Art of the United Kingdom

2093: 511: 1542: 1584: 966: 3559: 730: 1505: 1563: 1899: 1313: 1015: 1983: 1859: 3668: 2797: 3622: 1880: 1423: 1710: 2285: 3645: 3714: 1526: 2014: 1272: 751: 1003:(1734–1797). At the time Reynolds was considered the dominant figure, Gainsborough was very highly reputed, but Stubbs was seen as a mere painter of animals and viewed as far a less significant figure than many other painters that are today little-known or forgotten. The period saw continued rising prosperity for Britain and British artists: "By the 1780s English painters were among the wealthiest men in the country, their names familiar to newspaper readers, their quarrels and cabals the talk of the town, their subjects known to everyone from the displays in the print-shop windows", according to 1068:. While Reynolds' practice of aristocratic portraits seem exactly matched to his talents, Gainsborough, if not forced to follow the market for his work, might well have developed as a pure landscape painter, or a portraitist in the informal style of many of his portraits of his family. He continued to paint pure landscapes, largely for pleasure until his later years; full recognition of his landscapes came only in the 20th century. His main influences were French in his portraits and Dutch in his landscapes, rather than Italian, and he is famous for the brilliant light touch of his brushwork. 1463: 1484: 1605: 2213: 30: 1630: 3497: 3582: 1920: 2401: 413:, born in Brussels to Spanish parents, had died just before the Union took place, and was one of the last batch of Scottish knights to be created. Medina had first worked in London, but in mid-career moved to the less competitive environment of Edinburgh, where he dominated portraiture of the Scottish elite. However, after the Union the movement was to be all in the other direction, and Scottish aristocrats resigned themselves to paying more to have their portraits painted in London, even if by Scottish painters such as Medina's pupil 3540: 178: 47: 3516: 690: 794: 709: 1693: 1096: 3601: 1160: 1817: 1838: 1962: 1442: 6731: 384: 944: 589: 1941: 772: 3691: 2637: 3221: 1400:(1727?–1786) had varied styles and have achieved the lasting fame they have mainly as the authors of pattern books used by other makers in Britain and abroad. In fact it is far from clear if the last two named ever ran actual workshops, though Chippendale certainly was successful in this and in what we now call interior design; unlike France Britain had abandoned its 1680:(1775–1851), the later two being arguably the most internationally influential of all British artists. Turner's style, based on the Italianate tradition although he never saw Italy until in his forties, passed through considerable changes before his final wild, almost abstract, landscapes that explored the effects of light, and were a profound influence on the 2463:, a friend of the Rossettis, painted historical scenes and other types of work, but was also one of the few artists to depict scenes from heavy industry. His memoirs are a useful source for the period, and he was one of several artists to be employed for a period in the greatly expanded system of government art schools, which were driven by the administrator 3240:(1951-52), Freud put the pictorial language of traditional European painting in the service of an anti-romantic, confrontational style of portraiture that stripped bare the sitter’s social facade. Ordinary people — many of them his friends — stared wide-eyed from the canvas, vulnerable to the artist’s ruthless inspection." In 1952 at the 26th 2613:. Ruskin accused Whistler of "ask two hundred guineas for throwing a pot of paint in the public's face." The jury reached a verdict in favor of Whistler but awarded him only a single farthing in nominal damages, and the court costs were split. The cost of the case, together with huge debts from building his residence ("The White House" in 1337:. The emphasis on portrait-painting in British art was not entirely due to the vanity of the sitters. There was a large collector's market for portrait prints, mostly reproductions of paintings, which were often mounted in albums. From the mid-century there was a great growth in the expensive but more effective reproductions in 1684:

and other later movements. Constable normally painted pure landscapes with at most a few genre figures, in a style based on Northern European traditions, but, like Turner, his "six-footers" were intended to make as striking an impact as any history painting. They were carefully prepared using studies

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left the details of the narrative action deliberately ambiguous, inviting the viewer to speculate on it using the evidence in front of them, but not supplying a final answer (artists learned to smile enigmatically when asked). This sometimes provoked discussion on sensitive social issues, typically

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in the 1820s, producing intense and lyrical pastoral idylls in conditions of some poverty. They went on to more conventional artistic careers and Palmer's early work was entirely forgotten until the early 20th century. Blake and Palmer became a significant influence on modernist artists of the 20th

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returned to London from seven years in Italy in 1757, and over the next two decades developed a "sublime" landscape style adapting the Franco-Italian tradition of Claude and Gaspard Dughet to British subjects. Though much admired, like those of Gainsborough his landscapes were hard to sell, and he

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following in 1767. Most were started as small concerns, with some lasting only a few decades while others still survive today. By the end of the period British porcelain services were being commissioned by foreign royalty and the British manufacturers were especially adept at pursuing the rapidly

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Victorian painting developed the Hogarthian social subject, packed with moralizing detail, and the tradition of illustrating scenes from literature, into a range of types of genre painting, many with only a few figures, others large and crowded scenes like Frith's best-known works. Holman Hunt's

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in the grand manner continued to be the most prestigious form of art, though not the easiest to sell, and Reynolds made several attempts at it, as unsuccessful as Hogarth's. The unheroic nature of modern dress was seen as a major obstacle in the depiction of contemporary scenes, and the Scottish

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was a great presence in the second quarter of the century, whose art was successful in achieving a particular English character, with vividly moralistic scenes of contemporary life, full of both satire and pathos, attuned to the tastes and prejudices of the Protestant middle-class, who bought the

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and monumental sculpture for churches, though the other countries were now essentially provincial, and in the 15th century Britain struggled to keep up with developments in painting on the Continent. A few examples of top-quality English painting on walls or panel from before 1500 have survived,

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Reynolds returned from a long visit to Italy in 1753, and very quickly established a reputation as the most fashionable London portraitist, and before long as a formidable figure in society;, the public leader of the arts in Britain. He had studied both classical and modern Italian art, and his

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in bringing a more relaxed version of "Grand Manner" to British portraiture, combined with very sensitive handling in his best work, which is generally agreed to have been of female sitters. His main London rival in the mid-century, until Reynolds made his reputation, was Reynold's master, the

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The training of artists, which had long been neglected, began to improve in the 18th century through private and government initiatives, and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Public exhibitions and the later opening of museums brought art to a wider public, especially in London. In the 19th

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was an essential platform, reviewed at huge length in the press, which often alternated ridicule and extravagant praise in discussing works. The ultimate, and very rare, accolade was when a rail had to be put in front of a painting to protect it from the eager crowd; up to 1874 this had only

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was the most thorough-going neo-classical English artist. Beginning as a sculptor, he became best known for his many spare "outline drawings" of classical scenes, often illustrating literature, which were reproduced as prints. These imitated the effects of the classical-style reliefs he also

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from 1781, painting her about sixty times in more extravagant poses. His work was especially sought-after by American collectors in the early 20th century and many are now in American museums. By the end of the period this generation had been succeeded by younger portraitists including

667:, which he used in some pure landscape paintings, as well as views of country houses and equine subjects. This introduced an alternative to the various Dutch and Flemish artists who had previously set the prevailing landscape style in Britain, and through intermediary artists such as 7834: 2066:. Morris advocated a return to hand-craftsmanship in the decorative arts over the industrial manufacture that was rapidly being applied to all crafts. His efforts to make beautiful objects affordable (or even free) for everyone led to his wallpaper and tile designs defining the 1300:

played an increasing role in British art. Training in art was considered a useful skill in the military for sketch maps and plans, and many British officers made the first Western images, often in watercolour, of scenes and places around the world. In India, the

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conducted a far less ostentatious court, and largely withdrew from patronage of the arts, other than the necessary portraits. Fortunately, the booming British economy was able to supply aristocratic and mercantile wealth to replace the court, above all in London.

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also became prominent in about 1770 and was active until 1799, though with a falling-off in his last years. His portraits are mostly characterful but flattering images of dignified society figures, but he developed an obsession with the flighty young

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versions of his paintings in huge numbers. Other subjects were only issued as prints, and Hogarth was both the first significant British printmaker, and still the best known. Many works were series of four or more scenes, of which the best known are:

562:, more closely aware of Continental art than most British painting, and apparently his ability to quickly absorb lessons from other painters, meant that he was more aware of, and made more use of, Continental art than most of his contemporaries. 1119:

by adding a few small figures, which doubled their price to about £80. He continued to paint scenes set in Italy, as well as England and Wales, and his death in 1782 came just as large numbers of artists began to travel to Wales, and later the

573:, but his few attempts were not successful and are now little regarded. His portraits were mostly of middle-class sitters shown with an apparent realism that reflected both sympathy and flattery, and included some in the fashionable form of the 1184:

preferred classical scenes as well as painting some based on his Eastern travels, where his European figures by-passed the problem by wearing Arab dress. He spent most of his adult life based in Rome and had at least as much influence on

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There was a recognition that, even more than the rest of Europe given the lack of British artists, the training of artists needed to be extended beyond the workshop of established masters, and various attempts were made to set up

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The enormous variety and massive production of the various forms of British decorative art during the period are too complex to be easily summarized. Victorian taste, until the various movements of the last decades, such as

2737:, and South Africa "embarked upon a search for distinctive artistic expression appropriate to their sense of national identity". The empire has been "at the centre, rather than in the margins, of the history of British art". 2320:

points out, these were paintings designed to be read like novels, whose meaning emerged after the viewer had done the work of deciphering it. Other "anecdotal" scenes were lighter in mood, tending towards being captionless

1341:, of portraits and other paintings, with special demand from collectors for early proof states "before letter" (that is, before the inscriptions were added), which the printmakers obligingly printed off in growing numbers. 3558: 2757:, who expanded into designing furniture, metalwork, tiles and objects in other media. There was an enormous boom in re-Gothicising the fittings of medieval churches, and fitting out new ones in the style, especially with 2089:, and their subject matter was thoroughly in tune with Victorian taste, and indeed "everything that the publishers of steel engravings welcomed", enabling them to merge easily into the mainstream in their later careers. 1011:

compositions discreetly re-use models seen on his travels. He could convey a wide range of moods and emotions, whether heroic military men or very young women, and often to unite background and figure in a dramatic way.

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in 1768, which immediately became both the most important exhibiting organization and the most important school in London. Reynolds was its first President, holding the office until his death in 1792. His published

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painted highly detailed scenes of social life, typically including all classes of society, that include comic and moral elements and have an acknowledged debt to Hogarth, though tellingly different from his work.

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among others. Although very fashionable at the time, their work in the visual arts looks less impressive today. British modernism was to remain somewhat tentative until after World War II, though figures such as

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have been created in many locations around the world. Using natural found materials they are often very ephemeral, and are recorded in photographs of which several collections in book form have been published.

2502:, and the Pre-Raphaelites had most of their submissions for exhibition accepted, although like everyone else they complained about the positions their paintings were given. They were especially welcomed at the 1055:

After the academy was established, Reynolds' portraits became more overly classicizing, and often more distant, until in the late 1770s he returned to a more intimate style, perhaps influenced by the success of

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Larger paintings concerned with the social conditions of the poor tended to concentrate on rural scenes, so that the misery of the human figures was at least offset by a landscape. Painters of these included

2193:(see below). A great number of artists laboured year after year in the hope of a hit there, often working in manners to which their talent was not really suited, a trope exemplified by the suicide in 1846 of 237:, and a number of bronze mirror-backs decorated with intricate patterns of curves, spirals and trumpet-shapes. Only in the British Isles can Celtic decorative style be seen to have survived throughout the 1689:, whereas Turner was notorious for finishing his exhibition pieces when they were already hanging for show, freely adjusting them to dominate the surrounding works in the tightly packed hangs of the day. 609:

set up their own academy in 1720. This did not last long, and in 1724/5 Thornhill tried again in his own house, with little success. Hogarth inherited the equipment for this, and used it to start the

3784:. The Tate gallery and eventually the Royal Academy also gave them exposure. The influence of Saatchi's generous and wide-ranging patronage was to become a matter of some controversy, as was that of 1541: 7308: 5306: 5245: 4130:

Waterhouse, 131–133. The "objections" included that it was a dark night, the boat was small, the king not smartly dressed, and many of the nobles who accompanied him were by then out of favour.

1048:, first delivered to the students, were regarded as the first major writing on art in English, and set out the aspiration for a style to match the classical grandeur of classical sculpture and 5099: 7390: 7110: 1898: 483:

as it was in fact and in the modern way and dress" and painted a conventional Baroque glorification. Like Hogarth, he played the nationalist card in promoting himself, and eventually beat

409:, whose style he had adopted for his enormous and formulaic output, of greatly varying quality, which was itself repeated by an army of lesser painters. His counterpart in Edinburgh, Sir 2855:

was initially regarded by "many conservative critics" as a "subversive foreign influence", but became "fully assimilated" into British art during the early-20th century. The Irish artist

729: 3826:, which had not provoked this reaction in London. While the press reported that the piece was smeared with elephant dung, although Ofili's work in fact showed a carefully rendered black 1982: 1583: 479:

was to pursue, but this is largely overridden in the finished works, and for Greenwich he took to heart his careful list of "Objections that will arise from the plain representation of

134:. The Victorian period saw a great diversity of art, and a far bigger quantity created than before. Much Victorian art is now out of critical favour, with interest concentrated on the 2811:

In many respects, the Victorian era continued until the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and the Royal Academy became increasingly ossified; the unmistakably late Victorian figure of

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was an ambitious project for paintings, and prints after them, illustrating "the Bard", as he had now become, while exposing the limitations of contemporary English history painting.

