanked Birkett for the skill in which he had conducted his defence, before stating: "I know that in a few hours I shall be going to meet my

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contended that Ruxton, inflamed by jealousy and paranoia, had murdered Isabella Ruxton and Mary Jane Rogerson in the family household, and that he had then discarded their bodies more than 100 miles from Lancaster, in the Gardenholme Linn stream in the Southern Uplands of Scotland.

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In accordance with British legal tradition, Norman Birkett, having called his client to the stand, had entitled himself to make his closing argument on behalf of the defence after the prosecution address, as opposed to before the prosecution. In his closing argument delivered on

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the staircase right into the bathroom there are trails of enormous quantities of blood. I suggest that when she went up to bed a violent quarrel took place; that he strangled his wife, and that Mary Jane Rogerson caught him in the act and had to die also. Mary's skull was

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Justice Singleton delivered his final instructions to the jury. This address lasted for several hours, and in reference to all evidence and testimony which had been presented at the trial, Judge Singleton instructed the jury that Ruxton must be given the benefit of any

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one, which ultimately turned out to be short-lived. When Ruxton relocated to Britain the following year, he concealed all evidence of this marriage, although in 1928, he did contact his father-in-law, Jehangirji, requesting he immediately send him the sum of £200 via

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Hampshire, and asked both her and, shortly thereafter, her husband to return to Dalton Square with him to help him "prepare for the decorators", who were expected to arrive the following morning to perform work he claimed had been arranged several months previously.

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of either lying or simply being mistaken, and frequently gave rambling, contradictory accounts of his own behaviour and actions prior to his arrest when questioned by both his own defence counsel and when subjected to cross-examination by the prosecution.

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In this interview, Ruxton denied he had ever been to Scotland after having established his Lancaster practice. However, he was unable to explain just why his car registration number had been logged by a young cyclist whom he had knocked over in the

788:—who had already established the remains were unlikely to be those of local individuals—began to consider the possibility the perpetrator had travelled to the Southern Uplands to dispose of the remains, and may have been unfamiliar with the area. 1442:

The day after Ruxton's execution, a Sunday newspaper published a brief handwritten confession, written by Ruxton the day after his arrest, and which he had instructed be opened only in the event of his execution, or returned to him should he be

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Having been placed under arrest, when closing his practice, Ruxton placed a notice on the window of his office, urging his patients and the Lancaster community in general to maintain belief in his innocence, adding, "I am an innocent victim of

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conducting their formal autopsies. A further bundle containing human remains was discovered shortly after the two bodies had been transported to the University of Edinburgh; this bundle contained two human forearms, with hands attached. The

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Mary Jane Rogerson; he probably also stabbed her body either before or after death. The amount of blood subsequently discovered on the stairs, walls, and carpeting of the Ruxton household indicates excessive blood flow prior to the bodies'

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the same day, as the cyclist had reported his registration number—which he had logged in his pocketbook—to police when he had failed to stop at the scene of the accident. Lancaster police suggested to Ruxton this incident was strong

594:, or death with his bare hands, before beating and stabbing her body. Either to prevent their housemaid from discovering his crime or because she had actually witnessed the act, Ruxton extensively bludgeoned and either strangled or 849:

found upon the bodies in order to approximate a time of death of both victims. From his examination of the pupae found upon both sets of remains, Mearns conclusively determined the pupae had originated from a particular breed of

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Ruxton dismembered his two victims was removed from the property to be used as evidence during his trial. The bath was later used as a horse trough by the mounted police division at Lancashire County Police headquarters, in the

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return to him, and he would later state to investigators that on the frequent occasions Isabella would return to Dalton Square, she would almost invariably say to him: "I wonder how I could ever pick up an argument with you".

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may have been visible. The perpetrator had also removed the fingertips from the sole set of hands initially discovered, and had completely pared all flesh from the legs of one victim, and from the thighs of the other.

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in the murders by all law enforcement personnel thus far involved in the investigation. Lancaster police had by this stage spoken to one of the Ruxtons' two charladies, Agnes Oxley, who confirmed to officers that on

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September. In addition, the fact several sections of the victims' remains had been discovered several hundred yards downstream on the banks of the Gardenholme Linn and the Annan River suggested a date on or prior to

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Dalton Square. Nonetheless, Ruxton's defence counsel did occasionally succeed in getting a witness or expert to concede as to a possibility of an alternative explanation as to his or her findings, or recollections.

860:, and that the maggots discovered on the remains had been laid in the immediate vicinity where they were discovered. Mearns deduced the remains could not have lain where they were discovered for less than 12 to 14 1478:

The area in and around Gardenholme Linn where Ruxton had disposed of the dismembered body parts of Isabella Ruxton and Mary Jane Rogerson would become colloquially known in and around Moffat as "Ruxton's Dump".

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of a cotton sheet and some wisps of straw and cotton wool. In addition, other packages opened to reveal two heads, one of which was wrapped in a child's rompers; a quantity of cotton wool and sections from the

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Professor Glaister's initial theory the murderer held extensive surgical knowledge was further supported at the formal autopsy by the fact a human body is almost impossible to dismember with a knife at the

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March 1936, Birkett reiterated the defence's case that, although the victims were indeed two women who had been murdered, the remains were not those of Isabella Ruxton and Mary Jane Rogerson, as the Crown

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route to Lancaster from Moffat—which he denied. He was further unable to explain just why a police search of his home the previous day had revealed extensive traces of bloodstains on the stairs, railings,

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victim recovered from the vicinity of the Annan River precisely fit a shoe worn by Mary Jane Rogerson, whereas the replica foot of the second victim recovered precisely fit shoes worn by Isabella Ruxton.

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The trial of Buck Ruxton lasted eleven days, with the majority of the testimony delivered being from eyewitnesses and from medical and forensic experts who testified on behalf of the prosecution. In his

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Following the closing arguments and Judge Singleton's final instructions, the jury retired to consider their verdict; they would deliberate for just over one hour before returning a verdict of

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Police from the Dumfriesshire Constabulary were called to the scene. Discovering the remains within the package were human, officers searched the stream, surrounding ravines, and the nearby

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Despite his esteemed reputation within the Lancaster community, the relationship between Buck and Isabella Ruxton was fraught, and he became increasingly suspicious of Isabella's alleged

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On 9 October Scottish police visited the Rogerson household and asked Mary Jane's parents if they were able to identify any sections of clothing in which the bodies had been wrapped: Mrs

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The murders committed by Buck Ruxton would prove to be one of the United Kingdom's most publicised murder cases of the 1930s. The case itself is primarily remembered for the innovative

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authorised his practising medicine in the United Kingdom on the strength of the qualifications he had earlier obtained in Bombay. Shortly thereafter, he legally changed his name via

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A dentist named James Priestley would also positively identify dental work upon the teeth still located within the victims' heads to that he had performed upon both victims in life.

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in which the remains had been wrapped had been a souvenir edition of the newspaper which had been printed and circulated solely in the Morecambe and Lancaster area of England on 15

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When asked about his relationship with Isabella at his subsequent trial, Ruxton exclaimed: "We were the sort of people who could not live with each other, or without each other".

