Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel

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sufficient air. The tunnels would be designed to carry a maximum of 15 million vehicles per year, but it was projected that only nine million would use the tunnels during their first year of operation and that the tunnels would not reach their full capacity for another 16 years. The cost of the project had increased to $ 70 million (equivalent to $ 1.17 billion in 2023), and La Guardia wanted a $ 30-million (equivalent to $ 500 million in 2023) federal grant so construction could start quickly. A toll of $ 0.25 per motorist, collected at the Brooklyn end, would help finance the rest of the tunnel and make it profitable. The tunnel would also halve travel time between southern Brooklyn and Lower Manhattan since, at the time, there was no direct route for traffic between these two areas. This, in turn, was expected to expedite cargo deliveries between these areas, thereby reviving Brooklyn's declining cargo industry. The route between Hamilton Avenue and the West Side Highway was determined to be the cheapest route that could be constructed.

931: 593: 613:(NYCBOT), who was tasked with surveying the site of the tunnel. At the time, the tunnel would have cost $ 75 million (equivalent to $ 1.09 billion in 2023), including land acquisition if it included two three-lane tunnels. The tunnels itself would have cost $ 58 million (equivalent to $ 842 million in 2023) if they were three lanes or $ 50 million (equivalent to $ 726 million in 2023) if two lanes. The next year, NYCBOT announced that the construction the proposed tunnel was estimated to cost $ 60 million (equivalent to $ 968 million in 2023), assuming that the tunnels were 31 feet (9.4 m) in diameter with 21-foot (6.4 m) roadways and a 13.5-foot (4.1 m) clearance. In October 1933, the Board of Estimate approved funding for the tunnel in the city's capital outlay budget for 1934. Two months later, the Board of Estimate approved the Brooklyn–Manhattan tunnel in conjunction with a 873: 648:. The bill also provided the authority with the power to build the Brooklyn–Manhattan tunnel if funds became available. By this time, the construction cost of the Brooklyn–Manhattan tunnel was now projected to be $ 58 million (equivalent to $ 1 billion in 2023). Detailed plans for the tunnel were released in May 1936. The project now consisted of a $ 60.3-million (equivalent to $ 1.04 billion in 2023) twin-tube bore from Red Hook, Brooklyn, to the Battery, Manhattan, as well as a $ 2.3-million (equivalent to $ 39.7 million in 2023) bridge over the Gowanus Canal. The city approved these plans in January 1936. One civic group wanted to plan for future traffic volumes, so it asked the city to conduct further studies of the Brooklyn–Manhattan tunnel project. The tunnel was officially renamed the "Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel" in July 1936. In November of that year, Brooklyn Borough President 1103: 987:

was awarded in December 1940. A contract for the Gowanus Parkway approach to the tunnel and bridge was awarded the next month. In mid-1941, planners realized that Hicks Street, on the Brooklyn side, would also need to be widened so that traffic from the north could enter the tunnel, whose Brooklyn portal faced southeast. By May 1942, the Gowanus Parkway was completed between Hicks Street and the Belt Parkway. The parkway also included a bridge over the Gowanus Canal, a fixed span rising 90 feet (27 m) above the waterway before descending to Hicks Street. Construction on an extension of the highway along Hicks Street did not start until 1946.

817:. There was significant opposition from the public, and so the City Council Committee on State Legislation did not approve the plan. In response, Moses changed the Brooklyn–Battery Bridge plans to include landscaping work at the Battery. La Guardia believed that if this revised plan were passed, Ickes would finally allocate a PWA grant to the bridge project. On March 28, the City Council voted to approve the bridge project, with 19 members in favor and six opposed. Two days later, both chambers of the New York State Legislature passed bills that permitted the construction of the Brooklyn–Battery Bridge, and Governor 1199: 689: 464: 1020:, the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel would be given priority status over other construction projects due to its importance to the Brooklyn economy. However, the Battery Tunnel project was not deemed a high-importance destination for steel, so the tunnel's priority status for the receipt of steel was revoked in February 1942. Although digging work continued, the tunnel could not be finished until after the war. In October 1942, Moses recommended that tunnel work be halted completely to conserve steel and other metals that were needed for the war. At this time, the federal 1024:(WPB) released an order to stop work on the Brooklyn end, although digging from the Manhattan side was allowed to continue because that work consisted solely of digging through solid rock. By the end of the month, the WPB ordered a halt to all construction work on the tunnel's Manhattan end as well. Due to opposition over potentially firing the sandhogs, they were allowed to continue working until a final review of the WPB's action was conducted. At the time, the bores from Manhattan and Brooklyn were in various stages of completion. 453:, is an octagonal building located over the midpoint of the tunnel's route, at its lowest point. According to the MTA, the ventilation buildings can completely replace the tunnel's air every 90 seconds. During construction, tunnel engineers touted the ventilation system as being so efficient that the ventilation towers could blow 25,000 short tons (23,000 t; 22,000 long tons) of clean air into the tunnel every hour. The system consists of 53 fans that each had a diameter of eight feet (2.4 m). 40: 1131:

originally estimated. This was in spite of the fact that traffic speeds were limited to 40 mph (64 km/h), which reduced throughput. The 1,050-spot garage above the tunnel's northern portal opened a little more than a month after the tunnel opened. During the Battery Tunnel's first year of operation, the tunnel grossed nearly $ 5.5 million (equivalent to $ 55.3 million in 2023) in toll revenues, and, according to Caro, exceeded its 15-million-annual-vehicle capacity. Another analysis by the

386:, that island contains a ventilation building for the tunnel. Vehicles over 12 feet 1 inch (3.68 m) and wider than 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) are prohibited from using the tubes. The tubes stretch 9,117 feet (2,779 m) from portal to portal, making them the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnels in North America. At the time of its opening, the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was the longest underwater vehicular tunnel in the US and the second-longest in the world, behind the 1079:. However, the Battery Park Underpass was not expected to be completed until 1952, and the FDR Drive extension would take even longer to be completed. Additionally, although a direct ramp from the Brooklyn-bound tunnel to the northbound Brooklyn–Queens Expressway was planned, construction was being delayed due to the difficulty of evicting tenants within the path of the ramp. Moreover, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge could not be financed, let alone started, until the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was completed. 13251: 13245: 703: 774: 1250:. This combined project was 63 percent complete as of a March 2018 MTA report. In 2017–2018, the tiled walls in the Queens–Midtown and Brooklyn–Battery tunnels were replaced due to damage suffered during Hurricane Sandy. The retiled white walls have gold-and-blue stripes, representing the official state colors of New York. Controversy arose over the cost of retiling the tunnels, which cost a combined $ 30 million (equivalent to $ 35.9 million in 2023), because of the 579: 2400: 2282: 2095: 1710: 1614: 632:(PWA). This authority was set to receive $ 60 million (equivalent to $ 1.05 billion in 2023) in funds for the Brooklyn–Manhattan tunnel. The same month, city officials hired temporary workers to survey sites for the proposed tunnel so that they could create a report for the PWA application. Civic groups and Brooklyn politicians petitioned the city to commence construction immediately so traffic congestion could be reduced. However, President 128: 1153:(HOV lane) was later added during the morning rush hours. It led from Staten Island to Manhattan via the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the Gowanus Expressway, and the Battery Tunnel. A large volume of tunnel drivers also used the garage on the Manhattan side, so, in 1965, plans were made to expand the garage. The expanded garage, which was completed in 1968, had 2,126 spots. The city also built a new 278-spot garage nearby for short-term parking. 884:

Guardia was arranging to obtain financing for the tunnel, even if it had to come from private sources. After a meeting with La Guardia, RFC chair Jones announced that there were no obstacles to granting a $ 70-million (equivalent to $ 1.2 billion in 2023) loan toward the tunnel project. The city was expecting to start construction once the loan was received. The tunnel plans were completed and sent to federal agencies for approval that month.

2388: 13289: 13262: 2175: 2070: 1195:, some 30 blocks north of the tunnel portal, and part of the highway had been destroyed during the attacks. Consequently, officials feared that traffic in the tunnel would be backed up at least 40 blocks if the highway was reopened. As a result, work started on a temporary roadway leading from the highway to the tunnel. The northbound tube, which reopened in March 2002, was the last crossing into Manhattan to reopen. 2376: 790:

stated that a bridge would cause as much congestion as a tunnel would, so he did not favor the bridge plan. The Tunnel Authority also opposed the Brooklyn–Battery Bridge because a bridge would lower property values. In response, Moses predicted that the Tunnel Authority's Queens–Midtown Tunnel would not be profitable and that the Tunnel Authority should organize its existing affairs before deciding to build a new tunnel.

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February 1948, the RFC agreed to extend another $ 28 million (equivalent to $ 284 million in 2023) toward the completion of the tunnel. By mid-1948, the tunnel was 70 percent complete, despite material shortages and cost overruns, and was expected to open to traffic in early 1950. Work on the tunnel progressed, and the tunnel was 94 percent complete by late 1949. A reporter for the

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Avenue, Brooklyn. At the time, ferry service along that path was slow and unreliable. Real-estate speculators believed that land prices along Hamilton Avenue would appreciate as a result of the tunnel's construction and that freight shipments could be delivered to Manhattan faster. The tunnel proposal also entailed widening Hamilton Avenue to 200 feet (61 m) and building a large bridge over the

2083: 1048:, who designed the remainder of the tunnel. The WPB approved the resumption of tunnel work in September of that year. The TBTA advertised for bids to construct the Brooklyn toll plaza in May 1946. Because of objections to the proposed Manhattan ventilation building's design, the TBTA changed the plans so that the tower would look like a granite monument rather than a simple ventilation tower. 3594:"CITY MOVES TO BUILD TUNNEL TO BROOKLYN; Refers Plan for a Vehicular Tube From Battery to Transit Experts for Study. COST PUT AT $ 75,000,000 Three-Lane Project Would Serve an Area in Which 8,500,000 Live, One Backer Asserts, PLEA BY BUSINESS MEN Mayor Favors Action, but Anger IsStirred by Civic Worker's Seeking War Department Opinion. Holds Project Important. Sends Plan to Transit Experts" 888:

another hearing, and the Army was expected to uphold the permit. In May, La Guardia signed a preliminary contract to start construction. Moses stated that he wanted to complete the tunnel, a crucial link in the Circumferential Parkway System, as soon as possible. The RFC granted the city $ 57 million (equivalent to $ 971 million in 2023) for the tunnel project later that month.

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through from one side to another. The pipe was then removed, and the openings covered up, to prevent drastic changes in pressure at either end of the tube. The tunnels from Manhattan and Brooklyn had connected at a point under Governors Island, with an error of 0.375 inches (0.95 cm), and work continued until there was enough assurances that the tunnels had equal pressure readings.

1868: 2269: 2181: 2076: 1883: 1705: 1686: 134: 1055:, the TBTA fixed the leaks by using a design almost identical to Singstad's original. Singstad later claimed that Smillie had caused "excessive" leakage by not using Singstad's experimental caulking design to prevent leaks. Smillie denied that the leakage was excessive and that Singstad's caulking method had been replaced because that method was actually the cause of the leak. 1191:. Although many major crossings within the city were also closed following the attacks, they reopened relatively quickly, albeit with HOV restrictions during rush hours. The western tube of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was the first part of the tunnel to reopen, in October 2001, and carried only southbound traffic. However, the West Side Highway was closed to traffic south of 797:. In early March 1939, the New York City Planning Commission endorsed plans for the Battery Bridge, and a bill for the bridge was moved to a vote in the state legislature. The bill was proposed for a vote in the City Council, but this was blocked due to concerns that the bridge's connection to the East River Drive would not be able to accommodate future traffic volumes. The 13295: 13268: 963:' union, which claimed that its members were entitled to work on the project because the sandhogs specialized in building tunnels. This disagreement turned into a violent protest and multiday strike in February 1941. The next year, some union sandhog workers were banned from working on the Battery Tunnel project due to a disagreement with their union's parent union. 13192: 765:

there were "tremendous financial and practical obstacles" for any further PWA involvement. These impediments included a lack of money because, although the PWA had given the city an appropriation for the Belt Parkway, the money had been used up. Due to the PWA's refusal to grant a loan for the Battery Tunnel's construction, the project was temporarily put on hold.

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judge to grant an injunction to prevent demolition. Even though Moses initially had the injunction dismissed, the federal government later designated the castle a US historic monument, which prohibited him from demolishing the castle. The tunnel project would also require demolishing two acres (0.81 ha) of the Battery in order to build a

4469:"NEW ROAD SYSTEM FOR CITY PROPOSED; Regional Plan Group Presents Long-Range Program for Vast Highway Network GOES TO CITY COMMISSION Parks, Suburban Rapid Tran sit Facilities and Railroads Included in Suggestions Highway System Predominates East Side Express Route Planned Projects for Early Action PROPOSAL TO FACILITATE TRAFFIC IN CITY" 1140:

which led from the southbound tunnel lanes to the northbound Brooklyn–Queens Expressway. The Battery Park Underpass was connected to the FDR Drive elevated viaduct, and thus to the FDR Drive, in May 1954. The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel project also entailed the restoration of Battery Park, which reopened in 1952 after a 12-year shutdown.

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It was expensive enough that the TBTA had been forced to look around the world for a company that could cover the tunnel's $ 33.5-million (equivalent to $ 337 million in 2023) insurance policy. However, the cost was expected to be counterbalanced, in part, through the $ 0.35 tolls and the time savings afforded. Truckers at

460:. When the garage opened in 1950, it had 1,050 spaces across seven levels, which were constructed at a cost of $ 3.5 million (equivalent to $ 35.2 million in 2023). The parking facility was expanded in 1965–1968 due to its popularity among motorists. The garage was the city's first publicly owned parking lot. 986:

In August 1940, the city filed plans for two drawbridges across the Gowanus Canal as part of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel approach project. The US Army officially approved plans for the Gowanus Canal bridge in October, just before the tunnel was set to begin construction. The Gowanus bridge's contract

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Moses continued to support the bridge, praising it as less intrusive and cheaper than a tunnel, despite great public opposition to a bridge. In October, in a last effort to garner official acceptance for the Battery Bridge plan, Moses and La Guardia appealed directly to President Roosevelt to form an

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are planned to be collected via E-ZPass and tolls-by-mail. The charges are planned to vary based on time of day and vehicle class, but the congestion toll is expected to be charged once per day. Drivers who use the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to enter the congestion zone will receive a credit toward the

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also estimated that the tunnel cost $ 736 per inch ($ 290/cm) (equivalent to $ 7,394 per inch ($ 2,911/cm) in 2023) that was built. With a cost of $ 80 million (equivalent to $ 804 million in 2023), the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was also dubbed the most expensive tunnel in the United States.

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The tunnel-boring project consisted of digging two separate bores from each end. Bids for digging the tunnel's shafts from the Brooklyn side were advertised and let the same month. Contracts for boring the tunnels from the Manhattan side were opened in May 1941. The Manhattan contract was awarded to

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on the southern shore of Brooklyn. To expedite construction of the tunnel, the city closed the Great New York Aquarium and moved its fish to other aquariums in September 1941. Moses advocated for the demolition of Castle Clinton, but preservationists who opposed Moses's proposed action asked federal

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Some road infrastructure projects at both ends of the tunnel were completed shortly after the tunnel opened. The first associated project to be completed was the Battery Park Underpass on the Manhattan side, which opened in April 1950. Two months later, officials opened a ramp on the Brooklyn side,

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Due to extra costs caused by delays and striking sandhogs, the authority petitioned the RFC for $ 14 million (equivalent to $ 150 million in 2023) in funds in August 1947, and, in December of the same year, asked for another $ 2 million (equivalent to $ 21.4 million in 2023). In

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was under construction, providing a connector to the tunnel from the north. Although it was substantially complete by December 1948, the expressway could not open until the tunnel was complete. On the Manhattan side, the southernmost section of the West Side Elevated Highway, which connected to the

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was ultimately pushed back to October 28. At the ceremony, Roosevelt extolled the benefits of a tunnel as opposed to a bridge, while Mayor La Guardia invited the president to return for the opening ceremony in four years. Three days later, the city approved a motion to widen Hamilton Avenue from 80

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The New York City Tunnel Authority announced in March 1940 that it would start construction within 40 days. Preliminary construction and land acquisition for the Brooklyn approach was already underway. The Army had already approved the tunnel but, due to a minor change in the plan, had to hold

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In July 1939, after the bridge plan was canceled, the proposal for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was revisited. Around this time, Roosevelt's administration was considering loosening PWA requirements and lowering interest rates so that the Battery Tunnel could qualify for these funds. By November, La

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was located shoreward of the proposed bridge. In response, Moses submitted a revised plan for the bridge and asked the Department of War to reconsider. Moses and Brooklyn politicians declared that they would not accept anything other than an endorsement of the second plan. However, in July, the War

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objected to the tunnel plan because he thought the proposal would not be able to adequately handle traffic on the Manhattan side. In response, Parks Commissioner Moses asked Isaacs to think of a better idea to deal with the traffic. Ickes later rejected the city's request for PWA funds, saying that

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The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel has a total of four ventilation buildings: two in Manhattan, one in Brooklyn, and one on Governors Island. One of the Manhattan ventilation buildings is granite-faced and designed like a monument due to objections to the building's design during the construction process.