3781: 1032: 601:, starting with Kneller in 1711, with the help of Pellegrini, in Great Queen Street. The academy was taken over by Thornhill in 1716, but seems to have become inactive by the time 2121:. In the later part of the century artists could earn large sums from selling the reproduction rights of their paintings to print publishers, and works of Landseer, especially his 2038:

subjects executed in a colourful and minutely detailed style, rejecting the loose painterly brushwork of the tradition represented by "Sir Sloshua" Reynolds. PRB artists included

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founded in 1743, a private enterprise which sought to compete with Continental factories mostly established by rulers. Roubiliac's style formed that of the leading native sculptor

3745:, founded in 1984 and organized by the Tate, has developed as a highly publicized showcase for contemporary British art. Among the beneficiaries have been several members of the 1773:

was already a leading portraitist by the start of the 20th century, and able to give a Romantic dash to his portraits of high society, and the leaders of Europe gathered at the

3667: 499:, had died in 1707 and 1721 respectively, Thornhill had the field to himself, although by the end of his life commissions for grand schemes had dried up from changes in taste. 3268:

created a large body of abstract paintings during the 1950s that synthesize and reflect his interest in mythology and zen. Abstract art became prominent during the 1950s with

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involving women, that might have been hard to raise directly. They were enormously popular; newspapers ran competitions for readers to supply the meaning of the painting.

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Unlike in France and Germany, the English adoption of the Rococo style was patchy rather than whole-hearted, and there was resistance to it on nationalist grounds, led by

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of works from the Saatchi Collection was controversial in both the UK and the US, though in different ways. At the Royal Academy press-generated controversy centred on

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style which was highly effective in busts and small figures, though by the following decade he was also commissioned for larger works. He also produced models for the

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if horses were involved. Munnings was President of the Royal Academy 1944–1949 and led a jeering hostility to Modernism. The photographers of the period include

2092: 7178: 3842:, who had seen the work in the catalogue but not in the show, called it "sick stuff" and threatened to withdraw the annual $ 7 million City Hall grant from the 1858: 9353: 9205: 7206: 2393:, divided his time between scenes of high society social events and a huge series of Biblical illustrations, made in watercolour for reproductive publication. 1785:

was the most significant portraitist since the Union to remain based in Edinburgh throughout his career, an indication of increasing Scottish prosperity. But

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are associated with those movements, with late Burne-Jones and Beardsley both being admired abroad and representing the nearest British approach to European

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There was an alternative, more direct, tradition in British portraiture to that of Lely and Kneller, tracing back to William Dobson and the German or Dutch

8974: 3644: 1795: 9275: 8979: 7697: 7662: 7652: 4930: 3741:, has been said to be "characterised by a fundamental concern with material culture ... perceived as a post-imperial cultural anxiety". The annual 2422: 876: 8861: 3515: 9448: 9386: 9007: 8155: 7707: 7228: 3726: 2277:. Painters prided themselves on the increasing accuracy of their period settings in terms of costume and objects, studying the collections of the new 1879: 332:

were the most distinguished and influential of a large number of artists who spent extended periods in Britain, generally eclipsing local talents like

253:. This had a brief but spectacular flowering in all the countries that now form the United Kingdom in the 7th and 8th centuries, in works such as the 9406: 9391: 9338: 8886: 8866: 8055: 7370: 7163: 1532: 628:

worked in Edinburgh before moving to London by 1739. He made visits of three years to Italy at the beginning and end of his career, and anticipated

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also produced work in a linear graphic style, but his narrative scenes, often from English literature, were intensely Romantic and highly dramatic.

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reached the British Isles rather late, no earlier than about 400 BC, and developed a particular "Insular Celtic" style seen in objects such as the

887:. Orders were received from as far away as the courts of Russia and Portugal, though English styles were still led by Paris. The manufacture of 10253: 9401: 9230: 7647: 7075: 2762: 1919: 3496: 750: 554:

from the mid-1740s. In fact, although he only once briefly left England and his own propaganda asserted his Englishness and often attacked the

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In the modern popular mind, English art from about 1750–1790 — today referred to as the "classical age" of English painting — was dominated by

872: 5381: 5210: 3581: 8964: 7719: 7365: 7143: 5837: 4741: 1604: 930:, in London from 1732 to 1745, was a key figure in importing Rococo taste in book illustrations and ornament prints for craftsmen to follow. 5077: 4991: 4840: 9022: 8959: 8579: 8050: 7829: 7433: 6380: 4457: 371:

both called Willem van de Velde, who had been the leading Dutch maritime painters until they moved to London in 1673, in the middle of the

2625:, 1877–8), bankrupted Whistler by May 1879, resulting in an auction of his work, collections, and house. Stansky notes the irony that the 1404:

system, and Chippendale was able to employ specialists in all the crafts needed to complete a redecoration. During the period Rococo and

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was especially associated with imported Far Eastern decorative items and British goods in the new styles of the end of the 19th century.

976: 965: 671:, the first British painter to base a career on landscape subjects, was to greatly influence other British artists such as Gainsborough. 2081:, himself a fine amateur artist. For all their technical innovation, they were both traditional and Victorian in their adherence to the 9017: 8005: 7948: 7480: 7423: 6349: 6109: 2568:

of landscapes and genre scenes adopted a quasi-Impressionist technique while others used realist or more traditional levels of finish.

2491:, which gradually replaced the Royal Academy School as the leading British art school, though around the start of the 20th century the 1441: 689: 8344: 7238: 6983: 6224: 4060: 2441: 2843:

lived in France, and her intimate portraits were relatively little appreciated until decades after her death. British attitudes to

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were enormously popular, both often featuring lightly clad beauties in exotic or classical settings, while the allegorical works of

1462: 8626: 7990: 7849: 7801: 5830: 4437: 3440: 3398:. During the 1960s another group of British artists offered a radical alternative to more conventional artmaking and they included 440:

who trained Joshua Reynolds and Joseph Wright of Derby. Richardson also trained the most notable Irish portraitist of the period,

2542:(1856–1925), spent most of his working career in Europe and he maintained his studio in London (where he died) from 1886 to 1907. 895:

in London was also a traditional Huguenot business, but from the late 1720s silk design was dominated by the surprising figure of

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was a figure in the London art scene for most of the period, and his copious notebooks were adapted and published in the 1760s by

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Strong (1978), throughout. See Appendix I for a revealing full listing of pictures shown at the RA 1769–1904, analysed by subject

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had been founded in 1754, principally to provide a location for exhibitions. In 1761 Reynolds was a leader in founding the rival

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While the Pre-Raphaelites had a turbulent and divided reception, the most popular and expensive painters of the period included

2034:(PRB) achieved considerable influence after its foundation in 1848 with paintings that concentrated on religious, literary, and 8332: 7906: 7635: 7603: 7443: 7428: 7418: 7243: 7233: 7223: 7196: 4520: 1816: 761: 95:. During the 18th century, Britain began to reclaim the leading place England had previously played in European art during the 4606:

Piper, 149; Strong (1999), 540–541; Reitlinger, 97–99, 148–151 and elsewhere; he has detail throughout on reproduction rights.

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among others. Zoffany painted portraits and conversation pieces, who also spent over two years in India, painting the English

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was the best of the native marine and townscape artists, though in the latter specialization he could not match the visiting

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especially popular sources for subjects. Many painters mentioned elsewhere painted historical subjects, including Millais (

643:, active from about 1714 to his death in 1765, was the leading sporting painter of his day, based in the capital of English 7892: 7714: 7375: 7348: 7039: 4915: 1930: 793: 2564:

bringing many exhibitions to London, the movement made little impact in England until decades later. Some members of the

10238: 8065: 8010: 7953: 7872: 7816: 7784: 7618: 7303: 7068: 6294: 3539: 1452: 1201:. The most successful history painters, who were not afraid of buttons and wigs, were both Americans settled in London: 1036: 1014: 708: 5321: 1312: 8652: 8040: 8020: 7963: 7928: 7576: 7544: 7508: 4025: 3713: 2655:

Scottish art was now regaining an adequate home market, allowing it to develop a distinctive character, of which the "

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in 1768. Hogarth also helped solve the problem of a lack of exhibition venues in London, arranging for shows at the

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hosting the show, because "You don't have a right to government subsidy for desecrating somebody else's religion."

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produced watercolours and prints satirizing British life, but mostly avoided politics. The master of the political

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produces sculptures, mostly in metal and based on the human figure, which include the 20 metres (66 ft) high

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used their art "to illustrate their knowledge and command of the natural world", whilst the permanent settlers in

8183: 8000: 7938: 7864: 7559: 7408: 7355: 7318: 7283: 7257: 7158: 6909: 2511: 2269: 2165: 2101: 1615: 368: 2251:), David Wilkie, Watts and Frith, and West, Bonington and Turner in earlier decades. The London-based Irishman 550: 9778: 9183: 8130: 7918: 7844: 7739: 7692: 7608: 7528: 7488: 7278: 7061: 6767: 6375: 6264: 5912: 3304: 2750: 2538:, opposite the Royal Academy, which also hosted many exhibitions of foreign art. The American portrait painter 2123: 771: 3690: 2776:

was an architect who also did much design work in textiles, wallpaper furniture and other media, bringing the

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Hayter became one of the most influential printmakers of the 20th century. Fashionable portraitists included

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were especially destructive of existing religious art, and the production of new work virtually ceased. The

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The reaction to the horrors of the First World War prompted a return to pastoral subjects as represented by

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was, like Mary Queen of Scots, a female whose sufferings attracted many painters, though none quite matched

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images of female genitalia from pornographic magazines; these seemed from a distance to be the traditional

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became a leading figure of British sculpture along with a younger generation of abstract artists including

2796: 2312: 1940: 740: 651:, and producing large numbers of portraits of horses and also battle scenes and conversation pieces with a 610: 6996: 1837: 1128:

which were now starting their long period of popularity in Britain, both with professionals and amateurs.

679:, who was in England from nine years from 1746, and whose Venetian views were a favourite souvenir of the 9048: 8349: 8327: 8295: 8290: 8272: 8213: 8135: 8125: 8060: 7923: 7887: 7685: 7463: 7102: 6537: 6360: 6189: 5641: 4978: 4760: 2630: 2426:. Ruskin accused Whistler of "ask two hundred guineas for throwing a pot of paint in the public's face." 2284: 1764: 1653: 1552: 1333:, sold individually by print shops (often acting as publishers also), either hand-coloured or plain, was 1237: 488: 242: 5180: 4966: 4664: 3236:"Lucien Freud and his contemporaries transformed figure painting in the 20th century. In paintings like 927: 837: 459:

allegorical decorative schemes, and the first native painter to be knighted. His best-known work is at

10148: 8831: 8409: 8310: 8150: 7027: 6734: 6446: 6229: 6042: 5922: 5707: 5648: 4919: 4015: 3792: 2773: 2765:. The revival of furniture painted with images was a particular feature at the top end of the market. 2588: 2432: 2350:

brought about a collapse in the very high prices that the most fashionable artists had been achieving.

2278: 2031: 1709: 1594: 1232: 1145: 659:, who in the 1720s sent him to Rome, where he acquired a classicising landscape style based on that of 359:

Landscape painting was as yet little developed in Britain at the time of the Union, but a tradition of

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recommended forming random ink blots into landscape compositions—even Constable tried this technique.

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were mostly imported from Europe, setting a pattern that would continue until the 18th century. The

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century publicly displayed religious art once again became popular after a virtual absence since the

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of the architecture they produced together, also beginning the influential British tradition of the

10178: 9698: 9658: 9381: 9158: 8643: 8443: 7973: 7613: 7360: 6815: 6640: 6284: 6199: 6094: 5981: 5207: 4660: 4000: 3858: 3721: 3186: 2777: 2742: 2725:, led to a very specific drive in artistic technique, taste and sensibility in the United Kingdom. 2492: 2316:(1858) are of the first type, both dealing with "fallen women", a perennial Victorian concern. As 2302: 2071: 1869: 1735: 1726:

Blake's visionary style was a minority taste in his lifetime, but influenced the younger group of "

1661: 1111: 414: 345: 325: 72: 4738: 2745:, is generally poorly regarded today, but much fine work was produced, and much money made. Both 1789:

took the traditional road south, achieving great success with subjects of country life and hybrid

1344:

This period marked one of the high points in British decorative arts. Around the mid-century many

480: 10248: 9993: 8612: 8588: 8501: 8322: 8257: 7968: 7625: 6810: 6600: 6209: 6194: 6142: 6104: 6089: 5968: 4999: 4844: 4040: 4020: 3944: 3431: 3170: 2366: 2317: 2059: 1181: 1071: 777: 634: 460: 437: 183: 3394:

were British painters who emerged at that time and who reflected the new international style of

2949:, a group of mostly English writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists, including painter 1271: 165:

was relatively small, but since World War II British artists have made a considerable impact on

10008: 9963: 9933: 9245: 9240: 9041: 8871: 8438: 7503: 6635: 6529: 6506: 6339: 6324: 6204: 6179: 6009: 5444: 4655: 3449: 3313: 3289: 3158: 3109: 3093: 3081: 2692: 2684: 2591: 2507: 2404: 2369:, a Scot who made lithographs of his travels in the Middle East and Italy, the nonsense writer 2347: 2241: 2183: 2118: 2047: 1731: 1718: 1649: 1489: 1280: 1241: 1018: 1000: 804: 672: 538: 444:

who enjoyed social and financial success in London despite his clear limitations as an artist.