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On the evening of 12 October Ruxton was arrested by Lancaster police and extensively questioned throughout the night. When asked to account for his whereabouts between 14 and 29

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Rogerson was unable to identify the pair of child's rompers shown to her, but suggested the police should show the garment to a friend of hers named Edith Holme, who lived in

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September, Ruxton had arrived at her home and informed her that it was unnecessary for her to work at his premises until the following day, and that when she had arrived at 2

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of 6 August 1935; two forearms with hands attached but minus the top joints of the fingers and thumbs; and several pieces of skin and flesh. One part was wrapped in the

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forensics series, has also broadcast an episode focusing on the case of Buck Ruxton. This episode, entitled "A Question of Identity", was first broadcast in June 2015.

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April 1936. The appeal was dismissed that same day as being "insufficient as to even remotely suggesting" any form of misdirection on the part of the judge at trial.

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September, when she had left her two sisters in Blackpool to return to her Lancaster home, having travelled to the seaside resort to view the Blackpool Illuminations.

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had not been completely obliterated from the sole pair of hands found with the remains, and as such, investigators were able to obtain a complete set of fingerprints.

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On the morning of 29 September 1935 a young woman named Susan Haines Johnson glanced over the parapet of an old stone bridge located 2 miles (3 km) north of the

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Rogerson immediately recognised a blouse with distinct patchwork repair beneath one armpit as having belonged to her daughter, whom they had last seen on Saturday 14

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personnel to testify—remained steadfast as to his conclusions regarding the identification of the victims, and that their murders had been committed by Ruxton at 2

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It does not need much imagination to suggest what probably happened in that house. It is very probable that Mary Jane Rogerson was a witness to the murder of Mrs.

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had been discovered within the drains of the property, with much of this material recovered within the section of the drains leading directly from the bathroom.

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had been broken, indicating she had been strangled before the other injuries had been inflicted. The limbs and head of the second victim bore signs of excessive

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been found were also distinctive, with unique factors such as repair patches beneath armpits upon a blouse, and knots used to tie a pair of distinctive child's

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Millar deduced had been entirely committed with a surgical knife as opposed to either a saw or an axe, the murderer had removed the eyes, ears, skin, lips,

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Mearns' deduction that the victims' remains had lain in the location in which they were found for this period of time would subsequently prove to be vital

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September; within hours of the murders he had visited the home of the other charwoman he employed and likewise told her not to clean his premises until 16

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am that morning. When Ruxton heard the recitation of the charge, he stated: "Most emphatically not! Of course not! The farthest thing from my mind! What

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Birkett and Kershaw did object to the prosecution submitting the superimposition of the photographs of Isabella Ruxton and her skull before the jury as

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without a thorough knowledge of human anatomy. From this, Professor Glaister determined the murderer almost certainly worked in the medical profession.

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With financial assistance from his family and the Bombay Medical Service, Ruxton relocated to Britain in 1926. He attended medical courses at London's

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2 Dalton Square, Lancaster (seen to the left in this image). Ruxton established both his medical practice and his family home at this address in 1930.

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While studying to become a Fellow of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in Edinburgh, Ruxton became acquainted with a 26-year-old woman named Isabella Van

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and why? What are you talking about?" Following an appearance in custody of the Borough of Lancaster Police Court, situated on the ground floor of

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at the same institute. Shortly after completing his studies, Ruxton obtained employment at a Bombay hospital, where he specialised in medicine,

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Glaister also noted in his autopsy reports that had the perpetrator actually thrown the remains into the nearby Annan River as opposed to the

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impossible, with additional attention being devoted to areas of the body where possible distinguishing features such as operational scars or

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in an affair with a local youth, had become pregnant and that his wife had agreed to discreetly take her away from their home to arrange an

4834: 1372: 1224:: she had some blows on the top of her head which would render her unconscious, and then was killed by some other means, probably a knife." 437: 382: 378: 4844: 4809: 464:-based doctor named. B. R. Rygate. The following year, Isabella gave birth to the couple's first child, a daughter they named Elizabeth. 4879: 4649: 4597: 4500: 4448: 4415: 4382: 4349: 4316: 4283: 4250: 4217: 4184: 4151: 4085: 4052: 4019: 3986: 3951: 3916: 3336: 3295: 3056: 3102: 1160:

On 5 November Ruxton was further charged with the murder of his wife, whose remains were positively identified using the technique of

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Holme saw the rompers, she immediately recognised them as a pair she had bought for one of the Ruxton children the previous summer.

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presented could have innocently accrued. For example, on one occasion, Birkett contended the blood found on the balustrade within 2

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that may exist in their minds, adding: "If there is an avenue, let him walk down it to freedom, but if there is not, he cannot."

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September, Ruxton produced a handwritten document entitled 'My Movements', which he then passed to investigators before making a

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September, explaining that Isabella and Mary Jane had travelled to Edinburgh. After he had driven his children to the home of a

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Lancaster Chief Constable Henry J. Vann formally charging Buck Ruxton with the murder of Mary Jane Rogerson. 13 October 1935.

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days. This conclusion suggested the victims' bodies could not have been disposed of in the location they were found after 17

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Although Ruxton and Isabella never married, she adopted his surname, and both presented themselves as a married couple.

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and with whom Isabella, Mary Jane, and the Ruxton children had briefly lodged earlier that year on a brief vacation to

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The following morning, Ruxton visited the Hampshires to request Mrs. Hampshire cut off the name-tag upon the suit.

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employed to identify the victims and to prove that their murders had been committed within the Ruxton household.

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Despite intense police searches, the torso of Mary Jane Rogerson was never found, having likely flowed into the

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river Linn (which had been swollen with heavy rains at the time), the bundles would likely have flowed into the

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Buck Ruxton's brief confession to the murders, dated 14 October 1935 and published the day after his execution.

950:. As abortions were at that time illegal in Britain, Ruxton had urged the Rogersons not to contact the police. 818: 4864: 1396: 366: 4726: 3199: 1177:

On 2 March 1936 the trial of Buck Ruxton opened at Manchester's High Court of Justice. He was tried before

784:

Given the proximity of the Gardenholme Linn stream to such a major arterial road, detectives from Glasgow

768:'s inventory of the discoveries in and around the Gardenholme Linn stream and Annan River, 1 October 1935. 648: 1016:

day, before explaining to her that the reason his hand was bandaged was that he had jammed it in a door.

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Following this final instruction from Mr Justice Singleton, the jury retired to consider their verdict.

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has also broadcast an episode focusing on the murders committed by Buck Ruxton. Commissioned by the

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Dalton Square may have accidentally spilled there through either a birth, an abortion, or a woman's

829:

To approximate the time of death of the victims, Dumfriesshire police requested the assistance of a

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Conversing with the Ruxtons' neighbours, Lancaster police also discovered that Ruxton had asked Mrs

1347: 765: 713: 4458:

The Murder Gang: Fleet Street's Elite Group of Crime Reporters in the Golden Age of Tabloid Crime

1816:

on the grounds this was "constructed evidence and thus liable to human error". Nonetheless, this

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Overall, numerous national eminent experts were involved in the identification of the two bodies:

1734: 1082: 802: 563: 441: 411:

In May 1925, Ruxton married a Parsi woman named Motibai Jehangirji Ghadiali. The marriage was an

3266: 2286:"The Chilling Story of Jigsaw Killer Dr Buck Ruxton and the Manchester Trial That Made History" 1189: 518: 467: 397: 3962:

The Casebook of Forensic Detection: How Science Solved 100 of the World's Most Baffling Crimes

1185:

to the charge of murder. Following this formal plea, a jury was empanelled and sworn to duty.

