272: ft (1.1 m) thick concrete slab measuring 287 by 374 feet (87 m × 114 m) floating on fill and sand. The overall dimensions of Brooks Hall itself are 284 by 434 feet (87 m × 132 m) including mechanical spaces and offices, and overall height is 21 ft 6 in (6.55 m), measured floor-to-floor. Inside, the ceiling has a vertical clearance of 14 feet (4.3 m) to the floor; square concrete pillars measuring 32 in (810 mm) on a side are spaced on 40-foot (12 m) centers to support the space. Forced air ventilation is provided; air may be heated (using steam from city plants) or chilled (using a chilled water system); aboveground, the ventilation structures near one playground are the most visible sign of Brooks Hall. The roof of Brooks Hall is covered with soil varying between 3 and 5 feet (0.91 and 1.52 m) deep. A report published in 1998 estimated the weight of Brooks Hall alone may not be sufficient to resist the buoyant uplift without the soil covering. The prime contractor for Brooks Hall was Theo G. Meyer & Sons; the architects were
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255:. Drainage was one of the major challenges in building the underground space; at the time of construction, the water table was only 16 to 19 feet (4.9 to 5.8 m) below the Civic Center Plaza surface, and the excavation for Brooks Hall went to a depth exceeding 30 feet (9.1 m). To keep the site dry, five wells were drilled 50 feet (15 m) deep along the north and west edges of the site and water was continuously pumped out of the site at a rate of 100 to 300 US gal/min (6.3 to 18.9 L/s) per well.
29:
381:. The new Main Library was built on the Marshall Square block bounded by Larkin, Fulton, Hyde, and Grove streets, incorporating the Brooks Hall truck access ramp that "visually marred" the formal approach to City Hall from Market Street. The ramp, near the southwest corner of Fulton and Hyde, is still used by the Library and Brooks Hall.
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The Plaza would be raised over an underground parking space and a proposed underground convention exhibition space. The Plaza would be connected to the Fulton Street Mall by a ramp and to the City Hall at the level of its Polk Street entrance. Auditorium facilities might be expanded under the Civic
454:
In 2000, a report to the San
Francisco Library Commission proposed renovating Brooks Hall and converting it into the city archive at a cost of $ 10 million. Other ideas proposed for its reuse included a computer museum, an antiques mart, an expansion of the nearby parking garage, a food hall, a
392:
A survey of existing conditions in 1998 concluded that the electrical, lighting, plumbing, fire alarm, and telecommunications systems, all of which dated to the original 1958 installation, were outdated and would require replacement if the space were used for anything other than storage or parking.
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and fire codes, and possibly require up to $ 40M to refurbish the space for other uses. Following the closure of Brooks Hall, the city's
Department of Convention Facilities transferred authority over the space to the real estate department after a 1996 study concluded there was no economical way to
288:
At the opening ceremony, Mayor
Christopher bragged that the site had already been booked for 74 days in 1958, 104 days in 1959, and 117 days in 1960. However, just six months after opening, Saul Poliak, an innovator in industry trade shows, called Brooks Hall "distressingly inadequate" and had left
228:
Excavation for the site began on
September 17, 1956, and citizens were encouraged to take plants from Civic Center Plaza for their personal use. The discovery of prior paving and building foundations on the site slowed construction, which had been scheduled to take 18 months after excavation was to
425:
The site is also used by the San
Francisco Department of Elections to stage ballots before they are distributed to polling places. It is also an alternate site for counting vote-by-mail ballots and dispatching poll workers. Although access to unvoted ballots is intended to be limited, workers have
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presided over the dedication ceremony on April 11, 1958, when the exhibition space was dedicated for Brooks. During construction, the local press dubbed the new space "Mole Hall" or "Gopher Palace", nicknames that profoundly irritated Mayor
Christopher and which made headlines from coast to coast.
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The concept of an exhibition space under Civic Center Plaza was advanced in a 1953 report written by city planners which called for the first reinvention of the Civic Center since the original 1911 design and also predicted what would become
Moscone Center. Funding for the project was provided
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By 1976, according to a proposal submitted to the city, "the existing building does not meet the expectations of today's conventioneer or exhibitor" and a renovation was proposed to update meeting rooms, offices, and restrooms." For instance, the Show
Manager's Office was accessed through the
657:"A THOUSAND citizens gathered today for dedication of Brooks Hall, the $ 4.5 million underground exhibit area beneath Civic Center Plaza. At right, Mayor Christopher and Chief Administrative Officer Thomas A. Brooks, for whom the hall was named, cut ribbon as highlight of ceremonies"
374:(completed in 1989). A 1987 report advocated retaining Brooks Hall as a cheaper alternative to Moscone Center, as the cost to rent Brooks was half that of Moscone, and hotels in Civic Center were more affordable as well. Events fell from a high of 26 held in 1988 to just 15 in 1993.