341: 301: 277: 55: 3943:

in various locations; like much of his work these use curved mirror-like steel surfaces. The

2698:

New printing technology brought a great expansion in book illustration with illustrations for

1039:, where the artists had more control. This continued until 1791, despite the founding of the 10208: 8593: 8433: 8389: 8252: 7838: 6304: 6269: 6239: 6219: 6124: 6114: 5675: 4667: 4616: 4005: 3830:

decorated with a resin-covered lump of elephant dung. The figure is also surrounded by small

3746: 3738: 3564: 3525: 3502: 3481: 3407: 3375: 3359: 3031: 3007: 2999: 2910: 2730: 2629:, which had organized a collection to pay for Ruskin's legal costs, supported him in etching 2622: 2464: 2260: 2145: 1904: 1786: 1665: 1573: 1349: 1245: 1206: 1198: 1190: 1163: 1040: 896: 833: 756: 625: 418: 405:, a German portraitist who had eventually succeeded as principal court painter the Dutch Sir 372: 294: 491:

having already left in 1713. Once the other leading foreign painters of allegoric schemes,

10258: 10243: 9728: 9425: 8453: 8394: 8359: 8247: 8220: 7731: 7010: 6851: 6645: 6595: 6542: 6481: 6319: 6099: 6001: 5897: 5558: 5425: 3964: 3818: 3587: 3477: 3435: 3395: 3337: 3190: 3068:

was a group of "progressive" realists of the late 1930s, including the influential teacher

2918: 2902: 2531: 2518:, and as the conservatism of the Royal Academy gradually increased, despite the efforts of 2488: 2358: 2247: 2232: 2216: 2212: 2157: 2141: 2136:

During the late Victorian era in Britain the academic paintings, some enormously large, of

2039: 2023: 1727: 1629: 1211: 1168: 544: 429: 309: 29: 8: 10083: 10058: 10043: 9563: 8990: 8530: 8448: 8426: 8421: 8404: 8399: 8377: 8267: 8225: 6580: 6486: 6471: 6385: 6334: 5958: 5945: 5937: 5483: 3762: 3206: 3166: 3023: 2824: 2699: 2688: 2557: 2539: 2515: 2484: 2454: 2153: 2086: 2043: 1610: 1589: 1568: 1547: 1447: 1428: 1365: 1353: 1288:

Paintings recording scenes from the theatre were another subgenre, painted by the German

1115:

sometimes resorted, as Reynolds complained, to the common stratagem of turning them into

1085: 1057: 996: 949: 719: 448: 410: 389: 353: 305: 282: 258: 92: 33: 4490: 3292:

was chosen by the British Council for the British Pavilion at the XXIX Venice Biennale.

2357:, though not as common as in France at the same period, had many specialists, including 903:

who emerged at the age of 40 as a designer of largely floral patterns in Rococo styles.

475:. His drawings show a taste for strongly drawn realism in the direction his son-in-law 320:

ignored contemporary European Renaissance models to create iconic images that border on

261:. The Insular style was influential across Northern Europe, and especially so in later 10118: 10093: 10088: 9958: 9938: 9793: 9458: 9305: 8921: 8525: 8481: 8262: 8240: 8235: 8203: 8115: 7288: 6760: 6590: 6466: 6259: 6073: 5927: 5892: 5577:

Landmarks in Print Collecting: Connoisseurs and Donors at the British Museum since 1753

5462: 5192: 5060: 4035: 3903: 3862: 3627: 3411: 3232: 3069: 3065: 3042: 3034:, were living in France to find suitable subjects. They were initially inspired by Sir 2991: 2938: 2906: 2703: 2702:

providing much of the best remembered work of the period. Specialized artists included

2595: 2548:, who was French by birth but had British nationality, painted in France as one of the 2460: 2382: 2171: 2129: 2055: 2018: 2008: 1774: 1752: 1397: 1389: 1249: 1141: 1137: 648: 618: 574: 515: 398: 337: 286: 106:

Increased British prosperity at the time led to a greatly increased production of both

38: 5364: 5285: 5226: 5149: 4881: 3911:, one of the first of a number of very large public sculptures produced in the 2000s, 3316:. The International Group was the topic of a two-day, international conference at the 2400: 226: 10188: 10133: 9913: 9903: 9868: 9828: 9813: 9643: 9608: 9508: 9498: 9235: 9215: 9195: 9098: 8540: 8486: 8088: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6547: 6514: 6491: 6476: 6461: 6084: 5801: 5787: 5773: 5756: 5729: 5711: 5685: 5656: 5623: 5608: 5594: 5580: 5566: 5542: 5525: 4823: 4638: 4630: 3985: 3568: 3521: 3423: 3363: 3264:, exhibited works that demonstrated anti-monumental, expressionism. Scottish painter 3202: 3123: 3035: 2987: 2914: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2856: 2800: 2680: 2572: 2523: 2487:

and many others. Burchett was headmaster of the "South Kensington Schools", now the

2394: 2281:

and books, and scorning the breezy approximations of earlier generations of artists.

2256: 2236: 2102:

Cimabue's celebrated Madonna is carried in Procession through the Streets of Florence

1827: 1756: 1361: 1326: 1320: 1264:(c. 1766), which like many of his works are lit only by candlelight, giving a strong 1004: 656: 290: 4474: 2560:

at the start of their careers were also strongly influenced, but despite the dealer

2534:

exhibited from 1885 many artists with Impressionist tendencies, initially using the

926:"the most influential of all English innovations in art". The French-born engraver 585:, though usually abandoned once an artist could get good single figure commissions. 10198: 10103: 10063: 9983: 9943: 9863: 9763: 9718: 9488: 9478: 9210: 8535: 8518: 8513: 8496: 8476: 8282: 7135: 6857: 6655: 6620: 6496: 6451: 6431: 6365: 6329: 6289: 6134: 5986: 5902: 5765: 5665: 5412: 5168: 5074: 3951: 3839: 3777: 3754: 3696: 3351: 3344: 3329: 3308: 3261: 3245: 3162: 3019: 3011: 2946: 2926: 2769: 2626: 2599: 2584: 2561: 2498:

The Royal Academy was initially by no means as conservative and restrictive as the

2480: 2472: 2323: 2288: 2082: 2051: 1193:

was an influence on Blake but had a difficult career, and spent years on his cycle

1176: 1153: 1116: 1049: 923: 919: 880: 578: 566: 503: 484: 456: 333: 329: 234: 177: 166: 5822: 2827:

was the most successful London portraitist at the start of the 20th century, with

2127:(1851), a portrait of a Highland stag, were among the most popular. Like Millais' 1244:

was mainly a portrait painter who also was one of the first artists to depict the

46: 10218: 10138: 10108: 10073: 10068: 10018: 9998: 9978: 9898: 9878: 9743: 9673: 9638: 9603: 9578: 9573: 9558: 9543: 9290: 9285: 9260: 9118: 8821: 8208: 8098: 7789: 7749: 6875: 6834: 6585: 6557: 6456: 6441: 6314: 6254: 6184: 5887: 5877: 5386: 5325: 5268: 5233: 5214: 5156: 4766: 4745: 4065: 3843: 3813: 3800: 3769: 3650: 3391: 3241: 3210: 3189:

have received widespread international recognition, while other painters such as

3131: 3050: 3015: 2950: 2930: 2864: 2820: 2785: 2618: 2343: 2331: 2205:

and a better writer than painter, leaving his blood splashed over his unfinished

2194: 2189: 2077:

The Pre-Raphaelites, like Turner, were supported by the authoritative art critic

1988: 1967: 1946: 1822: 1778: 1770: 1748: 1713: 1677: 1393: 1357: 1227: 1148:

was an important writer who stimulated the popularity of amateur painting of the

988: 971: 868: 799: 735: 714: 699: 664: 629: 602: 527: 520: 476: 464: 452: 402: 262: 246: 135: 123: 111: 5726:

And when did you last see your father? The Victorian Painter and British History

3053:

painted mystical works, as well as landscapes, and the sculptor, printmaker and

1144:

were among the leading specialist painters and the clergyman and amateur artist

606: 10203: 10193: 10183: 10168: 10153: 10078: 10048: 10028: 9953: 9923: 9918: 9908: 9893: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9798: 9753: 9748: 9703: 9683: 9668: 9663: 9648: 9633: 9613: 9568: 9518: 9513: 9503: 9493: 9483: 9468: 9463: 9315: 9265: 9225: 9178: 9173: 9163: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9123: 9108: 9103: 9093: 9088: 9078: 8826: 8765: 8745: 8740: 7821: 7702: 7640: 7201: 7084: 6846: 6795: 6668: 6567: 6436: 5882: 3990: 3960: 3959:

works in various media, including ceramics. Whilst leading printmakers include

3898: 3880: 3854: 3773: 3734: 3461: 3403: 3379: 3371: 3285: 3178: 3154: 3085: 3046: 3003: 2983: 2934: 2754: 2746: 2726: 2722: 2715: 2711: 2672: 2640: 2553: 2476: 2468: 2450: 2274: 2264: 2252: 2149: 2114: 2110: 2063: 1951: 1925: 1885: 1864: 1848: 1790: 1743: 1696: 1681: 1673: 1409: 1382: 1297: 1289: 1219: 1186: 1089: 1065: 860: 822: 660: 582: 496: 492: 441: 349: 269: 151: 127: 68: 2721:

The experience of military, political and economic power from the rise of the

2231:

British history was a very common subject, with the Middle Ages, Elizabeth I,

1692: 455:(1675/76–1734) who was the first and last significant English painter of huge 10232: 10163: 10158: 10128: 10113: 10053: 10038: 10033: 10013: 9988: 9968: 9888: 9873: 9838: 9823: 9818: 9808: 9783: 9733: 9723: 9713: 9688: 9623: 9583: 9553: 9548: 9533: 9523: 9473: 9343: 9310: 9300: 9280: 9270: 9255: 9250: 9200: 9168: 9153: 9128: 9064: 8906: 8876: 8841: 8780: 8720: 8670: 7877: 7438: 7336: 7326: 7125: 7120: 6915: 6880: 6753: 6688: 6678: 6625: 6610: 6575: 6416: 6401: 6299: 6234: 6214: 5318: 4626: 3972: 3956: 3827: 3809: 3805: 3656: 3606: 3473: 3452:

were part of the sixties art scene as was the British-based American painter

3427: 3419: 3281: 3269: 3253: 3198: 3127: 3027: 2995: 2977: 2890: 2882: 2868: 2852: 2836: 2832: 2812: 2758: 2660: 2633:(and in exhibiting the series in 1883) which helped recoup Whistler's costs. 2565: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2519: 2390: 2177: 2137: 2096: 2067: 1843: 1782: 1669: 1657: 1633: 1510: 1473: 1468: 1334: 1302: 1275: 1202: 1159: 1133: 1121: 1103: 1076: 992: 818: 614: 254: 238: 222: 162: 131: 119: 100: 5690:

The Economics of Taste, Vol I: The Rise and Fall of Picture Prices 1760-1960

3217:

also contributed to the strong figurative presence in post-war British art.

1095: 10213: 10123: 10098: 10023: 9948: 9928: 9858: 9803: 9788: 9758: 9738: 9708: 9693: 9653: 9598: 9593: 9528: 9295: 9190: 8926: 8836: 8816: 8806: 8770: 8695: 8675: 8660: 8635: 7744: 7115: 6936: 6869: 6805: 6790: 6663: 6630: 6406: 6370: 6050: 6027: 5449: 5430: 5400: 5056:"Lucian Freud, Figurative Painter Who Redefined Portraiture, Is Dead at 88" 4030: 3924: 3750: 3742: 3611: 3465: 3457: 3445: 3399: 3367: 3355: 3317: 3277: 3224: 3194: 3182: 3174: 3150: 3143: 3139: 3077: 2972: 2968: 2942: 2816: 2707: 2656: 2576: 2386: 2378: 2307: 2224: 2113:, who specialized in sentimental animal subjects, which were favourites of 1807: 1802: 1701: 1081: 954: 915: 911: 900: 892: 644: 640: 570: 425: 200: 155: 80: 7053: 5638:

This Other Eden, British Paintings from the Paul Mellon Collection at Yale

5413:"Major new £25,000 Threadneedle art prize announced to rival Turner Prize" 2062:

were later much influenced by aspects of their ideas, as was the designer

581:, which was to remain a favourite in Britain, taken up by artists such as 10143: 10003: 9973: 9883: 9833: 9773: 9768: 9678: 9618: 9588: 9002: 8916: 8911: 8901: 8891: 8881: 8790: 8785: 8750: 8735: 8730: 8700: 8680: 8665: 8230: 8160: 6800: 6693: 6683: 6411: 6032: 5950: 3968: 3823: 3785: 3758: 3673: 3635: 3486: 3453: 3383: 3320:

in March 2007. The Independent Group is regarded as the precursor to the

3273: 3135: 3101: 3089: 3054: 3038:(1835–1910), a Scottish landscape painter associated with Impressionism. 2860: 2828: 2781: 2734: 2664: 2648: 2614: 2606: 2527: 2499: 2436: 2417: 2370: 2354: 2339: 2078: 1645: 1413: 1405: 1265: 1223: 1149: 1129: 1125: 853: 652: 559: 432:, to whom only a few works are firmly attributed and who in turn trained 250: 192: 143: 115: 96: 76: 50: 5618:

Jenkins, Adrian; Marshall, Francis; Winch, Dinah; Morris, David (2005).

1215:(1778) was able to mostly avoid them, showing a rescue from drowning. 1124:

and Scotland in search of mountainous views, both for oil paintings and

565:

Like many later painters Hogarth wanted above all to achieve success at

487:

to enough commissions that in 1716 he and his team retreated to France,

8846: 8775: 8760: 8710: 8705: 8690: 6898: 6673: 6552: 6519: 6421: 6244: 5976: 5748: 5721: 5593:(Pelican History of Art), Yale University Press, revised 3rd edn. 1983 5563:

The Royal College of Art, One Hundred and Fifty Years of Art and Design

3939: 3929: 3884: 3387: 3341: 3265: 3249: 3214: 3114: 3105: 3073: 2964: 2961: 2954: 2844: 2603: 2446: 2414: 2385:

to obtain authentic settings for his Biblical pictures. The Frenchman

1747:

century seen (among others) in the painting of British artists such as

1686: 1668:

and was perhaps the most radical period in British art, also producing

1378: 1330: 1306: 1218:

Smaller scale subjects from literature were also popular, pioneered by

680: 613:

in 1735, which was the most enduring, eventually being absorbed by the

555: 406: 360: 273: 230: 210: 5426:"He's our favourite artist. So why do the galleries hate him so much?" 4866: 3288:

in Cornwall. In 1958, along with Kenneth Armitage and William Hayter,

2148:

matched the Victorian sense of high purpose. The classical ladies of

1644:

The late 18th century and the early 19th century characterized by the

383: 8931: 8896: 8755: 8725: 8715: 8685: 8508: 8416: 7033: 7003: 6904: 5086: 3908: 3545: 3057: 2957: 2878: 2874: 2848: 2840: 1760: 1345: 1338: 814: 783: 676: 655:

or riding setting. He had begun life as a page to the family of the

598: 588: 532: 401:

came in the middle of the long period of domination in London of Sir

321: 204: 196: 88: 84: 914:, who promoted styles in interior design and furniture to match the 9417: 8369: 5023:"Stanley William Hayter, 86, Dies; Painter Taught Miró and Pollock" 3948: 3892: 3872: 3850: 3835: 3717: 3097: 3061: 2851:

movements were both cherished and vilified by artists and critics;

2668: 1972: 1369: 1293: 1092:, who only realized his mature style after he returned to America. 864: 107: 4444:

Tate Britain exhibition revives Turner and Constable’s old rivalry

4085:

Strong (1999), 9–120, or see the references at the linked articles

2530:, from 1877, which became the home of the Aesthetic Movement. The 1033:

Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce

118:

period resulted from very diverse talents, including the painters

8195: 5772:, 4th Edn, 1978, Penguin Books (now Yale History of Art series), 3934: 3831: 3415: 3321: 3300: 2636: 2202: 1061: 9033: 3118:

studio in Paris. Since his death in 1988, it has been known as

2514:

in the 1850s. There were alternative London locations like the

8604: 8491: 4010: 3888: 3887:

have widespread popularity, but not establishment recognition.

