5567:
the Indian Empire. From 1937 onwards, British India was divided into 17 administrations: the three
Presidencies of Madras, Bombay and Bengal, and the 14 provinces of the United Provinces, Punjab, Bihar, the Central Provinces and Berar, Assam, the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), Orissa, Sind, British Baluchistan, Delhi, Ajmer-Merwara, Coorg, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Panth Piploda. The Presidencies and the first eight provinces were each under a governor, while the latter six provinces were each under a chief commissioner. The viceroy directly governed the chief commissioner provinces through each respective chief commissioner, while the Presidencies and the provinces under governors were allowed greater autonomy under the Government of India Act. Each Presidency or province headed by a governor had either a provincial bicameral legislature (in the Presidencies, the United Provinces, Bihar and Assam) or a unicameral legislature (in the Punjab, Central Provinces and Berar, NWFP, Orissa and Sind). The governor of each presidency or province represented the Crown in his capacity, and was assisted by a ministers appointed from the members of each provincial legislature. Each provincial legislature had a life of five years, barring any special circumstances such as wartime conditions. All bills passed by the provincial legislature were either signed or rejected by the governor, who could also issue proclamations or promulgate ordinances while the legislature was in recess, as the need arose.
5668:
productivity-led growth by using high-yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizers and more intensive application of water. All these three inputs were subsidised by the state. The result was, on average, no long-term change in per capita income levels, though cost of living had grown higher. Agriculture was still dominant, with most peasants at the subsistence level. Extensive irrigation systems were built, providing an impetus for switching to cash crops for export and for raw materials for Indian industry, especially jute, cotton, sugarcane, coffee and tea. India's global share of GDP fell drastically from above 20% to less than 5% in the colonial period. Historians have been bitterly divided on issues of economic history, with the
Nationalist school (following Nehru) arguing that India was poorer at the end of British rule than at the beginning and that impoverishment occurred because of the British.
2509:. Although the bills were authorised for legislative consideration by Edwin Montagu, they were done so unwillingly, with the accompanying declaration, "I loathe the suggestion at first sight of preserving the Defence of India Act in peacetime to such an extent as Rowlatt and his friends think necessary." In the ensuing discussion and vote in the Imperial Legislative Council, all Indian members voiced opposition to the bills. The Government of India was, nevertheless, able to use of its "official majority" to ensure passage of the bills early in 1919. However, what it passed, in deference to the Indian opposition, was a lesser version of the first bill, which now allowed extrajudicial powers, but for a period of exactly three years and for the prosecution solely of "anarchical and revolutionary movements", dropping entirely the second bill involving modification the
5919:, from India's hinterland could be transported more efficiently to ports, such as Bombay, for subsequent export to England. Likewise, finished goods from England, were transported back, just as efficiently, for sale in the burgeoning Indian markets. Massive railway projects were begun in earnest and government railway jobs and pensions attracted a large number of upper caste Hindus into the civil services for the first time. The Indian Civil Service was prestigious and paid well. It remained politically neutral. Imports of British cotton cloth captured more than half the Indian market in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Industrial production as it developed in European factories was unknown until the 1850s when the first cotton mills were opened in Bombay, posing a challenge to the cottage-based home production system based on family labour.
5303:, whose members were required, as one prerequisite of membership, to have spent at least ten years in India and to have done so no more than ten years before. Although the secretary of state formulated the policy instructions to be communicated to India, he was required in most instances to consult the Council, but especially so in matters relating to spending of Indian revenues. The Act envisaged a system of "double government" in which the Council ideally served both as a check on excesses in imperial policy-making and as a body of up-to-date expertise on India. However, the secretary of state also had special emergency powers that allowed him to make unilateral decisions, and, in reality, the Council's expertise was sometimes outdated. From 1858 until 1947, twenty-seven individuals served as Secretary of State for India and directed the
85:
2889:
2805:
11014:
gradually expanded its influence in South Asia, in the first instance through coastal trading posts at Surat, Madras and
Calcutta. (The British) expanded their influence, winning political control of Bengal and Bihar after the Battle of Plassey in 1757. From here, the Company expanded its influence dramatically across the subcontinent. By 1857, it had direct control over much of the region. The great rebellion of that year, however, demonstrated the limitations of this commercial company's ability to administer these vast territories, and in 1858 the Company was effectively nationalized, with the British Crown assuming administrative control. Hence began the period known as the British Raj, which ended in 1947 with the partition of the subcontinent into the independent nation-states of India and Pakistan.
2738:(ICS), but it faced growing difficulties. Fewer and fewer young men in Britain were interested in joining, and the continuing distrust of Indians resulted in a declining base in terms of quality and quantity. By 1945 Indians were numerically dominant in the ICS and at issue was divided loyalty between the Empire and independence. The finances of the Raj depended on land taxes, and these became problematic in the 1930s. Epstein argues that after 1919 it became harder and harder to collect the land revenue. The Raj's suppression of civil disobedience after 1934 temporarily increased the power of the revenue agents but after 1937 they were forced by the new Congress-controlled provincial governments to hand back confiscated land. Again the outbreak of war strengthened them, in the face of the
8078:
25326:
1566:; small changes in the civil services; speeding up the operations of the secretariat; setting up a gold standard to ensure a stable currency; creation of a Railway Board; irrigation reform; reduction of peasant debts; lowering the cost of telegrams; archaeological research and the preservation of antiquities; improvements in the universities; police reforms; upgrading the roles of the Native States; a new Commerce and Industry Department; promotion of industry; revised land revenue policies; lowering taxes; setting up agricultural banks; creating an Agricultural Department; sponsoring agricultural research; establishing an Imperial Library; creating an Imperial Cadet Corps; new famine codes; and, indeed, reducing the smoke nuisance in Calcutta.
5211:(i.e. the presidencies and provinces), as they were not directly under British rule. The larger ones had treaties with Britain that specified which rights the princes had; in the smaller ones the princes had few rights. Within the princely states external affairs, defence and most communications were under British control. The British also exercised a general influence over the states' internal politics, in part through the granting or withholding of recognition of individual rulers. Although there were nearly 600 princely states, the great majority were very small and contracted out the business of government to the British. Some two hundred of the states had an area of less than 25 square kilometres (10 square miles). The last vestige of the
2777:
2824:
1346:
5374:
2584:
10919:
system on the amalgam of Muslim, Hindu and
English law which had been haphazardly administered in British courts. The fruits of the Bentinck era were significant. But they were only of general importance in so far as they went with the grain of social changes which were already gathering pace in India. The Bombay and Calcutta intelligentsia were taking to English education well before the Education Minute of 1836. Flowery Persian was already giving way in north India to the fluid and demotic Urdu. As for changes in the legal system, they were only implemented after the Rebellion of 1857 when communications improved and more substantial sums of money were made available for education.