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demonstrated how floodprone the tunnel was since the sea level around the tunnel had risen nine inches (23 cm) since its opening in 1951, and the portals were located on very low land to begin with. The MTA subsequently began testing inflatable dams at the tunnel's portals. In October 2017, a

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would be extended from the north, connecting to the new tunnel. There would be a ventilation tower at the midpoint on Governors Island because the tunnels would stretch 8,800 feet (2,700 m) between the two portals, and it was thought that the ventilation towers at either end might not pull in

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users with transponders issued by the New York E‑ZPass Customer Service Center pay $ 6.94 per car or $ 3.02 per motorcycle. Mid-Tier NYCSC E-Z Pass users pay $ 8.36 per car or $ 3.57 per motorcycle. All E-ZPass users with transponders not issued by the New York E-ZPass CSC will be required to pay

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for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel construction effort. The federal government gave its permission the next month. During the war, the tunnel shafts had flooded, so they had to be drained first before construction could continue. In mid-1945, after the war ended, the Triborough Bridge Authority was

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to convince them to help fund the tunnel because the project could now be completed within a year. The city government then published a new financial plan in September 1938, wherein the cost of the tunnel would increase to $ 77.3 million (equivalent to $ 1.31 billion in 2023). The city

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In 1957, workers performing maintenance on the tunnel observed that the tiled ceiling in the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was leaking. About 10,000 sq ft (930 m) of the 360,000 sq ft (33,000 m) of ceiling was found to have corroded. The TBTA restored the tubes' ceilings

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Within the first five and a half hours of its opening, 10,563 motorists had paid a toll to use the tunnel. Within the first day, 40,000 motorists used the tunnel, and, at that rate, it was estimated that the tunnel might see 14 million vehicles per year, 40 percent more than

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After the tunnel was holed through, the TBTA awarded contracts for the construction of the Governors Island ventilation building. Construction on this ventilation building started in January 1949. The plans for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel also included a seven-story parking garage alongside the

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span with two back-to-back suspension bridges, and it could be built in 27 months, compared to 46 months for a tunnel. One of the other benefits, in Moses's opinion, was that the $ 41-million (equivalent to $ 705 million in 2023) bridge would not require any federal money. Isaacs

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Plans for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel date back to the 1920s. Official plans to build the tunnel were submitted in 1930 but were initially not carried out. The New York City Tunnel Authority, created in 1936, was tasked with constructing the tunnel. After unsuccessful attempts to secure federal

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If fully completed, I-478 would have run along the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and West Side Highway, completing the portion of the Interstate Highway System within New York City. However, the Westway project was officially abandoned in 1985 after a series of lawsuits from environmental advocates.

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Workers from both sides continued working on the tunnel, mining caverns until the tubes from each side connected with each other. In July 1947, the eastern tube for future northbound traffic was the first to be holed-through, with workers from each side shaking hands as a small pipe was passed

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in 1926. However, this plan initially did not receive support. Albert Goldman, the New York City Commissioner of Plant and Structures, brought up the plan again in January 1929. In February 1930, the city publicized plans for a six-lane vehicular tunnel from West Street, Manhattan, to Hamilton

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installations with a total of 5,776 bulbs. At the time, it comprised the world's largest continuous fluorescent installation in the world and was the first crossing in the city to have fluorescent lights. The strips of clay tiles on the tubes' ceilings were advertised as the US's longest

5578:"BRIDGE AT BATTERY WINS IN COUNCIL; VICTORY FOR MOSES; Way Cleared for Adoption of Albany Bills as Park Head Looks On With Smile ONLY 6 MEMBERS OPPOSED Cashmore Quits His Sickbed to Vote for Plan--Relief Fund Plea Blocked by Baldwin Cashmore Leaves Sickbed BRIDGE AT BATTERY WINS IN COUNCIL" 742:

The Tunnel Authority suggested that federal funding could be used to pay for the tunnel and that private financing could also be provided if it was needed. In June 1938, the city requested a $ 70.9-million (equivalent to $ 1.2 billion in 2023) PWA grant for the construction of the

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Battery and the future tunnel, opened in November 1948. An extension of the East River Drive (by now renamed the FDR Drive) to the future Battery Park Underpass and Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was approved in 1949. Eventually, the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was also slated to connect to the

892:, the chief engineer of the New York City Tunnel Authority, was commissioned to design the tunnel. As a cost-saving measure, the Tunnel Authority briefly considered constructing the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel by digging a trench under the East River and then covering it up. 8654:"TUNNEL AUTHORITY BEING REORGANIZED; Shortridge Displaced as the General Manager, Singstad Dropped as Chief Engineer MOSES HEADS THE AGENCY Initial Steps Announced in the Consolidation With Triborough Bridge Authority Here McLaughlin in Tunnel Post La Guardia Not in Accord" 990:

A new plan for the Manhattan approaches was released in mid-1941. This plan, which would reduce traffic congestion, consisted of extending the West Side Elevated Highway south to the Battery with a ramp from the southbound highway leading directly into the tunnel. The

5125:"BRIDGE AT BATTERY PROPOSED BY MOSES; Tandem Spans to Brooklyn Can Be Built for Half the Cost of Tunnel, He Finds NO FEDERAL LOAN NEEDED Letter to La Guardia Points to Easier Financing and Greater Speed in Construction Eight Reasons Are Listed New Idea, Says Official" 636:

had stipulated that PWA funding only be given to projects that could be finished within a year of the grant being awarded. Since the Brooklyn–Manhattan tunnel project would take longer, it and other New York City highway projects were ineligible for PWA funding.

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The segments of I-78 and its auxiliaries in New York City and Nassau County that were built (black), canceled segments (dark red), and segments that were canceled with multiple different proposed routings (light red, of which all in Manhattan were proposals for

6445:"FUNDS ARE SOUGHT TO FINANCE TUNNEL; Possibility of Getting Cash for Brooklyn-Battery Tube to Be Taken Up in Few Days NO CITY MONEY AVAILABLE La Guardia Defends Recent Improvements--Asks Parents to Fight for School Aid Belt Parkway Praised Literacy Not Enough" 844:

Department also rejected the second plan, since the new plan would also pose a wartime hazard. Advocates for the bridge called the rejection a "setback to business". They also discounted the decision as hypocritical since numerous other bridges (including the

8462:"BATTERY TUNNEL IS HALTED BY WPB; PROTEST BY CITY; Authority Appeals, Declaring Work Could Go On 18 Months With No New Materials MAYOR WANTS JOBS SAVED 'Assumes' No Vengeance Is Behind Order to Conserve Critical War Supplies BATTERY TUNNEL IS HALTED BY WPB" 3632:"PROPOSES TUNNEL UNDER UPPER BAY; Goldman Wants a Vehicular Tube From Battery to Hamilton Avenue, Brooklyn.TO RELIEVE THE WEST SIDEPuts Cost of Bore, 2 Miles Long, at$ 50,000,000--Submits Planto McLaughlin. Would Ease Tube Traffic. McLaughlin to Study Plan" 4857:"$ 70,850,000 ASKED FOR RED HOOK TUBE; City's Plea for Loan and Grant Presented to PWA for Linking Battery to Brooklyn 48TH PROJECT URGED HERE Total Cost of Municipal Public Works Program Rises to $ 201,172,814 45% Asked as Grant First Application in 1937" 1135:

found that 13.86 million vehicles had used the tunnel in its first year; this was lower than Caro's estimate but higher than both the TBTA's initial estimate of 10 million vehicles per year and expert forecasts of eight million annual vehicles.

4283:"BAY TUNNEL PLANS PROVIDE TWIN-TUBE; Transportation Board Offers to City Its Project to Link Battery and Brooklyn. COST PUT AT $ 60,309,000 $ 2,300,000 Gowanus Canal Bridge Urged -- Report Says Improvement Will Pay. BAY TUNNEL PLANS PROVIDE TWIN-TUBE" 4971:"ISAACS CRITICIZES BATTERY TUBE PLAN; Will Oppose Brooklyn Tunnel Unless Funds Are Provided for Traffic Exits DISAGREES WITH MAYOR Burden on Downtown Streets Would Be Too Great, He Warns Authority Stand Clashes With Mayor's Eastward Traffic Problem" 1148:

The tubes were designed for two lanes in each direction. This was changed in 1956, when the Brooklyn-bound western tube was changed to handle bidirectional traffic during morning rush hours, owing to heavy rush-hour traffic congestion. A northbound

6103:"BATTERY BRIDGE REJECTED BY WOODRING AS WAR PERIL; MAYOR REVIVES TUBE PLAN; NAVY YARD DANGER Army Head Says It Would Be Cut Off by Wrecking of SpanMOSES IS NOT SURPRISEDSees 'Sabotaging' of Protect inWashington--La Guardiato Work for Tunnel" 1063:

Manhattan portal, which broke ground in August 1948. The garage was slated to be the first publicly owned parking complex in the city, and so the city government proposed offering lower parking rates compared to privately-owned garages.

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was initially considered. This was ultimately dropped from the final plan due to a state law that prohibited the conversion of the Henry Hudson Parkway to an Interstate Highway. The project was approved by the US government in 1977.

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pair of 25-short-ton (23 t; 22-long-ton) floodgates were installed on the Manhattan-side openings of the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel. The Manhattan floodgates were supposed to be accompanied by a pair on the Brooklyn side, as well as a

4021:"$ 92,669,000 WORKS APPROVED BY CITY; Board Sanctions Narrows and Manhattan-Brooklyn Tubes and Water Tunnel. FEDERAL AID IS SOUGHT Protests by Controller and Engineer Ignored in Action on Program. $ 92,669,000 WORKS APPROVED BY CITY" 4207:"AUTHORITY IS SET UP TO BUILD 2 TUNNELS; Legislature Quickly Passes Bill to Meet PWA Demands for 38th St.-Queens Project. BROOKLYN TUBE INCLUDED Battery-Hamilton Av. Plan Is Backed by Taylor – Speedy Approval by Lehman Likely" 3096:"AWARDS ARE MADE BY TUNNEL BOARD; McKim, Mead & White Win First Prize of $ 2,000 for Design for Ventilating Building IT WILL BE IN MID-RIVER 57 Architects or Firms Took Part in Contest Over Unit of Battery Vehicular Tube" 1172:. Although the project was canceled in 1985, the I-478 designation still exists and is contiguous with the entirety of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. However, I-478 is not posted on any public signage. Under an agreement with 999:

piers on the West Side would not be interrupted by tunnel traffic. However, this was not the case for traffic from Brooklyn, which would have to go through a traffic light before accessing the ramp for the elevated highway.

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The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel's groundbreaking ceremony was supposed to be held on October 8, 1940, with President Roosevelt in attendance. At the time, the president was in the final weeks of his reelection campaign for the

10499: 9806:"UNDERPASS LINKED TO EAST SIDE DRIVE; Ceremony at Battery End of Elevated Highway Officially Completes Peripheral Road MAYOR LAUDS ENGINEERS Borough President Speaks at Gathering of 2,000 at South Street and Coenties Slip" 3983:"ROCKAWAY SUBWAY APPROVED BY CITY; Long Island Road's Route Held Best of 3 Proposed -- Buying of Line Up to LaGuardia. COST PUT AT $ 34,114,000 Estimate Board Also Passes on Site of Staten Island Tube and Brooklyn Tunnel" 3868:"BATTERY TUBE COST PUT AT $ 60,000,000; Land for Approaches Is Not Figured in Estimate of Board of Transportation. LOCATION IS SUGGESTED Portals at Morris St., Manhattan, and Columbia St., Brooklyn, Proposed After Study" 8577:"CITY TUNNEL WORK AWAITS WPB MOVE; Making of Bolts Called Key to Resumption on $ 87,000,000 Brooklyn-Battery Tubes MANPOWER ALSO FACTOR But Local Agency Says It Can Be Ready in Three Months to Finish Job in Three Years" 5990:"ARMY BARS PLANS FOR BATTERY SPAN; REVISION IS READY; Finds Present Proposal for Bridge to Brooklyn Would Bring Navigation Perils BUT WAY IS LEFT OPEN Mayor and Moses Are Confident Modified Program Will Meet Objections" 5388:"BRIDGE PLAN VOTE BLOCKED BY QUILL; He Objects to Mayor's Plea to Council to Act at Once on Battery-to-Brooklyn Span CITIZENS GROUP FOR DELAY Planning Board Will Meet Today on Questions Raised Over Manhattan Approaches" 9844:"CITY WILL DEDICATE NEW BATTERY PARK; Reopens Its Earliest Historic Site Tomorrow, Restoring Landmark of 4 Centuries AREA WORTH $ 74,000,000 Its Place in Life of People Will Be Hailed by Mayor in Ceremony Led by Moses" 5845:"17 GROUPS TO UNITE IN FIGHT ON BRIDGE; Civic and Realty Officials Form Committee to Oppose Battery Span at Army Hearing PROGRAM BEING PREPARED Many Chances Still Open to Block Moses Project, Heads of Campaign Declare" 2014:

Although the I-478 designation was formally withdrawn from all public signage and plans, the route number still applies to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, albeit as an unsigned highway that is not marked on public signs.

9314:"RFC GRANTS LOAN TO FINISH TUNNEL; $ 24,000,000 to Be in Addition to $ 57,000,000 Lent Earlier for the Battery Project REFINANCING IS INVOLVED Money for Parking Garage Provided -- Offer Now Being Studied by Authority" 5540:"MAYOR SURE ICKES WILL BACK BRIDGE; He Is Confident Administrator Will Approve Brooklyn-to Battery Span if Passed CITES COOPERATIVE SPIRIT PWA Head Is Opposed to Link as Competition for the New Queens-Midtown Tunnel" 4933:"NEW PLAN IS SET UP FOR BATTERY TUBE; City Seeks $ 45,852,500 Loan Prom RFC and Will Ask PWA for $ 19,882,500 Less TOTAL COST UP $ 6,885,000 Revised Plan Submitted by the Mayor Includes Raising $ 19,882,500 on Bonds" 3670:"BATTERY TUBE ROUTE TO BROOKLYN FILED; Cost of Six-Lane Vehicular Tunnel From West St. Is Put at $ 58,300,000. CONGESTED AREAS AVOIDED Designs Submitted to Mayor Call for Elevators to Handle Governors Island Traffic" 9208:"NARROWS CROSSING SEEN 4 YEARS AWAY; Financing of Bridge to Wait Until Finish of the Battery Tunnel, Set for 1950 BOND ISSUE IS PLANNED 6,540 – Foot Span Connecting Staten Island and Brooklyn Will Cost $ 78,000,000" 7788:"GOWANUS CANAL TO GET NEW BRIDGE; Triborough Authority Files Plans for Twin Single-Leaf Bascule at Hamilton Ave. PROVIDES DIVIDED ROADS Represents Change in Link to Belt Parkway, as High Level Span Was Contemplated" 7294:"2 POLICEMEN HURT IN SANDHOG FIGHTS; 9 Pickets Arrested in Day of Strife at Battery End of Brooklyn Tunnel Job AREA IS HEAVILY GUARDED Jurisdictional Dispute Leads to Attacks on Men Leaving Work -- One Is Sentenced" 1284:

are located on the Manhattan side. A vehicle without E-ZPass has a picture taken of its license plate and a bill for the toll is mailed to its owner. For E-ZPass users, sensors detect their transponders wirelessly.

7598:"MOSES WINS FIGHT TO RAZE AQUARIUM; Court of Appeals Has Denied Injunction Sought by Civic Groups Opposing Him ACTION WAS BEGUN IN 1941 Contest Was Marked by Fierce Exchange Between Park Chief and Pierce T. Wetter" 4359:"NEW STUDY ADVISED ON BATTERY TUNNEL; Merchants Association Urges More Careful Consideration of Bore to Brooklyn. LISTS FACTORS INVOLVED Authority Is Asked to Consider Alternative Crossing Plans and Traffic Trends" 5239:"MOSES TAKES FLING AT QUEENS TUNNEL; Predicts Financial Straits for It Soon, in New Attack on Battery Tube Plan REPLIES TO BRIDGE CRITICS No Danger to Realty Values, He Says--Friedman Scoffs at Arguments on Costs" 4321:"BROOKLYN TUNNEL APPROVED BY CITY; Estimate Board Accepts Plans for Tube From Battery and for Gowanus Bridge. COST PUT AT $ 60,309,000 5,900-Foot Length to Exceed That of Holland Project -- Immediate Action Asked" 11026:"Tolls Are Raised For Two Tunnels And Six Bridges; Will Affect Four Boroughs --Some Trips to Cost $ 1 Expected to Yield $ 33 Million Verrazano-Narrows Is Exempt M.T.A. Increases Tolls for 2 Tunnels and 6 Bridges" 6705:"MOSES WILL PRESS TUNNEL LINK WORK; Going Ahead With Plan Despite Lack of Final Approval of Brooklyn Project CALLS HIGHWAY ESSENTIAL $ 4,000,000 Worth of Land Obtained by Bridge Authority for Wider Right of Way" 5691:"BATTERY SPAN BILL SIGNED BY LEHMAN; Governor Gives No Opinion on Merits of Plan, Saying He Is Just Acting on Request ARMY IS THE NEXT HURDLE It Must Approve Moses Plan -Curb on Advertising on Bridges Now a Law" 3561:"STREET CONGESTION COSTLY TO THE CITY; Wholesale Markets Driven to New Jersey by Unfavorable Traffic Conditions. TRUCKING COSTS ARE HIGH Regional Plan Predicts Further Movement From City When Tunnel Is Finished" 6253:"MOSES CONTINUES FIGHT ON TUNNEL; Gives Engineer's Views to Show Tube Would Mar Battery Park More Than Bridge OFFERS COST ESTIMATES Span Is Figured at $ 44,000,000, Compared with $ 89,000,000 for Rival Project" 1981:, a narrow and dangerously obsolete structure on Manhattan's west side. By mid-1971, the I-478 designation had been moved over to the Westway project. As originally planned, I-478 would have continued north to 10719: 7108:"PRESIDENT BREAKS GROUND FOR TUNNEL; Invited by Mayor to Return to the City in His 'Official Capacity' in 1944 HOPES HE 'CAN' ACCEPT Says Defense Reasons Rules Out Bridge--Predicts Project Will Pay for Itself" 6407:"PLANS FOR TUNNEL AT BATTERY RUSHED; Agencies Move to Ask Funds as Soon as Federal Lending Facilities Are Ready LEGAL PROBLEM STUDIED Effect of Rejection of Bridge an Authority Questioned-- Highways Discussed" 6028:"CONTRACT IS DRAWN FOR BATTERY SPAN; Board Fixes Public Hearing for June 8 on Proposed Compact if Army Approves Bridge ITS TERMS ARE GENERAL Delegates Powers to Moses Body--Isaacs Sees Park Neglected in Plans" 5769:"MOSES EXPEDITES PLANS FOR BRIDGE; Moves to Get War Department's Consent to Build Span From Battery to Brooklyn ALREADY SEEKS FINANCING Hopes for Completion by July 1, 1941--Isaacs Continues to Oppose Project" 5314:"BRIDGE AT BATTERY FAVORED BY BOARD; Planning Commission Backs Mayor and Moses on Span, Overriding Foes Past Efforts Reviewed BRIDGE AT BATTERY FAVORED BY BOARD No Naval Objection Seen Objections Are Conceded" 7522:"AQUARIUM DOOMED BY ESTIMATE BOARD; Moses Scoffs at Proposal to Restore Old Fort, Saying It 'Never Fired a Shot' MANY PLEAD FOR SAVING IT But the Vote Is 11 to 5 for Demolition to Make Way for Battery Tunnel" 5009:"MOSES DISPUTES ISAACS ON TUNNEL; Challenges Borough Official to Solve Traffic Problem of Battery-Brooklyn Tube ASKS STRESS ON FINANCE Replying to Critic of Project, He Declares Concern Over Exits Is Not New" 5201:"FLAWS SEEN IN IDEA FOR BATTERY BRIDGE; Tunnel Authority Says Span Would Cut Property Values and Slow Harbor Craft SITE HELD NOT NATURAL No High Banks for Logical Approaches--Board Would Wait for Tube Funds" 394:

in the UK. The portals of each tube contain flood doors weighing 20 short tons (18 long tons; 18 t) and measuring 2 feet (0.61 m) thick, 14 feet (4.3 m) across, and 29 feet (8.8 m) tall.