3812:, but when the show travelled to New York City, opening at the 3681: 3469: 2881:

artists in the years immediately before 1914; members included

2374: 1719:

The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up

943: 841: 468: 245:

and the resurgence of Celtic motifs, now blended with Germanic

4425:

JMW Turner's feud with John Constable unveiled at Tate Britain

3220: 2338:

Many artists participated in the revival of original artistic

8468: 4941: 4939: 3772:

and achieved international recognition with their version of

2362: 2198: 2035: 1401: 1373: 138:

and the innovative movements at the end of the 18th century.

5382:"Stuckists, scourge of BritArt, put on their own exhibition" 2506:, one of the largest regional exhibiting organizations; the 67:

refers to all forms of visual art in or associated with the

6776: 6019: 5553:

Narrating Modernity: The British Problem Picture, 1895–1914

5520:

Barringer, T. J.; Quilley, Geoff; Fordham, Douglas (2007),

4782:

Wilson, 89-91; Rosenthal, 144, 160–162; Reitlinger, 156–157

4770: 2273:, one of many British historical subjects by the Frenchman 888: 218: 5415:, 24 Hour Museum, 5 September 2007. Retrieved 7 July 2008. 5403:, Culture24, 17 September 2004. Retrieved 3 December 2009. 4936: 4458:"J.M.W. Turner, the Original Artist-Curator – Look Closer" 4319:

Piper, 84; Reitlinger, 434-437 with the remarkable numbers

3634:, 1917–18, he painted some of the most powerful images of 5818:

phryne.com guide to Victorian painting (archived version)

5636:"Mellon": Warner, Malcolm and Alexander, Julia Marciari, 5537:

Egerton, Judy, National Gallery Catalogues (new series):

5465: 5368: 5340:

A Terrible Beauty: British Artists in the First World War

4859:

A Pot of Paint: Aesthetics on Trial in Whistler v. Ruskin

836:

was the leader in his field until the arrival in 1730 of

832:

From his arrival in London in 1720, the Flemish sculptor

214: 5401:"Stuckist's Punk Victorian gatecrashes Walker's Biennial 5138:

History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

3169:. The "London School" of figurative painters including 3022:). Where their colouring is often notoriously drab, the 1377:

expanding international middle-class market, developing

6745: 3340:

amongst others, and the group included the influential

3026:

indeed mostly used bright light and colour; some, like

1060:, who only settled in London in 1773, after working in 4734: 4732: 2994:

with a strong strand of social documentary, including

2413:(1874). A near abstraction, in 1877 Whistler sued the 4663:, is Frith's last great panorama, of the gambling at 4476:

Constable's Great Landscapes: The Six-Foot Paintings,

3737:, contemporary British art, particularly that of the 2768:

From its opening in 1875 the London department store

2156:

wore more clothes and met with rather less success.

265:, although this received new Continental influences. 3861:

was founded as a reaction to the YBAs. In 2004, the

3816:

in late 1999, it was met with intense protest about

3209:(a prolific and popular lithographer), the sculptor 3060:

produced elegant simple forms in a style related to

2819:

aimed to achieve artistic indeed painterly effects;

1796:

The Chelsea Pensioners reading the Waterloo Dispatch

1412:, with the Scottish architect and interior designer 146:, and, as in other countries, movements such as the 8182: 5852: 5445:"Beryl Cook, artist who painted with a smile, dies" 5284:. Santa Barbara Museum of Art. 2010. Archived from 4729: 2823:contained the leading practitioners. The American 2784:and beyond; he continued to design into the 1920s. 2645:

