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Amorphous polymers are polymers that can behave differently at different temperatures. They may behave like a glass at low temperatures (the glassy region), a rubbery solid at intermediate temperatures (the leathery or glass transition region), and a viscous liquid at higher temperatures (the rubbery
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systems. The more slip systems a metal has, the less brittle it is, because plastic deformation can occur along many of these slip systems. Conversely, with fewer slip systems, less plastic deformation can occur, and the metal will be more brittle. For example, HCP (hexagonal
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are generally brittle due to the difficulty of dislocation motion, or slip. There are few slip systems in crystalline ceramics that a dislocation is able to move along, which makes deformation difficult and makes the ceramic more brittle.
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is crack motion faster than the speed of sound in a brittle material. This phenomenon was first discovered by scientists from the
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When a material has reached the limit of its strength, it usually has the option of either deformation or fracture. A naturally
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before failure. One proof is to match the broken halves, which should fit exactly since no plastic deformation has occurred.
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can be toughened by using metal particles to initiate crazes when a sample is stressed, a good example being
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is extremely brittle at temperature 4ËšC, but experiences increased ductility with increased temperature.
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so that cracks from certain predictable sources will be forced closed. The first principle is used in
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Mechanical behaviour of engineering materials: metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites
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metal can be made stronger by impeding the mechanisms of plastic deformation (reducing
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can be sensitive to temperature changes near room temperatures. For example,
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polymer, absorbs the growing crack. The second method is used in
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Materials can be changed to become more brittle or less brittle.
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at an approximate depth of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in the
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where two sheets of glass are separated by an interlayer of
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flow and viscous flow region). This behavior is known as
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Rösler, Joachim; Harders, Harald; Bäker, Martin (2007).
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Callister Jr., William D.; Rethwisch, David G. (2015).
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251:. A demonstration of glass toughening is provided by
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504:Callister, William D.; Rethwisch, David G. (2015).
263:or HIPS. The least brittle structural ceramics are
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506:Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
440:Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
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462:Lewis, Peter Rhys; Reynolds, K; Gagg, C (2004).
30:"Brittle" redirects here. For other uses, see
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80:. Brittle materials absorb relatively little
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52:Brittle fracture in
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333:Supersonic fracture
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78:plastic deformation
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376:деформация
255:. Brittle
225:mechanisms
202:grain size
180:Toughening
508:. Wiley.
419:Toughness
394:Ductility
341:Stuttgart
318:ductilely
214:toughness
198:malleable
70:fractures
54:cast iron
383:See also
357:San Jose
306:pressure
269:zirconia
257:polymers
158:Ceramics
153:Ceramics
114:polymers
108:Polymers
86:strength
372:Russian
62:brittle
18:Brittle
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