645:

carpeting and Ruxton's stained suit to keep, upon the condition they thoroughly cleaned them.

4780: 3512: 1813: 1753: 1652: 1178: 1161: 481: 298: 242: 38: 2226: 2167:"Drapery and Preaching before Ulverston's Lord Norman Birkett Found Fame in the Legal World" 2036: 528: 4814: 4799: 3927:

The Jigsaw Murders: The True Story of the Ruxton Killings and the Birth of Modern Forensics

2001: 1582: 1577: 1526:. This episode, entitled "Dr Ruxton Axe Killer", was first broadcast in approximately 1950. 1471:. The remains of her body actually recovered were buried in a churchyard in the village of 1428: 1351: 417: 374: 262: 86: 8: 3203: 1472: 1116: 1050: 845:

to identify the age of the maggots found upon the remains, studied the life cycle of the

842: 809:

to prevent further decomposition and destroy all maggot infestation, then preserved in a

290: 1498:

Elizabeth, Diane and William Ruxton are believed to have been raised in an orphanage in

460:

to a London doctor, a fellow Parsi named Manek Motofram, and later as an assistant to a

4643: 4591: 4494: 4442: 4409: 4376: 4343: 4310: 4277: 4244: 4211: 4178: 4145: 4112: 4079: 4046: 4013: 3980: 3945: 3910: 3877: 3615: 3477: 2577: 2041: 2006: 1844: 1781: 1488: 1436: 1196: 909: 814: 725: 185: 4510: 2312:"The Crime that Fascinated Agatha Christie: How Buck Ruxton Committed a Double Murder" 4700: 4681: 4662: 4629: 4610: 4577: 4555: 4536: 4517: 4480: 4461: 4428: 4395: 4362: 4329: 4296: 4263: 4230: 4197: 4164: 4131: 4098: 4065: 4032: 3999: 3966: 3960: 3931: 3896: 3863: 1771: 1572: 1519: 1242: 1200: 1192: 1037: 979: 872: 856: 562:

On the evening of 14 September 1935 Isabella Ruxton left the family home to view the

412: 316:

The case became known as the "Bodies Under the Bridge" due to the location, near the

294: 1539:, the episode focusing upon the Ruxton murders was first broadcast in December 2000. 1181:

for the murder of Isabella Ruxton, and on this date chose to enter a formal plea of

913: 3485: 3064: 1604: 1531: 1492: 1317: 1290: 1138: 1095: 729: 710: 702: 325: 1040:

based on what he had written. He then acquiesced to the investigators' interview.

471:

Buck and Isabella Ruxton, pictured with their oldest daughter, Elizabeth, in 1930.

2084: 1817: 1640: 1251: 921: 889: 591: 1628: 1536: 1511:

The case of the "Bodies Under the Bridge" has been dramatised by British radio

1229: 1221: 925: 877: 755: 692: 4753: 908:

September, strongly suggesting the two victims and/or their murderer lived in

4793: 1207:

In his opening speech to the jury, Joseph Cooksey Jackson stated to the jury:

1003: 983: 917: 851: 806: 677: 662: 587: 317: 3829: 1552:

The first book exclusively devoted to the murders committed by Buck Ruxton,

4744: 3355: 3337:"Dr. Buck Ruxton Bursts into Tears; is Wound Up by Stiff Cross-Examination" 3296:"Dr. Buck Ruxton Bursts into Tears; is Wound Up by Stiff Cross-Examination" 1516: 1512: 1484: 1468: 1112: 885: 838: 810: 778: 595: 920:—who had been called in to assist the investigation at the request of the 3730:"See the Bath where Murderer Buck Ruxton Cut up His Victims in Lancaster" 1332: 1273: 939: 823: 721: 673: 522: 390: 358: 68: 4569: 3218: 2971:"Case Against Dr Buck Ruxton: Lancaster; Moffat; and Manchester (1935)" 1616: 1304: 1153:

The forensic superimposition of Isabella's skull upon her life portrait

1091: 1077: 881: 834: 600: 501: 330: 161: 90: 4359:

Murder by Numbers: Fascinating Figures Behind the World's Worst Crimes

1843:

Some sources name Ruxton's executioner as Albert Pierrepoint's uncle,

1691:

Isabella Ruxton had indeed kept regular company with Robert Edmondson.

4552:

Forensic Science: An Encyclopedia of History, Methods, and Techniques

3200:"Discover how South Asians Shaped the Nation, 1870-1950: Buck Ruxton" 1776:* Arthur Hutchinson. Dean of the Edinburgh Dental Hospital and School 1758: 1444: 774: 619: 607: 574:

pm. Upon her return to Dalton Square in the early hours of Sunday, 15

567: 445: 433: 386: 337: 282: 110: 3331: 3329: 1611: 1076:

September, which had led to his vehicle being intercepted in nearby

942:, suggesting either or both of the victims may have borne children. 652:

The Bridge above Gardenholme Linn stream, seen on 29 September 1935.

610:

he and Isabella employed not to come to his premises until Monday 16

297:

Kerr), and the family housemaid, Mary Jane Rogerson, at his home in

2745:"Seventy Separate Body Parts were Found by Police in Dumfriesshire" 1940: 1938: 1546: 1420: 947: 583: 579: 532:

The Ruxton children, seen with the maid of a family friend in 1935.

513: 505: 143: 3858:

Blundell, R. H.; Wilson; G. Haswell (1950). James H. Hodge (ed.).

3581: 3434: 1778:* Thom Davies. Professor of Pathology at the University of Glasgow 1215:

Ruxton, and that is why she met her death. You will hear that Mrs.

521:

in 1932, and this suicide attempt had resulted in her suffering a

4628:. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers Inc. pp. 244–249. 4128:

A Fly for the Prosecution: How Insect Evidence Helps Solve Crimes

3367: 3326: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1491:, and is currently on display at the Lancashire Police Museum at 1424: 1065: 830: 801:

The two bodies were transported to the Anatomy Department of the

733: 709:

On 1 October the remains were examined at Moffat mortuary by the

484:, where he established a medical practice at his family home at 2 461: 405: 286: 189: 149: 3545: 3543: 1935: 1923: 1416:. But I say to you, sir, I am entirely innocent of this crime." 606:

On the day prior to the murders, Ruxton informed one of the two

512:

It is unknown precisely when Ruxton began to accuse Isabella of

4721: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 2633: 2631: 2476: 2474: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2019: 2017: 1423:

for Ruxton having collected over 10,000 signatures, Ruxton was

1341: 1069: 1046: 724:, and several teeth from both heads to make identification via 666: 354: 321: 167: 64: 4029:

Lancashire Magic & Mystery: Secrets of the Red Rose County

1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1861: 32: 3540: 3528: 2541: 1721: 1354:. Ruxton was executed within the grounds of this prison on 12 1165: 504:, reportedly exploding into fits of rage or bouts of tearful 457: 401: 362: 4425:

Inside the Minds of Healthcare Serial Killers: Why They Kill

3391: 3132: 3120: 3037: 2927: 2724: 2712: 2628: 2505: 2471: 2353: 2341: 2014: 517:

Furthermore, Isabella is known to have attempted suicide by

456:

Ruxton when he relocated to England in 1928. He worked as a

4605:

Whittington-Egan, Richard; Whittington-Egan, Molly (1992).