The Acting Manager or Rehearsal: The End of the Act

829:, which remains a principal source for the period. 4841:"See The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler" 3727:Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision 3153:as Britain's leading sculptor, promoted alongside 2609:for libel after the critic condemned his painting 2420:for libel after the critic condemned his painting 592:Silver teapot by Samuel Courtauld, London, 1748–49 4550:, an homage to the written work of William Blake. 3573:Gauguins and Connoisseurs at the Stafford Gallery 2847:were "polarized" at the end of the 19th century. 2054:(never officially a member), and figures such as 1994:Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway 1624: 1533:Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford 10230: 5798:The Great Age of British Watercolours, 1750–1880 5605:Blast to Freeze: British Art in the 20th Century 5479:"Banksy's graffiti art sells for half a million" 4623:William Powell Frith: painting the Victorian age 4534:Radical Blake: Influence and Afterlife from 1827 4301:Waterhouse, Chapter 18; Piper, 54-56; Mellon, 82 4056:List of equestrian statues in the United Kingdom 3879:hosts shows of traditional figurative painting. 3084:, was briefly popular in the 1930s, influencing 2990:developed an English style of Impressionism and 2815:was appointed president in 1924. In photography 2679:now their best-known member. Painters included 1910:Chelsea Pensioners reading the Waterloo Dispatch 6164: 6133: 5603:Hughes, Henry Meyric and Gijs van Tuyl (eds.), 5519: 5371:, 23 September 1999. Retrieved 17 October 2008. 5352: 4903: 3324:movement in Britain and the United States. The 2522:when President, new spaces opened, notably the 2423:Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket 1305:developed as a hybrid form between Western and 5300: 5090:, Issue 6, 2008. Retrieved on 9 December 2010. 4865:, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Winter, 1994), pp. 536-537 4756: 4754: 4355:Strong (1999), 478-479; Waterhouse, Chapter 20 3895:and is now a highly valued mainstream artist. 3871:, the first national museum exhibition of the 2611:Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket 2495:produced many of the forward-looking artists. 2410:Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket 2373:, a continual traveller who reached as far as 1759:. Blake also had an enormous influence on the 1385:wares as well as hand-painted true porcelain. 9433: 9049: 8620: 7069: 6761: 5838: 5653:Catalogue of British Oil Paintings, 1820–1860 5617: 4945: 3927:has public works around the world, including 3468:in 1984) emerged in the 1960s as well as the 3244:a group of young British sculptors including 99:, being especially strong in portraiture and 6381:Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret 4283:Waterhouse, 164–165, 225–227, and see Index. 2859:(1871–1957), was based in Dublin, at once a 1309:, produced by Indians for a British market. 1248:, as well as developing a cross between the 7083: 5704:Rococo; Art and Design in Hogarth's England 5591:Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1880-1940 4751: 3303:emerged in 1956 with the exhibition at the 2877:was a brief coming together of a number of 2675:in design, with the architect and designer 2389:, who fled to London after the fall of the 977:Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney: The Archers 9440: 9426: 9056: 9042: 8627: 8613: 7076: 7062: 6768: 6754: 6110:Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture 6072: 5845: 5831: 5169:Anthony Caro Exhibition 2005, Tate Britain 4546:Neil Spencer, The Guardian, October 2000, 3480:was an influential teacher of some of the 2980:kept in touch with European developments. 2763:industry revived from effective extinction 2602:. In 1877 James McNeill Whistler sued the 1209:, though one of his most successful works 863:trade was dominated by the descendants of 209:The oldest surviving British art includes 6984:List of Turner Prize winners and nominees 6225:Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art 5487:, 25 October 2007. Retrieved 7 July 2008. 5434:, 11 January 2004. Retrieved 7 July 2008. 5282:"Colorscope: Abstract Painting 1960–1979" 5258:Tate Collection Retrieved 9 December 2010 4857:Peter Stansky's review of Linda Merill's 4061:List of Turner Prize winners and nominees 3853:figurative painting group which includes 3788:, the most influential London gallerist. 3018:(the son of French Impressionist painter 2442:Applicants for Admission to a Casual Ward 249:and Mediterranean elements, in Christian 5390:, 23 August 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2008. 5236:New Art Centre Retrieved 9 December 2010 5195:Lifetime Achievements Award in Sculpture 4875: 4873: 3838:. Among other criticism, New York Mayor 3712: 3219: 2795: 2635: 2439:(although he made his name in 1874 with 2399: 2397:specialized in scenes of Ancient Egypt. 2330:Towards the end of the 19th century the 2283: 2211: 2091: 2012: 1708: 1691: 1628: 1311: 1270: 1222:, one of the first to paint scenes from 1158: 1094: 1013: 856:who specialized in statues for gardens. 587: 509: 382: 176: 45: 28: 5620:Creative Tension: British Art 1900-1950 5140:, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1968. 5020: 4984: 4897: 4478:National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 3112:. In 1927 Hayter founded the legendary 2941:. The early 20th century also includes 1255:An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump 1230:, with a series illustrating the novel 1189:in Europe as in Britain. The Irishman 1024:An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump 114:, the latter often being exported. The 14: 10254:Cultural history of the United Kingdom 10231: 5784:Tate Gallery, An Illustrated Companion 5565:, 1987, Barrie & Jenkins, London, 5358: 5248:Tate website Retrieved 9 December 2010 5201: 5119: 5117: 4992:"Stanley William Hayter (1901 − 1989)" 4739:Whistler versus Ruskin, Princeton edu. 4337:Reitlinger, 74-75; Waterhouse, 232-241 3484:and is known for the conceptual work, 2207:King Alfred and the First British Jury 447:An exception to the dominance of the " 356:, a Scot who mostly worked in London. 9421: 9037: 8608: 8181: 7057: 6749: 6163: 6120:Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology 6071: 5864: 5826: 5496: 5468:, 28 May 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2008. 5453:, 29 May 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2008. 5337: 5014: 4870: 4653:Reitlinger, 157; Wilson, 85; Frith's 4364:Egerton, 332-342; Waterhouse, 285-289 3996:List of artists from Northern Ireland 3804:, a very large image of the murderer 3441:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band 3126:in a hard-faced Art Deco classicism, 2579:. The British-based American painter 1495:A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery 1261:A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery 908:Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington 827:Some Anecdotes of Painting in England 577:, recently introduced from France by 378: 289:and some survivals from paintings in 9447: 5865: 5692:, Barrie and Rockliffe, London, 1961 5274: 4879: 4863:Journal of Interdisciplinary History 4256:Snodin, 15–17; 29–31 and throughout. 3782:vitrine containing a preserved shark 2245:and many others), Ford Madox Brown ( 1931:Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows 1388:The three leading furniture makers, 1296:and local scenes, and the expanding 933: 6704:Ranger's House (Wernher Collection) 6295:Museum of Immigration and Diversity 5220: 5130: 5114: 4139:Waterhouse, 132–133; Pevsner, 29–30 3761:, who rose to prominence after the 3708: 3213:, and the industrial townscapes of 2571:The late 19th century also saw the 2510:was founded in 1826 and opened its 1453:Cornard Wood, near Sudbury, Suffolk 1416:(1728–1792) leading the new style. 1252:and history painting in works like 1037:Society of Artists of Great Britain 24: 6275:London Museum of Water & Steam 5319:Irish Museum of Modern Art Website 4618:Frith and the Influence of Hogarth 4532:Shirley Dent and Jason Whittaker. 3438:(best known for the cover-art for 2659:" were one expression, straddling 161:The British contribution to early 25: 10270: 9063: 5811: 5499:"The Interview: Andy Goldsworthy" 5463:"Painter Beryl Cook dies aged 81" 5365:"Sensation sparks New York storm" 5127:, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 4998:. British Council. Archived from 4051:British Marine Art (Romantic Era) 2753:were architects committed to the 2293:The Emigrants' Last Sight of Home 1742:, who gathered in the country at 1319:, watercolour, ink and pencil by 8634: 6730: 6729: 6280:Markfield Beam Engine and Museum 5796:Andrew Wilton & Anne Lyles, 5644:/Art Exhibitions Australia, 1998 5505:– via www.theguardian.com. 5490: 5471: 5456: 5437: 5418: 5406: 5393: 5374: 5346: 5331: 4957:Wilson, 127–129; Mellon, 182–186 4211:Snowdin, 278-287, and see Index. 4046:The Priseman Seabrook Collection 3689: 3678:Two Piece Reclining Figure No. 5 3666: 3643: 3620: 3599: 3580: 3557: 3538: 3514: 3495: 2381:. Holman Hunt also travelled to 2002: 1981: 1960: 1939: 1918: 1897: 1878: 1857: 1836: 1815: 1603: 1582: 1561: 1540: 1524: 1503: 1482: 1461: 1440: 1421: 1352:in London, and in the provinces 1236:. At the end of the period the 1180:gentleman-artist and art dealer 964: 942: 792: 770: 749: 728: 707: 688: 276:was considerable, especially in 8184:Countries of the United Kingdom 7284:Countries of the United Kingdom 5854:Museums and galleries in London 5524:, Manchester University Press, 5312: 5262: 5251: 5239: 5186: 5181:May 2006, Sunday Times obituary 5174: 5162: 5143: 5105: 5093: 5067: 5049: 5040: 5021:Brenson, Michael (6 May 1988). 4972: 4960: 4951: 4924: 4909: 4851: 4833: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4785: 4776: 4720: 4711: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4672: 4647: 4629:, Yale University Press, 2006, 4609: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4539: 4526: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4489:Pevsner, 161–164; Mellon, 134; 4483: 4468: 4450: 4431: 4412: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 3749:(YBA) movement, which includes 3295:In the 1950s, the London-based 3230:According to William Grimes of 2839:rising figures. John's sister 2791: 2270:The Execution of Lady Jane Grey 2166:Royal Academy Summer Exhibition 241:, as shown in objects like the 7279:Counties of the United Kingdom 6689:Kenwood House (Iveagh Bequest) 6376:Museum of the Order of St John 6265:Institute of Contemporary Arts 6250:Handel & Hendrix in London 5770:Painting in Britain, 1530–1790 5680:Painting in England, 1500–1880 5670:The Englishness of English Art 5579:, 1996, British Museum Press, 4800:Hamilton, 57-62; Wilson, 97-99 4491:Tate 2006 Constable exhibition 4151: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4088: 4079: 3891:made a reputation with street 3328:show featured Scottish artist 3305:Institute of Contemporary Arts 2361:, who lived for nine years in 2070:aesthetic and instigating the 1625:19th century and the Romantics 473:Saint Paul's Cathedral, London 13: 1: 6310:Royal Academy of Music Museum 5699:, 1982, Phaidon Press, London 5150:This is Tomorrow 1956 catalog 5125:Pop Art: A Continuing History 4597:Piper, 139–146; Wilson, 79–81 4561:Piper, 96-98; Waterhouse, 330 4536:. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2002. 4265:Reitlinger, 58 (quote), 59-75 4112:Waterhouse, 138–139; 151; 163 4072: 3877:Federation of British Artists 3768:of 1988, with the backing of 3104:associated in the 1930s with 2581:James Abbott McNeill Whistler 1828:Sarah Barrett Moulton: Pinkie 1516:The Kongouro from New Holland 1195:The Progress of Human Culture 696:Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet 417:, who moved down in 1723, or 221:works of art produced by the 172: 8051:Universal basic income (UBI) 6921:Outset Contemporary Art Fund 6190:Ben Uri Gallery & Museum 6175:Arsenal Football Club Museum 5497:Adams, Tim (11 March 2007). 4707:The Victorian Treasure House 4193:Waterhouse, 153–154, 157–160 4121:Waterhouse, 135–138; 147–150 3923:. The Indian-born sculptor 3868:The Stuckists Punk Victorian 2901:, the American photographer 2805:The City a fallen lift shaft 1806:produced. The German-Swiss 1433:Self-portrait, aged about 24 1348:factories opened, including 741:Marriage A-la-Mode (Hogarth) 436:, a fine artist who trained 363:had been established by the 268:The English contribution to 7: 8056:Water supply and sanitation 7755:Weapons of mass destruction 7740:His Majesty's Naval Service 6538:Banqueting House, Whitehall 6361:Florence Nightingale Museum 6165:Other museums and galleries 5755:, 1999, Hutchison, London, 5728:, 1978, Thames and Hudson, 5642:Yale Center for British Art 4521:Dictionary of women artists 3978: 3464:(who was awarded the first 3312:, as a British reaction to 3205:, the Romantic landscapist 2259:painted scenes for the new 1793:and history scenes such as 1765:counterculture of the 1960s 1553:Portrait of Mrs Mary Graham 1238:Boydell Shakespeare Gallery 899:, a parson's daughter from 519:, an anti-French satire by 489:Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini 243:Staffordshire Moorlands Pan 154:contended with established 71:since the formation of the 39:Mr. and Mrs. Robert Andrews 10: 10275: 10239:Arts in the United Kingdom 8151:Stereotypes of the British 6447:Headstone Manor and Museum 6230:Fashion and Textile Museum 6043:Victoria and Albert Museum 5959:Imperial War Museum London 5708:Victoria and Albert Museum 5697:British Landscape Painting 5649:Victoria and Albert Museum 5522:Art and the British Empire 5513: 5271:Retrieved 15 January 2018] 5246:Ian Stephenson 1934 - 2000 5102:Retrieved 15 December 2010 4981:Retrieved 14 December 2010 4920:Victoria and Albert Museum 4016:Courtauld Institute of Art 3632:The Ypres Salient at Night 3149:Henry Moore emerged after 3108:and from 1940 onward with 2627:Fine Art Society of London 2575:in France and the British 2279:Victoria and Albert Museum 2032:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 2006: 762:Portrait of Charles Stuart 318:portraiture of Elizabeth I 314:Artists of the Tudor Court 225:from around 2150 BC. The 190: 148:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 9455: 9367: 9329: 9071: 8988: 8946: 8799: 8651: 8642: 8566: 8467: 8368: 8316:First Minister and deputy 8281: 8194: 8190: 8177: 8173: 8074: 7914: 7905: 7863: 7780: 7771: 7730: 7671: 7540: 7536: 7527: 7389: 7317: 7269: 7265: 7256: 7189: 7101: 7092: 7020: 6929: 6890: 6826: 6783: 6725: 6654: 6566: 6528: 6505: 6427:Greenwich Heritage Centre 6394: 6348: 6170: 6159: 6080: 6067: 6041: 6018: 6000: 5967: 5936: 5908:National Portrait Gallery 5873: 5860: 5328:Retrieved 9 December 2010 5217:Retrieved 9 December 2010 5198:Retrieved 9 December 2010 5183:Retrieved 9 December 2010 5171:Retrieved 9 December 2010 5159:Retrieved 9 December 2010 5123:Livingstone, M., (1990), 5082:UK Government Web Archive 4979:Scottish Colourists, Tate 4969:Retrieved 7 December 2010 4773:, retrieved 12 April 2009 4615:Wilson, 85; Bills, Mark, 4552:Retrieved 8 December 2010 4523:Retrieved 8 December 2010 4480:Retrieved 9 December 2010 4447:Retrieved 9 December 2010 4428:Retrieved 9 December 2010 4238:Strong (1999), Chapter 24 4026:National Portrait Gallery 3507:People and Sails at Royan 3076:, with artists including 2677:Charles Rennie Mackintosh 2504:Liverpool Academy of Arts 2164:For all such artists the 1197:in the Great Room of the 1100:Cowley Place, near Exeter 846:Chelsea porcelain factory 624:The Scottish portraitist 611:St. Martin's Lane Academy 213:from around 2600 BC, and 65:Art of the United Kingdom 7944:Environmental inequality 6816:Palais de Danse, St Ives 6775: 6200:Bow Street Police Museum 5982:National Maritime Museum 5738:Recreating the past .... 