1988:, a European woman, and ordinarily more problematic to imprison, was arrested in 1917. Now, as constitutional reform began to be discussed in earnest, the British began to consider how new moderate Indians could be brought into the fold of constitutional politics and, simultaneously, how the hand of established constitutionalists could be strengthened. However, since the Government of India wanted to ensure against any sabotage of the reform process by extremists, and since its reform plan was devised during a time when extremist violence had ebbed as a result of increased governmental control, it also began to consider how some of its wartime powers could be extended into peacetime.
2556:
3391:
2619:
7584:
117:
977:
1097:
1030:
10887:(modern day Uttar Pradesh) a highly technical form of Urdu was used in the Nastaliq script, by both Muslims and Hindus. The same was the case in the government offices. In the various other regions of India, local vernaculars were used as official language in the lower courts and in government offices. ... In certain parts South Asia, Urdu was written in several scripts. Kaithi was a popular script used for both Urdu and Hindi. By 1880, Kaithi was used as court language in Bihar. However, in 1881, Hindi in Devanagari script replaced Urdu in the Nastaliq script in Bihar. In Panjab, Urdu was written in Nastaliq, Devanagari, Kaithi, and Gurumukhi.
7812:
sports was a way for soldiers to "defend themselves from the magic of the land". Though the
British had generally excluded Indians from their play during the time of Company rule, over time they began to see the inculcation of British sports among the native populace as a way of spreading British values. At the same time, some of the Indian elite began to move towards British sports as a way of adapting to British culture and thus helping themselves to rise up the ranks; later on, more Indians began to play British sports in an effort to beat the British at their own sports, as a way of proving that the Indians were equal to their colonisers.
3355:
13916:, into three periods. From the beginning of the seventeenth century to the middle of the eighteenth century the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century, the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the mutiny of 1857 the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown, and then follows an era of peace in which India awakens to new life and progress."
1153:. It was now felt that traditions and customs in India were too strong and too rigid to be changed easily; consequently, no more British social interventions were made, especially in matters dealing with religion, even when the British felt very strongly about the issue (as in the instance of the remarriage of Hindu child widows). This was exemplified further in Queen Victoria's Proclamation released immediately after the rebellion. The proclamation stated that 'We disclaim alike our Right and Desire to impose Our Convictions on any of Our Subjects'; demonstrating official British commitment to abstaining from social intervention in India.
2354:, cautioned that the Government of India needed to be more responsive to Indian opinion. Towards the end of the year, after discussions with the government in London, he suggested that the British demonstrate their good faith—in light of the Indian war role—through a number of public actions, including awards of titles and honours to princes, granting of commissions in the army to Indians, and removal of the much-reviled cotton excise duty, but, most importantly, an announcement of Britain's future plans for India and an indication of some concrete steps. After more discussion, in August 1917, the new Liberal secretary of state for India,
3367:
2596:
1225:
3379:
2264:. Soon, under pressure from the Viceroy in Delhi who was anxious to maintain domestic peace during wartime, the provincial government rescinded Gandhi's expulsion order, and later agreed to an official enquiry into the case. Although the British planters eventually gave in, they were not won over to the farmers' cause, and thereby did not produce the optimal outcome of a Satyagraha that Gandhi had hoped for; similarly, the farmers themselves, although pleased at the resolution, responded less than enthusiastically to the concurrent projects of rural empowerment and education that Gandhi had inaugurated in keeping with his ideal of
1690:
1085:
5470:(£18,810 p.a.). He headed the Viceroy's Executive Council, each member of which had responsibility for a department of the central administration. From 1 April 1937, the position of Governor-General in Council, which the viceroy and governor-general concurrently held in the capacity of representing the Crown in relations with the Indian princely states, was replaced by the designation of "HM Representative for the Exercise of the Functions of the Crown in its Relations with the Indian States", or the "Crown Representative". The Executive Council was greatly expanded during the Second World War, and in 1947 comprised 14
1128:, had been hurriedly building an India which they envisaged to be on par with Britain itself in the quality and strength of its economic and social institutions. After the rebellion, they became more circumspect. Much thought was devoted to the causes of the rebellion and three main lessons were drawn. First, at a practical level, it was felt that there needed to be more communication and camaraderie between the British and Indians—not just between British army officers and their Indian staff but in civilian life as well. The Indian army was completely reorganised: units composed of the Muslims and Brahmins of the
7754:
1361:
4622:; the remaining approximately 500 states were dependents of the provincial governments of British India under a governor, lieutenant-governor, or chief commissioner (as the case might have been). A clear distinction between "dominion" and "suzerainty" was supplied by the jurisdiction of the courts of law: the law of British India rested upon the laws passed by the British Parliament and the legislative powers those laws vested in the various governments of British India, both central and local; in contrast, the courts of the Princely States existed under the authority of the respective rulers of those states.
1202:
1132:, who had formed the core of the rebellion, were disbanded. New regiments, like the Sikhs and Baluchis, composed of Indians who, in British estimation, had demonstrated steadfastness, were formed. From then on, the Indian army was to remain unchanged in its organisation until 1947. The 1861 Census had revealed that the English population in India was 125,945. Of these only about 41,862 were civilians as compared with about 84,083 European officers and men of the Army. In 1880, the standing Indian Army consisted of 66,000 British soldiers, 130,000 Natives, and 350,000 soldiers in the princely armies.
5998:
1918:
1853:
1876:
10770:
language of the ultimate ruling authority, English. For such purposes, Hindustani was equated with Urdu, as opposed to any geographically defined dialect of Hindi and was given official status through large parts of north India. Written in the
Persian script with a largely Persian and, via Persian, an Arabic vocabulary, Urdu stood at the shortest distance from the previous situation and was easily attainable by the same personnel. In the wake of this official transformation, the British government began to make its first significant efforts on behalf of vernacular education.