2917: 2915: 1982: 1904: 1831: 1413: 1182: 928:

filed within this section of England on or shortly after 15

846: 781:, thus delaying or permanently preventing their discovery. 570:). She left Blackpool to return home at approximately 11:30 4550:

Tilstone, William; Savage, Kathleen; Clark, Leigh (2006).

2449:"I Know That We Wasn't or Owt Like That but We Were Happy" 2196:"I Know That We Wasn't or Owt Like That but We Were Happy" 3616:"Hanging of Dr. Buck Ruxton: Woman Demonstrator Arrested" 3025: 813:

before being reconstructed prior to Professors Glaister,

743: 627:

pm, Ruxton visited the home of one of his patients, a Mrs

3683: 3458: 2912: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2329: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2149: 2147: 4194:

Murder Casebook: Investigations into the Ultimate Crime

3598: 3596: 2837: 2835: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2375: 2373: 1311:

Upon completion of both counsels' closing arguments, Mr

440:. Although Ruxton failed his entrance examination, the 408:, before relinquishing his commission in October 1926. 4394:. Lincoln: McFarland & Company. pp. 129–130. 4130:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 3230: 3084: 3082: 2878: 2876: 2618: 2616: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2054: 2052: 1085:

as the incident had occurred as he had been driving en

566:

and visit two of her sisters (both of whom lived near

3830:"Catching History's Criminals: The Forensics History" 3314: 2951: 2900: 2822: 2820: 2700: 2688: 2669: 2652:"'Jigsaw Murders': The Gruesome Case of a Jealous GP" 2596: 2517: 2423: 2406:"'Jigsaw Murders': The Gruesome Case of a Jealous GP" 2385: 2244: 2144: 2115: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1955: 1953: 1784:, Professor of Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh 1588: 396:

On 29 October 1923, Ruxton was commissioned into the

301:, England. These murders are informally known as the 3857: 3593: 3446: 3361: 3224: 3001: 2832: 2486: 2370: 475: 4770:

The Ruxton case at the National Library of Medicine

3996:

Criminal Investigations: Crime Scene Investigations

3895:. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group. 3783:. Old Time Radio Researchers Group. 20 January 2014 3410: 3379: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3242: 3079: 3013: 2989: 2939: 2888: 2873: 2613: 2553: 2529: 2127: 2049: 1419:Despite a petition from Lancaster residents urging 640:

Moreover, in the waiting-room of the property, Mrs.