8388:"MOSES ASKS HALT ON TUNNEL WORK; Would Suspend Construction of Brooklyn-Battery Tube to Save Strategic Metals 28,000 TONS ARE INVOLVED Park Commissioner Says Job Will Take Four Years and Cannot Help in War" 8052:"APPROACH PLANS FOR TUBE READY; West Side Highway Extension and Underpass in Battery Park to Speed Traffic EAST RIVER DRIVE LINKED Minimum Interference With Trucks Serving West Street Piers Held Essential" 7408:"BATTERY AQUARIUM TO BE DEMOLISHED; Doomed by Brooklyn Tunnel, It Will Be Replaced by a Modern One in Bronx COST PUT AT $ 2,000,000 Modern Exhibition Technique to Be Utilized to Mirror Nature, Osborn Says" 4507:"FIRST BIDS DEC. 1 ON BATTERY TUBE; Tunnel Authority to Ask for Estimates on Borings to Fix Route to Brooklyn. PARK WON'T BE DISTURBED Architects Plan a Ventilation Building to Harmonize With Surroundings" 10598: 10311: 9936: 7220:"CARPENTERS PASS PICKETS AT TUNNEL; 10 Resume Jobs at BrooklynBattery Project DespiteOpposition of SandhogsA.F.L. RULING IS DEFIEDUnderground Workers InsistThey Have Right to AllPreliminary Construction" 5502:"CHANGES PLANNED FOR BATTERY PARK; Moses Gives Proposals for Reconstruction of Area to Fit In With a Bridge 2-LEVEL BAY PROMENADE Road Links and Land Additions Listed--No Provision for Elevated Terminal" 5163:"ISAACS SEES SNAG IN BATTERY BRIDGE; He Asserts Span to Brooklyn, Like Tunnel, Would Create New Traffic Problem STREETS ALREADY JAMMED Downtown Outlets Needed, He Says--Moses Plan Praised by McGoldrick" 3165:"FUME-FREE TUNNEL AIM OF ENGINEERS; 25,000 Tons of Air an Hour to Be Blown Into Brooklyn-Battery Passageway SAFETY FACTOR STRESSED 9,117-Foot Tube Will Be as Devoid of Poisons as 42d Street, 5th Avenue" 7674:"NEW MOSES PLAN DOOMS AQUARIUM; He Also Would Take 2 More Acres From Sea for Battery Park as Tube Is Built MAYOR SEEMS TO AGREE Asks Department Heads to Study Details -- Disguised Air Shafts Suggested" 1089:

made an unsanctioned drive between the two ends of the tunnel, noting that tiles, lighting, and a road surface had yet to be added, although the bores themselves were complete. The tubes included four

11958: 11749: 832:

criticized the proposed bridge as an act of "vandalism" toward the city's public parks. Opponents claimed that the bridge would block naval traffic, a suggestion that La Guardia and Moses refuted.

2619: 11935: 6593:"PLANS COMPLETED FOR BROOKLYN TUBE; Sent to Washington at Once for Federal Approval, the Mayor Reveals READY TO START QUICKLY Work Can Begin 21 Days After U.S. Sanctions the Project, He Declares" 12347: 9673: 9253: 8853: 8181: 8105: 8029: 7651: 7423: 7347: 7235: 6682: 6118: 5822: 5593: 5178: 5140: 5062: 3957: 3647: 3431: 3111: 10043: 8699: 8365: 7877: 7765: 7689: 6534: 6460: 6384: 6268: 5329: 4260: 4074: 3998: 3609: 2971: 2699: 2663: 11033: 9859: 9747: 9631: 8477: 6043: 5631: 5254: 4948: 4336: 4222: 3472: 995:

would be built between the West Side Highway and the FDR Drive. As a result, the approaches to the tunnel would only need to connect to the west side of the Battery, and traffic accessing the

785:) proposed the Brooklyn–Battery Bridge. He stated that constructing a bridge would be cheaper, faster, and more efficient than building a tunnel. The bridge would consist of a six-lane tandem 9001: 7803: 7499: 7461: 7123: 6608: 6422: 6005: 5898: 5860: 5216: 4683: 4601: 4298: 3809: 3568: 3180: 12386: 9368: 9154: 7955: 7916: 7575: 7309: 7049: 6720: 6306: 5706: 5555: 4986: 4374: 4148: 2938: 2823: 10839: 9821: 9407: 9329: 9215: 9078: 9040: 8669: 8592: 8515: 7385: 6824: 5967: 5403: 5024: 4872: 4484: 3685: 2766: 1127:, located south of the tunnel's portal, predicted that they would save 35 minutes a day and $ 1 million (equivalent to $ 10 million in 2023) a year by driving through the tunnel. 9185: 8963: 8219: 8067: 7613: 7537: 7011: 6862: 5936: 5784: 5441: 8403: 4522: 3883: 1257:

On September 28, 2023, an 18-wheel tractor entered the Brooklyn-bound tunnel, traveling the wrong way to Manhattan, and got stuck inside the tunnel, backing up traffic for several hours.

1004:

Mason Hangar in October of the same year. A contest for designing the Governors Island ventilation building was also held, and the contract was ultimately given to the architectural firm

7727: 6996:"President to Break Ground Oct. 8 For the $ 57,000,000 Battery Tube; Exercises in Brooklyn to Start Work on Link Scheduled for Completion in 1944 With Capacity of 16,000,000 Cars a Year" 6758: 5479: 4910: 4036: 10191: 5517: 9291: 7034:"Roosevelt to Make Political Tour, With 5 Major Speeches, One Here; President to Swing Through Crucial Eastern States in Last Fortnight of Campaign-- Will Address Garden Rally Oct. 28" 983:, and, as a result of the downsizing of the Battery, an architect was hired to study the redesign of the park. This, in turn, led to a public competition for potential park redesigns. 10461: 7197: 856:

independent committee to study the proposal. Moses again revised the plan, adding a ramp to Governors Island so the Army forces could also use the bridge, in a fashion similar to the

715:

Copies of the plans for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel were submitted to La Guardia's mayoral administration in February 1937. Two tunnels, one in each direction, would connect to the

304:, the tunnel does not provide vehicular access to the island. With a length of 9,117 feet (2,779 m), it is the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America. 12073: 10966: 9974: 2797: 10483: 10431: 11167: 3070: 11899: 9178:"Tunnel Authority Asks Army For Narrows Bridge Permit; PROPOSED NARROWS BRIDGE BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND AND BROOKLYN Army Permit for Narrows Bridge Applied for by Tunnel Authority" 11100: 10272: 1066:

The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was slated to be connected with several parkways and highways on either side, which were built in tandem with the tunnel. On the Brooklyn side, the

320:. This prompted city officials to reconsider plans for a tunnel. Construction on the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel started on October 28, 1940, but its completion was delayed due to 12521: 12308: 11783: 10567: 934:"Informal Remarks At The Ceremonies Incident To Ground Breaking For The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel", which was read at the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel's groundbreaking ceremony 11334: 11201: 10537: 11267: 9116: 1210:. The tunnel was officially renamed the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel on October 22, 2012. Less than a week after the tunnel was officially renamed, it was closed in preparation for 12417: 10012: 12150: 10230: 3141: 1595:

congestion charge during the day, and they would pay a discounted toll at night. Drivers who use the tunnel and then remain on the FDR Drive or West Side Highway south of

11537: 9897: 793:

Moses was able to garner support for the bridge from influential city and state politicians, including four of five borough presidents, Mayor La Guardia, and US Senator

11066: 10350: 10711: 10389: 609:

for permission to build and operate a tunnel under the East River. In November of that year, the Board of Estimate referred the Brooklyn–Manhattan tunnel plan to the

3239: 12228: 1008:. The last tunneling project, a contract to dig in either direction from Governors Island until the tubes connected to each other, was advertised in December 1941. 505: 90: 12189: 1810: 10295: 11481: 10689: 10590: 9920: 930: 621:. The city was set to ask for $ 50 million (equivalent to $ 935 million in 2023) in federal funding, but this request was dropped from the final vote. 11660: 3294: 10036:"Seepage Into Battery Tunnel To Cause $ 250,000 Repair Job; Replacement of Ceiling Tiles to Begin in June -- One Tube to Be Closed at a Time During Night Work" 509: 11634: 680:'s proposed parkway system around New York City. The next month, the New York City Tunnel Authority advertised for bids to create test bores for the tunnel. 11861: 10745: 2462: 1954:) and I-278. After the Lower Manhattan Expressway project was canceled in March 1971, the I-478 designation was also briefly proposed for an upgrade of the 11381: 11300: 11133: 1118:

described the Battery Tunnel as "the nation's largest, most modern underwater vehicular tunnel", which took three minutes to traverse from end to end. The

1051:

Moses directed the tunnel be finished with a different method for finishing the tunnel walls. This resulted in leaking, and, according to Moses biographer

11951: 11741: 8143: 2506: 2434: 10898:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

10631: 8737: 4245:"NEW AUTO TUNNELS TO UNITE THE CITY; Great Tubes Under East River to Queens and Under Harbor to Brooklyn Proposed. JERSEY LINK PROGRESSING IN THE TUNNEL" 2833: 2607: 1590:

is indefinitely postponed as of 2024; if congestion pricing is implemented, most drivers who enter Manhattan via the tunnel would pay a second toll. The

497: 11928: 1218:. The Hugh L. Carey Tunnel reopened on November 13 following a cleanup process that included the removal of an estimated 86 million US gallons (330 12514: 12331: 9657: 9237: 8837: 8165: 8089: 8013: 7635: 7407: 7331: 7219: 6666: 6102: 5806: 5577: 5162: 5124: 5046: 3941: 3631: 3415: 3095: 2691: 10035: 9731: 8691: 8349: 7861: 7749: 7673: 6518: 6444: 6368: 6252: 5313: 4244: 4058: 3982: 3593: 2647: 12463: 11822: 11025: 9843: 9615: 8461: 6027: 5615: 5238: 4932: 4320: 4206: 3456: 2963: 1114:. Part of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, along Hicks Street from the Battery Tunnel north to Atlantic Avenue, opened the same day. At the time, the 11892:

Official Description of Highway Touring Routes, Bicycling Touring Routes, Scenic Byways, & Commemorative/Memorial Designations in New York State

8985: 7787: 7483: 7445: 7107: 6592: 6406: 5989: 5882: 5844: 5200: 4667: 4585: 4282: 3793: 3560: 3164: 735:

officers on Governors Island opposed the placement of a ventilation tunnel there. The Tunnel Authority let contracts for borings in April 1938. The

12370: 9658:"World Combed to Get Insurance Of $ 33,500,000 on Brooklyn Tube; WORLD IS COMBED TO INSURE TUNNEL Policy Issued in Fractions Tube's Income Insured" 9352: 9138: 7939: 7900: 7559: 7293: 7033: 6704: 6290: 5690: 5539: 4970: 4358: 4132: 2930: 653: 10999: 10831: 9805: 9391: 9353:"Battery Tunnel Now 70% Complete After Struggle Against Handicaps; Early 1950 Seen as Likely Date for Opening as 2,000 Men Speed Tube to Brooklyn" 9313: 9207: 9062: 9024: 8653: 8576: 8499: 7369: 6816: 5959: 5387: 5008: 4856: 4468: 3669: 2750: 13338: 13333: 11356: 9177: 8947: 8203: 8051: 7597: 7521: 6995: 6846: 5920: 5768: 5425: 1045: 8387: 4506: 3867: 12018: 7711: 6742: 5463: 4894: 4020: 1276:

started on January 4, 2017. The tollbooths were dismantled, and drivers were no longer allowed to pay cash at the tunnel. Instead, cameras and

10183: 5501: 12657: 12507: 11601: 9275: 10453: 7181: 6901: 3211: 760:

instead, and it would also apply for $ 45 million (equivalent to $ 764 million in 2023) from the RFC. Manhattan Borough President

12530: 12057: 11776:"Congestion pricing draft report obtained by CBS New York shows $ 15 toll for most drivers entering Manhattan's Central Business District" 10933: 10656: 10139: 2789: 13040: 12261: 12095: 11886: 10958: 10415: 9958: 3040: 839:, blocked the construction of the bridge due to concerns over the span's potential to become a naval obstruction during a war, since the 756:

would reduce its request from the PWA by $ 19.82 million (equivalent to $ 337 million in 2023) and raise that money by selling

2722: 13035: 12269: 11159: 10113: 3062: 2502: 506:

SIM1, SIM1C, SIM2, SIM3, SIM3C, SIM4, SIM4C, SIM4X, SIM5, SIM6, SIM7, SIM9, SIM10, SIM15, SIM31, SIM32, SIM33, SIM33C, SIM34, and SIM35

11890: 11415: 11234: 10256: 872: 13055: 11092: 948:

to 300 feet (24 to 91 m) to make way for the Brooklyn tunnel approach, as well as awarded a contract for the tunnel's lining to

12292: 11775: 10559: 10525: 2875: 11326: 11193: 940: 852:

bridges, which stood between the proposed bridge and the Navy Yard) would also constitute wartime hazards by the Army's reasoning.

11259: 10918:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

10184:"Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2016" 9100: 974:, at the Battery on the Manhattan side, would need to be demolished to make way for the tunnel. The aquarium considered moving to 12409: 9996: 1831: 12134: 10214: 3133: 13353: 13328: 12450: 11529: 9881: 2294: 1721: 1582: 1242: 1041: 1027:

By September 1944, the war was winding down and Mayor La Guardia was petitioning the US government to allow the manufacture of

782: 403: 12445: 10334: 13104: 12031: 11686: 11058: 10652: 8776: 3538: 3505: 2901: 2615: 2558: 1800: 739:, which held a hearing for public opinions on the tunnel proposal, gave its permission to the tunnel plan in September 1938. 610: 426: 12108: 12101:

Description of Touring Routes in New York State for the Interstate (I), Federal (U.S.) and State (N.Y.) Route Number Systems

10373: 2355: 13318: 11563: 11503: 11437: 10296:"A NATION CHALLENGED: THE TRAFFIC; City Is Reopening Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Outbound, and Some Streets in Lower Manhattan" 1846: 1805: 857: 9779: 9705: 9583: 9547: 9511: 9475: 9439: 8921: 8885: 8811: 8627: 8547: 8435: 8323: 8287: 8251: 7987: 7835: 7267: 7155: 7081: 6966: 6790: 6640: 6566: 6492: 6342: 6226: 6189: 6150: 6076: 5742: 5664: 5361: 5287: 5095: 4830: 4755: 4718: 4640: 4554: 4442: 4406: 4180: 4106: 3915: 3841: 3767: 3720: 3006: 1265:

As of August 6, 2023, drivers pay $ 11.19 per car or $ 4.71 per motorcycle for tolls by mail/non-NYCSC E-Z Pass.

537:

was proposed by the New York Board of Trade and Transportation in 1925 in response to growing truck traffic congestion in

12702: 12212: 4794: 2905: 1587: 1044:(TBTA) to take over the project. Moses, the TBTA head, promptly fired Singstad and replaced him with TBTA Chief Engineer 922:

in Brooklyn. The city ultimately spent $ 4 million (equivalent to $ 68.1 million in 2023) on land acquisition.

406:(TBTA), whose chief engineer Ralph Smillie took over the design process. The "Battery" in the tunnel's name refers to an 12173: 3457:"CUT RATES PLANNED AT BATTERY GARAGE; Ground Is Broken for Building to Park 1,500 Autos -- First in City Publicly Owned" 918:, was razed to create the entrance ramps for the tunnel. Many of the shops and residents of Little Syria later moved to 13343: 13095: 12590: 1815: 748: 11473: 10681: 12894: 12627: 7446:"AQUARIUM WEIGHS CONEY ISLAND SITE; City Considers Erection of New $ 2,000,000 Exhibition Hall Fronting on Boardwalk" 6940: 6519:"U.S. LOAN FORECAST FOR BATTERY TUBE; Jesse Jones Sees No Obstacles to Financing After 2-Hour Parley With La Guardia" 4059:"MAYOR WILL SET UP WORKS AUTHORITY TO GET PWA LOANS; Aims to Finance Projects Here at Low Rate Outside of Debt Limit" 3286: 2582: 2545: 1251: 8204:"CITY ACCEPTS BID ON BATTERY TUBE; Mason & Hangar, Inc., Gets Job of Building Manhattan Part of Brooklyn Tunnel" 5047:"TUNNEL REJECTION 'SETTLED' BY ICKES; Secretary States 'Obstacles' to PWA Participation in Battery-Brooklyn Project" 1102: 13358: 13250: 13244: 12864: 12727: 10775: 9238:"TUNNEL AUTHORITY PLANS REFINANCING; Bond Issue Proposed to Repay RFC Loans, Bridge Tolls to Carry Vehicular Tubes" 1841: 864:

in California. However, Roosevelt upheld the Department of War's decision and declined to create such a committee.