2405:, and domiciled Europeans, in both provincial and Imperial legislative councils. The Montagu–Chelmsford reforms offered Indians the most significant opportunity yet for exercising legislative power, especially at the provincial level; however, that opportunity was also restricted by the still limited number of eligible voters, by the small budgets available to provincial legislatures, and by the presence of rural and special interest seats that were seen as instruments of British control. Its scope was unsatisfactory to the Indian political leadership, famously expressed by
1069:
3134:
1543:
7832:
2280:, where workers in an Indian-owned textile mill were distressed about their low wages. The satyagraha in Ahmedabad took the form of Gandhi fasting and supporting the workers in a strike, which eventually led to a settlement. In Kaira, in contrast, although the farmers' cause received publicity from Gandhi's presence, the satyagraha itself, which consisted of the farmers' collective decision to withhold payment, was not immediately successful, as the British authorities refused to back down. The agitation in Kaira gained for Gandhi another lifelong lieutenant in
3329:
1008:
1899:
1166:
1671:
2424:
3146:
1705:
1265:. Although famines were not new to the subcontinent, these were particularly severe, with tens of millions dying, and with many critics, both British and Indian, laying the blame at the doorsteps of the lumbering colonial administrations. There were also salutary effects: commercial cropping, especially in the newly canalled Punjab, led to increased food production for internal consumption. The railway network provided critical famine relief, notably reduced the cost of moving goods, and helped nascent Indian-owned industry. After, the
1318:
1109:
1759:, for example, had not only supported Cow Protection Societies in their agitation, but also—distraught at the 1871 Census's Muslim numbers—organized "reconversion" events for the purpose of welcoming Muslims back to the Hindu fold. In 1905, when Tilak and Lajpat Rai attempted to rise to leadership positions in the Congress, and the Congress itself rallied around the symbolism of Kali, Muslim fears increased. It was not lost on many Muslims, for example, that the rallying cry, "Bande Mataram", had first appeared in the novel
1182:
2358:, announced the British aim of "increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration, and the gradual development of self-governing institutions, with a view to the progressive realisation of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire". Although the plan envisioned limited self-government at first only in the provinces—with India emphatically within the British Empire—it represented the first British proposal for any form of representative government in a non-white colony.
1296:
1527:
3085:
1504:
1046:
13531:, General Auckinleck were advising that there was a real threat in 1946 of large-scale anti-British disorder amounting to even a well-organised rising aiming to expel the British by paralysing the administration. Quote:...it was clear to Attlee that everything depended on the spirit and reliability of the Indian Army:"Provided that they do their duty, armed insurrection in India would not be an insoluble problem. If, however, the Indian Army was to go the other way, the picture would be very different...
5459:, for more consultation with Indians, the Indians so appointed were from the landed aristocracy, often chosen for their loyalty, and far from representative. Even so, the "... tiny advances in the practice of representative government were intended to provide safety valves for the expression of public opinion, which had been so badly misjudged before the rebellion". Indian affairs now also came to be more closely examined in the British Parliament and more widely discussed in the British press.
3180:
2901:
5842:. With shipments of equipment and parts from Britain curtailed, maintenance became much more difficult; critical workers entered the army; workshops were converted to making munitions; the locomotives, rolling stock, and track of some entire lines were shipped to the Middle East. The railways could barely keep up with the increased demand. By the end of the war, the railways had deteriorated for lack of maintenance and were not profitable. In 1923, both GIPR and EIR were nationalised.
20128:
5722:(1839–1904) began his industrial career in 1877 with the Central India Spinning, Weaving, and Manufacturing Company in Bombay. While other Indian mills produced cheap coarse yarn (and later cloth) using local short-staple cotton and cheap machinery imported from Britain, Tata did much better by importing expensive longer-stapled cotton from Egypt and buying more complex ring-spindle machinery from the United States to spin finer yarn that could compete with imports from Britain.
7237:
2138:
20137:
2304:
2477:. To combat subversive acts in these regions, the committee unanimously recommended that the government use emergency powers akin to its wartime authority, which included the ability to try cases of sedition by a panel of three judges and without juries, exaction of securities from suspects, governmental overseeing of residences of suspects, and the power for provincial governments to arrest and detain suspects in short-term detention facilities and without trial.
2323:
5351:
10153:
6309:
23533:
6664:
5846:
welfare of
European workers, and any Indian deaths were "either ignored or merely mentioned as a cold statistical figure." The government's Stores Policy required that bids on railway contracts be made to the India Office in London, shutting out most Indian firms. The railway companies purchased most of their hardware and parts in Britain. There were railway maintenance workshops in India, but they were rarely allowed to manufacture or repair locomotives.
2979:]. They neither intermarry nor interdine together and indeed they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspects on life and of life are different ... To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such a state.
5652:
1593:, had been contemplated by various colonial administrations since the time of Lord William Bentinck, but was never acted upon. Though some considered it administratively felicitous, it was communally charged. It sowed the seeds of division among Indians in Bengal, transforming nationalist politics as nothing else before it. The Hindu elite of Bengal, among them many who owned land in East Bengal that was leased out to Muslim peasants, protested fervidly.
5769:
10111:
5761:
5753:
3212:
10139:
23543:
3204:
6249:
5247:
12273:, p. 260 A distinct group within the Calcutta Anushilan Samiti ... soon started action ... robbery to raise funds ... Attempts to assassinate oppressive officials ... became the main features of the revolutionary activities ... arrest of the entire Maniktala group ... dealt a great blow to such terrorist activities. In terms of direct gains, the terrorists achieved precious little; most of their attempts were either aborted or failed.
13546:, p. 330 Quote: "India had always been a minority interest in British public life; no great body of public opinion now emerged to argue that war-weary and impoverished Britain should send troops and money to hold it against its will in an empire of doubtful value. By late 1946 both Prime Minister and Secretary of State for India recognized that neither international opinion no their own voters would stand for any reassertion of the
2119:, traders, farmers, students, and lower-level government workers. Although they did not achieve the magnitude or character of a nationwide mass movement, the Home Rule leagues both deepened and widened organised political agitation for self-rule in India. The British authorities reacted by imposing restrictions on the Leagues, including shutting out students from meetings and banning the two leaders from travelling to certain provinces.
7494:
2481:
2007:, in 1915, whereupon an agreement was reached for Tilak's ousted group to re-enter the Congress. In the 1916 Lucknow session of the Congress, Tilak's supporters were able to push through a more radical resolution which asked for the British to declare that it was their "aim and intention ... to confer self-government on India at an early date". Soon, other such rumblings began to appear in public pronouncements: in 1917, in the
3078:. Bose's Indian National Army largely disintegrated during the subsequent fighting in Burma, with its remaining elements surrendering with the recapture of Singapore in September 1945. Bose died in August from third degree burns received after attempting to escape in an overloaded Japanese plane which crashed in Taiwan, which many Indians believe did not happen. Although Bose was unsuccessful, he roused patriotic feelings in India.
20118:
7540:
7369:'s troops consisting of the 9th Gurkha Rifles and 54th Sikhs massacred 379 to more than 1,500 unarmed peaceful civilians, and wounded over 1,200 other Indian civilians. Dyer was relieved of his command and told to resign, and widely condemned in both India and Britain. The level of casual brutality stunned the entire nation, resulting in a wrenching loss of faith of the general Indian public in the intentions of the United Kingdom.