4870:Emigrants from British India to the United Kingdom 4509: 3851: 3422: 3290: 3288: 3103:"Nostalgia: Murder Most Foul in an Auld Grey Town" 2817: 2103: 1965: 1950: 281:; 21 March 1899 – 12 May 1936) was an Indian-born 495: 4905:People executed by the United Kingdom by hanging 4791: 4604: 4328:. London: Random House Books. pp. 170–177. 3781:"Secrets of Scotland Yard: Dr Ruxton Axe Killer" 3254: 1872: 1529:The American criminal justice television series 4900:People convicted of murder by England and Wales 4516:. Edinburgh: Black & White Publishing Ltd. 4326:Silent Witnesses: A History of Forensic Science 3508:"The Glasgow Police Museum: The Ruxton Murders" 3285: 1137:The studio portrait of Isabella Ruxton used by 924:of Dumfriesshire—focused his efforts on recent 586:apparently overwhelmed him, and he most likely 432:under the name Gabriel Hakim, before moving to 400:as a medical officer; he served in postings at 381:in 1922. The following year, he qualified as a 361:, on 21 March 1899 into a wealthy middle-class 4549: 4512:Bloody Valentine: Scotland's Crimes of Passion 3862:. Middlesex: Penguin Books. pp. 162–236. 2547: 841:, who, using the then-fledgling techniques of 4697:Forensic Science: From Fibers to Fingerprints 4092: 2511: 480:In 1930 the Ruxtons relocated from London to 436:in 1927 to begin studies towards obtaining a 4830:20th-century executions by England and Wales 4191: 4117:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4093:Glaister, John; Brash; James Couper (1937). 3965:. New York City: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 3882:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3587: 3549: 3534: 3440: 3404: 3373: 3138: 3043: 2933: 2793: 2791: 2730: 2718: 2637: 2480: 2364: 2347: 2023: 1988: 1944: 1929: 1917: 1102:Glasgow University. In the early hours of 13 700:September 1935, and undated portions of the 438:Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons 4699:. New York City: Chelsea House Publishing. 4163:. London: Amber Books Ltd. pp. 82–83. 3993: 3126: 2856:"Lords of the Flies: The Insect Detectives" 2190: 2188: 4766:Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body 2578:"Ruxton Case: Points by Accused's Counsel" 37:Ruxton outside his home in Dalton Square, 31: 2788: 1522:as part of the radio crime drama series, 4749:article pertaining to the Ruxton murders 4477:Historical Dictionary of Law Enforcement 4422: 4059: 3923: 3689: 3669:"The Birth of Forensics: Dr Buck Ruxton" 3516:. policemuseum.org.uk. 17 September 2012 2797: 2694: 2309: 2283: 2185: 2121: 2035: 2000: 1568:Capital punishment in the United Kingdom 1346: 647: 543: 527: 466: 423: 16:British physician and convicted murderer 4680:. London: Pan Books. pp. 187–188. 4609:. Glasgow: Neil Wilson Publishing Ltd. 4507: 4389: 4196:. London, England: Marshall Cavendish. 4095:Medico-Legal Aspects of the Ruxton Case 3755:"What Happened to the Ruxton Children?" 3727: 3563:"Devil's Tub Killer Must Die for Crime" 3236: 3170: 3100: 2446: 1886:"The Buck Ruxton "Jigsaw Murders" Case" 1554:Medico-Legal Aspects of the Ruxton Case 895: 333:he inflicted upon his victims' bodies. 309:, while Ruxton himself became known as 4792: 4648:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4623: 4596:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4530: 4499:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4479:. Boston: Greenwood Publishing Group. 4447:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4414:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4381:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4348:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4323: 4315:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4282:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4249:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4216:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4183:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4150:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4084:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4051:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 4026: 4018:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3998:. New York City: Infobase Publishing. 3994:Evans, Colin; French, John L. (2009). 3985:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3950:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3915:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default ( 3827: 3320: 3150: 3031: 2957: 2906: 2853: 2768: 2742: 2706: 2682: 2649: 2607: 2523: 2434: 2403: 2391: 2153: 2091:. capitalpunishmentuk.org. 29 May 2005 348: 289:for the September 1935 murders of his 279:Bukhtyar Chompa Rustomji Ratanji Hakim 4694: 4356: 4192:Jessel, David; Wilson, Colin (1990). 4158: 4031:. Wilmslow, Cheshire: Sigma Leisure. 3958: 3893:Introduction to Forensic Anthropology 3890: 3667:Bibby, Dr. Miriam (3 December 2023). 3666: 3248: 3153:"Reconstructing the 'Jigsaw Murders'" 3019: 3007: 2995: 2921: 2841: 2499: 2379: 2335: 2109: 1750:Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine 805:, where they were first treated with 4820:20th-century British medical doctors 4675: 4656: 4576:. London: Constable & Robinson. 4568: 4474: 4455: 4290: 4257: 4224: 4125: 3602: 3464: 3452: 3428: 3416: 3385: 3101:Jameson, Louise (21 February 2015). 3088: 2945: 2894: 2882: 2826: 2622: 2564: 2535: 2447:Lambert, Sharon (15 February 2007). 2224: 2138: 1976: 1959: 1737:at his trial attesting to his guilt. 1283: 1266: 1235: 892:at the time of their dismemberment. 4835:20th-century Indian medical doctors 4740:case file pertaining to Buck Ruxton 4427:. Connecticut: Praeger Publishing. 4295:. London: Robinson Publishing Ltd. 3803:"American Justice: Dr. Buck Ruxton" 3478:"'Beef-Tub' Slayer Ordered to Hang" 2798:McDermid, Val (26 September 2014). 2769:Martin, Shelby (21 November 2015). 1188:The prosecutors at Ruxton's trial, 13: 4845:British people executed for murder 4810:1935 murders in the United Kingdom 3362:Blundell, Haswell & Hodge 1950 3225:Blundell, Haswell & Hodge 1950 3151:Stolze, Dolly (23 December 2015). 2854:Henley, John (23 September 2010). 2743:Brenan, Victoria (24 April 2020). 2202:. 15 February 2007. Archived from 1757:* Dr. Gilbert Millar. Lecturer in 14: 4921: 4880:Indian people convicted of murder 4732:2008 BBC Lancashire news article 4714: 4460:. Cheltenham: The History Press. 4293:The Murder Guide to Great Britain 4064:. London: John Blake Publishing. 3930:. Cheltenham: The History Press. 2800:"The Grisly History of Forensics" 2310:Craddock, Jeremy (24 June 2021). 2284:Scullard, Vickie (19 July 2020). 2045:. 25 February 1927. p. 1258. 961: 476:Establishment of medical practice 4855:British people of Indian descent 4850:British people of French descent 4720: 4661:. Glasgow: Ringwood Publishing. 4227:Chronicle of 20th Century Murder 3828:Weston, Gabriel (18 June 2015). 3821: 3795: 3773: 3747: 3728:Bryning, Louise (30 June 2022). 3721: 3695: 3660: 3634: 3608: 3555: 3500: 3470: 3178:"History of Lancaster Town Hall" 1837: 1823: 1646: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1335:against Ruxton. Consequently, Mr 1146: 1130: 1053:, kill one Mary Jane Rogerson." 791: 4885:Indian people of French descent 4860:British people of Parsi descent 4659:Ruxton: The First Modern Murder 3852:Cited works and further reading 3192: 3144: 3094: 3049: 2963: 2847: 2762: 2736: 2650:Ruxton, Dean (18 August 2016). 2643: 2570: 2440: 2404:Ruxton, Dean (18 August 2016). 2397: 2303: 2277: 2227:"1936: Buck Ruxton; Red Stains" 2218: 2159: 2077: 2029: 2010:. 18 January 1924. p. 588. 1806: 1797: 1787: 1740: 1727: 1713: 1704: 1694: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1254:occurring within the property. 1141:in efforts to identify her body 1024:keep them if they washed them. 690:August 1935, an edition of the 4825:20th-century English criminals 4535:. Washington D.C.: CRC Press. 4229:. Wiltshire: Select Editions. 