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Center Plaza, or to include the site occupied by the Fox
Theatre or the block occupied by the Orpheum Theatre. However, consideration should also be given to the eventual development of a larger new convention hall in a location closer to the downtown hotels and retail stores.
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complained the fencing surrounding their area is not secure; access to Brooks Hall is difficult, as the main pedestrian stairway is steep, slippery, and often unsanitary due to public urination; restroom plumbing is inadequate; and electrical circuits are often overloaded.
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It was built in the late 1950s for $ 4,500,000, and dedicated on April 11, 1958. It was named after Thomas A. Brooks, a chief administrative officer of the City and County of San
Francisco, who retired the same year the building was dedicated.
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As of 2019, Brooks Hall has not reopened as an exhibition site. Since the new Main Library has opened, Brooks Hall has been used to store library books. It has also been used to store historical artifacts, including the Exposition Organ, a
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By October 1958, the original architect/engineer design team had prepared plans to expand the facilities at Brooks Hall with an additional exhibition building to be built in the block west across Polk from the Civic Auditorium.
289:"San Francisco unprepared for major conventions and exhibitions" while providing some faint comparative praise: "Your chief competitor out here is Los Angeles, of course, and right now they’re in worse shape than you are."
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Before 1981, the auditorium and Brooks Hall were used as the city's primary convention center; after that date bookings at Brooks Hall suffered because of competition from more modern event spaces such as
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performance hall, a farmer's market, or a city-run television studio. In 2018, CMG Landscape Architecture unveiled three proposals to redesign the entire Civic Center open spaces, including a
317:, a 60-foot (18 m) long walk-through cocoon-shaped gallery made from parachute silk intended to display the journey from anxiety to calm, made headlines nationally, including coverage in
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vestibule of the men's restroom, which had "excessive odor" due to the use of absorptive grout, and a storage space was used for food service, rather than a dedicated kitchen.
437:, a report that explored concepts to renovate and reuse existing city assets in Civic Center, including Brooks Hall. Four conversion alternatives were brought forth:
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The three-story subterranean parking garage immediately north of Brooks Hall was built starting in 1959; the two structures are separated with a seismic joint
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largely through $ 3M authorized by Measure A, passed by San Francisco voters in November 1954, and planning for the new space began in 1956.
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During its operating history, Brooks Hall became home to events such as the Harvest Festival, the San Francisco Gift Show, and the
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design variant that would open public access to Brooks Hall through a canopy-covered set of stairs just north of Grove Street.
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In 1996, it was estimated that it would require a minimum investment of $ 1.6M to bring the facility in compliance with the
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Brooks Hall was built with a tunnel underneath Grove Street, connecting the exhibition space to its neighbor to the south,
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330:, credited as the first microcomputer convention, which drew 12,700 visitors its first year (1977). It was also where
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410:. Plans to move the organ, which had been installed in the Civic Auditorium until it was damaged during the
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731:"'Mole Hall' stirs a furor on coast; Underground Pavilion Plans at San Francisco Dubbed With Waggish Names"
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never materialized. As of July 2023 the City has listed it for sale with a Maine-based instrument broker.
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Public access television studio, office spaces, and exhibit areas (with parking), costing $ 15.4 M
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1368:"Grand Plans For Majestic Pipe Organ / S.F. backers show off model for Embarcadero music concourse"
861:
Flying Cars, zombie dogs, and robot overlords: How world's fairs and trade expos changed the world
797:
San Francisco Civic Center Historic District Improvement Project: Site Analysis Resource Notebook
795:
Simon Martin Vegue Winkelstein Moris Olin Partnership (May 1998). "III. Engineering Conditions".
562:
204:) is a disused 90,000 sq ft (8,400 m) event space underneath the southern half of
366:(completed in 1981 and expanded in 1991), Fashion Center (completed in 1990 and later leased by
1121:
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1124:(Report). City and County of San Francisco, Department of Public Works, Bureau of Architecture
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Simon Martin Vegue Winkelstein Moris Olin Partnership & Associated Firms (October 1998).