2858:
6429:
5895:
6549:
1136:
territories guaranteed. At the same time, it was felt that the peasants, for whose benefit the large land reforms of the United
Provinces had been undertaken, had shown disloyalty, by, in many cases, fighting for their former landlords against the British. Consequently, no more land reforms were implemented for the next 90 years: Bengal and Bihar were to remain the realms of large land holdings (unlike the Punjab and
7690:, were a part of the curricula. During the British Raj, Christian missionaries developed writing systems for Indian languages that previously did not have one. Christian missionaries in India also worked to increase literacy and also engaged in social activism, such as fighting against prostitution, championing the right of widowed women to remarry, and trying to stop early marriages for women. Among British women,
10125:
20108:
5587:
5861:
colonial purpose, local needs, capital, service, and private-versus-public interests, concluded that making the railways a creature of the state hindered success because railway expenses had to go through the same time-consuming and political budgeting process as did all other state expenses. Railway costs could therefore not be tailored to the current needs of the railways or of their passengers.
1248:
the Mutiny. Since
Dalhousie had embraced the technological change then rampant in Great Britain, India too saw the rapid development of all those technologies. Railways, roads, canals, and bridges were rapidly built in India, and telegraph links were equally rapidly established so that raw materials, such as cotton, from India's hinterland, could be transported more efficiently to ports, such as
6489:
6853:
3035:, Bihar, and western Bengal. The large wartime British Army presence crushed the movement in a little more than six weeks; nonetheless, a portion of the movement formed for a time an underground provisional government on the border with Nepal. In other parts of India, the movement was less spontaneous and the protest less intensive; however, it lasted sporadically into the summer of 1943.
7716:
administration of sub-divisions, universities and stock exchanges. One major change was the rejection of its former separate princely states. Metcalf shows that over the course of two centuries, British intellectuals and Indian specialists made the highest priority bringing peace, unity and good government to India. They offered many competing methods to reach the goal. For example,
3340:. In Punjab, where the new border lines divided the Sikh regions in half, there was much bloodshed; in Bengal and Bihar, where Gandhi's presence assuaged communal tempers, the violence was more limited. In all, somewhere between 250,000 and 500,000 people on both sides of the new borders, among both the refugee and resident populations of the three faiths, died in the violence.
6369:
5563:
resident in India, and for all
British Indian subjects residing outside India. With the assent of the King-Emperor and after copies of a proposed enactment had been submitted to both houses of the British Parliament, the Viceroy could overrule the legislature and directly enact any measures in the perceived interests of British India or its residents if the need arose.
5738:, TISCO became the leading iron and steel producer in India, and "a symbol of Indian technical skill, managerial competence, and entrepreneurial flair". The Tata family, like most of India's big businessmen, were Indian nationalists but did not trust the Congress because it seemed too aggressively hostile to the Raj, too socialist, and too supportive of trade unions.
2389:
special interests they considered cooperative or useful. In particular, rural candidates, generally sympathetic to British rule and less confrontational, were assigned more seats than their urban counterparts. Seats were also reserved for non-Brahmins, landowners, businessmen, and college graduates. The principal of "communal representation", an integral part of the
2776:
6189:
2679:, prompting many Indians to return British awards and honours, to resign from the civil services, and to again boycott British goods. In addition, Gandhi reorganised the Congress, transforming it into a mass movement and opening its membership to even the poorest Indians. Although Gandhi halted the non-cooperation movement in 1922 after the violent
3251:
convictions, and the eventual remission of the sentences, created positive propaganda for the Congress, which only helped in the party's subsequent electoral victories in eight of the eleven provinces. The negotiations between the Congress and the Muslim League, however, stumbled over the issue of the partition. Jinnah proclaimed 16 August 1946,
5968:(supported by many scholars in India and the West) that the British were not in full control but instead were players in what was primarily an Indian play and in which their rise to power depended upon excellent co-operation with Indian elites. Marshall admits that much of his interpretation is still highly controversial among many historians.
3111:
2928:", demanding that, "the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in majority as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute independent states in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign." Although there were other important national Muslim politicians such as Congress leader
2048:, the League joined the Congress in the proposal for greater self-government that was campaigned for by Tilak and his supporters; in return, the Congress accepted separate electorates for Muslims in the provincial legislatures as well as the Imperial Legislative Council. In 1916, the Muslim League had anywhere between 500 and 800
2690:, charged with instituting constitutional reform in India, resulted in widespread protests throughout the country. Earlier, in 1925, non-violent protests of the Congress had resumed too, this time in Gujarat, and led by Patel, who organised farmers to refuse payment of increased land taxes; the success of this protest, the
13316:, pp. 305, 325": Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Bose were among those who, impatient with Gandhi's programmes and methods, looked upon socialism as an alternative for nationalistic policies capable of meeting the country's economic and social needs, as well as a link to potential international support. (p. 325) (p. 345)"
7707:
generations of officials produced a chaotic administration with minimal coherence. Instead of a confident state capable of acting as it chose, these historians find a psychologically embattled one incapable of acting except in the abstract, small scale, or short term. Meanwhile, Durba Ghosh offers an alternative approach.
3259:. The following day Hindu-Muslim riots broke out in Calcutta and quickly spread throughout British India. Although the Government of India and the Congress were both shaken by the course of events, in September, a Congress-led interim government was installed, with Jawaharlal Nehru as united India's prime minister.