835:

The Department of War ultimately declined to endorse the Brooklyn–Battery Bridge. In May 1939 Robert Woodring, the

798: 456:

At the Manhattan end, a 2,126-space parking garage sits above the approach to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel from the

13179: 11623: 8500:"WPB LETS SANDHOGS CONTINUE TUBE JOB; Tunneling to Go On Pending Final Review of Stoppage Order Issued on Oct. 30" 2751:"ENGINEERS DEBATE WHY TUNNEL LEAKS; Former and Present Chiefs of Brooklyn-Battery Tube in Disagreement on Seepage" 1942:

The I-478 number was originally considered for other routes. In 1958, the I-478 route number was proposed for the

12610: 10808: 8014:"$ 25,000,000 ARTERY BEGUN IN BROOKLYN; O'Dwyer, Cashmore Dig Soil for Link Between Queens and Tunnel to Battery" 3395: 1836: 919: 606: 11845: 11373: 11292: 11125: 9025:"NEW HIGHWAY LINK SPEEDED IN KINGS; Only 'Sophisticated, Finishing Touches' Remain to Be Applied, Cashmore Says" 6743:"BATTERY TUBE LOAN APPROVED BY RFC; $ 57,000,000 of Project's Cost Provided as Mayor Opens 33-Mile Belt Parkway" 5616:"MOSES BRIDGE BILL IS VOTED AT ALBANY; Legislature Grants Power for Battery Span--Bars Civil Service Amendments" 13323: 12835: 12265: 9063:"HIGHWAY SECTION OPENS TOMORROW; Mayor to Cut Ribbon at 11 A.M. to Start Flow of Elevated Traffic on West Side" 8127: 7636:"AQUARIUM BLOCK MADE A MONUMENT; Truman Signs Bill Designating Castle Clinton, Battery Park, a National Shrine" 4586:"MAYOR GETS PLANS FOR BROOKLYN TUBE; Tunnel Authority's Studies for Battery-Hamilton Av. Link Put Before Board" 2427: 1067: 10621: 9921:"NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: STATEN ISLAND UP CLOSE -- UPDATE; All Fast Lanes Aren't Equal, Riders to Manhattan Find" 8721: 6291:"BATTERY BRIDGE UP TO ROOSEVELT; La Guardia Goes Over Head of War Department to Ask for an Independent Survey" 402:

created the tunnel's original designs. Halfway through construction, the Tunnel Authority was merged into the

13124: 11459: 2489: 1823: 915: 896: 8838:"2 BORINGS LINKED IN BATTERY TUNNEL; Four-Inch Hole 18 Feet Long Shows Tube's Segments Are Centered Exactly" 8350:"WAR TAKES STEEL FROM BATTERY TUBE; Work Goes On, but Probably Cannot Be Completed Till End of the Conflict" 1214:, marking the first-ever weather-related-closure for the tunnel. It was subsequently flooded after a severe 362:

The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel consists of two two-lane tubes, one in each direction. They pass underneath the

12783: 10925: 10905: 9139:"SOUTH ST. HIGHWAY GETS GREEN LIGHT; Preliminary Authorization for Elevated Road Made by Board of Estimate" 2227: 1907:

I-478 is the official route designation for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and its approaches, although it is

1169: 316:(USACE) rejected the plan several times out of concern that the bridge would impede shipping access to the 83: 23:. For the original subway tunnel to Brooklyn, formerly sometimes called the "Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel", see 11806: 7560:"INJUNCTION SOUGHT TO SAVE AQUARIUM; Suit Today Will Ask Court to Restrain Moses From Razing Fort Clinton" 13348: 13144: 12869: 12815: 12575: 12565: 9392:"BATTERY TUNNEL IS 94% COMPLETE; 2,500 Workmen Dwindle to 875 -- Tube Tiling, Lights Now Being Installed" 8986:"LUNGS' OF TUNNEL TO BREATHE IN BAY; 126-Foot Ventilating Tower Will Begin Next Week to Rise From Harbor" 5464:"FOES WIN A POINT ON BATTERY SPAN; Council Committee on State Legislation Withholds Its Approval of Plan" 2497: 2344: 1795: 1150: 781:

In January 1939, after the failure to allocate federal funds to the tunnels, Moses (now the chair of the

629: 10869: 8692:"Press Release – Bridges & Tunnels – Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel Milestone: Vital NYC Link for 60 Years" 10991: 9732:"City Opens Underpass at Battery, $ 10,000,000 Link in Express Route; NEW BATTERY PARK UNDERPASS OPENS" 9616:"TUBE TO BROOKLYN WILL OPEN TODAY; New Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Ready to Handle Today's Opening Traffic" 7940:"HICKS STREET WIDENING TO BE PUSHED; Section to Form True Link To Gowanus Parkway -- A Tunnel Approach" 4133:"CITY ASKED TO RUSH BROOKLYN TUNNEL; Spokesmen From Kings at Mass Meeting Stress Its Value to the Port" 2333: 2189: 1978: 1943: 996: 724: 641: 313: 1206:

In 2010, New York State legislators voted to rename the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel after former Governor

13277: 13158: 12810: 12778: 12722: 12717: 12555: 2185: 2127: 2107: 2099: 1998: 1990: 1982: 1886: 1787: 1689: 677: 645: 501: 328: 11712: 3267: 628:

set up a public-works authority in February 1935 so the city could apply for loans from the federal

346:(NY 27A) until 1970. In 2012, the tunnel was officially renamed after former New York Governor 12874: 12692: 12617: 12600: 12462: 10626: 10149: 10144: 2002: 1950:. This highway would have run between I-78 (which would have split to another branch that used the 1932: 1871: 1192: 1110:

The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel opened to traffic on May 25, 1950, with a ceremony officiated by Mayor

1072: 801:

asked that the city reconsider the bridge, as it would obstruct the dramatic view of the Manhattan

561:

south of both the Manhattan and Brooklyn bridges, was first proposed by Brooklyn Borough president

443: 398:

The tunnel was originally commissioned by the New York City Tunnel Authority, whose chief engineer

343: 11585: 13239: 13045: 12980: 12975: 12955: 12697: 10645: 10533: 3203: 2392: 2286: 1916: 1713: 1632: 1596: 1198: 1188: 967: 900: 810: 806: 673: 550: 422: 367: 351: 289: 179: 24: 5426:"ARCHITECTS WARY ON BATTERY SPAN; Institute Warns Against Haste, Fearing Marring of Famous View" 1016:

The tunnel was originally expected for completion by 1944. La Guardia had promised that, during

13136: 13088: 12985: 12758: 10916: 10896: 10153: 1935:

from the 1950s to 1970. NY 27A still exists, but, since 1970, it only runs within eastern

1005: 992: 688: 450: 20: 5883:"ART GROUP CONTINUES FIGHT ON BRIDGE PLAN; Municipal Society Makes New Attack on Battery Span" 3233: 3032: 2723:"This 20-ton door is the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel's last line of defense against floods, MTA says" 13000: 12995: 12960: 12899: 12642: 12580: 12472: 10097: 6932: 6925: 6885: 2828: 2648:"Brooklyn Tunnel Will Open May 25; Tae New Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel--Its Approaches and Exits" 2550: 2316: 2306: 1955: 876: 829: 633: 296:. The tunnel consists of twin tubes that each carry two traffic lanes under the mouth of the 10069: 7750:"37 PLANS OFFERED FOR BATTERY PARK; Judges to Meet Next Week to Pass on Drawings in Contest" 1915:

in Brooklyn, and the highway extends 2.14 miles (3.44 km) to the tunnel's north end at

13050: 12737: 12687: 12662: 11407: 11226: 9774: 9700: 9578: 9542: 9506: 9470: 9434: 8916: 8880: 8806: 8622: 8542: 8430: 8318: 8282: 8246: 7982: 7830: 7262: 7150: 7076: 6961: 6785: 6635: 6561: 6487: 6337: 6221: 6184: 6145: 6071: 5737: 5659: 5356: 5282: 5090: 4825: 4789: 4750: 4713: 4635: 4549: 4437: 4401: 4175: 4101: 3942:"BUDGET STUDY CONTINUED; Board Aproves [sic] Loans for Brooklyn Library and Tunnel" 3910: 3836: 3762: 3715: 3001: 2404: 2214: 2006: 1851: 1238: imp gal) of water. It had been the last New York City river crossing to reopen. 1184: 1090: 1021: 825: 665: 614: 5921:"Mayor at Hearing Pleads for Bridge; Mayor, Park Commissioner in Action at Bridge Hearing" 2859: 463: 8: 13010: 12990: 12945: 12940: 12904: 12830: 12742: 12732: 12712: 12667: 12622: 12595: 10712:"Traffic nightmare: Tractor trailer gets stuck in Manhattan-bound side of Battery Tunnel" 6667:"MAYOR CLEARS WAY FOR BATTERY TUNNEL; Signs Preliminary Agreements to Speed Construction" 2310: 1974: 1951: 1165: 836: 625: 312:

proposed a Brooklyn–Battery Bridge. However, the public opposed the bridge plan, and the

13060: 12965: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12825: 12707: 12637: 12585: 12499: 3255: 2540: 2053: 1928: 1693: 1591: 1111: 861: 840: 554: 375: 317: 281: 8166:"OPENS BATTERY TUBE BIDS; Authority Says Lowest for Major Digging Job Is $ 13,888,000" 723:

on the Manhattan side and to Hamilton Avenue on the Brooklyn side. In the future, the

13081: 12889: 12820: 12682: 12652: 12632: 12454: 12378: 12339: 12300: 12220: 12181: 12142: 12065: 11853: 11814: 11593: 11453: 11350: 10491: 10423: 10381: 10342: 10303: 10264: 10222: 10105: 10004: 9966: 9928: 9889: 9851: 9813: 9739: 9665: 9623: 9399: 9360: 9321: 9283: 9245: 9146: 9108: 9070: 9032: 8993: 8955: 8845: 8782: 8772: 8729: 8661: 8584: 8507: 8469: 8395: 8357: 8211: 8173: 8135: 8097: 8059: 8021: 7947: 7908: 7901:"'EL' TO LINK BELT ROAD; Gowanus Parkway to the New Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Is Begun" 7869: 7795: 7757: 7719: 7681: 7643: 7605: 7567: 7529: 7491: 7453: 7415: 7377: 7339: 7301: 7227: 7189: 7115: 7041: 7003: 6936: 6893: 6854: 6750: 6712: 6674: 6600: 6526: 6452: 6414: 6376: 6298: 6260: 6110: 6035: 5997: 5928: 5890: 5852: 5814: 5776: 5698: 5623: 5585: 5547: 5509: 5471: 5433: 5395: 5321: 5246: 5208: 5170: 5132: 5054: 5016: 4978: 4940: 4902: 4864: 4675: 4593: 4514: 4476: 4366: 4328: 4290: 4252: 4214: 4140: 4066: 4028: 3990: 3949: 3875: 3801: 3677: 3639: 3601: 3464: 3423: 3172: 3103: 2931:"Governor Cuomo Announces Cashless High-Speed Tolling Begins on Hugh L. Carey Tunnel" 2867: 2758: 2655: 2554: 2380: 1931:

with the tunnel. Before receiving the I-478 designation, the tunnel had been part of

1920: 1725: 1717: 1273: 1028: 818: 786: 761: 716: 649: 457: 407: 19:"Battery Tunnel" redirects here. For the tunnel under Battery Park in Manhattan, see 13073: 11742:"NYC congestion pricing: How much you'll pay, crossing credits, exemptions and more" 4895:"Mayor Sees Ickes on Battery Tunnel Plan; Tells PWA Head That Deadline Could Be Met" 12950: 12884: 12879: 12647: 12004: 10912: 10892: 8767: 8090:"SHAFT BIDS OPENED FOR BATTERY TUBE; Work on Two Excavations to Start in Two Weeks" 1947: 1908: 1754: 1177: 1173: 845: 794: 558: 542: 387: 383: 332: 301: 12022: 9276:"NEW TUNNEL FUNDS ASKED; Authority Applies Again to RFC for Brooklyn-Battery Help" 7332:"SANDHOGS TO CEASE PICKET-LINE FIGHTS; But Interunion Row Is No Nearer Settlement" 1157:

starting in 1959 at a cost of $ 250,000 (equivalent to $ 2 million in 2023).

13282: 13005: 12605: 12570: 12477: 12255: 12099: 7370:"NO DELAY IN BATTERY TUBE; But Authorities Fear Sandhog Row Will Cause Snag Soon" 7182:"TUNNEL LINING BIDS IN; Bethlehem Units Lowest on Iron for Battery-Brooklyn Tube" 3794:"PLANS TUBE TO BROOKLYN.; Corporation Asks Franchise on Auto Tunnel From Battery" 1924: 1669: 1211: 949: 849: 744: 669: 546: 538: 493: 233: 11559: 11507: 6369:"Roosevelt Rejects Battery Bridge Plan, But Mayor Says He Will Never Give It Up" 3376: 13174: 13164: 13150: 13131: 12970: 12773: 12763: 12677: 12560: 11661:"MTA jacking up tolls 7% across-the-board on New York City bridges and tunnels" 10622:"Exclusive look at new floodgates for MTA's Midtown, Hugh Carey tunnels in NYC" 9791: 9769: 9717: 9695: 9595: 9573: 9559: 9537: 9523: 9501: 9487: 9465: 9451: 9429: 8933: 8911: 8897: 8875: 8823: 8802:"There's a Deafening Roar, and a Tunnel Slashes 6 Feet Farther Toward Its Goal" 8801: 8639: 8617: 8559: 8537: 8447: 8425: 8335: 8313: 8299: 8277: 8263: 8241: 7999: 7977: 7847: 7825: 7279: 7257: 7167: 7145: 7093: 7071: 6978: 6956: 6802: 6780: 6652: 6630: 6578: 6556: 6504: 6482: 6354: 6332: 6238: 6216: 6201: 6179: 6162: 6140: 6088: 6066: 5754: 5732: 5676: 5654: 5373: 5351: 5299: 5277: 5107: 5085: 4842: 4820: 4806: 4767: 4745: 4730: 4708: 4652: 4630: 4566: 4544: 4454: 4432: 4418: 4396: 4192: 4170: 4118: 4096: 3927: 3905: 3853: 3831: 3779: 3757: 3732: 3710: 3381: 3018: 2996: 2302: 2298: 1994: 1986: 1959: 1912: 1161: 1085: 1032: 971: 944: 814: 757: 752: 562: 39: 13215: 12489: 12483: 12017: 8948:"PLAN BATTERY TUBE WORK; Contractors Get Ventilation and Blower Building Jobs" 4784: 2897: 2125: 943:, and he was expected to campaign at several places around New York City. The 13312: 13110: 12672: 12534: 12382: 12343: 12304: 12224: 12185: 12146: 12069: 11857: 11818: 11597: 11126:"Motorists - New Tolls on TBTA Bridges and Tunnels 11:59 PM Weds Jan 1, 1986" 10495: 10427: 10385: 10346: 10307: 10268: 10226: 10109: 10008: 9970: 9932: 9893: 9855: 9817: 9743: 9669: 9627: 9403: 9364: 9325: 9287: 9249: 9150: 9112: 9074: 9036: 8997: 8959: 8849: 8733: 8665: 8588: 8511: 8473: 8399: 8361: 8215: 8177: 8139: 8101: 8063: 8025: 7951: 7912: 7873: 7799: 7761: 7723: 7685: 7647: 7609: 7571: 7533: 7495: 7484:"FISH TO LEAVE OLD HOME; Aquarium to Start Dispersing Thousands of Specimens" 7457: 7419: 7381: 7343: 7305: 7231: 7193: 7119: 7045: 7007: 6897: 6858: 6754: 6716: 6678: 6604: 6530: 6456: 6418: 6380: 6302: 6264: 6114: 6039: 6001: 5932: 5894: 5856: 5818: 5807:"HEARING ON BRIDGE TODAY; Backers and Opponents of Span at Battery to Appear" 5780: 5702: 5627: 5589: 5551: 5513: 5475: 5437: 5399: 5325: 5250: 5212: 5174: 5136: 5058: 5020: 4982: 4944: 4906: 4868: 4679: 4597: 4518: 4480: 4370: 4332: 4294: 4256: 4218: 4144: 4070: 4032: 3994: 3953: 3879: 3805: 3681: 3643: 3605: 3468: 3427: 3176: 3107: 2871: 2762: 2659: 2241: 2213: 1744: 1124: 1076: 773: 567: 489: 411: 277: 105: 92: 11474:"M.T.A. Is Raising Fares and Tolls; One Subway or Bus Ride Will Cost $ 2.75" 702: 644:

created the New York City Tunnel Authority to oversee the construction of a

12094: 11885: 10741: 2131: 2103: 1963: 1017: 975: 889: 657: 439: 399: 391: 324:-related material shortages. The tunnel officially opened on May 25, 1950. 321: 309: 8786: 7712:"BATTERY PLAN ORDERED; Architect Is Commissioned to Study Its Redesigning" 2574: 578: 421:

The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel is owned and operated by the TBTA's successor

414:'s earliest days. The tunnel was officially renamed after former Governor 11586:"Subway Fares Are Rising Again. But That Won't Solve the M.T.A.'s Crisis" 8762: 7862:"BIDS FOR BRIDGE OPENED; $ 1,910,501 Is Lowest to Span the Gowanus Canal" 6847:"400 ARE TO BE EVICTED; Deputy Sheriffs Begin Serving Orders in Brooklyn" 2467: 2290: 1936: 1215: 1052: 661: 618: 477: 11774:

Kramer, Marcia; Williams, Doug; Duddridge, Natalie (November 30, 2023).