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1519:"Cost of Redoing S.F. Main Library Put at $ 28 Million / Report notes lacks of shelf space"
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The space was closed to the public in April 1993 because of the construction of the new
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San Francisco's Civic Auditorium all set for the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference
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Civic Center Garage signage, pointing to Brooks Hall and other nearby facilities
1235:(Report). Office of the Mayor, San Francisco. November 1987. pp. 31–32, 39
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1470:"Election Preparations for the November 7, 2006 Consolidated General Election"
824:
The Age of Anxiety: A History of America's Turbulent Affair with Tranquilizers
707:(Report). San Francisco Department of City Planning. June 1953. pp. 27–28
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65:
52:
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Civic Center Garage map, pointing to Brooks Hall and other nearby facilities
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Wurster, William; Owings, Nathaniel; DeLeuw, Charles (October 15, 1958).
280:; engineering was provided by H.J. Brunnier and DeLeuw, Cather & Co.
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Signage at the San Francisco Civic Center Garage, mentioning Brooks Hall
28:
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One of the first shows booked at the new exhibition space was the 1958
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Photo of Polk Street side of City Hall and construction of Brooks Hall
1266:(Report). City and County of San Francisco, Department of Public Works
802:(Report). Department of Public Works, City and County of San Francisco
1316:"New Plan For Old Books / S.F. library to get rid of stored discards"
1152:(Report). City and County of San Francisco. January 2017. p. 13
680:"Abandoned Convention Hall Part Of Civic Center Revitalization Plan"
248:
inches (110 mm) wide and a tunnel connects the two structures.
1147:
Request for Proposals for CP17-01, Civic Center Public Space Design
1597:"Civic Center makeover: Here's the plan to revamp the heart of SF"
603:"SF's Brooks Hall: Mayor made a mountain out of Mole Hall moniker"
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Multi-media production center with parking, costing $ 14.9 M
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was not held at Brooks Hall, but in the nearby Civic Auditorium.
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212:; a parking garage occupies the space under the northern half.
1496:"Report on the Facilities Used by the Department of Elections"
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Doors to Brooks Hall underneath the San Francisco Civic Center
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Proposal for Renovation of Brooks Hall and Civic Auditorium
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for an eye-catching piece to promote its new tranquilizer,
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33:
Site plan of Brooks Hall, San Francisco (published in 2000)
1341:"Report chastises S.F. over preservation of its artifacts"
1394:"Ceremony Opens An Era of Optimism For S.F. Embarcadero"
1041:"History in Pictures: FJCC 1968 "Mother of All Demos""
1656:
Further photos of construction from SF Public Library
1449:. City and County of San Francisco. October 29, 2009
1176:"S.F. Fashion Center on the Block, But No One Bids"
1661:Photo of City Hall with excavation for Brooks Hall
1202:"Zynga signing biggest S.F. office lease in years"
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565:. Western Construction. March 1957. pp. 64–66
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527:Signage at the San Francisco Civic Center Garage
16:Disused event venue in San Francisco, California
1419:"Organs for Sale - 3141, Austin, San Francisco"
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827:. New York City: Basic Books. pp. 76–78.
338:convention in 1985, and many subsequent ones.
1651:Photos of construction from SF Public Library
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1646:Photos of opening day from SF Public Library
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933:"Brooks Hall's future thrown open to debate"
863:. Malaysia: Globe Pequot. pp. 199–200.
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635:"SF plans major Civic Center transformation"
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1261:A Program for Renovation and Revitalization
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1089:San Francisco Civic Center Development Plan
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435:A Program for Renovation and Revitalization
1691:Buildings and structures completed in 1958
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389:continue using it as an exhibition space.
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1681:Buildings and structures in San Francisco
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1444:"Department of Elections: Emergency Plan"
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702:An Introductory Plan for the Civic Center
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229:be completed in February 1957, and Mayor
137: (equivalent to $ 47,520,000 in 2023)
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601:Van Niekerken, Bill (January 30, 2018).
577:
431:San Francisco Department of Public Works
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408:Panama-Pacific International Exhibition
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1623:. Civic Center Public Realm Plan. 2018
1571:"Library Space Issue Needs Clarifying"
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633:Sabatini, Joshua (January 23, 2017).