5589:Hamilton, George Heard, 5575:Griffiths, Antony (ed), 5232:16 December 2010 at the 5227:Ian Stephenson Biography 4661:Providence, Rhode Island 4391:Griffiths, 49, Chapter 6 4157:Waterhouse, 165; 168–179 4094:Waterhouse, Chapters 1-6 4001:List of Scottish artists 3945:environmental sculptures 2945:artistic circle and the 2778:Arts and Crafts movement 2493:Slade School of Fine Art 2483:, the Scottish designer 2303:The Awakening Conscience 2072:Arts and Crafts movement 1662:Richard Parkes Bonington 1648:in British art includes 928:Hubert-François Gravelot 838:Louis-François Roubiliac 75:in 1707 and encompasses 73:Kingdom of Great Britain 6811:Barbara Hepworth Museum 6195:Benjamin Franklin House 6143:London Museum Docklands 6105:London Transport Museum 6090:Dulwich Picture Gallery 5969:Royal Museums Greenwich 5923:Sir John Soane's Museum 5309:Retrieved December 2010 5213:11 January 2012 at the 4967:Camden Town Group, Tate 4765:12 January 2012 at the 4041:Whitechapel Art Gallery 4021:Dulwich Picture Gallery 3592:Lucien Pissarro Reading 3284:, who were part of the 3049:, mainly a printmaker. 2060:John William Waterhouse 302:Protestant Reformations 278:illuminated manuscripts 184:Portrait of Elizabeth I 9539:Bosnia and Herzegovina 9114:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8832:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7830:Science and technology 6910:Sir Joseph Duveen, Bt. 6530:Historic Royal Palaces 6507:Royal Collection Trust 6340:William Morris Gallery 6325:Sherlock Holmes Museum 6205:Charles Dickens Museum 6180:Bank of England Museum 6074:Designated collections 5918:Royal Air Force Museum 5913:Natural History Museum 5786:, 1990, Tate Gallery, 5706:, 1984, Trefoil Books/ 5702:Snodin, Michael (ed). 5080:5 January 2012 at the 4748:Retrieved 13 June 2010 4625:, by Mark Bills & 4442:, September 22, 2009, 4423:, September 22, 2009, 4148:Strong (1999), 358-361 3776:. This often featured 3731: 3532:Père Lachaise Cemetery 3314:abstract expressionism 3227: 3110:Abstract Expressionism 3094:Stanley William Hayter 3082:Birmingham Surrealists 3000:Spencer Frederick Gore 2909:, the French sculptor 2808: 2788:was a similar figure. 2652: 2631:"the stones of Venice" 2592:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 2508:Royal Scottish Academy 2427: 2405:James McNeill Whistler 2348:1929 Wall Street Crash 2296: 2242:The Boyhood of Raleigh 2228: 2106: 2048:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 2027: 1723: 1706: 1650:Joseph Wright of Derby 1641: 1490:Joseph Wright of Derby 1323: 1285: 1242:Joseph Wright of Derby 1173: 1107: 1028: 1019:Joseph Wright of Derby 1001:Joseph Wright of Derby 805:Humours of an Election 593: 524: 451:" of painting was Sir 394: 342:Robert Peake the elder 188: 60: 56:Large Reclining Figure 43: 7807:Free trade agreements 6395:Local history museums 6352:Health & Medicine 6350:The London Museums of 6300:Orleans House Gallery 6270:Leighton House Museum 6240:Guildhall Art Gallery 6125:Royal Academy of Arts 6115:Museum of Freemasonry 5753:The Spirit of Britain 5742:Painting the Past ... 5607:, 2003, Hatje Cantz, 5559:Frayling, Christopher 4886:, britishempire.co.uk 4847:on 20 September 2008. 4820:James McNeil Whistler 4493:Tate Britain feature. 4006:List of Welsh artists 3747:Young British Artists 3739:Young British Artists 3716: 3638:by an English artist. 3503:John Duncan Fergusson 3482:Young British Artists 3238:Girl With a White Dog 3223: 3197:are characterized as 3032:John Duncan Fergusson 2911:Henri Gaudier-Brzeska 2799: 2731:British North America 2639: 2467:(the inventor of the 2403: 2342:usually known as the 2287: 2261:Palace of Westminster 2215: 2169:happened to Wilkie's 2095: 2016: 1763:of the 1950s and the 1712: 1695: 1632: 1574:The Ladies Waldegrave 1315: 1274: 1246:Industrial Revolution 1207:John Singleton Copley 1199:Royal Society of Arts 1164:John Singleton Copley 1162: 1152:, while the works of 1098: 1041:Royal Academy of Arts 1017: 897:Anna Maria Garthwaite 834:John Michael Rysbrack 591: 513: 386: 373:Third Anglo-Dutch War 295:Palace of Westminster 180: 49: 32: 8156:World Heritage Sites 7949:Environmental issues 7653:Female party leaders 7294:Overseas territories 6596:Eastbury Manor House 6543:Hampton Court Palace 6482:Valence House Museum 6320:Serpentine Galleries 6210:Dennis Severs' House 6185:Barbican Art Gallery 6002:Science Museum Group 5938:Imperial War Museums 5898:National Army Museum 5695:Rosenthal, Michael, 5682:, Penguin, 1965 edn. 5672:, Penguin, 1964 edn. 5353:Barringer et al 2007 5338:Gough, Paul (2010). 5155:10 July 2010 at the 4904:Barringer et al 2007 4744:16 June 2010 at the 4717:Fletcher, throughout 4696:Strong (1978), 47-73 3965:Elizabeth Blackadder 3819:The Holy Virgin Mary 3588:James Bolivar Manson 3478:Michael Craig-Martin 3396:Color Field painting 3120:Atelier Contrepoint. 2919:Christopher Nevinson 2903:Alvin Langdon Coburn 2532:New English Art Club 2489:Royal College of Art 2359:John Frederick Lewis 2248:Cromwell on his Farm 2233:Mary, Queen of Scots 2217:John Frederick Lewis 2158:William Powell Frith 2142:Lawrence Alma-Tadema 2040:John Everett Millais 2024:John Everett Millais 1870:Wivenhoe Park, Essex 1730:" of Samuel Palmer, 1616:The Age of Innocence 1212:Watson and the Shark 1169:Watson and the Shark 558:, his background in 324:. The portraitists 91:, and forms part of 10149:Trinidad and Tobago 9330:States with limited 8949:States with limited 8726:Republic of Ireland 7028:Frankfurt Art Theft 6990:The Weather Project 6581:575 Wandsworth Road 6487:Vestry House Museum 6472:Museum of Wimbledon 6386:Wellcome Collection 6335:Whitechapel Gallery 5946:Churchill War Rooms 5647:Parkinson, Ronald, 5484:The Daily Telegraph 5342:. pp. 127–164. 5324:21 May 2009 at the 4656:Salon d'Or, Homburg 4382:Waterhouse, 327-329 4373:Waterhouse, 315-322 4328:Waterhouse, 311-316 4310:Waterhouse, 306-311 4292:Waterhouse, 227-230 4274:Waterhouse, 217-230 4202:Waterhouse, 163–164 4184:Waterhouse, 155–156 4175:Waterhouse, 200-210 4166:Waterhouse, 164–165 3299:formed; from which 3167:Festival of Britain 3024:Scottish Colourists 2825:John Singer Sargent 2558:Philip Wilson Steer 2540:John Singer Sargent 2516:British Institution 2485:Christopher Dresser 2455:Hubert von Herkomer 2184:Salon d'Or, Homburg 2140:and the Dutch-born 2124:Monarch of the Glen 2087:highest form of art 2044:William Holman Hunt 1611:Sir Joshua Reynolds 1590:Thomas Gainsborough 1569:Sir Joshua Reynolds 1548:Thomas Gainsborough 1448:Thomas Gainsborough 1429:Sir Joshua Reynolds 1086:Sir William Beechey 1058:Thomas Gainsborough 997:Thomas Gainsborough 989:Sir Joshua Reynolds 950:Thomas Gainsborough 720:The Graham Children 548:from the 1730s and 539:A Harlot's Progress 434:Jonathan Richardson 411:John Baptist Medina 354:John Michael Wright 338:portrait miniatures 283:Westminster Retable 259:Book of Lindisfarne 93:Western art history 34:Thomas Gainsborough 7850:Telecommunications 7802:Economic geography 7658:Political scandals 7289:Crown Dependencies 6467:Museum of Richmond 6220:Dr Johnson's House 5928:Wallace Collection 5893:Museum of the Home 5686:Reitlinger, Gerald 5622:. Paul Holberton. 5551:Fletcher, Pamela, 5539:The British School 5443:Campbell, Duncan. 5061:The New York Times 5027:The New York Times 4946:Jenkins et al 2005 4036:Walker Art Gallery 3904:Angel of the North 3875:art movement. The 3863:Walker Art Gallery 3780:, notably Hirst's 3732: 3550:River with Poplars 3526:Oscar Wilde's tomb 3412:Gilbert and George 3233:The New York Times 3228: 3070:William Coldstream 3066:Euston Road School 2992:Post-Impressionism 2939:Dorothy Shakespear 2907:Frederick Etchells 2809: 2704:Randolph Caldecott 2653: 2596:Edward Burne-Jones 2577:Aesthetic movement 2512:grand new building 2461:William Bell Scott 2428: 2297: 2229: 2172:Chelsea Pensioners 2107: 2056:Edward Burne-Jones 2028: 2009:Victorian painting 1775:Congress of Vienna 1724: 1707: 1642: 1398:George Hepplewhite 1390:Thomas Chippendale 1324: 1317:Cat Like Courtship 1286: 1250:conversation piece 1174: 1142:John Robert Cozens 1138:John Warwick Smith 1110:The Welsh painter 1108: 1029: 859:The strong London 619:Foundling Hospital 594: 575:conversation piece 551:Marriage à-la-mode 525: 516:The Gate of Calais 504:Hanoverian dynasty 502:From 1714 the new 481:the King's landing 461:Greenwich Hospital 399:Acts of Union 1707 395: 379:Early 18th century 287:The Wilton Diptych 189: 61: 44: 10226: 10225: 9659:Equatorial Guinea 9415: 9414: 9031: 9030: 8995:other territories 8942: 8941: 8602: 8601: 8562: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8169: 8168: 7901: 7900: 7767: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7648:Political parties 7572:Foreign relations 7523: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7252: 7251: 7229:Mass surveillance 7207:Foreign relations 7140:Second World War 7051: 7050: 6743: 6742: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6709:Winchester Palace 6699:Marble Hill House 6548:Kensington Palace 6492:Wandsworth Museum 6477:Twickenham Museum 6462:Museum of Croydon 6155: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6085:Courtauld Gallery 6063: 6062: 6059: 6058: 5992:Royal Observatory 5800:, 1993, Prestel, 5766:Waterhouse, Ellis 5747:"Strong (1999)": 5720:"Strong (1978)": 5666:Pevsner, Nikolaus 5629:978-1-903470-28-2 5531:978-0-7190-7392-2 5477:Reynolds, Nigel. 5380:Cassidy, Sarah. 4918:Feature from the 4818:Peters, Lisa N., 4809:Hamilton, 146–148 4643:978-0-300-12190-2 3986:Art of Birmingham 3569:Camden Town Group 3522:Sir Jacob Epstein 3424:Patrick Caulfield 3364:William G. Tucker 3297:Independent Group 3203:Graham Sutherland 3124:Meredith Frampton 3036:William McTaggart 2988:Camden Town Group 2915:Cuthbert Hamilton 2899:Lawrence Atkinson 2895:Malcolm Arbuthnot 2887:Sir Jacob Epstein 2857:Jack Butler Yeats 2801:Graham Sutherland 2770:Liberty & Co. 2681:Thomas Millie Dow 2663:in painting, and 2587:, and the former 2573:Decadent movement 2524:Grosvenor Gallery 2453:, and the German 2395:Frederick Goodall 2257:Charles West Cope 2237:English Civil War 2187:and Luke Filde's 1757:Graham Sutherland 1646:Romantic movement 1362:Royal Crown Derby 1327:Thomas Rowlandson 1321:Thomas Rowlandson 1117:history paintings 1005:Gerald Reitlinger 934:Late 18th century 877:Nicholas Sprimont 657:Dukes of Beaufort 545:A Rake's Progress 387:William Hogarth, 336:, the painter of 291:Westminster Abbey 16:(Redirected from 10266: 9994:Papua New Guinea 9449:Art of the World 9442: 9435: 9428: 9419: 9418: 9368:Dependencies and 9072:Sovereign states 9058: 9051: 9044: 9035: 9034: 8922:Northern Ireland 8649: 8648: 8644:Sovereign states 8629: 8622: 8615: 8606: 8605: 8582: 8575: 8283:Northern Ireland 8192: 8191: 8179: 8178: 8175: 8174: 7912: 7911: 7825: 7778: 7777: 7636:House of Commons 7604:Local government 7538: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7444:Renewable energy 7429:hydroelectricity 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7099: 7098: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7055: 7054: 6858:John Rothenstein 6770: 6763: 6756: 6747: 6746: 6733: 6732: 6656:English Heritage 6621:Morden Hall Park 6497:Whitehall Museum 6452:Islington Museum 6432:Gunnersbury Park 6366:Foundling Museum 6346: 6345: 6330:Two Temple Place 6290:Museum of Brands 6285:Migration Museum 6161: 6160: 6135:Museum of London 6131: 6130: 6095:Hunterian Museum 6069: 6068: 5934: 5933: 5903:National Gallery 5867:National museums 5862: 5861: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5824: 5823: 5744:in 2004 edition) 5633: 5534: 5507: 5506: 5494: 5488: 5475: 5469: 5460: 5454: 5441: 5435: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5397: 5391: 5378: 5372: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5335: 5329: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5255: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5224: 5218: 5205: 5199: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5147: 5141: 5134: 5128: 5121: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5100:Alan Davie, Tate 5097: 5091: 5071: 5065: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4934: 4933:, V&A Museum 4931:Voysey wallpaper 4928: 4922: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4880:McKenzie, John, 4877: 4868: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4843:. Archived from 4837: 4831: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4774: 4758: 4749: 4736: 4727: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4670: 4651: 4645: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4589: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4553: 4543: 4537: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4487: 4481: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4454: 4448: 4440:The Sunday Times 4435: 4429: 4416: 4410: 4407: 4401: 4400:snowdin, 236–242 4398: 4392: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4284: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4203: 4200: 4194: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4086: 4083: 3952:Andy Goldsworthy 3840:Rudolph Giuliani 3755:Rachel Whiteread 3709:Contemporary art 3701:Black Cover Flat 3697:Sir Anthony Caro 3693: 3670: 3647: 3624: 3603: 3584: 3561: 3542: 3518: 3499: 3460:in the hands of 3352:Sir Anthony Caro 3345:Lawrence Alloway 3334:Richard Hamilton 3330:Eduardo Paolozzi 3326:This is Tomorrow 3309:This Is Tomorrow 3262:Eduardo Paolozzi 3258:William Turnbull 3246:Kenneth Armitage 3163:Barbara Hepworth 3142:and the diarist 3020:Camille Pissarro 3012:Malcolm Drummond 2947:Bloomsbury Group 2927:Edward Wadsworth 2861:romantic painter 2714:and, from 1902, 2700:children's books 2621:, designed with 2585:Aubrey Beardsley 2562:Paul Durand-Ruel 2481:Richard Burchett 2473:Richard Redgrave 2433:Frederick Walker 2313:Past and Present 2289:Richard Redgrave 2083:history painting 2052:Ford Madox Brown 1985: 1964: 1943: 1922: 1901: 1882: 1861: 1840: 1819: 1676:(1776–1837) and 1607: 1595:The Morning Walk 1586: 1565: 1544: 1531:The children of 1528: 1507: 1486: 1465: 1444: 1425: 1396:(1751–1806) and 1383:transfer-printed 1177:History painting 1154:Alexander Cozens 1050:High Renaissance 999:(1727–1788) and 968: 946: 924:Nikolaus Pevsner 920:landscape garden 881:Courtauld family 850:Sir Henry Cheere 796: 774: 753: 732: 711: 692: 579:Philippe Mercier 567:history painting 485:Sebastiano Ricci 334:Nicolas Hilliard 330:Anthony van Dyck 235:Battersea Shield 181:Unknown artist, 167:Contemporary art 21: 18:British painting 10274: 10273: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10222: 9964:North Macedonia 9451: 9446: 9416: 9411: 9369: 9363: 9349:Northern Cyprus 9331: 9325: 9246:North Macedonia 9067: 9062: 9032: 9027: 8996: 8994: 8984: 8970:Northern Cyprus 8953: 8950: 8938: 8872:North Macedonia 8795: 8638: 8633: 8603: 8598: 8585: 8578: 8571: 8550: 8463: 8364: 8277: 8186: 8165: 8070: 8026:Public holidays 8006:Life expectancy 7897: 7859: 7839:London Exchange 7835:Stock exchanges 7823: 7822:Pound sterling 7790:Bank of England 7759: 7750:Royal Air Force 7726: 7667: 7599:Law enforcement 7515: 7424:hydraulic frac. 7385: 7366:Lakes and lochs 7313: 7309:Former colonies 7248: 7244:Women's history 7219:Law enforcement 7185: 7131:First World War 7088: 7082: 7052: 7047: 7016: 6925: 6886: 6876:Nicholas Serota 6835:Charles Holroyd 6822: 6779: 6774: 6744: 6739: 6713: 6650: 6591:Carlyle's House 6586:Blewcoat School 6562: 6558:Tower of London 6524: 6501: 6457:Kingston Museum 6442:Havering Museum 6390: 6351: 6344: 6315:Saatchi Gallery 6260:Hogarth's House 6255:Hayward Gallery 6166: 6147: 6129: 6076: 6055: 6037: 6014: 5996: 5963: 5932: 5888:Horniman Museum 5878:British Library 5869: 5856: 5851: 5814: 5782:Wilson, Simon; 5630: 5555:, Ashgate, 2003 5532: 5516: 5511: 5510: 5495: 5491: 5476: 5472: 5461: 5457: 5442: 5438: 5423: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5399:Moss, Richard. 5398: 5394: 5387:The Independent 5379: 5375: 5363: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5336: 5332: 5326:Wayback Machine 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5269:William Tillyer 5267: 5263: 5256: 5252: 5244: 5240: 5234:Wayback Machine 5225: 5221: 5215:Wayback Machine 5206: 5202: 5191: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5167: 5163: 5157:Wayback Machine 5148: 5144: 5135: 5131: 5122: 5115: 5111:Walker, 211-217 5110: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5072: 5068: 5064:. 