10767: 13222: 12371:"85% of Interstate Roads in State. Complete at a Cost of $ 2.5-Billion" 11769: 11767: 11440:. MTA Bridges & Tunnels. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011 10768:"Project Profile Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), New York" 3416:"Battery Garage Opens Tomorrow; New Seven-Story Battery Parking Garage" 2199: 2152: 1977:

project was proposed in early 1971 as part of an effort to replace the

1967: 1207: 956: 904: 743:

Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. The next month, La Guardia met with PWA chair

708:

The parking garage above the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel's Manhattan portal

526: 467:

The granite-faced monumental ventilation building on the Manhattan side

415: 363: 347: 297: 146: 10800: 6180:"Moses, Ingersoll and Crews Attack Rejection of Brooklyn-Battery Span" 2824:"Battery Tunnel renamed after former New York governor Hugh L. Carey" 2222: 1768: 1281: 720: 530: 481: 371: 293: 270: 75: 13288: 13261: 11764: 5086:"Belt and Fair Roads, Atlantic Ave. Plan and "L" Razing Won in 1938" 2048: 1764: 955:

The start of actual tunneling was delayed due to dispute between a

534: 485: 379: 285: 71: 8912:"Engineers Join Battery Tunnel Borings Within Fraction of an Inch" 6067:"Boro Ultimatum on Battery Bridge Is Placed Before Army Engineers" 2136: 2122: 12493: 1277: 1266: 1247: 980: 960: 911: 802: 736: 731:

Although preliminary borings were set to start in February 1937,

198: 3527: 3494: 2433:. New York City Department of Transportation. 2016. p. 11. 1294:

History of passenger cash tolls for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel

13030: 12257:

West Side Hwy Project, New York: Environmental Impact Statement

11986: 11957:. New York State Department of Transportation. August 7, 2015. 11934:. New York State Department of Transportation. August 7, 2015. 10931: 10454:"Hurricane Sandy Floods New York City, Photos Show Devastation" 6217:"Why Mr. Woodring, Look at Bridges You would Have to Tear Down" 2240: 2171: 2150: 1613: 907: 273: 11530:"M.T.A. Votes to Raise Fares and Tolls: What You Need to Know" 9430:"Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Open, If You Can Find Plaza Entrance" 3134:"news – Governor's Island Vent Building: An Architectural Gem" 2602: 2600: 201:); $ 6.94 (New York E-ZPass); $ 9.11 (Mid-Tier NYCSC E-Z Pass) 197:

As of August 6, 2023, $ 11.19 (Tolls By Mail and non-New York

12332:"Westway Plan Wins Final U.s. Approval; Boon to City Is Seen" 11846:"$ 15 Tolls Likely for New York's Congestion Pricing Program" 10861: 1280:

readers are mounted on new overhead gantries manufactured by

1036: 732: 10560:"Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Reopens To Limited Traffic Tuesday" 10519: 10517: 2323:

1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

1183:

The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was closed completely after the

1168:" project, which would reconstruct the West Side Highway to 605:

In May 1930, the Terminal Bridge Corporation petitioned the

11254: 11252: 11053: 11051: 10986: 10984: 10862:"MTA rolls out cashless toll schedule for bridges, tunnels" 5960:"Squared Accounts The Battery Bridge July 1939 Chapter 137" 5733:"Moses Girds Forces for Hearing on Brooklyn-Battery Bridge" 2597: 895:

In mid-1940, 400 Brooklyn residents living in the tunnel's

223: 12058:"New Roads With New Numbers Will Parallel Old U.S. Routes" 9466:"2 Miles of Fluorescent Lights to Shine in Battery Tunnel" 660:

revealed a plan to connect the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to

11807:"How Might Congestion Pricing Actually Work in New York?" 10514: 9997:"City Plans Garage Near Battery in '65 For Brief Parking" 6927:

Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City

6781:"30-Year Clamor for the Tube is All Over But the Digging" 3532: 3499: 2858:

Grynbaum, Michael M.; Kaplan, Thomas (December 8, 2010).

2790:"A Transformation at the Battery, 21 Years in the Making" 2575:"Hugh L. Carey Tunnel (formerly Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel)" 1911:

as such. I-478's south end is at the tunnel's south end,

959:' union, which was commissioned to dig the tunnel, and a 13294: 13267: 12529: 12024:

Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State

11466: 11249: 11048: 10981: 10832:"Automatic Tolls to Replace Gates at 9 NYC Spans: Cuomo" 10682:"Cuomo had the MTA waste $ 30M on tunnel vanity project" 449:

The Governors Island ventilation structure, designed by

438:

The Manhattan ventilation structure was depicted as the

13191: 11773: 11368: 11366: 11287: 11285: 11221: 11219: 11120: 11118: 11093:"M.T.A. RAISES FARES AND TOLLS BY 20% ACROSS THE BOARD" 10959:"Triborough Tolls Cause Snarls Inside and Outside Cars" 9959:"Garage Addition Is Planned At Battery Tunnel Entrance" 9696:"Battery Tunnel's 1st Year Clicks Off 13 Million Tolls" 8768:

The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York

8314:"Mayor Promises City Priorities for All Vital Supplies" 5278:"Boro-Battery Bridge Forced Quickest Action in Decades" 3705: 3703: 3287:"news – Battery Parking Garage Made History When Built" 10526:"All Tunnels Cleared as Traffic Returns to Hugh Carey" 8571: 8569: 4097:"Plan Resumption of Shore Rd. Work with Wall and Fill" 2860:"Queensboro Bridge and Brooklyn-Battery to Be Renamed" 2692:"Brooklyn Tunnel Costing $ 80,000,000 Opened By Mayor" 2137:

Southbound exit evenings, northbound entrance mornings

13103: 11735: 11733: 11160:"DRIVERS IRKED BY TOLL RISE AT 5 BRIDGES AND TUNNELS" 10744:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Footnote 3. 10257:"Talk of Ground Zero Tribute, as West Street Reopens" 899:

were evicted. On the Manhattan side, a large part of

11687:"These are the new MTA bridge and tunnel toll rates" 11363: 11327:"Bridge-and-Tunnel Blues: Paying More to Cross Over" 11282: 11216: 11115: 10098:"After 20 Years of Delays, a River Park Takes Shape" 7072:"FDR Launches Boro Tunnel in Campaign Swing of City" 6931:. New York: Museum of the City of New York. p. 3711:"Realty Men Laud Battery-to-Brooklyn Tunnel Project" 3700: 2958: 2956: 2937:. Office of Governor Andrew Cuomo. January 4, 2017. 1187:

due to the proximity of the Manhattan portal to the

1160:

In 1971, the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel was designated