2235:, while the last, by making Indians more self-reliant, would break the cycle of dependence that was perpetuating not only the direction and tenor of the British rule in India, but also the British commitment to it. At least until 1920, the British presence itself was not a stumbling block in Gandhi's conception of
1984:, which allowed it to intern politically dangerous dissidents without due process, and added to the power it already had—under the 1910 Press Act—both to imprison journalists without trial and to censor the press. It was under the Defence of India act that the Ali brothers were imprisoned in 1916, and
1396:, who in their works had been presenting ancient India as a great civilisation. Irritation, on the other hand, came not just from incidents of racial discrimination at the hands of the British in India, but also from governmental actions like the use of Indian troops in imperial campaigns (e.g. in the
13533:
Quote:...Thus, Wavell concluded, if the army and the police "failed" Britain would be forced to go. In theory, it might be possible to revive and reinvigorate the services, and rule for another fifteen to twenty years, but:It is a fallacy to suppose that the solution lies in trying to maintain status
10889:
In April 1900, the colonial government of the North-West Provinces and Oudh granted equal official status to both, Devanagari and Nastaliq scripts. However, Nastaliq remained the dominant script. During the 1920s, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi deplored the controversy and the evolving divergence between
7811:
largely having been diminished in the process. During the Raj, soldiers would play British sports as a way of maintaining fitness, since the mortality rate for foreigners in India was high at the time, as well as to maintain a sense of Britishness; in the words of an anonymous writer, playing British
7736:
promoted the English language. Zinkin argues that in the long-run, what matters most about the legacy of the Raj is the British political ideologies which the Indians took over after 1947, especially the belief in unity, democracy, the rule of law and a certain equality beyond caste and creed. Zinkin
7715:
At independence and after the independence of India, the country has maintained such central British institutions as parliamentary government, one-person, one-vote and the rule of law through nonpartisan courts. It retained as well the institutional arrangements of the Raj such as the civil services,
5910:
and the technological change ushered in by the industrial revolution had the effect of closely intertwining the economies of India and Great Britain. In fact many of the major changes in transport and communications (that are typically associated with Crown rule of India) had already begun before the
5820:
After the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857, and subsequent Crown rule over India, the railways were seen as a strategic defense of the European population, allowing the military to move quickly to subdue native unrest and protect Britons. The railway thus served as a tool of the colonial government to control
5562:
elected). The Council of State existed in five-year periods and the Legislative Assembly for three-year periods, though either could be dissolved earlier or later by the Viceroy. The Indian Legislature was empowered to make laws for all persons resident in British India including all British subjects
5462:
With the promulgation of the Government of India Act 1935, the Council of India was abolished with effect from 1 April 1937 and a modified system of government enacted. The secretary of state for India represented the Government of India in the UK. He was assisted by a body of advisers numbering from
5392:
remained head of the Government of India and now was more commonly called the viceroy on account of his secondary role as the Crown's representative to the nominally sovereign princely states; he was, however, now responsible to the secretary of state in London and through him to Parliament. A system
2923:
members in Bengal in 1944, 200,000 in Punjab, and hundreds of thousands elsewhere. Jinnah now was well positioned to negotiate with the British from a position of power. Jinnah repeatedly warned that Muslims would be unfairly treated in an independent India dominated by the Congress. On 24 March 1940
2361:
Montagu and Chelmsford presented their report in July 1918 after a long fact-finding trip through India the previous winter. After more discussion by the government and parliament in Britain, and another tour by the Franchise and Functions Committee for the purpose of identifying who among the Indian
1780:
The first steps were taken toward self-government in British India in the late 19th century with the appointment of Indian counsellors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils
1445:
served as Viceroy of India 1872–1876. Baring's major accomplishments came as an energetic reformer who was dedicated to upgrading the quality of government in the British Raj. He began large scale famine relief, reduced taxes, and overcame bureaucratic obstacles in an effort to reduce both starvation
10769:
The earlier grammars and dictionaries made it possible for the British government to replace Persian with vernacular languages at the lower levels of the judicial and revenue administration in 1837, that is, to standardize and index terminology for official use and provide for its translation to the
5566:
Effective from 1 April 1936, the Government of India Act created the new provinces of Sind (separated from the Bombay Presidency) and Orissa (separated from the Province of Bihar and Orissa). Burma and Aden became separate Crown Colonies under the Act from 1 April 1937, thereby ceasing to be part of
5418:
in which the business of each government department (the "portfolio") was assigned to and became the responsibility of a single council member. Routine departmental decisions were made exclusively by the member, but important decisions required the consent of the governor-general and, in the absence
2912:, declared war on India's behalf without consulting Indian leaders, leading the Congress provincial ministries to resign in protest. The Muslim League, in contrast, supported Britain in the war effort and maintained its control of the government in three major provinces, Bengal, Sind and the Punjab.
2757:
The 1935 Act provided for more autonomy for Indian provinces, with the goal of cooling off nationalist sentiment. The act provided for a national parliament and an executive branch under the purview of the British government, but the rulers of the princely states managed to block its implementation.
2171:
and chose not to make any public pronouncements during the first year of his return, but instead spent the year travelling, observing the country at first hand, and writing. Earlier, during his South Africa sojourn, Gandhi, a lawyer by profession, had represented an Indian community, which, although
1604:
and the Boycott movement. The movement consisted of the boycott of foreign goods and also the social boycott of any Indian who used foreign goods. The Swadeshi movement consisted of the usage of natively produced goods. Once foreign goods were boycotted, there was a gap which had to be filled by the
1379:
By 1880, a new middle class had arisen in India and spread thinly across the country. Moreover, there was a growing solidarity among its members, created by the "joint stimuli of encouragement and irritation". The encouragement felt by this class came from its success in education and its ability to
16905:
The growth of the army in India also led to many army chaplains. After the change in the Charter in 1813, Anglican missionaries began to work across North India. The missionaries translated the Book of Common Prayer into various Indian languages. The first Anglican diocese was Calcutta in 1813, and
10918:
The use of Persian was abolished in official correspondence (1835); the government's weight was thrown behind English-medium education and Thomas Babington Macaulay's Codes of Criminal and Civil Procedure (drafted 1841–2, but not completed until the 1860s) sought to impose a rational, Western legal
10886:
The British used the Urdu language to effect a shift from the prior emphasis on the Persian language. In 1837, the British East India Company adopted Urdu in place of Persian as the co-official language in India, along with English. In the law courts in Bengal and the North-West Provinces and Oudh
6051:
In the urban and industrial areas ... cramped sites, the high values of land and the necessity for the worker to live in the vicinity of his work ... all tend to intensify congestion and overcrowding. In the busiest centres houses are built close together, eave touching eave, and frequently back to
5671:
Mike Davis writes that much of the economic activity in British India was for the benefit of the British economy and was carried out relentlessly through repressive British imperial policies and with negative repercussions for the Indian population. This is reified in India's large exports of wheat
5533:
The viceroy and governor-general was also the head of the bicameral Indian Legislature, consisting of an upper house (the Council of State) and a lower house (the Legislative Assembly). The viceroy was the head of the Council of State, while the Legislative Assembly, which was first opened in 1921,
2963:
The Congress was secular and strongly opposed to having any religious state. It insisted there was a natural unity to India, and repeatedly blamed the British for "divide and rule" tactics based on prompting Muslims to think of themselves as alien from Hindus. Jinnah rejected the notion of a united
2583:
2497:
million in revenue for the war. The increased taxes coupled with disruptions in both domestic and international trade had the effect of approximately doubling the index of overall prices in India between 1914 and 1920. Returning war veterans, especially in the Punjab, created a growing unemployment
5922:
Taxes in India decreased during the colonial period for most of India's population; with the land tax revenue claiming 15% of India's national income during Mughal times compared with 1% at the end of the colonial period. The percentage of national income for the village economy increased from 44%
5875:
The British Raj invested heavily in infrastructure, including canals and irrigation systems. The Ganges Canal reached 560 kilometres (350 miles) from Haridwar to Cawnpore (now Kanpur), and supplied thousands of kilometres of distribution canals. By 1900 the Raj had the largest irrigation system in
5860:
pouring its money and expertise into a very well-built system designed for military purposes (after the Rebellion of 1857), in the hope that it would stimulate industry. The system was overbuilt and too expensive for the small amount of freight traffic it carried. Christensen (1996), who looked at
5788:
The East India Company (and later the colonial government) encouraged new railway companies backed by private investors under a scheme that would provide land and guarantee an annual return of up to 5% during the initial years of operation. The companies were to build and operate the lines under a
5615:
rules prohibited women from saying their husband's name or having their photograph taken. An all-India census was conducted between 1868 and 1871, often using total numbers of females in a household rather than individual names. Select groups which the Raj reformers wanted to monitor statistically
2769:
Congress won victories in seven of the eleven provinces of British India. Congress governments, with wide powers, were formed in these provinces. The widespread voter support for the Indian National Congress surprised Raj officials, who previously had seen the Congress as a small elitist body. The
2388:
A greater number of Indians were now enfranchised, although, for voting at the national level, they constituted only 10% of the total adult male population, many of whom were still illiterate. In the provincial legislatures, the British continued to exercise some control by setting aside seats for
2114:
thousand each in a little over a year—and began to publish inexpensive newspapers. Their propaganda also turned to posters, pamphlets, and political-religious songs, and later to mass meetings, which not only attracted greater numbers than in earlier Congress sessions, but also entirely new social
1260:
The rush of technology was also changing the agricultural economy in India: by the last decade of the 19th century, a large fraction of some raw materials—not only cotton, but also some food-grains—were being exported to faraway markets. Many small farmers, dependent on the whims of those markets,
1247:
and the technological change ushered in by the industrial revolution, had the effect of closely intertwining the economies of India and Great Britain. In fact many of the major changes in transport and communications (that are typically associated with Crown Rule of India) had already begun before
3011:
million. In addition, heavy British spending on munitions produced in India (such as uniforms, rifles, machine-guns, field artillery, and ammunition) led to a rapid expansion of industrial output, such as textiles (up 16%), steel (up 18%), and chemicals (up 30%). Small warships were built, and an
2384:
system, whereby some areas like education, agriculture, infrastructure development, and local self-government became the preserve of Indian ministers and legislatures, and ultimately the Indian electorates, while others like irrigation, land-revenue, police, prisons, and control of media remained
1804:
was viceroy)—gave Indians limited roles in the central and provincial legislatures. Upper-class Indians, rich landowners and businessmen were favoured. The Muslim community was made a separate electorate and granted double representation. The goals were quite conservative but they did advance the
1135:
Second, it was also felt that both the princes and the large land-holders, by not joining the rebellion, had proved to be, in Lord Canning's words, "breakwaters in a storm". They too were rewarded in the new British Raj by being integrated into the British-Indian political system and having their
11349:
In part, the Mutiny was a reaction against this upheaval of traditional Indian society. The suppression of the Mutiny after a year of fighting was followed by the break-up of the East India Company, the exile of the deposed emperor and the establishment of the British Raj, and direct rule of the
10798:
In the government of northern India Persian ruled. Under the British Raj, Persian eventually declined, but, the administration remaining largely Muslim, the role of Persian was taken not by Hindi but by Urdu, known to the British as Hindustani. It was only as the Hindu majority in India began to
7559:
or law. About a third entered public administration, and another third became lawyers. The result was a very well educated professional state bureaucracy. By 1887 of 21,000 mid-level civil services appointments, 45% were held by Hindus, 7% by Muslims, 19% by Eurasians (European father and Indian
5828:
Most of the railway construction was done by Indian companies supervised by British engineers. The system was heavily built, using a broad gauge, sturdy tracks and strong bridges. By 1900 India had a full range of rail services with diverse ownership and management, operating on broad, metre and
5808:
formulated a plan to construct a network of trunk lines connecting the principal regions of India. Encouraged by the government guarantees, investment flowed in and a series of new rail companies was established, leading to rapid expansion of the rail system in India. Soon several large princely
5725:
In the 1890s, he launched plans to move into heavy industry using Indian funding. The Raj did not provide capital, but, aware of Britain's declining position against the US and Germany in the steel industry, it wanted steel mills in India. It promised to purchase any surplus steel Tata could not
5610:
courts and introduced a new penal code as well as new codes of civil and criminal procedure, based largely on English law. In the 1860s–1880s the Raj set up compulsory registration of births, deaths, and marriages, as well as adoptions, property deeds, and wills. The goal was to create a stable,
2015:
spoke of the expectations the war had generated in India, "I venture to say that the war has put the clock ... fifty years forward ... (The) reforms after the war will have to be such, ... as will satisfy the aspirations of her (India's) people to take their legitimate part in the
1438:
During its first 20 years, the Congress primarily debated British policy toward India. Its debates created a new Indian outlook that held Great Britain responsible for draining India of its wealth. Britain did this, the nationalists claimed, by unfair trade, by the restraint on indigenous Indian
7535:
English historian Peter Cain, has challenged Mantena, arguing that the imperialists truly believed that British rule would bring to the subjects the benefits of 'ordered liberty', thereby Britain could fulfil its moral duty and achieve its own greatness. Much of the debate took place in Britain
7530:
The central tenets of liberal imperialism were challenged as various forms of rebellion, resistance and instability in the colonies precipitated a broad-ranging reassessment....the equation of 'good government' with the reform of native society, which was at the core of the discourse of liberal
7463:
tehsil in North-West Frontier Province: When local villagers attempted to stop soldiers from arresting freedom fighter activists of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, in the ensuing shooting an English police officer called Murphy was killed, three days later, a large force of troops attacked the
5845:
Headrick shows that until the 1930s, both the Raj lines and the private companies hired only European supervisors, civil engineers, and even operating personnel, such as locomotive engineers. The hard physical labor was left to the Indians. The colonial government was chiefly concerned with the
11050:
Between 1858, when the British East India Company transferred power to British Crown rule (the "British Raj"), and 1947, when India gained independence, English gradually developed into the language of government and education. It allowed the Raj to maintain control by creating an elite gentry
7706:
The old consensus among historians held that British imperial authority was quite secure from 1858 to World War II. Recently, however, this interpretation has been challenged. For example, Mark Condos and Jon Wilson argue that imperial authority was chronically insecure. Indeed, the anxiety of
1422:
on equal footing with British ones, that transformed the discontent into political action. On 28 December 1885, professionals and intellectuals from this middle-class — many educated at the new British-founded universities in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, and familiar with the ideas of British
1256:
development were borne by private investors, in India, it was the taxpayers—primarily farmers and farm-labourers—who endured the risks, which, in the end, amounted to £50 million. Despite these costs, very little skilled employment was created for Indians. By 1920, with the fourth largest
7512:
as an upward progression always leading to more liberty and more progress. Macaulay simultaneously was a leading reformer involved in transforming the educational system of India. He would base it on the English language so that India could join the mother country in a steady upward progress.