21 July 2011. 5054: 5050: 5046:Walker, 219-225 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5019: 5015: 5005: 5003: 5002:on 15 July 2010 4990: 4989: 4985: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4944: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4914: 4910: 4902: 4898: 4889: 4887: 4878: 4871: 4856: 4852: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4795: 4791:Frayling, 12-64 4790: 4786: 4781: 4777: 4767:Wayback Machine 4759: 4752: 4746:Wayback Machine 4737: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4705:Conrad, Peter. 4704: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4652: 4648: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4556: 4548:Into the Mystic 4544: 4540: 4531: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4488: 4484: 4473: 4469: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4436: 4432: 4419:Stephen Adams, 4417: 4413: 4409:Snodin, 154–157 4408: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4229:Snodin, 214-215 4228: 4224: 4220:Snodin, 100–106 4219: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4103:Waterhouse, 152 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4066:London Art Fair 3981: 3859:Charles Thomson 3844:Brooklyn Museum 3814:Brooklyn Museum 3770:Charles Saatchi 3722:Charles Thomson 3711: 3704: 3694: 3685: 3671: 3662: 3651:Dora Carrington 3648: 3639: 3625: 3616: 3604: 3595: 3585: 3576: 3562: 3553: 3543: 3534: 3519: 3510: 3500: 3448:, the sculptor 3392:William Tillyer 3242:Venice Biennale 3211:Elisabeth Frink 3187:Michael Andrews 3132:Alfred Munnings 3051:Stanley Spencer 3016:Lucien Pissarro 2951:Dora Carrington 2931:Jessica Dismorr 2923:William Roberts 2885:, the sculptor 2821:The Linked Ring 2794: 2786:A. H. Mackmurdo 2743:Arts and Crafts 2689:Joseph Crawhall 2647:, (portrait of 2589:Pre-Raphaelites 2471:) and employed 2344:etching revival 2332:problem picture 2223:, a scene from 2195:Benjamin Haydon 2190:The Casual Ward 2011: 2005: 1998: 1989:J. M. W. Turner 1986: 1977: 1968:J. M. W. Turner 1965: 1956: 1947:J. M. W. Turner 1944: 1935: 1923: 1914: 1902: 1893: 1890:The White Horse 1883: 1874: 1862: 1853: 1841: 1832: 1823:Thomas Lawrence 1820: 1779:Napoleonic Wars 1771:Thomas Lawrence 1749:Dora Carrington 1740:George Richmond 1714:J. M. W. Turner 1678:J. M. W. Turner 1627: 1620: 1608: 1599: 1587: 1578: 1566: 1557: 1545: 1536: 1529: 1520: 1508: 1499: 1487: 1478: 1466: 1457: 1445: 1436: 1426: 1394:Thomas Sheraton 1228:Joseph Highmore 985: 984: 983: 982: 981: 972:Joshua Reynolds 969: 961: 960: 947: 936: 922:, according to 869:Paul de Lamerie 809: 800:William Hogarth 797: 788: 775: 766: 754: 745: 736:William Hogarth 733: 724: 715:William Hogarth 712: 703: 700:Godfrey Kneller 693: 630:Joshua Reynolds 603:John Vanderbank 528:William Hogarth 521:William Hogarth 477:William Hogarth 465:Blenheim Palace 453:James Thornhill 403:Godfrey Kneller 381: 263:Anglo-Saxon art 207: 191:Main articles: 175: 136:Pre-Raphaelites 124:J. M. W. Turner 112:decorative arts 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10272: 10262: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10249:Art by country 10246: 10241: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10209:Western Sahara 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10174:United Kingdom 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9629:Czech Republic 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 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6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6357: 6355: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6139: 6137: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6065: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6010:Science Museum 6006: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5973: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5948: 5942: 5940: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5883:British Museum 5880: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5858: 5857: 5850: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5813: 5812:External links 5810: 5809: 5808: 5794: 5780: 5763: 5745: 5718: 5700: 5693: 5683: 5673: 5663: 5655:, 1990, HMSO, 5645: 5634: 5628: 5615: 5601: 5587: 5573: 5556: 5549: 5535: 5530: 5515: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5489: 5470: 5455: 5436: 5424:Smith, David. 5417: 5405: 5392: 5373: 5357: 5345: 5330: 5311: 5307:Tate Biography 5299: 5288:on 3 July 2010 5273: 5261: 5250: 5238: 5219: 5200: 5185: 5173: 5161: 5142: 5129: 5113: 5104: 5092: 5075:The Bronze Age 5066: 5048: 5039: 5013: 4996:Art Collection 4983: 4971: 4959: 4950: 4935: 4923: 4916:Gothic Revival 4908: 4896: 4883:Art and Empire 4869: 4850: 4832: 4811: 4802: 4793: 4784: 4775: 4750: 4728: 4726:Piper, 148–151 4719: 4710: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4671: 4646: 4608: 4599: 4590: 4588:Reitlinger, 97 4581: 4572: 4563: 4554: 4538: 4525: 4513: 4511:Piper, 127–129 4504: 4495: 4482: 4467: 4449: 4438:Jack Malvern, 4430: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4285: 4276: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3991:Bristol School 3988: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3961:Norman Ackroyd 3899:Antony Gormley 3881:Jack Vettriano 3855:Billy Childish 3774:conceptual art 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3695: 3688: 3686: 3672: 3665: 3663: 3649: 3642: 3640: 3626: 3619: 3617: 3605: 3598: 3596: 3586: 3579: 3577: 3563: 3556: 3554: 3544: 3537: 3535: 3520: 3513: 3511: 3501: 3494: 3462:Malcolm Morley 3432:Peter Phillips 3404:Barry Flanagan 3380:Ian Stephenson 3372:Howard Hodgkin 3350:In the 1960s, 3286:St Ives school 3179:Frank Auerbach 3155:Victor Pasmore 3096:was a British 3086:Roland Penrose 3047:Eric Ravilious 3004:Charles Ginner 2984:Walter Sickert 2953:, painter and 2935:Helen Saunders 2793: 2790: 2774:Charles Voysey 2755:Gothic Revival 2751:Augustus Pugin 2747:William Burges 2727:British people 2723:British Empire 2716:Beatrix Potter 2712:Kate Greenaway 2673:Celtic Revival 2641:Walter Sickert 2554:Walter Sickert 2550:Impressionists 2477:Edward Poynter 2469:Christmas card 2451:George Clausen 2445:- see above), 2275:Paul Delaroche 2265:Lady Jane Grey 2253:Daniel Maclise 2221:The Kibab Shop 2197:, a friend of 2150:Edward Poynter 2115:Queen Victoria 2111:Edwin Landseer 2105:, 222 × 521 cm 2064:William Morris 2007:Main article: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1987: 1980: 1978: 1966: 1959: 1957: 1952:The Slave Ship 1945: 1938: 1936: 1926:John Constable 1924: 1917: 1915: 1903: 1896: 1894: 1886:John Constable 1884: 1877: 1875: 1865:John Constable 1863: 1856: 1854: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1821: 1814: 1744:Shoreham, Kent 1736:Edward Calvert 1697:John Constable 1685:and full-size 1682:Impressionists 1674:John Constable 1626: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1609: 1602: 1600: 1588: 1581: 1579: 1567: 1560: 1558: 1546: 1539: 1537: 1530: 1523: 1521: 1509: 1502: 1500: 1488: 1481: 1479: 1467: 1460: 1458: 1446: 1439: 1437: 1427: 1420: 1410:Neo-Classicism 1298:British Empire 1290:Johann Zoffany 1281:Nebuchadnezzar 1220:Francis Hayman 1187:Neo-Classicism 1182:Gavin Hamilton 1146:William Gilpin 1112:Richard Wilson 1090:Gilbert Stuart 1088:and the young 970: 963: 962: 948: 941: 940: 939: 938: 937: 935: 932: 885:Georges Wickes 867:refugees like 861:silversmithing 823:Horace Walpole 811: 810: 798: 791: 789: 776: 769: 767: 755: 748: 746: 734: 727: 725: 713: 706: 704: 694: 687: 669:George Lambert 661:Gaspard Dughet 583:Francis Hayman 497:Louis Laguerre 493:Antonio Verrio 442:Charles Jervas 428:, who trained 415:William Aikman 397:The so-called 380: 377: 350:William Dobson 346:William Larkin 281:including the 270:Romanesque art 174: 171: 152:Glasgow School 128:John Constable 69:United Kingdom 42:, c. 1748–1750 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10271: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10179:United States 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9729:Guinea-Bissau 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9454: 9450: 9443: 9438: 9436: 9431: 9429: 9424: 9423: 9420: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9382:Faroe Islands 9380: 9378: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9366: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9354:South Ossetia 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9206:Liechtenstein 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9059: 9054: 9052: 9047: 9045: 9040: 9039: 9036: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9003:Faroe Islands 9001: 9000: 8998: 8992: 8987: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8975:South Ossetia 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8945: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8852:Liechtenstein 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8630: 8625: 8623: 8618: 8616: 8611: 8610: 8607: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8581: 8577: 8574: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8376: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8073: 8067: 8066:Welfare state 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8011:Mental health 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7954:Ethnic groups 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7878:Bus transport 7876: 7874: 7873:Air transport 7871: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7820: 7818: 7817:Manufacturing 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7791: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7770: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7721: 7718: 7717: 7716: 7713: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7693:Civil service 7691: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7619:republicanism 7617: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7539: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7439:North Sea oil 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7406: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7337:Great Britain 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7328: 7327:British Isles 7325: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7126:Edwardian era 7124: 7122: 7121:Victorian era 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7086: 7079: 7074: 7072: 7067: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7056: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6916:Charles Clore 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6900: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6882: 6881:Maria Balshaw 6879: 6877: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6842: 6841:D. S. MacColl 6839: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6771: 6766: 6764: 6759: 6757: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6736: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6679:Eltham Palace 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6626:Osterley Park 6624: 6622: 6619: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6611:Lindsey House 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6576:2 Willow Road 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6417:Cuming Museum 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6402:Barnet Museum 6400: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6305:Postal Museum 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6235:Garden Museum 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6215:Design Museum 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6162: 6158: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6100:Jewish Museum 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6066: 6052: 6051:Young V&A 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5987:Queen's House 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5836: 5834: 5829: 5828: 5825: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5807: 5806:3-7913-1254-5 5803: 5799: 5795: 5793: 5792:9781854370587 5789: 5785: 5781: 5779: 5778:0-300-05319-3 5775: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5761:1-85681-534-X 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5734:0-500-27132-1 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5717: 5716:0-86294-046-X 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5661:0-11-290463-7 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5613:3-7757-1248-8 5610: 5606: 5602: 5600: 5599:0-14-056129-3 5596: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5585:0-7141-2609-8 5582: 5578: 5574: 5572: 5571:0-7126-1820-1 5568: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5550: 5548: 5547:1-85709-170-1 5544: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5517: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5467: 5464: 5459: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5440: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5421: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5377: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5355:, p. 17. 5354: 5349: 5341: 5334: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5315: 5308: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5270: 5265: 5259: 5254: 5247: 5242: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5223: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5204: 5197: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5177: 5170: 5165: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5146: 5139: 5136:Arnason, H., 5133: 5126: 5120: 5118: 5108: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5088: 5087:Tate Magazine 5083: 5079: 5076: 5070: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5043: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4963: 4954: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4905: 4900: 4885: 4884: 4876: 4874: 4867: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4829: 4828:1-880908-70-0 4825: 4822:, pp. 51-52, 4821: 4815: 4806: 4797: 4788: 4779: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4723: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4693: 4684: 4675: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4635:0-300-12190-3 4632: 4628: 4627:Vivien Knight 4624: 4620: 4619: 4612: 4603: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4558: 4551: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4529: 4522: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4492: 4486: 4479: 4477: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4421:The Telegraph 4415: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4181: 4172: 4163: 4154: 4145: 4136: 4127: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4082: 4078: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3976: 3974: 3973:Richard Spare 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3957:Grayson Perry 3953: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3920:Event Horizon 3916: 3915: 3914:Another Place 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3849:In 1999, the 3847: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3810:Marcus Harvey 3807: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3778:installations 3775: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3657:E. M. Forster 3652: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3607:David Bomberg 3602: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3474:Bridget Riley 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428:Derek Boshier 3425: 3421: 3420:David Hockney 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3336:, and artist 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3290:William Scott 3287: 3283: 3282:Patrick Heron 3279: 3275: 3271: 3270:Ben Nicholson 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3254:Lynn Chadwick 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3199:Neo-Romantics 