9574:"Brooklyn-Queens Highway Link to Tunnel Opens, Too" 8566: 8426:"Work Continues at Manhattan End of Battery Tunnel" 8278:"Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Contracts Almost Complete" 4709:"Assembly Urges City to Hurry on Boro-Battery Tube" 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 2245: 2237: 2193: 2168: 2157: 2147: 1040:merged with the Tunnel Authority, allowing the new 557:in Brooklyn, passing underneath the East River and 508:routes between Manhattan and Staten Island and the 12486:—from the MTA's YouTube web link (1:18 video clip) 12484:Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel Construction Scenes (1947) 12293:"Legislators Here Oppose Plan for 2 City Highways" 11730: 11713:"What happens to the congestion pricing lawsuits?" 11678: 11153: 11151: 6924: 3374: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 1011: 966:Another issue arose when it was revealed that the 11401: 11399: 11233:. White Plains, NY. January 30, 1993. p. 9. 11194:"Toll Increase at Bridges Is Described as Smooth" 3758:"Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel: Modern Wonder of World" 2953: 2158:No northbound exit; exit no. corresponds to I-278 824:Moses quickly sought to obtain approval from the 541:. The tunnel would have been located between the 13310: 12410:"THE LEGACY OF WESTWAY: LESSONS FROM ITS DEMISE" 12003:(Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. 11985:(Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. 11380:. White Plains, NY. March 16, 2008. p. 12. 11260:"Bridge and Tunnel Traffic Smooth as Tolls Rise" 11019: 11017: 10795: 10793: 10591:"MTA Tests Hurricane Dams Inside Battery Tunnel" 9101:"Council Votes to Name East Drive for Roosevelt" 3906:"Vehicle Tube's Cost is Figured at $ 60,000,000" 3238:. Bonnier Corporation. March 1949. p. 120. 1583:Congestion pricing in New York City § Tolls 382:. Although the tubes do not pass directly under 13220: 11148: 10734: 10215:"Race Is on for Cellular System for the Subway" 3375:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 3309: 1970:. This proposal was also canceled in May 1971. 1655: 12135:"Lower Manhattan Road Killed Under State Plan" 12019:State of New York Department of Transportation 11837: 11616: 11552: 11496: 11430: 11396: 11299:. Poughkeepsie, NY. May 19, 2003. p. 6A. 11086: 11084: 10952: 10950: 10416:"Storm Showed Vulnerability of City's Tunnels" 9882:"Battery Tunnel to Start Rush-Hour Plan Today" 6957:"Condemnation for Tube Costs City $ 3,264,142" 3063:"Film Locations for the Original Men in Black" 2857: 2781: 13089: 12515: 12464:Template:Attached KML/Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel 11922: 11920: 11293:"Tolls rise on Manhattan bridges and tunnels" 11187: 11185: 11014: 10884: 10790: 4171:"Mayor Expects Federal Aid Up to 200 Million" 2490:"New York City Truck Route Map: Reverse Side" 2457: 2455: 11320: 11318: 10335:"Car Restriction Into Manhattan Is Extended" 2964:"Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Ditches Cash Tolls" 342:) since 1971. The tunnel originally carried 12262:New York State Department of Transportation 12096:New York State Department of Transportation 12056:Wright, George Cable (September 19, 1958). 11887:New York State Department of Transportation 11881: 11879: 11631:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 11506:. MTA Bridges & Tunnels. Archived from 11355:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 11081: 11059:"Tolls Rise Tomorrow For Several Crossings" 10947: 9918: 7146:"City Acts to Pave Way for Tunnel Approach" 6923:Benson, Kathleen; Kayal, Philip M. (2002). 6922: 6214: 5352:"Battery Span Bill Moves to Vote in Albany" 4631:"Mayor Gets Complete Plans of Battery Tube" 3281: 3279: 3277: 646:tunnel between Midtown Manhattan and Queens 570:, south of the proposed tunnel's entrance. 354:as one of the MTA's nine tolled crossings. 327:The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel is part of the 13096: 13082: 12522: 12508: 12329: 12270:United States Department of Transportation 11917: 11182: 10854: 10823: 10374:"Interim Road To Reconnect Battery Tunnel" 10372:Steinhauer, Jennifer (February 28, 2002). 10371: 6141:"Battle for New Boro-Battery Traffic Link" 4433:"New Parkway Projected for South Brooklyn" 2503:New York City Department of Transportation 2463:"Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, Brooklyn, NY 11231" 2452: 2422: 2420: 1599:would be exempt from the congestion toll. 676:. The planned tunnel was also part of the 13041:NYS Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) 13036:NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) 12467: 12088: 11406:Grynbaum, Michael M. (October 28, 2010). 11315: 11157: 10414:Rosenthal, Elisabeth (November 9, 2012). 10413: 9023:Ingraham, Joseph C. (December 18, 1948). 8684: 8618:"Battery Tunnel Job Gets WPB Green Light" 8538:"Battery Tube Work Permitted to Continue" 7258:"Battery Tunnel Work Halted by Union Row" 6333:"Moses Bares Final Plea for Battery Span" 2188:east (Brooklyn–Queens Expressway) / 1997:via the Westway project. An extension to 867: 860:'s connection to the Army reservation on 12011: 11993: 11975: 11876: 11405: 10911: 10891: 10254: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10033: 9655: 9022: 8799: 8757: 8755: 4666:Mathieu, George M. (September 4, 1938). 4545:"Boro-Battery Tunnel to Begin Work Soon" 3274: 2997:"Battery Tunnel Outlet to be Ornamental" 2689: 2645: 2608:"Dewatering the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel" 2567: 1308: 1197: 1101: 941:1940 United States presidential election 929: 871: 772: 462: 432: 418:in 2012 since he had lived in Brooklyn. 308:funds, New York City Parks Commissioner 12407: 12290: 12213:"City Proposes a New West Side Highway" 12076:from the original on September 26, 2017 11739: 11684: 11408:"M.T.A. Raises Bridge and Tunnel Tolls" 11023: 10934:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 10722:from the original on September 29, 2023 10646:"Bridges and Tunnels Committee Meeting" 10634:from the original on November 28, 2017. 10409: 10407: 10332: 10293: 10250: 10248: 10181: 10137: 10133: 10131: 10095: 10091: 10089: 10063: 10061: 9750:from the original on September 12, 2017 9651: 9649: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9389: 9350: 9175: 8612: 8610: 7937: 7898: 6990: 6988: 6886:"When an Arab Enclave Thrived Downtown" 6557:"Battery Tube Plans Ready for Approval" 6326: 6324: 6174: 6172: 4821:"Army Speeds Tube Permit After Hearing" 4665: 2720: 2539: 2417: 2246:Northbound exit and southbound entrance 1243:flooding resulting from Hurricane Sandy 1176:, the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel received 549:. A tunnel that specifically connected 410:originally located at that site during 13339:Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority 13334:Tolled sections of Interstate Highways 13311: 12803: 12250: 12248: 12246: 12174:"Governor Drops Plan for Belt Parkway" 12171: 12055: 11864:from the original on November 30, 2023 11710: 11374:"Toll hikes start on bridges, tunnels" 10872:from the original on December 25, 2016 10842:from the original on December 25, 2016 10811:from the original on September 1, 2019 10619: 10540:from the original on November 16, 2012 8876:"Boro-Battery Tunnel Link Cut Through" 6883: 5957: 5726: 5724: 4829:. September 27, 1938. pp. 1, 11. 3832:"Walker Orders Work on Battery Tunnel" 3451: 3449: 3410: 3408: 3201: 3090: 3088: 3033:"Men in Black Trilogy Movie Locations" 2991: 2989: 2925: 2923: 2898:"MTA Bridges and Tunnels Introduction" 2853: 2851: 2821: 2817: 2815: 2800:from the original on September 8, 2015 2787: 2745: 2743: 2702:from the original on September 2, 2017 2646:Ingraham, Joseph C. (March 22, 1950). 2512:from the original on February 27, 2017 2428:"New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes" 2194:Southbound exit only; exit 25 on I-278 1962:, as part of an effort to upgrade the 1042:Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority 925: 404:Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority 300:. Although it passes just offshore of 238:12 feet 1 inch (3.68 m) 13219: 13077: 12503: 12368: 12330:Blumenthal, Ralph (January 5, 1977). 12210: 12132: 11905:from the original on January 10, 2017 11825:from the original on December 2, 2023 11786:from the original on December 2, 2023 11752:from the original on December 2, 2023 11484:from the original on October 30, 2018 11418:from the original on October 30, 2018 11384:from the original on October 30, 2018 11337:from the original on October 30, 2018 11303:from the original on October 30, 2018 11270:from the original on October 30, 2018 11237:from the original on October 30, 2018 11204:from the original on October 30, 2018 11170:from the original on October 30, 2018 11158:Bronstein, Scott (February 8, 1987). 11136:from the original on October 30, 2018 11103:from the original on October 30, 2018 11090: 11069:from the original on October 30, 2018 11036:from the original on October 30, 2018 11002:from the original on October 30, 2018 10969:from the original on October 30, 2018 10956: 10932:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 10653:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 10168: 10067: 10046:from the original on October 30, 2018 9390:Freeman, Ira H. (November 27, 1949). 8752: 7938:Bennett, Charles G. (June 15, 1941). 6330: 6215:Schmalacker, Joseph (July 31, 1939). 6064: 5730: 5652: 5275: 5119: 5117: 5083: 4785:"U.S. Loan Sought for Battery Tunnel" 4779: 4777: 4743: 4703: 4701: 4639:. February 28, 1937. pp. 1, 10. 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4580: 4578: 4576: 3977: 3975: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3588: 3586: 3539:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 3506:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 3242:from the original on January 24, 2024 3162: 2902:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 2685: 2683: 2681: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2622:from the original on October 25, 2015 2616:United States Army Corps of Engineers 2585:from the original on December 8, 2015 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2259: 2250: 2231: 2203: 2198: 2162: 2141: 2116: 2102:west (Brooklyn–Queens Expressway) to 2066: 2057: 611:New York City Board of Transportation 427:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 12490:Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel: Sixty Years 12369:Faber, Harold (September 30, 1973). 12291:Farrell, William E. (May 16, 1971). 12133:Vines, Francis X. (March 25, 1971). 12001:New York and New Jersey Tourgide Map 11658: 11191: 11091:Daley, Suzanne (December 17, 1983). 10829: 10748:from the original on August 29, 2019 10588: 10523: 10404: 10245: 10212: 10182:Adderly, Kevin (December 31, 2016). 10140:"Why Westway sleeps with the fishes" 10128: 10086: 10071:The City Politic: Ratensky's Raiders 10058: 10034:Stengren, Bernard (April 22, 1959). 9656:Ingraham, Joseph C. (May 28, 1950). 9646: 9613: 9602: 9546:. February 23, 1949. pp. 1, 5. 9351:Freeman, Ira Henry (July 24, 1948). 8761: 8607: 8242:"Boro-Battery Tube Contract Awarded" 6985: 6884:Dunlap, David W. (August 24, 2010). 6321: 6169: 4744:David, Lester (September 14, 1938). 2941:from the original on January 6, 2017 2690:Ingraham, Joseph C. (May 26, 1950). 12389:from the original on March 23, 2018 12350:from the original on March 23, 2018 12311:from the original on March 20, 2018 12243: 12231:from the original on March 20, 2018 12192:from the original on March 20, 2018 12172:Clines, Francis X. (May 21, 1971). 12037:from the original on March 26, 2009 11952:"New York County Inventory Listing" 11843: 11804: 11659:Guse, Clayton (February 18, 2021). 11566:from the original on April 26, 2017 11325:Lee, Jennifer 8. (March 14, 2005). 11324: 10957:Prial, Frank J. (January 7, 1972). 10662:from the original on March 23, 2018 10601:from the original on March 23, 2018 10570:from the original on March 23, 2018 10502:from the original on March 23, 2018 10464:from the original on March 23, 2018 10434:from the original on March 23, 2018 10392:from the original on March 23, 2018 10353:from the original on March 23, 2018 10333:Kennedy, Randy (February 6, 2002). 10314:from the original on March 23, 2018 10294:Kennedy, Randy (October 11, 2001). 10275:from the original on March 23, 2018 10015:from the original on March 23, 2018 9977:from the original on March 23, 2018 9900:from the original on March 23, 2018 9862:from the original on March 23, 2018 9824:from the original on March 23, 2018 9782:from the original on March 23, 2018 9770:"Battery Tube Link Opens This Week" 9708:from the original on March 23, 2018 9676:from the original on March 23, 2018 9634:from the original on March 23, 2018 9586:from the original on March 23, 2018 9550:from the original on March 23, 2018 9514:from the original on March 23, 2018 9478:from the original on March 23, 2018 9442:from the original on March 23, 2018 9410:from the original on March 23, 2018 9371:from the original on March 22, 2018 9332:from the original on March 23, 2018 9294:from the original on March 22, 2018 9256:from the original on March 22, 2018 9218:from the original on March 15, 2018 9188:from the original on March 15, 2018 9157:from the original on March 23, 2018 9119:from the original on March 23, 2018 9081:from the original on March 23, 2018 9043:from the original on March 22, 2018 9004:from the original on March 22, 2018 8966:from the original on March 22, 2018 8924:from the original on March 23, 2018 8888:from the original on March 22, 2018 8856:from the original on March 22, 2018 8814:from the original on March 22, 2018 8740:from the original on March 22, 2018 8702:from the original on March 23, 2018 8672:from the original on March 22, 2018 8630:from the original on March 22, 2018 8595:from the original on March 22, 2018 8550:from the original on March 22, 2018 8518:from the original on March 22, 2018 8480:from the original on March 22, 2018 8438:from the original on March 23, 2018 8406:from the original on March 22, 2018 8368:from the original on March 22, 2018 8326:from the original on March 22, 2018 8290:from the original on March 22, 2018 8254:from the original on March 22, 2018 8222:from the original on March 22, 2018 8184:from the original on March 22, 2018 8146:from the original on March 22, 2018 8108:from the original on March 22, 2018 8070:from the original on March 22, 2018 8032:from the original on March 22, 2018 7990:from the original on March 22, 2018 7958:from the original on March 22, 2018 7919:from the original on March 22, 2018 7880:from the original on March 22, 2018 7838:from the original on March 22, 2018 7806:from the original on March 22, 2018 7768:from the original on March 22, 2018 7730:from the original on March 22, 2018 7692:from the original on March 22, 2018 7654:from the original on March 22, 2018 7616:from the original on March 22, 2018 7578:from the original on March 22, 2018 7540:from the original on March 22, 2018 7502:from the original on March 22, 2018 7464:from the original on March 22, 2018 7426:from the original on March 22, 2018 7388:from the original on March 22, 2018 7350:from the original on March 22, 2018 7312:from the original on March 22, 2018 7270:from the original on March 22, 2018 7238:from the original on March 22, 2018 7200:from the original on March 22, 2018 7158:from the original on March 22, 2018 7126:from the original on March 15, 2018 7084:from the original on March 22, 2018 7080:. October 28, 1940. pp. 1, 3. 7052:from the original on March 22, 2018 7014:from the original on March 22, 2018 6865:from the original on March 22, 2018 6827:from the original on April 20, 2018 6817:"TUNNEL BUILDING BY TRENCH STUDIED" 6793:from the original on March 22, 2018 6761:from the original on March 22, 2018 6723:from the original on March 21, 2018 6685:from the original on March 21, 2018 6643:from the original on March 22, 2018 6631:"Borough Rushes Battery Tube Plans" 6611:from the original on March 21, 2018 6569:from the original on March 21, 2018 6537:from the original on March 21, 2018 6495:from the original on March 21, 2018 6463:from the original on March 21, 2018 6425:from the original on March 14, 2018 6399: 6387:from the original on March 21, 2018 6345:from the original on March 22, 2018 6309:from the original on March 21, 2018 6271:from the original on March 21, 2018 6229:from the original on March 22, 2018 6192:from the original on March 21, 2018 6153:from the original on March 21, 2018 6121:from the original on March 21, 2018 6079:from the original on March 22, 2018 6046:from the original on March 21, 2018 6008:from the original on March 21, 2018 5939:from the original on March 21, 2018 5901:from the original on March 21, 2018 5863:from the original on March 20, 2018 5825:from the original on March 21, 2018 5787:from the original on March 20, 2018 5745:from the original on March 22, 2018 5721: 5709:from the original on March 20, 2018 5667:from the original on March 22, 2018 5634:from the original on March 20, 2018 5596:from the original on March 20, 2018 5558:from the original on March 20, 2018 5520:from the original on March 20, 2018 5482:from the original on March 20, 2018 5444:from the original on March 20, 2018 5406:from the original on March 20, 2018 5364:from the original on March 15, 2018 5332:from the original on March 20, 2018 5290:from the original on March 21, 2018 5257:from the original on March 20, 2018 5219:from the original on March 20, 2018 5181:from the original on March 21, 2018 5143:from the original on March 20, 2018 5098:from the original on March 21, 2018 5084:David, Lester (December 25, 1938). 5065:from the original on March 20, 2018 5027:from the original on March 20, 2018 4989:from the original on March 20, 2018 4951:from the original on March 21, 2018 4913:from the original on March 20, 2018 4875:from the original on March 20, 2018 4833:from the original on March 21, 2018 4797:from the original on March 21, 2018 4758:from the original on March 21, 2018 4721:from the original on March 20, 2018 4686:from the original on March 20, 2018 4643:from the original on March 20, 2018 4604:from the original on March 20, 2018 4557:from the original on March 20, 2018 4525:from the original on March 20, 2018 4487:from the original on March 20, 2018 4445:from the original on March 20, 2018 4409:from the original on March 20, 2018 4377:from the original on March 20, 2018 4339:from the original on March 20, 2018 4301:from the original on March 20, 2018 4263:from the original on March 20, 2018 4225:from the original on March 20, 2018 4183:from the original on March 20, 2018 4151:from the original on March 20, 2018 4109:from the original on March 20, 2018 4077:from the original on March 20, 2018 4039:from the original on March 14, 2018 4001:from the original on March 20, 2018 3960:from the original on March 20, 2018 3918:from the original on March 19, 2018 3886:from the original on March 15, 2018 3844:from the original on March 20, 2018 3812:from the original on March 15, 2018 3770:from the original on March 15, 2018 3723:from the original on March 19, 2018 3688:from the original on March 15, 2018 3650:from the original on March 19, 2018 3612:from the original on March 19, 2018 3571:from the original on April 17, 2018 3475:from the original on March 22, 2018 3446: 3434:from the original on March 23, 2018 3405: 3297:from the original on March 23, 2018 3183:from the original on March 23, 2018 3144:from the original on March 23, 2018 3114:from the original on March 22, 2018 3085: 3009:from the original on March 22, 2018 2986: 2974:from the original on March 22, 2018 2920: 2878:from the original on March 22, 2018 2848: 2812: 2769:from the original on March 23, 2018 2740: 2721:Gonella, Catalina (July 21, 2024). 2666:from the original on March 23, 2018 2440:from the original on March 11, 2018 1588:Congestion pricing in New York City 1288: 809:to minuscule size, and destroy the 13: 12420:from the original on June 19, 2018 12153:from the original on June 13, 2018 12114:from the original on July 29, 2017 11740:Bascome, Erik (December 2, 2023). 11640:from the original on March 6, 2019 11604:from the original on March 4, 2019 11540:from the original on March 6, 2019 11132:. December 31, 1985. p. 245. 10778:from the original on July 12, 2022 10692:from the original on July 24, 2018 10255:Cardwell, Diane (March 30, 2002). 10233:from the original on July 12, 2022 10190:. Federal Highway Administration. 10116:from the original on March 6, 2018 6331:David, Lester (October 30, 1939). 5114: 4774: 4698: 4616: 4573: 4397:"Tube Plan named Brooklyn-Battery" 3972: 3914:. September 26, 1931. p. 24. 3739: 3583: 3073:from the original on June 24, 2021 3043:from the original on June 20, 2021 2678: 2634: 2524: 1576: 821:signed the bills within the week. 768: 749:Reconstruction Finance Corporation 14: 13370: 12436: 12211:Prial, Frank J. (April 4, 1971). 11961:from the original on July 1, 2019 11938:from the original on July 2, 2019 11624:"New Fares and Tolls Take Effect" 10194:from the original on July 3, 2017 10138:Amateau, Albert (June 16, 2004). 9939:from the original on May 27, 2015 8800:Blauvelt, Paul (March 30, 1947). 8626:. September 13, 1945. p. 3. 6969:from the original on July 8, 2018 6639:. March 12, 1940. pp. 1, 2. 5970:from the original on May 24, 2018 4441:. November 29, 1936. p. 15. 3719:. February 19, 1930. p. 43. 3214:from the original on July 9, 2018 3202:Pollak, Michael (July 30, 2006). 3163:Plumb, Robert K. (May 25, 1949). 2908:from the original on May 15, 2018 2822:Durkin, Erin (October 22, 2012). 2546:The Encyclopedia of New York City 1602: 471: 13293: 13287: 13266: 13260: 13249: 13243: 13190: 12769:Brooklyn–Battery (Hugh L. Carey) 12408:Roberts, Sam (October 7, 1985). 12401: 12362: 12323: 12284: 12204: 12165: 12126: 12049: 11929:"Kings County Inventory Listing" 11798: 11711:Thorne, Kristin (June 5, 2024). 11704: 11685:Bascome, Erik (August 6, 2023). 11652: 11578: 11522: 11192:Pitt, David E. (July 18, 1989). 11024:Goldman, Ari L. (May 17, 1980). 10830:Siff, Andrew (October 5, 2016). 10760: 10704: 10674: 10638: 10620:Hoffer, Jim (October 24, 2017). 10613: 10589:Siff, Andrew (August 23, 2013). 10582: 10552: 10476: 10446: 10365: 10326: 10287: 10213:Chan, Sewell (August 25, 2005). 10206: 10074:. New York Media, LLC. p. 8 10027: 9989: 9951: 9912: 9874: 9836: 9798: 9762: 9724: 9688: 9582:. February 23, 1949. p. 9. 9566: 9530: 9510:. February 23, 1949. p. 9. 9494: 9458: 9422: 9383: 9344: 9306: 9268: 9230: 9200: 9169: 9131: 9093: 9055: 9016: 8978: 8940: 8904: 8868: 8830: 8793: 8714: 8646: 8530: 8492: 8454: 8418: 8380: 8342: 8306: 8286:. December 12, 1941. p. 7. 8270: 8234: 8196: 8158: 8120: 8082: 8044: 8006: 7978:"Gowanus Elevated Parkway Opens" 7970: 7931: 7892: 7854: 7818: 7780: 7742: 7704: 7666: 7628: 7590: 7552: 7514: 7476: 7438: 7400: 7362: 7324: 7286: 7250: 7212: 7174: 7138: 7100: 7064: 7026: 6949: 6916: 6904:from the original on May 4, 2021 6877: 6839: 6809: 6773: 6735: 6697: 6659: 6623: 6585: 6565:. November 16, 1939. p. 1. 6549: 6511: 6475: 6437: 6361: 6283: 6245: 6208: 6188:. July 18, 1939. pp. 1, 4. 6149:. July 18, 1939. pp. 1, 4. 5653:David, Lester (March 30, 1939). 4553:. November 22, 1936. p. 4. 4105:. February 4, 1935. p. 14. 3840:. November 11, 1930. p. 1. 2398: 2386: 2374: 2280: 2274: 2267: 2261: 2179: 2173: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2074: 2068: 1881: 1866: 1708: 1703: 1684: 1642:2.14 mi (3.44 km) 1612: 858:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge 799:American Institute of Architects 701: 687: 591: 577: 512:between Manhattan and Brooklyn. 500:between Manhattan and Brooklyn. 132: 126: 38: 10655:. March 19, 2018. p. 110. 10524:Mann, Ted (November 13, 2012). 9438:. December 4, 1949. p. 9. 9176:Crowell, Paul (July 19, 1948). 8546:. November 8, 1942. p. 1. 8434:. October 18, 1942. p. 2. 8322:. August 12, 1941. p. 20. 7834:. October 22, 1940. p. 4. 7266:. December 2, 1940. p. 1. 7154:. October 31, 1940. p. 3. 6965:. October 29, 1940. p. 2. 6491:. November 5, 1939. p. 1. 6133: 6095: 6058: 6020: 5982: 5951: 5913: 5875: 5837: 5799: 5761: 5731:David, Lester (April 4, 1939). 