5967:
The East India Company inherited an onerous taxation system that took one-third of the produce of Indian cultivators. Instead of the Indian nationalist account of the British as alien aggressors, seizing power by brute force and impoverishing all of India, Marshall presents the interpretation
5963:
shows that recent scholarship has reinterpreted the view that the prosperity of the formerly benign Mughal rule gave way to poverty and anarchy. He argues the British takeover did not make any sharp break with the past, which largely delegated control to regional Mughal rulers and sustained a
3250:
of three senior officers of Bose's defeated Indian National Army who stood accused of treason. Now as the trials began, the Congress leadership, although ambivalent towards the INA, chose to defend the accused officers. The subsequent convictions of the officers, the public outcry against the
3046:
in the late 1920s and 1930s, had risen to become Congress President from 1938 to 1939. However, he was ousted from the Congress in 1939 following differences with the high command, and subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in early 1941. He turned to
3030:
in July 1942 demanding the immediate withdrawal of the British from India or face nationwide civil disobedience. On 8 August the Raj arrested all national, provincial and local Congress leaders, holding tens of thousands of them until 1945. The country erupted in violent demonstrations led by
11013:
As the (Mughal) empire began to decline in the mid-eighteenth century, some of these regional administrations assumed a greater degree of power. Amongst these ... was the East India Company, a British trading company established by Royal Charter of Elizabeth I of England in 1600. The Company
5409:
the Governor-General with the advice of the Council). The Company's system of "double government" had its critics, since, from the time of the system's inception, there had been intermittent feuding between the governor-general and his Council; still, the Act of 1858 made no major changes in
2972:
are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders and it is a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality ... The Hindu and Muslim belong to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature
2753:
was based on this act. However, it divided the electorate into 19 religious and social categories, e.g., Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Depressed Classes, Landholders, Commerce and Industry, Europeans, Anglo-Indians, etc., each of which was given separate representation in the Provincial
16962:
The three dioceses thus formed have been repeatedly subdivided, until in 1930 there were fourteen dioceses, the dates of their creation being as follows : Calcutta 1814; Madras 1835; Bombay 1837; Colombo 1845; Lahore 1877; Rangoon 1877; Travancore 1879; Chota Nagpur 1890; Lucknow 1893;
7568:
universities and colleges of higher education by 1911; they enrolled 36,000 students (over 90% men). By 1939 the number of institutions had doubled and enrolment reached 145,000. The curriculum followed classical British standards of the sort set by Oxford and Cambridge and stressed English
5426:
If the Government of India needed to enact new laws, the Councils Act allowed for a Legislative Council—an expansion of the Executive Council by up to twelve additional members, each appointed to a two-year term—with half the members consisting of British officials of the government (termed
2727:, in which thousands of Indians defied the tax on salt, by marching to the sea and making their own salt by evaporating seawater. Although, many, including Gandhi, were arrested, the British government eventually gave in, and in 1931 Gandhi travelled to London to negotiate new reform at the
5627:
attitudes. Their inheritance rights to own and manage property were curtailed; the new English laws were somewhat harsher. Court rulings restricted the rights of second wives and their children regarding inheritance. A woman had to belong to either a father or a husband to have any rights.
6052:
back .... Space is so valuable that, in place of streets and roads, winding lanes provide the only approach to the houses. Neglect of sanitation is often evidenced by heaps of rotting garbage and pools of sewage, whilst the absence of latrines enhance the general pollution of air and soil.
5784:
British India built a modern railway system in the late 19th century, which was the fourth largest in the world. At first the railways were privately owned and operated. They were run by British administrators, engineers and craftsmen. At first, only the unskilled workers were Indians.
5667:
All three sectors of the economy—agriculture, manufacturing, and services—accelerated in the postcolonial India. In agriculture a huge increase in production took place in the 1870s. The most important difference between colonial and postcolonial India was the use of land surplus with
4584:(5.) The expression "India" shall mean British India together with any territories of any native prince or chief under the suzerainty of Her Majesty exercised through the Governor-General of India, or through any governor or other officer subordinates to the Governor-General of India.
1746:
in 1871, which had for the first time estimated the populations in regions of the Muslim majority (for his part, Curzon's desire to court the Muslims of East Bengal had arisen from British anxieties ever since the 1871 census—and in light of the history of Muslims fighting them in the
2804:
4581:(4.) The expression "British India" shall mean all territories and places within Her Majesty's dominions which are for the time being governed by Her Majesty through the Governor-General of India or through any governor or other officer subordinates to the Governor-General of India.
7536:
itself, and the imperialists worked hard to convince the general population that the civilising mission was well under-way. This campaign served to strengthen imperial support at home, and thus, says Cain, to bolster the moral authority of the gentlemanly elites who ran the Empire.
1384:. It came too from Queen Victoria's proclamation of 1858 in which she had declared, "We hold ourselves bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligation of duty which bind us to all our other subjects." Indians were especially encouraged when Canada was granted
5948:
and other top officials had ruined the Indian economy and society. Indian historian Rajat Kanta Ray (1998) continues this line of attack, saying the new economy brought by the British in the 18th century was a form of "plunder" and a catastrophe for the traditional economy of the
7525:
in Jamaica in 1865. The rhetoric continued but it became an alibi for British misrule and racism. No longer was it believed that the natives could truly make progress, instead, they had to be ruled by heavy hand, with democratic opportunities postponed indefinitely. As a result:
2770:
British separated Burma Province from British India in 1937 and granted the colony a new constitution calling for a fully elected assembly, with many powers given to the Burmese, but this proved to be a divisive issue as a ploy to exclude Burmese from any further Indian reforms.
5455:; this prompted Sir Charles Wood, the second secretary of state, to describe the Government of India as "a despotism controlled from home". Moreover, although the appointment of Indians to the Legislative Council was a response to calls after the 1857 rebellion, most notably by
10504:
1891 census: Includes all "Unitarians" (5 persons), "Theists" (47 persons), "Deists" (12 persons), "Atheists" (27 persons), "Freethinkers" (5 persons), "Agnostics" (69 persons), "Positivists" (2 persons), "No religion" (18 persons), and "Religion not Returned" (42,578 persons)
84:
10890:
Urdu and Hindi, exhorting the remerging of the two languages as Hindustani. However, Urdu continued to draw from Persian, Arabic, and Chagtai, while Hindi did the same from Sanskrit. Eventually, the controversy resulted in the loss of the official status of the Urdu language.