1994: 1892:. nlm.nih.gov. 3 December 2014 1878: 1774:at the University of Edinburgh 1435:May 1936. His executioner was 590:Isabella into submissiveness, 496:Jealousy and domestic violence 51:Buktyar Rustomji Ratanji Hakim 1: 4786:pertaining to the Ruxton case 4761:pertaining to the Ruxton case 4533:Forensic Art and Illustration 4361:. Cheltenham: History Press. 4097:. E & S Livingstone Ltd. 2771:"The Case of Dr. Buck Ruxton" 2225:Good, Meaghan (12 May 2013). 1854: 1371:This appeal was heard at the 1326: 557: 343: 4423:Ramsland, Katherine (2007). 1543:Catching History's Criminals 1462: 1406: 900:Several of the pages of the 796: 656: 7: 4910:University of Mumbai alumni 4890:Medical doctors from Mumbai 4554:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 4390:Quigley, Christine (1996). 3057:"Quiz Doctor in Two Deaths" 2060:"The Buck Ruxton Backstory" 1560: 1340:judge of his intentions to 430:University College Hospital 285:convicted and subsequently 10: 4926: 4734:describing the Ruxton case 3924:Craddock, Jeremy (2022) . 2548:Tilstone & Savage 2006 1228:Ruxton's defence counsel, 552: 377:, where he qualified as a 201:Isabella Ruxton (née Kerr) 4759:Contemporary news article 4508:Skelton, Douglas (2004). 4060:Fielding, Steven (2008). 3891:Byers, Steven N. (2016). 2512:Glaister & Brash 1937 1362: 1027: 268: 258: 248: 236: 228: 220: 210: 205: 195: 181: 173: 159: 136: 132: 124: 116: 106: 98: 75: 46: 30: 23: 4895:Parsi people from Mumbai 4754:at murdersdatabase.co.uk 4027:Fields, Kenneth (1998). 3588:Jessel & Wilson 1990 3567:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3550:Jessel & Wilson 1990 3535:Jessel & Wilson 1990 3441:Jessel & Wilson 1990 3405:Jessel & Wilson 1990 3374:Jessel & Wilson 1990 3139:Jessel & Wilson 1990 3044:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2934:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2731:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2719:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2638:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2481:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2365:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2348:Jessel & Wilson 1990 2024:Jessel & Wilson 1990 1989:Jessel & Wilson 1990 1945:Jessel & Wilson 1990 1930:Jessel & Wilson 1990 1918:Jessel & Wilson 1990 1659: 1524:Secrets of Scotland Yard 1505: 1373:Court of Criminal Appeal 1172: 353:Buck Ruxton was born in 4062:The Executioner's Bible 3482:The Minneapolis Tribune 3364:, pp. 55, 160–168. 3127:Evans & French 2009 3107:The Westmorland Gazette 2290:Manchester Evening News 2259:"Till Death Do Us Part" 1763:University of Edinburgh 1735:circumstantial evidence 1701:breakfast that morning. 1083:circumstantial evidence 926:missing persons reports 803:University of Edinburgh 564:Blackpool Illuminations 442:General Medical Council 303:Bodies Under the Bridge 4875:Executed Indian people 4676:Wynn, Douglas (1996). 4624:Wilson, Colin (1992). 4531:Taylor, Karen (2000). 4475:Roth, Mitchel (2001). 4324:McRery, Nigel (2013). 3734:The Lancaster Guardian 3642:"Buck Ruxton, Bungler" 2453:The Lancaster Guardian 2200:The Lancaster Guardian 1770:. Regius Professor of 1454: 1359: 1226: 1190:Joseph Cooksey Jackson 1055: 761: 653: 549: 533: 519:inert gas asphyxiation 472: 398:Indian Medical Service 150:Eyewitness elimination 4840:Annandale and Eskdale 4781:University of Glasgow 4392:The Corpse: A History 4357:Moore, James (2018). 4258:Lane, Brian (1994) . 4225:Lane, Brian (1995) . 4159:Innes, Brian (2000). 4126:Goff, M. Lee (2009). 3959:Evans, Colin (1996). 3590:, pp. 1725–1726. 3513:Glasgow Police Museum 3443:, pp. 1717–1718. 3376:, pp. 1719–1720. 2975:University of Glasgow 1947:, pp. 1703–1704. 1932:, pp. 1711–1719. 1873:Whittington-Egan 1992 1814:inadmissible evidence 1754:University of Glasgow 1748:* John Glaister Jr.. 1450: 1350: 1209: 1197:David Maxwell Fyfe KC 1162:forensic anthropology 1043: 759:dated 15 September." 740: 651: 623:at approximately 4.30 547: 531: 482:Lancaster, Lancashire 470: 424:Relocation to Britain 243:Lancaster, Lancashire 4865:British Zoroastrians 4729:at Wikimedia Commons 4695:Yount, Lisa (2007). 4291:Lane, Brian (1991). 4262:. Kettering: Index. 3759:Lancashire Telegraph 3707:scottish-places.info 1583:List of executioners 1578:HM Prison Manchester 1431:on the morning of 12 1429:HM Prison Manchester 1352:HM Prison Manchester 1179:Mr Justice Singleton 896:Lancaster connection 578:September, Ruxton's 418:telegraphic transfer 379:Bachelor of Medicine 375:University of Bombay 263:HM Prison Manchester 152:(Mary Jane Rogerson) 120:Executed 12 May 1936 87:HM Prison Manchester 4784:archive photographs 4738:British Executions 4678:On Trial for Murder 4626:Murder in the 1930s 4570:Trow, Meirion James 4456:Root, Neil (2018). 3648:. 18 September 1937 3646:The Daily Telegraph 3467:, pp. 134–135. 3227:, pp. 207–208. 3206:. 17 September 2011 3204:The Open University 3180:. City of Lancaster 3034:, pp. 246–247. 2924:, pp. 187–188. 2338:, pp. 188–189. 2064:hosted.law.wisc.edu 1139:forensic scientists 1117:Lancaster Town Hall 1051:malice aforethought 1038:voluntary statement 843:forensic entomology 383:Bachelor of Surgery 349:Childhood and youth 338:forensic techniques 293:, Isabella Ruxton ( 4777:of the Ruxton case 4657:Wood, Tom (2020). 4607:The Murder Almanac 4161:Bodies of Evidence 3809:. 10 December 2000 3620:The Canberra Times 3267:"Murder Most Foul" 3067:. 27 November 1935 2977:. 29 November 2012 2582:Warwick Daily News 2265:. 19 December 2005 2089:Capital Punishment 2042:The London Gazette 2007:The London Gazette 1845:Thomas Pierrepoint 1782:James Couper Brash 1489:Hutton, Lancashire 1437:Albert Pierrepoint 1377:Lord Chief Justice 1360: 916:Jeremiah Lynch of 910:North West England 886:blunt force trauma 815:James Couper Brash 730:composite drawings 711:forensic scientist 654: 550: 534: 473: 448:to "Buck Ruxton". 311:The Savage Surgeon 259:Imprisoned at 216:Mary Jane Rogerson 102:The Savage Surgeon 4746:Forensics Library 4725:Media related to 4706:978-1-604-13061-4 4687:978-0-09-472990-2 4668:978-1-901-51484-1 4635:978-0-881-84855-7 4616:978-1-897-78404-4 4583:978-0-094-72990-2 4574:The Wigwam Murder 4561:978-1-576-07194-6 4542:978-0-849-38118-8 4523:978-1-845-02004-0 4467:978-0-750-98721-9 4434:978-0-275-99422-8 4401:978-0-786-42449-8 4368:978-0-750-99207-7 4335:978-1-847-94683-6 4302:978-1-845-02937-1 4269:978-1-852-27297-5 4236:978-0-425-14649-1 4203:978-0-748-51448-9 4170:978-1-856-05623-6 4137:978-0-674-03768-7 4104:978-0-443-00690-6 4071:978-1-843-58696-8 4038:978-1-850-58606-7 4005:978-0-791-0940-51 3972:978-0-471-07650-6 3937:978-0-750-99767-6 3902:978-1-138-18884-6 3869:978-0-140-00787-9 3860:Famous Trials III 3703:"Gardenholm Linn" 3671:. historic-uk.com 3129:, pp. 30–39. 2316:The Daily Express 2231:executedtoday.com 2173:. 12 October 2007 1772:Forensic Medicine 1573:Domestic violence 1520:Harry Alan Towers 1284:Closing arguments 1267:Defence testimony 1236:Witness testimony 1230:Norman Birkett KC 1201:Hartley Shawcross 980:Grange-over-Sands 857:Calliphora vicina 811:formalin solution 766:John Glaister Jr. 714:John Glaister Jr. 272: 271: 224:15 September 1935 146:(Isabella Ruxton) 4917: 4775:trial transcript 4724: 4710: 4691: 4672: 4653: 4647: 4639: 4620: 4601: 4595: 4587: 4565: 4546: 4527: 4515: 4504: 4498: 4490: 4471: 4452: 4446: 4438: 4419: 4413: 4405: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4353: 4347: 4339: 4320: 4314: 4306: 4287: 4281: 4273: 4254: 4248: 4240: 4221: 4215: 4207: 4188: 4182: 4174: 4155: 4149: 4141: 4122: 4116: 4108: 4089: 4083: 4075: 4056: 4050: 4042: 4023: 4017: 4009: 3990: 3984: 3976: 3955: 3949: 3941: 3920: 3914: 3906: 3887: 3881: 3873: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3709:. 