5683: 5646: 5608: 5570: 5532: 5494: 5456: 5418: 5380: 5344: 5306: 5276:David, Lester (March 2, 1939). 5269: 5231: 5193: 5155: 5077: 5039: 5001: 4963: 4925: 4887: 4849: 4813: 4737: 4717:. February 2, 1937. p. 6. 4659: 4537: 4499: 4461: 4425: 4389: 4351: 4313: 4275: 4237: 4199: 4163: 4125: 4089: 4051: 4013: 3934: 3898: 3860: 3824: 3786: 3662: 3624: 3553: 3520: 3487: 3396:Gross Domestic Product deflator 3226: 3195: 3156: 3126: 3055: 3025: 3005:. January 20, 1945. p. 8. 2890: 2832:. New York City. Archived from 1094:continuous uses of clay tiles. 1012:Construction halts and restarts 607:New York City Board of Estimate 331:, carrying the entirety of the 12693:Robert F. Kennedy (Triborough) 12266:Federal Highway Administration 11844:Ley, Ana (November 29, 2023). 9474:. January 4, 1949. p. 3. 8250:. October 6, 1941. p. 5. 7826:"Army Approves Gowanus Bridge" 6065:David, Lester (June 7, 1939). 2788:Dunlap, David (May 27, 2015). 2714: 2482: 1143: 357: 257:, commonly referred to as the 219: 1: 13354:Road tunnels in New York City 13329:Toll tunnels in New York City 13231: 11562:. MTA Bridges & Tunnels. 10096:Roberts, Sam (May 16, 2006). 10068:Blake, Peter (July 5, 1971). 8128:"Battery Tunnel Contract Let" 6483:"Battery Tunnel Funds Sought" 5958:Maeder, Jay (July 13, 2000). 4793:. April 9, 1937. p. 13. 4179:. April 26, 1935. p. 3. 3377:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 2410: 914:neighborhood centered around 615:Staten Island–Brooklyn tunnel 525:A vehicular tunnel under the 425:, an affiliate agency of the 10926:American Antiquarian Society 10906:American Antiquarian Society 10484:"Flooded, Darkened New York" 9778:. June 24, 1951. p. 1. 9704:. July 30, 1951. p. 5. 8920:. July 24, 1947. p. 2. 8884:. July 20, 1947. p. 1. 8722:"Brooklyn Plaza Bids Opened" 6789:. June 30, 1940. p. 3. 5655:"Spur Lehman on Bridge Bill" 5360:. March 3, 1939. p. 8. 4746:"Manhattan Bridge Saturated" 3766:. May 25, 1950. p. 50. 2017: 1567: 1554: 1541: 1528: 1515: 1502: 1489: 1476: 1463: 1450: 1437: 1424: 1411: 1398: 1385: 1372: 1359: 1346: 1333: 1320: 1170:Interstate Highway standards 7: 13319:Crossings of the East River 11392:– via Newspapers.com. 11311:– via Newspapers.com. 11245:– via Newspapers.com. 11144:– via Newspapers.com. 10801:"What Is Cashless Tolling?" 7899:Mathieu, George M. (1941). 4405:. July 1, 1936. p. 7. 2549:(2nd ed.). New Haven: 2393:New York (state) portal 2367: 1927:. The entirety of I-478 is 1564: 1551: 1538: 1525: 1512: 1499: 1486: 1473: 1460: 1447: 1434: 1421: 1408: 1395: 1382: 1369: 1356: 1343: 1330: 1317: 1151:high-occupancy vehicle lane 783:Triborough Bridge Authority 694:Governors Island vent tower 630:Public Works Administration 520: 10: 13375: 12496:web link (6:13 video clip) 11805:Ley, Ana (June 28, 2023). 9614:Falk, Sam (May 25, 1950). 9502:"Tunnel Tiling "Unveiled"" 7986:. May 6, 1942. p. 1. 3235:Blower Breathes for Tunnel 2334:Electronic toll collection 1979:West Side Elevated Highway 1944:Lower Manhattan Expressway 1580: 1274:Open-road cashless tolling 1097: 1068:Brooklyn–Queens Expressway 725:West Side Elevated Highway 642:New York State Legislature 515: 314:US Army Corps of Engineers 18: 13344:Tunnels completed in 1950 13278:Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge 13272: 13255: 13234: 13229: 13199: 13188: 13119: 13023: 12913: 12857: 12848: 12796: 12751: 12548: 12541: 11458:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10805:MTA Bridges & Tunnels 10188:Route Log and Finder List 9538:"Boro-Battery Tube Opens" 2579:MTA Bridges & Tunnels 2322: 2314: 2256: 2253: 2234: 2226: 2221: 2208: 2165: 2144: 2119: 2111: 2063: 2060: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 1859: 1788:Interstate Highway System 1783: 1778: 1774: 1760: 1750: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1699: 1680: 1675: 1664: 1654: 1646: 1638: 1630: 1625: 1609: 1304: 1301: 1298: 678:Regional Plan Association 502:MTA New York City Transit 329:Interstate Highway System 247: 242: 232: 218: 214:9,117 feet (2,779 m) 210: 205: 193: 185: 175: 157: 152: 142: 121: 82: 67: 59: 51: 46: 37: 13051:MTA New York City Subway 2405:New York City portal 2351: 2340: 2329: 2003:George Washington Bridge 1305:Toll equivalent in 2023 1260: 1164:in preparation for the " 1106:The tunnel, seen in 1973 1073:Verrazano-Narrows Bridge 879:at the tunnel's entrance 598:Manhattan portal in 2024 344:New York State Route 27A 13359:The Battery (Manhattan) 13257:Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel 13240:Joralemon Street Tunnel 13046:MTA Bridges and Tunnels 12473:"Sandhogs Toughest Job" 11560:"2017 Toll Information" 11504:"2015 Toll Information" 11438:"2010 Toll Information" 10534:The Wall Street Journal 4668:"West Side Link Grows;" 3495:"Staten Island Bus Map" 3204:"You Can Call Them Ray" 2612:North Atlantic Division 1633:MTA Bridges and Tunnels 1189:World Trade Center site 1006:McKim, Mead & White 968:Great New York Aquarium 811:Great New York Aquarium 674:Circumferential Parkway 584:Brooklyn portal in 2008 451:McKim, Mead & White 442:'s headquarters in the 423:MTA Bridges and Tunnels 374:to the neighborhood of 370:at the southern tip of 352:MTA Bridges and Tunnels 259:Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel 180:MTA Bridges and Tunnels 106:40.695833°N 74.013611°W 33:Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel 25:Joralemon Street Tunnel 16:Tunnel in New York City 10718:. September 28, 2023. 9145:. September 30, 1949. 8583:. September 21, 1944. 7490:. September 23, 1941. 7002:. September 23, 1940. 5015:. September 20, 1938. 4977:. September 19, 1938. 4939:. September 16, 1938. 3874:. September 26, 1931. 3102:. September 15, 1941. 2618:. September 28, 2012. 1252:ongoing transit crisis 1203: 1202:During Hurricane Sandy 1107: 993:Battery Park Underpass 935: 880: 868:Tunnel plans finalized 778: 510:X27, X28, X37, and X38 498:BM1, BM2, BM3, and BM4 476:The tunnel carries 28 468: 163:; 74 years ago 21:Battery Park Underpass 13324:Robert Moses projects 12961:Downtown Hudson Tubes 11633:. February 27, 2019. 11592:. February 27, 2019. 10998:. September 2, 1975. 10992:"New Fares and Tolls" 10868:. December 21, 2016. 10566:. November 13, 2012. 9919:O'Grady, Jim (2001). 9320:. February 17, 1948. 9069:. November 28, 1948. 7868:. December 11, 1940. 7338:. February 14, 1941. 7300:. February 11, 1941. 7226:. December 10, 1940. 6599:. November 22, 1939. 6525:. November 16, 1939. 4592:. February 28, 1937. 4513:. November 22, 1936. 4139:. February 27, 1935. 4065:. February 13, 1935. 4027:. December 27, 1933. 3989:. December 30, 1933. 3600:. November 12, 1930. 2904:. December 31, 2016. 2551:Yale University Press 2381:U.S. Roads portal 2317:at-grade intersection 1956:Grand Central Parkway 1581:Further information: 1201: 1105: 933: 877:Variable-message sign 875: 830:Municipal Art Society 776: 640:In January 1936, the 634:Franklin D. Roosevelt 466: 433:Associated structures 138:I-478 Toll (unsigned) 111:40.695833; -74.013611 12683:Queensboro (Ed Koch) 12468:KML is from Wikidata 11536:. January 25, 2017. 11480:. January 23, 2015. 11297:Poughkeepsie Journal 10490:. October 30, 2012. 10460:. October 30, 2012. 9888:. February 1, 1956. 9775:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9701:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9579:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9543:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9507:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9471:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9435:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9282:. December 2, 1947. 8917:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8881:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8807:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8623:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8543:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8506:. November 8, 1942. 8468:. October 31, 1942. 8431:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8319:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8283:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8247:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7983:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7831:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7414:. February 8, 1941. 7263:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7188:. October 31, 1940. 7151:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7114:. October 29, 1940. 7077:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7040:. October 18, 1940. 6962:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6786:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6636:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6562:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6488:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6451:. November 5, 1939. 6375:. November 1, 1939. 6338:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6297:. October 24, 1939. 6222:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6185:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6146:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6072:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5738:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5660:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5357:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5283:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5245:. February 8, 1939. 5207:. February 6, 1939. 5091:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5053:. November 1, 1938. 4826:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4790:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4751:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4714:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4636:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4550:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4438:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4402:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4176:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4102:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3948:. October 18, 1933. 3911:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3837:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3763:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3716:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3676:. February 2, 1930. 3140:. February 7, 2014. 3002:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 2215:Hugh L. Carey Tunnel 2007:Henry Hudson Parkway 1270:Toll-by-mail rates. 1185:September 11 attacks 1091:fluorescent-lighting 1022:War Production Board 826:US Department of War 777:A view of the tunnel 480:routes that connect 350:. It is operated by 255:Hugh L. Carey Tunnel 55:Hugh L. Carey Tunnel 13011:Uptown Hudson Tubes 12668:Park Avenue Viaduct 12531:Bridges and tunnels 12098:(January 1, 1970). 12021:(January 1, 1970). 11665:New York Daily News 11130:New York Daily News 9244:. August 13, 1947. 8954:. August 21, 1947. 8771:. New York: Knopf. 8394:. October 6, 1942. 8210:. October 6, 1941. 8134:. August 20, 1940. 8058:. August 25, 1941. 8020:. August 21, 1946. 7756:. August 13, 1942. 7642:. August 13, 1946. 7566:. August 20, 1942. 3463:. August 17, 1948. 3398:figures follow the 3069:. August 27, 2013. 2970:. January 4, 2017. 2836:on January 30, 2013 2757:. August 28, 1951. 2541:Jackson, Kenneth T. 2315:Northern terminus; 2311:Staten Island Ferry 1952:Williamsburg Bridge 1295: 926:Construction starts 837:US Secretary of War 654:New York City Parks 626:Fiorello La Guardia 336:Interstate 478 267:Battery Park Tunnel 102: / 34: 13349:Red Hook, Brooklyn 12723:Verrazzano-Narrows 12718:University Heights 12556:Alexander Hamilton 12475:, September 1947, 12414:The New York Times 12375:The New York Times 12336:The New York Times 12297:The New York Times 12217:The New York Times 12178:The New York Times 12139:The New York Times 12062:The New York Times 11850:The New York Times 11811:The New York Times 11590:The New York Times 11534:The New York Times 11478:The New York Times 11412:The New York Times 11331:The New York Times 11266:. March 26, 1996. 11264:The New York Times 11198:The New York Times 11164:The New York Times 11097:The New York Times 11065:. April 18, 1982. 11063:The New York Times 11030:The New York Times 10996:The New York Times 10963:The New York Times 10420:The New York Times 10378:The New York Times 10339:The New York Times 10300:The New York Times 10261:The New York Times 10219:The New York Times 10102:The New York Times 10040:The New York Times 10001:The New York Times 9963:The New York Times 9925:The New York Times 9886:The New York Times 9848:The New York Times 9810:The New York Times 9738:. April 11, 1951. 9736:The New York Times 9662:The New York Times 9620:The New York Times 9396:The New York Times 9357:The New York Times 9318:The New York Times 9280:The New York Times 9242:The New York Times 9212:The New York Times 9182:The New York Times 9143:The New York Times 9105:The New York Times 9067:The New York Times 9029:The New York Times 8990:The New York Times 8952:The New York Times 8842:The New York Times 8726:The New York Times 8658:The New York Times 8581:The New York Times 8504:The New York Times 8466:The New York Times 8392:The New York Times 8354:The New York Times 8208:The New York Times 8170:The New York Times 8132:The New York Times 8096:. August 7, 1940. 8094:The New York Times 8056:The New York Times 8018:The New York Times 7944:The New York Times 7905:The New York Times 7866:The New York Times 7794:. August 5, 1940. 7792:The New York Times 7754:The New York Times 7716:The New York Times 7678:The New York Times 7640:The New York Times 7604:. April 25, 1943. 7602:The New York Times 7564:The New York Times 7526:The New York Times 7488:The New York Times 7450:The New York Times 7412:The New York Times 7374:The New York Times 7336:The New York Times 7298:The New York Times 7224:The New York Times 7186:The New York Times 7112:The New York Times 7038:The New York Times 7000:The New York Times 6890:The New York Times 6851:The New York Times 6821:The New York Times 6747:The New York Times 6709:The New York Times 6671:The New York Times 6597:The New York Times 6523:The New York Times 6449:The New York Times 6411:The New York Times 6373:The New York Times 6295:The New York Times 6257:The New York Times 6107:The New York Times 6075:. pp. 1, 12. 6032:The New York Times 5994:The New York Times 5927:. April 26, 1939. 5925:The New York Times 5889:. April 23, 1939. 5887:The New York Times 5851:. April 17, 1939. 5849:The New York Times 5813:. April 25, 1939. 5811:The New York Times 5775:. March 30, 1939. 5773:The New York Times 5695:The New York Times 5622:. March 30, 1939. 5620:The New York Times 5584:. March 29, 1939. 5582:The New York Times 5546:. March 26, 1939. 5544:The New York Times 5508:. March 21, 1939. 5506:The New York Times 5470:. March 21, 1939. 5468:The New York Times 5432:. March 18, 1939. 5430:The New York Times 5394:. March 15, 1939. 5392:The New York Times 5318:The New York Times 5243:The New York Times 5205:The New York Times 5167:The New York Times 5129:The New York Times 5051:The New York Times 5013:The New York Times 4975:The New York Times 4937:The New York Times 4899:The New York Times 4861:The New York Times 4672:The New York Times 4590:The New York Times 4511:The New York Times 4473:The New York Times 4363:The New York Times 4325:The New York Times 4287:The New York Times 4249:The New York Times 4211:The New York Times 4137:The New York Times 4063:The New York Times 4025:The New York Times 3987:The New York Times 3946:The New York Times 3872:The New York Times 3798:The New York Times 3674:The New York Times 3636:The New York Times 3598:The New York Times 3567:. April 13, 1925. 3565:The New York Times 3528:"Brooklyn Bus Map" 3461:The New York Times 3420:The New York Times 3208:The New York Times 3169:The New York Times 3100:The New York Times 2864:The New York Times 2755:The New York Times 2696:The New York Times 2652:The New York Times 1958:between I-278 and 1592:congestion charges 1293: 1204: 1108: 936: 881: 862:Yerba Buena Island 841:Brooklyn Navy Yard 779: 553:in Manhattan with 469: 318:Brooklyn Navy Yard 60:Other name(s) 52:Official name 32: 13306: 13305: 13301: 13300: 13221:Crossings of the 13213: 13212: 13071: 13070: 13019: 13018: 12844: 12843: 12792: 12791: 12628:Joseph P. Addabbo 12618:Greenpoint Avenue 12601:George Washington 11510:on April 22, 2015 10688:. July 23, 2018. 10003:. June 17, 1964. 9850:. July 14, 1952. 9107:. June 29, 1945. 8844:. July 20, 1947. 8778:978-0-394-48076-3 8728:. April 3, 1946. 8660:. July 26, 1945. 8356:. March 3, 1942. 7718:. April 7, 1941. 7528:. June 26, 1942. 7376:. March 2, 1942. 6749:. June 30, 1940. 6711:. June 12, 1940. 6413:. July 20, 1939. 6341:. pp. 1, 9. 6259:. July 27, 1939. 6109:. July 18, 1939. 5697:. April 5, 1939. 5320:. March 2, 1939. 4901:. July 22, 1938. 4475:. June 19, 1938. 4365:. June 29, 1936. 3422:. June 30, 1950. 3067:Untapped New York 3037:On Location Tours 2560:978-0-300-11465-2 2365: 2364: 2356:Incomplete access 2228:Battery Park City 2151:Hamilton Avenue ( 2128:Verrazzano Bridge 2112:Southern terminus 2108:Verrazzano Bridge 1946:branch along the 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1824:New York Highways 1726:Battery Park City 1718:West Side Highway 1626:Route information 1574: 1573: 916:Washington Street 819:Herbert H. Lehman 787:suspension bridge 762:Stanley M. Isaacs 717:West Side Highway 668:system via a new 650:Raymond Ingersoll 458:West Side Highway 446:movie franchise. 408:artillery battery 251: 250: 161:May 25, 1950 13366: 13297: 13291: 13270: 13264: 13253: 13247: 13232: 13217: 13216: 13194: 13113: 13107: 13106:Auxiliary routes 13098: 13091: 13084: 13075: 13074: 12981:Lexington Avenue 12976:Joralemon Street 12956:Cranberry Street 12855: 12854: 12801: 12800: 12698:Roosevelt Island 12576:Bronx–Whitestone 12546: 12545: 12524: 12517: 12510: 12501: 12500: 12492:—from the MTA's 12458: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12405: 12399: 12398: 12396: 12394: 12366: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12355: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12316: 12288: 12282: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12252: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12236: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12169: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12158: 12130: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12119: 12113: 12106: 12092: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12081: 12053: 12047: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12036: 12029: 12015: 12009: 12008: 12005:Gulf Oil Company 11997: 11991: 11990: 11979: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11956: 11947: 11945: 11943: 11933: 11924: 11915: 11914: 11912: 11910: 11904: 11897: 11889:(January 2017). 11883: 11874: 11873: 11871: 11869: 11841: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11802: 11796: 11795: 11793: 11791: 11771: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11757: 11737: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11723: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11697: 11682: 11676: 11675: 11673: 11671: 11656: 11650: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11639: 11628: 11620: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11609: 11582: 11576: 11575: 11573: 11571: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11457: 11449: 11447: 11445: 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11403: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11389: 11378:The Journal-News 11370: 11361: 11360: 11354: 11346: 11344: 11342: 11322: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11289: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11256: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11231:The Journal-News 11227:"Commuter Alert" 11223: 11214: 11213: 11211: 11209: 11189: 11180: 11179: 11177: 11175: 11155: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11122: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11108: 11088: 11079: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11055: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11021: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11007: 10988: 10979: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10954: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10929: 10923: 10909: 10903: 10888: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10877: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10847: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10797: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10783: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10742:"Car Toll Rates" 10738: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10727: 10708: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10697: 10678: 10672: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10661: 10650: 10642: 10636: 10635: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10606: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10575: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10545: 10521: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10450: 10444: 10443: 10441: 10439: 10411: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10397: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10358: 10330: 10324: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10291: 10285: 10284: 10282: 10280: 10252: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10179: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10156:on March 4, 2016 10152:. Archived from 10135: 10126: 10125: 10123: 10121: 10093: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10079: 10065: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10051: 10031: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10020: 9993: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9812:. May 29, 1954. 9802: 9796: 9795: 9789: 9787: 9766: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9715: 9713: 9692: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9681: 9653: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9611: 9600: 9599: 9593: 9591: 9570: 9564: 9563: 9557: 9555: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9521: 9519: 9498: 9492: 9491: 9485: 9483: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9426: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9310: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9234: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9214:. May 26, 1949. 9204: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9020: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9009: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8944: 8938: 8937: 8931: 8929: 8908: 8902: 8901: 8895: 8893: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8821: 8819: 8797: 8791: 8790: 8759: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8698:. May 19, 2010. 8688: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8637: 8635: 8614: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8573: 8564: 8563: 8557: 8555: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8496: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8458: 8452: 8451: 8445: 8443: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8333: 8331: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8297: 8295: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8261: 8259: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8172:. May 28, 1941. 8162: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8048: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7997: 7995: 7974: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7896: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7845: 7843: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7784: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7680:. May 13, 1941. 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7277: 7275: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7165: 7163: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7019: 6992: 6983: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6930: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6881: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6853:. July 9, 1940. 