441:Parking garage, costing $ 11.3 M
406:originally manufactured for the 1915
341:Contrary to popular belief, the 1968
164:90,000 sq ft (8,400 m)
1517:Wildermuth, John (January 5, 2000).
1200:Temple, James (September 25, 2010).
563:"Five wells to drain wet foundation"
444:Public storage, costing $ 1.3 M
258:The foundation consists of a large,
1288:Evenson, Laura (October 29, 1996).
892:"Medicine: To Nirvana with Miltown"
760:"Mayor Rips 'Mole Hall' Name Again"
13:
1498:. City and County of San Francisco
1475:. City and County of San Francisco
931:Gordon, Rachel (August 22, 1996).
14:
1707:
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1392:Epstein, Edward (June 17, 2000).
1314:Wilson, Yumi (February 9, 1999).
983:Mancuso, Jo (September 8, 1996).
957:Ellison, Peter (June–July 1984).
1696:Event venues established in 1958
1686:Convention centers in California
1543:Citara, Bill (August 11, 1997).
1290:"Rival Computer Museum Proposed"
1120:MBT Associates (December 1976).
1011:"According to Webster: Start-up"
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85:City and County of San Francisco
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1094:(Report). City of San Francisco
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370:as its headquarters), and the
278:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
274:Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons
1:
1569:Levy, Dan (January 3, 2001).
1545:"Civic Center, dining center"
1366:Wilson, Yumi (May 19, 1999).
535:
464:Brooks Hall traces as of 2019
161: • Total space
1468:Arntz, John (October 2006).
1009:Webster, Bruce (July 1985).
420:San Francisco Ferry Building
299:American Medical Association
253:Bill Graham Civic Auditorium
7:
1494:Arntz, John (August 2007).
682:. Hoodline. January 4, 2018
412:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
301:convention. For that show,
10:
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1068:. Doug Englebart Institute
1043:. Doug Englebart Institute
283:
169:Public transit access
1595:King, John (2018-06-29).
1066:"Doug's Great Demo: 1968"
414:, to a new pavilion near
397:Current and proposed uses
328:West Coast Computer Faire
194:Civic Center Exhibit Hall
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855:Pappas, Charles (2017).
637:. San Francisco Examiner
305:had commissioned artist
101:April 11, 1958
66:37.778951°N 122.417502°W
1601:San Francisco Chronicle
1575:San Francisco Chronicle
1523:San Francisco Chronicle
1398:San Francisco Chronicle
1372:San Francisco Chronicle
1345:San Francisco Chronicle
1320:San Francisco Chronicle
1294:San Francisco Chronicle
1206:San Francisco Chronicle
1180:San Francisco Chronicle
959:"ROM goes to the Faire"
909:(subscription required)
777:(subscription required)
748:(subscription required)
619:(subscription required)
607:San Francisco Chronicle
220:Design and construction
147:Civic Center Event Hall
1549:San Francisco Examiner
989:San Francisco Examiner
985:"Grouping in the Dark"
937:San Francisco Examiner
857:"54: Tranquility Base"
764:San Francisco Examiner
71:37.778951; -122.417502
1230:Civic Center Proposal
821:Tone, Andrea (2009).
1423:Organ Clearing House
303:Wallace Laboratories
1621:"Culture Connector"
1347:. September 6, 2015
349:Decline and closure
343:Mother of All Demos
293:Notable exhibitions
276:collaborating with
62: /
1174:(April 12, 1996).
737:. January 20, 1957
735:The New York Times
231:George Christopher
206:Civic Center Plaza
834:978-0-465-08658-0
659:. April 11, 1958.
457:Culture Connector
416:Embarcadero Plaza
334:hosted the first
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766:. April 6, 1958
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1640:External links
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1017:. pp.
190:Brooks Hall
98:Inaugurated
69: /
57:122°25′03″W
44:Coordinates
22:Brooks Hall
1675:Categories
1606:2018-10-03
1580:22 October
1554:22 October
1528:22 October
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711:18 October
686:January 4,
641:January 2,
569:January 2,
536:References
105:1958-04-11
54:37°46′44″N
1627:4 October
612:April 14,
433:released
315:Crisalida
198:Mole Hall
149:Mole Hall
418:and the
336:Macworld
181:UN Plaza
311:Miltown
284:History
267:⁄
243:⁄
183:station
103: (
93:1956–58
1428:6 July
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121:Closed
113:Opened
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368:Zynga
332:Apple
90:Built
82:Owner
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