1 January 2016 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3486:Associated Press 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3333: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3292: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3263: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3065:Associated Press 3061:Gettysburg Times 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2830: 2824: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2626: 2620: 2611: 2605: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2484: 2478: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2459:on 9 August 2018 2455:. Archived from 2444: 2438: 2432: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2368: 2362: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2255: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2206:on 9 August 2018 2192: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2142: 2136: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2056: 2047: 2046: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2012: 2011: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1980: 1974: 1963: 1957: 1948: 1942: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1902: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1848: 1841: 1835: 1827: 1821: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1744: 1738: 1731: 1725: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1615: 1614: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1594: 1532:American Justice 1493:Lancaster Castle 1458: 1434: 1402: 1394: 1386: 1357: 1338: 1318:reasonable doubt 1314: 1301: 1291:closing argument 1261: 1249: 1218: 1214: 1150: 1134: 1110: 1105: 1088: 1075: 1059: 1035: 1022: 1014: 1010: 997: 989: 977: 973: 969: 957: 936: 931: 907: 867: 863: 839:Alexander Mearns 769: 719: 703:Sunday Chronicle 699: 689: 643: 638: 630: 626: 617: 613: 577: 573: 487: 454: 326:Southern Uplands 250:Date apprehended 239: 198: 164: 99:Other names 82: 60: 58: 35: 21: 20: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4805:1935 in England 4790: 4789: 4717: 4707: 4688: 4669: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4617: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4562: 4543: 4524: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4468: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3854: 3849: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3826: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3761:. 14 July 2000 3753: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3625: 3623: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3569:. 27 April 1936 3561: 3560: 3556: 3552:, p. 1726. 3548: 3541: 3537:, p. 1725. 3533: 3529: 3519: 3517: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3488:. 14 March 1936 3476: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3407:, p. 1721. 3403: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3343:. 12 March 1936 3335: 3334: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3302:. 12 March 1936 3294: 3293: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3271:Herald Scotland 3265: 3264: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3157:forensicmag.com 3149: 3145: 3141:, p. 1717. 3137: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3046:, p. 1703. 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2936:, p. 1711. 2932: 2928: 2920: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2833: 2825: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2796: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2741: 2737: 2733:, p. 1697. 2729: 2725: 2721:, p. 1712. 2717: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2681: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2656:The Irish Times 2648: 2644: 2640:, p. 1696. 2636: 2629: 2621: 2614: 2606: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2584:. 14 March 1936 2576: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2554: 2546: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2498: 2487: 2483:, p. 1702. 2479: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2410:The Irish Times 2402: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2371: 2367:, p. 1723. 2363: 2354: 2350:, p. 1722. 2346: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2308: 2304: 2294: 2292: 2282: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2257: 2256: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2194: 2193: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2145: 2137: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2034: 2030: 2026:, p. 1701. 2022: 2015: 1999: 1995: 1991:, p. 1700. 1987: 1983: 1975: 1966: 1958: 1951: 1943: 1936: 1928: 1924: 1920:, p. 1706. 1916: 1905: 1895: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1851: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1824: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1794:circumstances." 1792: 1788: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1732: 1728: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1647: 1645: 1635: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1609: 1599: 1597: 1589: 1587: 1563: 1537:A&E Network 1508: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1432: 1409: 1400: 1392: 1384: 1365: 1355: 1336: 1329: 1312: 1299: 1286: 1269: 1259: 1252:menstrual cycle 1247: 1238: 1216: 1212: 1175: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1108: 1103: 1086: 1073: 1061: 1057: 1033: 1030: 1020: 1012: 1008: 995: 987: 975: 971: 967: 964: 955: 934: 929: 922:Chief Constable 905: 898: 865: 861: 799: 794: 771: 763: 717: 697: 687: 659: 641: 636: 628: 624: 615: 611: 592:unconsciousness 575: 571: 560: 555: 498: 488:Dalton Square. 485: 478: 452: 426: 351: 346: 291:common-law wife 254:13 October 1935 251: 237: 215: 214:Isabella Ruxton 196: 174:Criminal charge 160: 155: 117:Criminal status 94: 89: 84: 80: 71: 62: 56: 54: 53: 52: 42: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4923: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4788: 4787: 4778: 4771: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4716: 4715:External links 4713: 4712: 4711: 4705: 4692: 4686: 4673: 4667: 4654: 4634: 4621: 4615: 4602: 4582: 4566: 4560: 4547: 4541: 4528: 4522: 4505: 4485: 4472: 4466: 4453: 4433: 4420: 4400: 4387: 4367: 4354: 4334: 4321: 4301: 4288: 4268: 4255: 4235: 4222: 4202: 4189: 4169: 4156: 4136: 4123: 4103: 4090: 4070: 4057: 4037: 4024: 4004: 3991: 3971: 3956: 3936: 3921: 3901: 3888: 3868: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3820: 3794: 3772: 3746: 3720: 3694: 3692:, p. 279. 3682: 3659: 3633: 3607: 3605:, p. 135. 3592: 3580: 3554: 3539: 3527: 3499: 3469: 3457: 3455:, p. 134. 3445: 3433: 3421: 3419:, p. 135. 3409: 3390: 3388:, p. 132. 3378: 3366: 3354: 3341:Ottawa Citizen 3325: 3323:, p. 249. 3313: 3300:Ottawa Citizen 3284: 3273:. 9 March 1996 3253: 3241: 3239:, p. 129. 3229: 3217: 3191: 3169: 3143: 3131: 3119: 3093: 3091:, p. 128. 3078: 3048: 3036: 3024: 3012: 3010:, p. 246. 3000: 2988: 2962: 2960:, p. 174. 2950: 2948:, p. 130. 2938: 2926: 2911: 2909:, p. 246. 2899: 2897:, p. 130. 2887: 2885:, p. 131. 2872: 2846: 2844:, p. 190. 2831: 2816: 2787: 2761: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2709:, p. 172. 2699: 2687: 2685:, p. 245. 2668: 2642: 2627: 2625:, p. 125. 2612: 2610:, p. 244. 2595: 2569: 2567:, p. 147. 2552: 2550:, p. 253. 2540: 2538:, p. 129. 2528: 2526:, p. 175. 2516: 2514:, p. 247. 2504: 2502:, p. 189. 2485: 2470: 2439: 2437:, p. 248. 2422: 2396: 2394:, p. 247. 2384: 2382:, p. 188. 2369: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2302: 2276: 2243: 2217: 2184: 2158: 2156:, p. 123. 2143: 2141:, p. 127. 2126: 2114: 2102: 2076: 2048: 2028: 2013: 1993: 1981: 1979:, p. 126. 1964: 1962:, p. 134. 1949: 1934: 1922: 1903: 1877: 1875:, p. 139. 1859: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1836: 1830:from the same 1822: 1820:was overruled. 