6843: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6823:. May 10, 1940. 6813: 6807: 6806: 6800: 6798: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6673:. May 23, 1940. 6663: 6657: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6576: 6574: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6352: 6350: 6328: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6236: 6234: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6176: 6167: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6086: 6084: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6034:. May 26, 1939. 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5996:. May 19, 1939. 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5728: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5297: 5295: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5121: 5112: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4863:. June 4, 1938. 4853: 4847: 4846: 4840: 4838: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4781: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4763: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4705: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4650: 4648: 4627: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4582: 4571: 4570: 4564: 4562: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4416: 4414: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4327:. June 6, 1936. 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3979: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3851: 3849: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3800:. May 16, 1930. 3790: 3784: 3783: 3777: 3775: 3754: 3737: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3536: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3503: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3412: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3372: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3293:. June 8, 2015. 3283: 3272: 3271: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3092: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3016: 3014: 2993: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2855: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2819: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2747: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2687: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2643: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2604: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2537: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2511: 2505:. June 8, 2015. 2494: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2459: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2439: 2432: 2424: 2403: 2402: 2401: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2358: 2352: 2347: 2341: 2336: 2330: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2022: 2021: 1948:Manhattan Bridge 1889: 1885: 1884: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1861: 1860: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1688: 1687: 1657: 1616: 1607: 1606: 1310: 1296: 1292: 1289:Historical tolls 1234: 1233: 1224: 1223: 1178:cellular service 1174:Verizon Wireless 795:Robert F. Wagner 705: 691: 595: 581: 559:Governors Island 543:Manhattan Bridge 388:Queensway tunnel 384:Governors Island 302:Governors Island 234:Tunnel clearance 221: 171: 169: 164: 137: 136: 135: 130: 129: 117: 116: 114: 113: 112: 107: 103: 100: 99: 98: 95: 42: 35: 31: 13374: 13373: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13365: 13364: 13363: 13309: 13308: 13307: 13302: 13292: 13286: 13283:New York Harbor 13280: 13276: 13265: 13259: 13242: 13238: 13225: 13214: 13209: 13195: 13186: 13115: 13111: 13105: 13102: 13072: 13067: 13015: 12986:Montague Street 12909: 12850: 12840: 12797:Pedestrian only 12788: 12747: 12537: 12528: 12478:Popular Science 12469: 12466: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12443: 12439: 12434: 12433: 12423: 12421: 12406: 12402: 12392: 12390: 12367: 12363: 12353: 12351: 12328: 12324: 12314: 12312: 12289: 12285: 12275: 12273: 12254: 12253: 12244: 12234: 12232: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12170: 12166: 12156: 12154: 12131: 12127: 12117: 12115: 12111: 12104: 12093: 12089: 12079: 12077: 12054: 12050: 12040: 12038: 12034: 12027: 12016: 12012: 11999: 11998: 11994: 11981: 11980: 11976: 11964: 11962: 11954: 11950: 11941: 11939: 11931: 11927: 11925: 11918: 11908: 11906: 11902: 11895: 11884: 11877: 11867: 11865: 11842: 11838: 11828: 11826: 11803: 11799: 11789: 11787: 11772: 11765: 11755: 11753: 11738: 11731: 11721: 11719: 11709: 11705: 11695: 11693: 11683: 11679: 11669: 11667: 11657: 11653: 11643: 11641: 11637: 11626: 11622: 11621: 11617: 11607: 11605: 11584: 11583: 11579: 11569: 11567: 11558: 11557: 11553: 11543: 11541: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11502: 11501: 11497: 11487: 11485: 11472: 11471: 11467: 11451: 11450: 11443: 11441: 11436: 11435: 11431: 11421: 11419: 11404: 11397: 11387: 11385: 11372: 11371: 11364: 11348: 11347: 11340: 11338: 11323: 11316: 11306: 11304: 11291: 11290: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11258: 11257: 11250: 11240: 11238: 11225: 11224: 11217: 11207: 11205: 11190: 11183: 11173: 11171: 11156: 11149: 11139: 11137: 11124: 11123: 11116: 11106: 11104: 11089: 11082: 11072: 11070: 11057: 11056: 11049: 11039: 11037: 11022: 11015: 11005: 11003: 10990: 10989: 10982: 10972: 10970: 10955: 10948: 10938: 10936: 10921: 10913:McCusker, J. J. 10901: 10893:McCusker, J. J. 10889: 10885: 10875: 10873: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10845: 10843: 10828: 10824: 10814: 10812: 10799: 10798: 10791: 10781: 10779: 10766: 10765: 10761: 10751: 10749: 10740: 10739: 10735: 10725: 10723: 10710: 10709: 10705: 10695: 10693: 10680: 10679: 10675: 10665: 10663: 10659: 10648: 10644: 10643: 10639: 10618: 10614: 10604: 10602: 10587: 10583: 10573: 10571: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10543: 10541: 10522: 10515: 10505: 10503: 10482: 10481: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10452: 10451: 10447: 10437: 10435: 10412: 10405: 10395: 10393: 10370: 10366: 10356: 10354: 10331: 10327: 10317: 10315: 10292: 10288: 10278: 10276: 10253: 10246: 10236: 10234: 10211: 10207: 10197: 10195: 10180: 10169: 10159: 10157: 10145:thevillager.com 10136: 10129: 10119: 10117: 10094: 10087: 10077: 10075: 10066: 10059: 10049: 10047: 10032: 10028: 10018: 10016: 9995: 9994: 9990: 9980: 9978: 9957: 9956: 9952: 9942: 9940: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9842: 9841: 9837: 9827: 9825: 9804: 9803: 9799: 9785: 9783: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9711: 9709: 9694: 9693: 9689: 9679: 9677: 9654: 9647: 9637: 9635: 9612: 9603: 9589: 9587: 9572: 9571: 9567: 9553: 9551: 9536: 9535: 9531: 9517: 9515: 9500: 9499: 9495: 9481: 9479: 9464: 9463: 9459: 9445: 9443: 9428: 9427: 9423: 9413: 9411: 9388: 9384: 9374: 9372: 9349: 9345: 9335: 9333: 9312: 9311: 9307: 9297: 9295: 9274: 9273: 9269: 9259: 9257: 9236: 9235: 9231: 9221: 9219: 9206: 9205: 9201: 9191: 9189: 9174: 9170: 9160: 9158: 9137: 9136: 9132: 9122: 9120: 9099: 9098: 9094: 9084: 9082: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9046: 9044: 9021: 9017: 9007: 9005: 8984: 8983: 8979: 8969: 8967: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8927: 8925: 8910: 8909: 8905: 8891: 8889: 8874: 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8836: 8835: 8831: 8817: 8815: 8798: 8794: 8779: 8760: 8753: 8743: 8741: 8720: 8719: 8715: 8705: 8703: 8690: 8689: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8633: 8631: 8616: 8615: 8608: 8598: 8596: 8575: 8574: 8567: 8553: 8551: 8536: 8535: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8498: 8497: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8460: 8459: 8455: 8441: 8439: 8424: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8407: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8329: 8327: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8293: 8291: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8257: 8255: 8240: 8239: 8235: 8225: 8223: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8185: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8126: 8125: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8071: 8050: 8049: 8045: 8035: 8033: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7993: 7991: 7976: 7975: 7971: 7961: 7959: 7936: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7897: 7893: 7883: 7881: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7841: 7839: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7809: 7807: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7771: 7769: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7710: 7709: 7705: 7695: 7693: 7672: 7671: 7667: 7657: 7655: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7619: 7617: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7581: 7579: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7505: 7503: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7467: 7465: 7452:. May 3, 1941. 7444: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7427: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7391: 7389: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7315: 7313: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7273: 7271: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7239: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7203: 7201: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7161: 7159: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7087: 7085: 7070: 7069: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7032: 7031: 7027: 7017: 7015: 6994: 6993: 6986: 6972: 6970: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6943: 6921: 6917: 6907: 6905: 6882: 6878: 6868: 6866: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6830: 6828: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6796: 6794: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6764: 6762: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6703: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6686: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6646: 6644: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6572: 6570: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6498: 6496: 6481: 6480: 6476: 6466: 6464: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6348: 6346: 6329: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6232: 6230: 6213: 6209: 6195: 6193: 6178: 6177: 6170: 6156: 6154: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6082: 6080: 6063: 6059: 6049: 6047: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5956: 5952: 5942: 5940: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5790: 5788: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5748: 5746: 5729: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5670: 5668: 5651: 5647: 5637: 5635: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5599: 5597: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5523: 5521: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5409: 5407: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5367: 5365: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5293: 5291: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5258: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5123: 5122: 5115: 5101: 5099: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4836: 4834: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4800: 4798: 4783: 4782: 4775: 4761: 4759: 4742: 4738: 4724: 4722: 4707: 4706: 4699: 4689: 4687: 4664: 4660: 4646: 4644: 4629: 4628: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4584: 4583: 4574: 4560: 4558: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4448: 4446: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4412: 4410: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4380: 4378: 4357: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4289:. May 9, 1936. 4281: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4186: 4184: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4112: 4110: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3981: 3980: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3921: 3919: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3847: 3845: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3773: 3771: 3756: 3755: 3740: 3726: 3724: 3709: 3708: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3592: 3591: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3455: 3454: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3387: 3385: 3373: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3285: 3284: 3275: 3263: 3262: 3253: 3252: 3245: 3243: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3161: 3157: 3147: 3145: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3094: 3093: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3012: 3010: 2995: 2994: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2962: 2961: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2935:governor.ny.gov 2929: 2928: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2881: 2879: 2856: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2820: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2688: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2644: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2606: 2605: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2553:. p. 869. 2538: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2399: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2361: 2354: 2350: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2260: 2210: 2205: 2190:Atlantic Avenue 2180: 2178: 2174: 2172: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2020: 1925:Lower Manhattan 1905: 1904: 1903: 1882: 1880: 1867: 1865: 1709: 1704: 1685: 1676:Major junctions 1670:hazardous goods 1621: 1620: 1617: 1605: 1585: 1579: 1577:Congestion toll 1291: 1263: 1231: 1229: 1221: 1219: 1212:Hurricane Sandy 1146: 1112:William O'Dwyer 1100: 1014: 950:Bethlehem Steel 928: 920:Atlantic Avenue 870: 771: 769:Bridge proposal 745:Harold L. Ickes 713: 712: 711: 710: 709: 706: 697: 696: 695: 692: 670:Gowanus Parkway 603: 602: 601: 600: 599: 596: 587: 586: 585: 582: 547:Brooklyn Bridge 539:Lower Manhattan 523: 518: 494:MTA Bus Company 474: 435: 360: 167: 165: 162: 133: 131: 127: 125: 110: 108: 104: 101: 96: 93: 91: 89: 88: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13372: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13304: 13303: 13299: 13298: 13271: 13254: 13230: 13227: 13226: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13189: 13187: 13185: 13184: 13183: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13155: 13154: 13153: 13141: 13140: 13139: 13134: 13120: 13117: 13116: 13101: 13100: 13093: 13086: 13078: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13063: 13056:Port Authority 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13027: 13025: 13021: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13013: 13008: 13003: 13001:Rutgers Street 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12917: 12915: 12911: 12910: 12908: 12907: 12902: 12900:Spuyten Duyvil 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12861: 12859: 12852: 12846: 12845: 12842: 12841: 12839: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12807: 12805: 12798: 12794: 12793: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12786: 12781: 12779:Queens–Midtown 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12755: 12753: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12658:Marine Parkway 12655: 12650: 12645: 12643:Madison Avenue 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12581:Carroll Street 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12552: 12550: 12543: 12539: 12538: 12527: 12526: 12519: 12512: 12504: 12498: 12497: 12487: 12481: 12442: 12441: 12440: 12438: 12437:External links 12435: 12432: 12431: 12400: 12361: 12322: 12283: 12242: 12203: 12164: 12125: 12087: 12048: 12010: 11992: 11974: 11972: 11971: 11916: 11875: 11836: 11797: 11763: 11729: 11703: 11677: 11651: 11615: 11577: 11551: 11521: 11495: 11465: 11429: 11395: 11362: 11314: 11281: 11248: 11215: 11181: 11147: 11114: 11080: 11047: 11013: 10980: 10946: 10930:1800–present: 10883: 10853: 10822: 10789: 10759: 10733: 10703: 10673: 10637: 10612: 10581: 10551: 10513: 10475: 10445: 10403: 10364: 10325: 10286: 10244: 10205: 10167: 10127: 10085: 10057: 10026: 9988: 9950: 9911: 9873: 9835: 9797: 9792:Newspapers.com 9761: 9723: 9718:Newspapers.com 9687: 9645: 9601: 9596:Newspapers.com 9565: 9560:Newspapers.com 9529: 9524:Newspapers.com 9493: 9488:Newspapers.com 9457: 9452:Newspapers.com 9421: 9382: 9343: 9305: 9267: 9229: 9199: 9168: 9130: 9092: 9054: 9015: 8977: 8939: 8934:Newspapers.com 8903: 8898:Newspapers.com 8867: 8829: 8824:Newspapers.com 8810:. p. 23. 8792: 8777: 8751: 8713: 8683: 8645: 8640:Newspapers.com 8606: 8565: 8560:Newspapers.com 8529: 8491: 8453: 8448:Newspapers.com 8417: 8379: 8341: 8336:Newspapers.com 8305: 8300:Newspapers.com 8269: 8264:Newspapers.com 8233: 8195: 8157: 8119: 8081: 8043: 8005: 8000:Newspapers.com 7969: 7930: 7891: 7853: 7848:Newspapers.com 7817: 7779: 7741: 7703: 7665: 7627: 7589: 7551: 7513: 7475: 7437: 7399: 7361: 7323: 7285: 7280:Newspapers.com 7249: 7211: 7173: 7168:Newspapers.com 7137: 7099: 7094:Newspapers.com 7063: 7025: 6984: 6979:Newspapers.com 6948: 6941: 6915: 6876: 6838: 6808: 6803:Newspapers.com 6772: 6734: 6696: 6658: 6653:Newspapers.com 6622: 6584: 6579:Newspapers.com 6548: 6510: 6505:Newspapers.com 6474: 6436: 6398: 6360: 6355:Newspapers.com 6320: 6282: 6244: 6239:Newspapers.com 6225:. p. 11. 6207: 6202:Newspapers.com 6168: 6163:Newspapers.com 6132: 6094: 6089:Newspapers.com 6057: 6019: 5981: 5950: 5912: 5874: 5836: 5798: 5760: 5755:Newspapers.com 5741:. p. 10. 5720: 5682: 5677:Newspapers.com 5645: 5607: 5569: 5531: 5493: 5455: 5417: 5379: 5374:newspapers.com 5343: 5305: 5300:Newspapers.com 5286:. p. 15. 5268: 5230: 5192: 5154: 5113: 5108:Newspapers.com 5076: 5038: 5000: 4962: 4924: 4886: 4848: 4843:Newspapers.com 4812: 4807:Newspapers.com 4773: 4768:Newspapers.com 4754:. p. 15. 4736: 4731:Newspapers.com 4697: 4658: 4653:Newspapers.com 4615: 4572: 4567:Newspapers.com 4536: 4498: 4460: 4455:Newspapers.com 4424: 4419:Newspapers.com 4388: 4350: 4312: 4274: 4236: 4198: 4193:Newspapers.com 4162: 4124: 4119:Newspapers.com 4088: 4050: 4012: 3971: 3933: 3928:Newspapers.com 3897: 3859: 3854:Newspapers.com 3823: 3785: 3780:newspapers.com 3738: 3733:Newspapers.com 3699: 3661: 3623: 3582: 3552: 3541:. October 2020 3519: 3508:. January 2020 3486: 3445: 3404: 3400:MeasuringWorth 3394:United States 3382:MeasuringWorth 3308: 3273: 3225: 3194: 3155: 3125: 3084: 3054: 3024: 3019:Newspapers.com 2985: 2952: 2919: 2889: 2847: 2811: 2794:New York Times 2780: 2739: 2713: 2677: 2633: 2596: 2566: 2559: 2543:, ed. (2010). 2523: 2481: 2451: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2395: 2383: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2348: 2337: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2313: 2303:Lincoln Tunnel 2299:Holland Tunnel 2258: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2110: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2019: 2016: 1995:Lincoln Tunnel 1987:Holland Tunnel 1900: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1877: 1875: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1781: 1780: 1779:Highway system 1776: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1701: 1700:North end 1697: 1696: 1682: 1681:South end 1678: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1631:Maintained by 1628: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1619:Interstate 478 1618: 1611: 1610: 1604: 1603:Interstate 478 1601: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1529:$ 10.13–10.57 1527: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1290: 1287: 1262: 1259: 1162:Interstate 478 1145: 1142: 1133:Brooklyn Eagle 1116:Brooklyn Eagle 1099: 1096: 1086:Brooklyn Eagle 1013: 1010: 972:Castle Clinton 945:groundbreaking 927: 924: 869: 866: 815:Castle Clinton 770: 767: 753:Jesse H. Jones 707: 700: 699: 698: 693: 686: 685: 684: 683: 682: 597: 590: 589: 588: 583: 576: 575: 574: 573: 572: 563:James J. Byrne 522: 519: 517: 514: 473: 472:Transportation 470: 434: 431: 359: 356: 280:that connects 263:Battery Tunnel 249: 248: 245: 244: 240: 239: 236: 230: 229: 226: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 203: 202: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 159: 155: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 123: 119: 118: 86: 80: 79: 69: 65: 64: 63:Battery Tunnel 61: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 44: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13371: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13316: 13314: 13296: 13290: 13284: 13279: 13275: 13269: 13263: 13258: 13252: 13246: 13241: 13237: 13233: 13228: 13224: 13218: 13205: 13202: 13201: 13198: 13193: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13162: 13161: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13147: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13129: 13128: 13126: 13122: 13121: 13118: 13114: 13112:Interstate 78 13108: 13099: 13094: 13092: 13087: 13085: 13080: 13079: 13076: 13062: 13059: 13058: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13022: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12918: 12916: 12912: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12895:South Channel 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12856: 12853: 12847: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12808: 12806: 12802: 12799: 12795: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12750: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12738:Willis Avenue 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12688:Rikers Island 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12612: 12609: 12608: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12547: 12544: 12540: 12536: 12535:New York City 12532: 12525: 12520: 12518: 12513: 12511: 12506: 12505: 12502: 12495: 12491: 12488: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12479: 12474: 12471: 12470: 12465: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12447: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12404: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12365: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12326: 12310: 12306: 12302: 12298: 12294: 12287: 12271: 12267: 12263: 12259: 12258: 12251: 12249: 12247: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12214: 12207: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12168: 12152: 12148: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12129: 12110: 12103: 12102: 12097: 12091: 12075: 12071: 12067: 12063: 12059: 12052: 12033: 12026: 12025: 12020: 12014: 12006: 12002: 11996: 11988: 11984: 11978: 11960: 11953: 11949: 11948: 11937: 11930: 11923: 11921: 11901: 11894: 11893: 11888: 11882: 11880: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11847: 11840: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11801: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11770: 11768: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11736: 11734: 11718: 11717:ABC7 New York 11714: 11707: 11692: 11688: 11681: 11666: 11662: 11655: 11636: 11632: 11625: 11619: 11603: 11599: 11595: 11591: 11587: 11581: 11565: 11561: 11555: 11539: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11499: 11483: 11479: 11475: 11469: 11461: 11455: 11439: 11433: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11402: 11400: 11383: 11379: 11375: 11369: 11367: 11358: 11352: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11321: 11319: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11288: 11286: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11255: 11253: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11222: 11220: 11203: 11199: 11195: 11188: 11186: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11154: 11152: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11121: 11119: 11102: 11098: 11094: 11087: 11085: 11068: 11064: 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