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3171:Francis Bacon 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159:William Scott 3156: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3128:Augustus John 3125: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028:Samuel Peploe 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2996:Harold Gilman 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2979: 2978:Ben Nicholson 2974: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891:David Bomberg 2888: 2884: 2883:Wyndham Lewis 2880: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2869:expressionist 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2853:Impressionism 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2837:William Orpen 2834: 2833:Augustus John 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2813:Frank Dicksee 2806: 2802: 2798: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2759:stained glass 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2694: 2693:James Guthrie 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2661:Impressionism 2658: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2566:Newlyn School 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2546:Alfred Sisley 2543: 2541: 2537: 2536:Egyptian Hall 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2520:Lord Leighton 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2391:Paris Commune 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2367:David Roberts 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2325: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2304: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2178:The Derby Day 2174: 2173: 2167: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138:Lord Leighton 2134: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2119:Prince Albert 2116: 2112: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2097:Lord Leighton 2094: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2003:Victorian art 1996: 1995: 1990: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1844:William Blake 1839: 1834: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1818: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783:Henry Raeburn 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1672:(1757–1827), 1671: 1670:William Blake 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658:Samuel Palmer 1655: 1651: 1647: 1639: 1638:Self-portrait 1635: 1634:Samuel Palmer 1631: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1511:George Stubbs 1506: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1474:Whistlejacket 1470: 1469:George Stubbs 1464: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1392:(1718–1779), 1391: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1335:James Gillray 1332: 1328: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1303:Company style 1299: 1295: 1291: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1276:William Blake 1273: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1203:Benjamin West 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134:Francis Towne 1131: 1127: 1123: 1122:Lake District 1118: 1113: 1105: 1104:Francis Towne 1101: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1077:Emma Hamilton 1073: 1072:George Romney 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 995:(1724–1806), 994: 993:George Stubbs 991:(1723–1792), 990: 979: 978: 973: 967: 958: 956: 951: 945: 931: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 883:, as well as 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 824: 820: 819:George Vertue 817:and engraver 816: 807: 806: 801: 795: 790: 786: 785: 779: 778:Thomas Hudson 773: 768: 764: 763: 758: 752: 747: 743: 742: 737: 731: 726: 722: 721: 716: 710: 705: 701: 697: 691: 686: 685: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 636: 635:Thomas Hudson 631: 627: 622: 620: 616: 615:Royal Academy 612: 608: 604: 600: 590: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 563: 561: 557: 553: 552: 547: 546: 541: 540: 534: 529: 522: 518: 517: 512: 508: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 438:Thomas Hudson 435: 431: 427: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 392: 391: 385: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 357: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 255:Book of Kells 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 223:Beaker people 220: 216: 212: 206: 202: 198: 194: 186: 185: 179: 170: 168: 164: 163:Modernist art 159: 157: 153: 149: 145: 139: 137: 133: 132:Samuel Palmer 129: 125: 121: 120:William Blake 117: 113: 109: 104: 102: 101:landscape art 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 58: 57: 52: 48: 41: 40: 35: 31: 27: 19: 10173: 10084:South Africa 10059:Sierra Leone 10044:Saudi Arabia 9564:Burkina Faso 9359:Transnistria 9320: 8991:Dependencies 8980:Transnistria 8636:European art 8444:Homelessness 8258:Homelessness 8083: 8041:Social class 8021:Prostitution 7964:Homelessness 7745:British Army 7577:Human rights 7565:By-elections 7545:Constitution 7116:Georgian era 7041: 7040:Purchase of 7032: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6937:Turner Prize 6870:Alan Bowness 6852:J. B. Manson 6806:Tate St Ives 6791:Tate Britain 6664:Apsley House 6646:Sutton House 6631:Rainham Hall 6601:Fenton House 6407:Bruce Castle 6371:Freud Museum 6028:Tate Britain 5952: 5797: 5783: 5769: 5752: 5741: 5737: 5725: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5679: 5676:Piper, David 5669: 5652: 5637: 5619: 5604: 5590: 5576: 5562: 5552: 5538: 5521: 5503:The Observer 5502: 5492: 5482: 5473: 5458: 5450:The Guardian 5448: 5439: 5431:The Observer 5429: 5420: 5408: 5395: 5385: 5376: 5360: 5348: 5339: 5333: 5314: 5302: 5290:. Retrieved 5286:the original 5276: 5264: 5253: 5241: 5222: 5203: 5194: 5188: 5176: 5164: 5145: 5137: 5132: 5124: 5107: 5095: 5085: 5069: 5059: 5051: 5042: 5030:. Retrieved 5026: 5016: 5004:. Retrieved 5000:the original 4995: 4986: 4974: 4962: 4953: 4948:, p. 5. 4926: 4911: 4906:, p. 3. 4899: 4888:, retrieved 4882: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4845:the original 4835: 4819: 4814: 4805: 4796: 4787: 4778: 4722: 4713: 4706: 4701: 4692: 4683: 4674: 4659:(1871), now 4654: 4649: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4602: 4593: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4557: 4547: 4541: 4533: 4528: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4485: 4475: 4470: 4461: 4452: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4405: 4396: 4387: 4378: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4346:Pevsner, 159 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4279: 4270: 4261: 4252: 4247:Pevsner, 172 4243: 4234: 4225: 4216: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4153: 4144: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4031:Tate Britain 3938: 3928: 3925:Anish Kapoor 3918: 3912: 3902: 3897: 3866: 3848: 3817: 3806:Myra Hindley 3799: 3793: 3790: 3763: 3751:Damien Hirst 3743:Turner Prize 3733: 3725: 3700: 3677: 3655:Portrait of 3654: 3631: 3612:The Mud Bath 3610: 3591: 3572: 3565:Spencer Gore 3549: 3524: 3506: 3485: 3466:Turner Prize 3458:Photorealism 3446:Gerald Laing 3439: 3408:Richard Long 3400:Bruce McLean 3368:John Hoyland 3360:Phillip King 3356:Isaac Witkin 3349: 3325: 3318:Tate Britain 3307: 3294: 3278:Peter Lanyon 3237: 3231: 3229: 3225:Lucian Freud 3195:John Craxton 3183:Leon Kossoff 3175:Lucian Freud 3151:World War II 3148: 3144:Cecil Beaton 3140:Angus McBean 3119: 3113: 3078:John Tunnard 3040: 3008:Robert Bevan 2982: 2973:Duncan Grant 2969:Vanessa Bell 2943:The Sitwells 2873: 2817:Pictorialism 2810: 2804: 2792:20th century 2767: 2739: 2720: 2708:Walter Crane 2697: 2685:George Henry 2657:Glasgow Boys 2654: 2644: 2623:E. W. Godwin 2610: 2570: 2544: 2497: 2459: 2440: 2429: 2421: 2408: 2387:James Tissot 2379:Richard Dadd 2352: 2337: 2329: 2322: 2318:Peter Conrad 2311: 2308:Augustus Egg 2301: 2298: 2292: 2268: 2246: 2240: 2230: 2220: 2206: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2163: 2154:Albert Moore 2135: 2128: 2122: 2108: 2100: 2076: 2029: 2017: 1992: 1971: 1950: 1929: 1908: 1905:David Wilkie 1889: 1868: 1847: 1826: 1808:Henry Fuseli 1803:John Flaxman 1801: 1794: 1787:David Wilkie 1769: 1732:John Linnell 1725: 1717: 1702:The Hay Wain 1700: 1687:oil sketches 1643: 1637: 1614: 1593: 1572: 1551: 1514: 1493: 1472: 1451: 1432: 1408:gave way to 1387: 1343: 1325: 1316: 1287: 1284:, after 1795 1279: 1259: 1253: 1231: 1217: 1210: 1194: 1175: 1167: 1126:watercolours 1109: 1099: 1082:John Hoppner 1070: 1054: 1045: 1030: 1022: 1009: 986: 975: 955:The Blue Boy 953: 916:Palladianism 912:William Kent 905: 901:Lincolnshire 893:Spitalfields 873:Paul Crespin 858: 854:brother John 831: 826: 812: 803: 782:Portrait of 781: 760: 757:Allan Ramsay 744:, c. 1743-45 739: 718: 673:Samuel Scott 645:horse racing 641:John Wootton 639: 626:Allan Ramsay 623: 607:Louis Chéron 595: 571:Grand Manner 564: 549: 543: 537: 526: 514: 501: 449:lower genres 446: 426:Gerard Soest 423: 419:Allan Ramsay 396: 388: 358: 326:Hans Holbein 299: 267: 239:Roman period 208: 201:Scottish art 182: 160: 156:Academic art 140: 105: 81:Scottish art 64: 62: 54: 37: 26: 10259:Western art 10244:British art 10119:Switzerland 10094:South Sudan 10089:South Korea 10009:Philippines 9959:North Korea 9939:New Zealand 9934:Netherlands 9794:Ivory Coast 9459:Afghanistan 9397:Isle of Man 9332:recognition 9306:Switzerland 9241:Netherlands 9018:Isle of Man 8951:recognition 8897:Switzerland 8756:Netherlands 8531:Health care 8439:Health care 8345:Health care 8253:Health care 8161:Anglosphere 8036:Social care 7991:Immigration 7934:Drug policy 7698:Departments 7626:Nationality 7399:Agriculture 7332:terminology 7299:City status 7170:Since 1979 6930:Exhibitions 6891:Benefactors 6864:Norman Reid 6801:Tate Modern 6694:London Wall 6684:Jewel Tower 6641:Roman Baths 6412:Burgh House 6033:Tate Modern 5749:Strong, Roy 5722:Strong, Roy 5208:tate.org.uk 4769:, from the 3969:Barbara Rae 3949:land artist 3947:of British 3824:Chris Ofili 3786:Jay Jopling 3759:Tracey Emin 3735:Post-modern 3684:, 1963–1964 3674:Henry Moore 3636:World War I 3487:An Oak Tree 3454:R. B. Kitaj 3450:Allen Jones 3436:Peter Blake 3384:Robyn Denny 3376:John Walker 3338:John McHale 3274:Terry Frost 3191:John Minton 3136:Bill Brandt 3090:Henry Moore 3055:typographer 2829:John Lavery 2782:Art Nouveau 2735:Australasia 2665:Art Nouveau 2649:Helen Carte 2615:Tite Street 2607:John Ruskin 2528:Bond Street 2500:Paris Salon 2437:Luke Fildes 2418:John Ruskin 2371:Edward Lear 2355:Orientalism 2340:printmaking 2306:(1853) and 2146:G. F. Watts 2079:John Ruskin 1666:John Martin 1414:Robert Adam 1406:Chinoiserie 1266:chiaroscuro 1258:(1768) and 1224:Shakespeare 1191:James Barry 1150:picturesque 1130:Paul Sandby 621:from 1746. 560:printmaking 556:Old Masters 251:Insular art 193:English art 144:Reformation 97:Middle Ages 77:English art 51:Henry Moore 10233:Categories 10189:Uzbekistan 10134:Tajikistan 9914:Mozambique 9904:Montenegro 9869:Luxembourg 9829:Kyrgyzstan 9814:Kazakhstan 9644:East Timor 9609:Costa Rica 9509:Bangladesh 9499:Azerbaijan 9276:San Marino 9236:Montenegro 9216:Luxembourg 9196:Kazakhstan 9099:Azerbaijan 8887:San Marino 8867:Montenegro 8847:Kazakhstan 8822:Azerbaijan 8746:Luxembourg 8497:Government 8405:Government 8400:Parliament 8116:Literature 7996:Innovation 7929:Demography 7824:(currency) 7673:Government 7631:Parliament 7555:Devolution 7550:Corruption 7485:Materials 7419:geothermal 7103:Chronology 7011:Shibboleth 6997:Embankment 6899:Henry Tate 6674:Down House 6615:restricted 6553:Kew Palace 6520:Royal Mews 6422:Forty Hall 6354:(selected) 6245:Hall Place 5977:Cutty Sark 5292:9 December 5032:18 October 4890:24 October 4678:Piper, 131 4570:Piper, 135 4502:Piper, 116 4073:References 3940:Sky Mirror 3930:Cloud Gate 3885:Beryl Cook 3796:exhibition 3766:exhibition 3414:. British 3388:John Plumb 3342:art critic 3266:Alan Davie 3250:Reg Butler 3215:L.S. Lowry 3207:John Piper 3130:, and Sir 3115:Atelier 17 3106:Surrealism 3102:printmaker 3074:Surrealism 2971:, painter 2967:, painter 2965:Clive Bell 2962:art critic 2955:art critic 2845:modern art 2651:), c. 1885 2604:art critic 2465:Henry Cole 2447:Frank Holl 2415:art critic 2327:cartoons. 2310:'s set of 2175:, Frith's 1777:after the 1761:beat poets 1654:James Ward 1379:bone china 1331:caricature 1307:Indian art 1106:circa 1812 1052:painting. 1046:Discourses 879:, and the 852:, and his 840:who had a 681:Grand Tour 430:John Riley 407:Peter Lely 361:marine art 274:Gothic art 231:Celtic art 211:Stonehenge 173:Background 10199:Venezuela 10104:Sri Lanka 10064:Singapore 9984:Palestine 9944:Nicaragua 9864:Lithuania 9764:Indonesia 9719:Guatemala 9489:Australia 9479:Argentina 9387:Gibraltar 9211:Lithuania 9008:Gibraltar 8741:Lithuania 8526:Education 8482:Geography 8434:Education 8390:Geography 8340:Education 8311:Executive 8296:Geography 8248:Education 8221:Geography 8001:Languages 7939:Education 7865:Transport 7703:Ministers 7589:Judiciary 7560:Elections 7500:Wildlife 7409:biodiesel 7391:Resources 7381:Volcanoes 7371:Mountains 7356:Coastline 7258:Geography 7212:1814–1919 7174:political 7159:political 7111:Formation 7034:Tate Etc. 7004:Test Site 6905:Hugh Lane 6827:Directors 6784:Galleries 6636:Red House 5006:5 October 4579:Piper, 84 3909:Gateshead 3851:Stuckists 3794:Sensation 3661:1924–1925 3628:Paul Nash 3552:, c. 1912 3546:Roger Fry 3530:1911, in 3418:painters 3347:as well. 3058:Eric Gill 3043:Paul Nash 2958:Roger Fry 2879:Modernist 2875:Vorticism 2865:symbolist 2849:Modernist 2841:Gwen John 2600:Symbolism 2383:Palestine 2068:Victorian 2026:, 1851-52 1753:Paul Nash 1640:, c. 1826 1619:, 1785–88 1577:, 1780–81 1535:(1776–7)] 1498:, c. 1766 1477:, c. 1762 1435:c. 1747-9 1366:Liverpool 1358:Worcester 1354:Lowestoft 1346:porcelain 1339:mezzotint 1064:and then 815:antiquary 784:John Byng 677:Canaletto 649:Newmarket 599:academies 390:The Bench 322:naive art 247:interlace 229:style of 205:Welsh art 197:Irish art 89:Irish art 85:Welsh art 10219:Zimbabwe 10139:Thailand 10109:Suriname 10074:Slovenia 10069:Slovakia 10019:Portugal 9999:Paraguay 9979:Pakistan 9899:Mongolia 9879:Malaysia 9744:Honduras 9674:Ethiopia 9639:Djibouti 9604:Colombia 9579:Cameroon 9574:Cambodia 9559:Bulgaria 9544:Botswana 9407:Svalbard 9392:Guernsey 9339:Abkhazia 9291:Slovenia 9286:Slovakia 9261:Portugal 9119:Bulgaria 9013:Guernsey 8960:Abkhazia 8927:Scotland 8781:Slovenia 8776:Slovakia 8766:Portugal 8671:Bulgaria 8589:Category 8541:Religion 8487:Politics 8454:Religion 8395:Politics 8383:timeline 8370:Scotland 8355:Religion 8306:Assembly 8301:Politics 8268:Religion 8226:Politics 8214:timeline 8131:Religion 8111:Identity 7974:Scotland 7919:Cannabis 7845:Taxation 7732:Military 7614:monarchs 7609:Monarchy 7529:Politics 7489:forestry 7469:Scottish 7460:Fishing 7319:Physical 7239:Taxation 7234:Military 7224:Maritime 7197:Economic 7190:By topic 7155:Postwar 7149:military 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7094:History 5953:Belfast 5740:in US; 5514:Sources 4861:in the 4665:Homburg 3935:Chicago 3865:staged 3832:collage 3828:Madonna 3594:c. 1913 3567:of the 3416:pop art 3322:Pop Art 3301:pop art 3165:by the 3098:painter 2867:and an 2619:Chelsea 2225:Scutari 2203:Dickens 2130:Bubbles 2085:as the 2019:Ophelia 1372:, with 1062:Ipswich 653:hunting 633:stodgy 569:in the 457:Baroque 306:England 227:La Tène 187:, 1570s 10164:Tuvalu 10159:Turkey 10129:Taiwan 10114:Sweden 10054:Serbia 10039:Rwanda 10034:Russia 10014:Poland 9989:Panama 9969:Norway 9889:Mexico 9874:Malawi 9839:Latvia 9824:Kuwait 9819:Kosovo 9809:Jordan 9784:Israel 9734:Guyana 9724:Guinea 9714:Greece 9689:France 9624:Cyprus 9584:Canada 9554:Brunei 9549:Brazil 9534:Bhutan 9524:Belize 9474:Angola 9402:Jersey 9344:Kosovo 9311:Turkey 9301:Sweden 9281:Serbia 9271:Russia 9256:Poland 9251:Norway 9231:Monaco 9201:Latvia 9169:Greece 9154:France 9129:Cyprus 9023:Jersey 8965:Kosovo 8902:Turkey 8892:Serbia 8882:Russia 8877:Norway 8862:Monaco 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