1805: 1796: 1786: 1739: 1726: 1712: 1703: 1693: 1683: 1674: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1653:United Kingdom 1643: 1631: 1619: 1607: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1540: 1527: 1507: 1504: 1464: 1461: 1449: 1408: 1405: 1364: 1361: 1328: 1325: 1285: 1282: 1268: 1265: 1243:cross-examined 1237: 1234: 1174: 1171: 1164:, in which an 1152: 1145: 1144: 1136: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1042: 1029: 1026: 974:September. Mrs 963: 962:Identification 960: 902:Sunday Graphic 897: 894: 878:cause of death 798: 795: 793: 790: 756:Sunday Graphic 739: 726:dental records 693:Sunday Graphic 686:dated 6 and 31 658: 655: 559: 556: 554: 551: 497: 494: 477: 474: 425: 422: 350: 347: 345: 342: 307:Jigsaw Murders 270: 269: 266: 265: 260: 256: 255: 252: 249: 246: 245: 240: 234: 233: 232:United Kingdom 230: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 212: 208: 207: 203: 202: 199: 193: 192: 183: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 165: 157: 156: 154: 153: 147: 140: 138: 134: 133: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 85: 83:(aged 37) 77: 73: 72: 63: 50: 48: 44: 43: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4922: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4637: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4514: 4513: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4488: 4486:0-313-30560-9 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4436: 4430: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4370: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4304: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4205: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4172: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4106: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4015: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3974: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3939: 3933: 3929: 3928: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3904: 3898: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3871: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3782: 3776: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3691: 3690:Fielding 2008 3686: 3670: 3663: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3622:. 13 May 1936 3621: 3617: 3611: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3589: 3584: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3544: 3536: 3531: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3431:, p. 25. 3430: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3330: 3322: 3317: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3289: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3251:, p. 83. 3250: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3179: 3173: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3135: 3128: 3123: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3033: 3028: 3022:, p. 70. 3021: 3016: 3009: 3004: 2998:, p. 82. 2997: 2992: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2829:, p. 12. 2828: 2823: 2821: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2792: 2776: 2775:haikudeck.com 2772: 2765: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2727: 2720: 2715: 2708: 2703: 2696: 2695:Ramsland 2007 2691: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2624: 2619: 2617: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2549: 2544: 2537: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2513: 2508: 2501: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2411: 2407: 2400: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2349: 2344: 2337: 2332: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2189: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2123: 2122:Craddock 2022 2118: 2111: 2106: 2090: 2086: 2085:"Buck Ruxton" 2080: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2053: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2009: 2008: 2003: 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Retrieved 1889: 1880: 1839: 1825: 1808: 1799: 1789: 1780:* Professor 1768:Sydney Smith 1742: 1729: 1715: 1706: 1696: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1553: 1542: 1530: 1523: 1517:screenwriter 1513:scriptwriter 1497: 1485:civil parish 1481: 1477: 1469:Solway Firth 1466: 1455: 1451: 1441: 1418: 1410: 1370: 1366: 1330: 1322: 1310: 1296: 1287: 1278: 1270: 1256: 1239: 1227: 1210: 1206: 1187: 1176: 1159: 1123:in custody. 1100: 1062: 1056: 1044: 1031: 1018: 1000: 992: 965: 952: 944: 901: 899: 870: 855: 835:entomologist 828: 824:fingerprints 819:Sydney Smith 800: 783: 779:Solway Firth 772: 762: 754: 750:Daily Herald 748: 741: 734:vaccinations 708: 701: 691: 683:Daily Herald 681: 671: 660: 634: 605: 561: 539: 535: 511: 499: 490: 479: 450: 427: 410: 404:and, later, 395: 371: 352: 335: 315: 310: 306: 302: 278: 274: 273: 81:(1936-05-12) 18: 4815:1936 deaths 4800:1899 births 4727:Buck Ruxton 3807:TVGuide.com 3739:29 November 3652:30 November 3321:Wilson 1992 3032:Wilson 1992 2958:McRery 2013 2907:Wilson 1992 2707:McRery 2013 2683:Wilson 1992 2608:Wilson 1992 2588:30 November 2524:McRery 2013 2435:Wilson 1992 2392:Wilson 1992 2295:9 September 2269:6 September 2236:7 September 2154:Fields 1998 2095:7 September 2037:"No. 33251" 2002:"No. 32899" 1381:Lord Hewart 1305:had alleged 1241:tirelessly 1096:body tissue 1049:, and with 1047:feloniously 912:. As such, 868:September. 722:soft tissue 674:Annan River 596:asphyxiated 523:miscarriage 391:gynaecology 275:Buck Ruxton 238:Location(s) 79:12 May 1936 25:Buck Ruxton 4794:Categories 3573:1 December 3520:3 November 3492:21 January 3347:11 October 3249:Innes 2000 3210:18 October 3112:15 October 3020:Moore 2018 3008:Evans 1996 2996:Innes 2000 2922:Evans 1996 2842:Evans 1996 2809:13 October 2754:1 December 2749:The Herald 2500:Evans 1996 2380:Evans 1996 2336:Evans 1996 2177:27 October 2110:Byers 2016 2069:2 December 1896:19 October 1855:References 1500:the Wirral 1327:Conviction 1183:not guilty 1092:balustrade 1078:Milnthorpe 986:. When Mrs 958:October.) 882:hyoid bone 764:Professor 601:mutilation 558:Commission 502:infidelity 365:family of 344:Early life 331:mutilation 197:Partner(s) 107:Occupation 91:Manchester 57:1899-03-21 4644:cite book 4592:cite book 4495:cite book 4443:cite book 4410:cite book 4377:cite book 4344:cite book 4311:cite book 4278:cite book 4245:cite book 4212:cite book 4179:cite book 4146:cite book 4113:cite book 4080:cite book 4047:cite book 4014:cite book 3981:cite book 3946:cite book 3911:cite book 3878:cite book 3765:8 October 3626:5 January 3603:Lane 1994 3465:Lane 1994 3453:Lane 1994 3429:Trow 1994 3417:Lane 1991 3386:Lane 1994 3306:7 October 3277:8 October 3089:Lane 1994 2981:5 October 2946:Roth 2001 2895:Lane 1994 2883:Lane 1994 2827:Goff 2009 2623:Lane 1994 2565:Lane 1995 2536:Lane 1994 2139:Lane 1994 1977:Lane 1994 1960:Lane 1991 1818:objection 1759:pathology 1605:Biography 1463:Aftermath 1445:acquitted 1407:Execution 1358:May 1936. 1274:chastises 1222:fractured 914:Inspector 871:From the 854:known as 797:Autopsies 775:tributary 657:Discovery 620:Morecambe 608:charwomen 588:strangled 568:Blackpool 446:deed poll 434:Edinburgh 387:midwifery 299:Lancaster 283:physician 186:Execution 111:Physician 93:, England 41:, c. 1934 39:Lancaster 4572:(1994). 3834:BBC Four 3787:23 April 3713:26 March 2321:25 April 2171:The Mail 1641:Scotland 1561:See also 1547:BBC Four 1421:clemency 1395:Justice 1391:, and Mr 1387:Justice 1121:remanded 1068:town of 1066:Cumbrian 948:abortion 696:dated 15 665:town of 635:When Mrs 584:paranoia 580:jealousy 514:adultery 506:hysteria 413:arranged 369:origin. 320:town of 305:and the 144:Jealousy 125:Children 3675:28 June 3184:11 July 1761:at the 1752:at the 1629:England 1591:Portals 1473:Overton 1397:Goddard 1389:du Parq 1375:by the 1276:most." 940:rompers 890:viscera 852:blowfly 833:-based 831:Glasgow 553:Murders 462:Stepney 406:Baghdad 324:in the 229:Country 211:Victims 206:Details 190:hanging 182:Penalty 4703: 4684: 4665: 4632: 4613: 4580: 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