1468:
By 1905, a deep gulf opened between the moderates, led by Gokhale, who downplayed public agitation, and the new "extremists" who not only advocated agitation, but also regarded the pursuit of social reform as a distraction from nationalism. Prominent among the extremists was
11232:
The film opens with what is a lengthy prologue, contextualising the time and place through a detailed voice-over by Amitabh Bachchan. We are told that the year is 1893. This is significant as it was the height of the British Raj, a period of crown rule lasting from 1858 to
5797:(EIR) began to construct and operate lines near Bombay and Calcutta in 1853–54. The first passenger railway line in North India, between Allahabad and Kanpur, opened in 1859. Eventually, five British companies came to own all railway business in India, and operated under a
2260:, from Bihar, who would become a loyal supporter of Gandhi and go on to play a prominent role in the Indian independence movement. When Gandhi was ordered to leave by the local British authorities, he refused on moral grounds, setting up his refusal as a form of individual
1728:
in 1906 and to ask for separate electorates for Muslims. In conjunction, they demanded proportional legislative representation reflecting both their status as former rulers and their record of cooperating with the British. This led, in December 1906, to the founding of the
2658:
forbade public meetings and on Sunday 13 April 1919 fifty British Indian Army soldiers commanded by Dyer began shooting at an unarmed gathering of thousands of men, women, and children without warning. Casualty estimates vary widely, with the Government of India reporting
1936:
would prove to be a watershed in the imperial relationship between Britain and India. Shortly before the outbreak of war, the Government of India had indicated that they could furnish two divisions plus a cavalry brigade, with a further division in case of emergency. Some
1453:, poet, Sanskrit scholar, and a champion of the emancipation of Indian women, took up the cause of widow remarriage, especially of Brahmin widows, later converted to Christianity. By 1900 reform movements had taken root within the Indian National Congress. Congress member
11099:
During the British East India Company's domination of the Indian subcontinent (1757–1858) and the subsequent British Raj (1858–1947), it was Western-style education that came to be promoted by many as the base upon which a national and uniform education system should be
2555:
11723:, pp. 145–46: "The army took on the form which survived till independence... The Bengal army was completely recast... The Brahmin element from Uttar Pradesh, the core of the original mutiny, was heavily reduced and its place taken by Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Punjabis."
2749:, which authorised the establishment of independent legislative assemblies in all provinces of British India, the creation of a central government incorporating both the British provinces and the princely states, and the protection of Muslim minorities. The future
1949:. Their participation had a wider cultural fallout as news spread of how bravely soldiers fought and died alongside British soldiers, as well as soldiers from dominions like Canada and Australia. India's international profile rose during the 1920s, as it became a
3084:
1611:), upset at the prospect of Bengalis being outnumbered in the new Bengal province by Biharis and Oriyas, felt that Curzon's act was punishment for their political assertiveness. The pervasive protests against Curzon's decision took the form predominantly of the
6043:
Mortality rates fell in the 1920–1945 era, primarily due to biological immunisation. Other factors included rising incomes and better living conditions, improved nutrition, a safer and cleaner environment, and better official health policies and medical care.
1644:
magazine; it preached independence but within the bounds of peace as far as possible. Its goal was Passive Resistance. The unrest spread from Calcutta to the surrounding regions of Bengal when students returned home to their villages and towns. Some joined
2172:
small, was sufficiently diverse to be a microcosm of India itself. In tackling the challenge of holding this community together and simultaneously confronting the colonial authority, he had created a technique of non-violent resistance, which he labelled
72:
28068:
2618:
2671:
estimated three times the number of dead. Dyer was removed from duty but he became a celebrated hero in Britain among people with connections to the Raj. Historians consider the episode was a decisive step towards the end of British rule in India.
1741:
and returned to England, the League was in favour of his partition plan. The Muslim elite's position, which was reflected in the League's position, had crystallized gradually over the previous three decades, beginning with the revelations of the
5884:
By the 1870s the peasantry in the districts irrigated by the Ganges Canal were visibly better fed, housed and dressed than before; by the end of the century the new network of canals in the Punjab had produced an even more prosperous peasantry
27358:
2256:(for dyes) on a portion of their land and then selling it at below-market prices to the British planters who had leased them the land. Upon his arrival in the district, Gandhi was joined by other agitators, including a young Congress leader,
5833:
networks. In 1900, the government took over the GIPR network, while the company continued to manage it. During the First World War, the railways were used to transport troops and grain to the ports of Bombay and Karachi en route to Britain,
2595:
2052:
members and did not yet have the wider following among Indian Muslims that it enjoyed in later years; in the League itself, the pact did not have unanimous backing, having largely been negotiated by a group of "Young Party" Muslims from the
12382:, p. 174: Violence too could be ... repressed, partly because it was eschewed by the mainstream of educated politicians – despite the attraction to some of them of ... movements such as Bengal's Anusilan Samiti or Punjab's Ghadr Party.
10699:—Head-quarters of Simla District, Punjab, and the summer capital of the Government of India, situated on a transverse spur of the Central Himālayan system system, in 31° 6' N and 77° 10' E, at a mean elevation above sea-level of 7,084 feet.
2498:
crisis, and post-war inflation led to food riots in Bombay, Madras, and Bengal provinces, a situation that was made only worse by the failure of the 1918–19 monsoon and by profiteering and speculation. The global influenza epidemic and the
7676:, the London Missionary Society Hospital "pioneered improvements in the public health system for the treatment of diseases even before organised attempts were made by the colonial Madras Presidency, reducing the death rate substantially".
2089:
among Indians, and also to elevate the stature of the founders within the Congress itself. Besant, for her part, was also keen to demonstrate the superiority of this new form of organised agitation, which had achieved some success in the
1345:
2374:
legislative councils and repealed the Government of India's recourse to the "official majority" in unfavourable votes. Although departments like defence, foreign affairs, criminal law, communications, and income-tax were retained by the
2484:
Headlines about the Rowlatt Bills (1919) from a nationalist newspaper in India. Although all non-official Indians on the Legislative Council voted against the Rowlatt Bills, the government was able to force their passage by using its
2019:
The 1916 Lucknow Session of the Congress was also the venue of an unanticipated mutual effort by the Congress and the Muslim League, the occasion for which was provided by the wartime partnership between Germany and Turkey. Since the
7516:
Yale professor Karuna Mantena has argued that the civilising mission did not last long, for she says that benevolent reformers were the losers in key debates, such as those following the 1857 rebellion in India, and the scandal of
5463:
8–12 individuals, at least half of whom were required to have held office in India for a minimum of 10 years, and had not relinquished office earlier than two years prior to their appointment as advisers to the secretary of state.
3110:
73:
5964:
generally prosperous economy for the rest of the 18th century. Marshall notes the British went into partnership with Indian bankers and raised revenue through local tax administrators and kept the old Mughal rates of taxation.
2040:, and since the British and their allies were now in conflict with Turkey, doubts began to increase among some Indian Muslims about the "religious neutrality" of the British, doubts that had already surfaced as a result of the
5611:
usable public record and verifiable identities. However, there was opposition from both Muslim and Hindu elements who complained that the new procedures for census-taking and registration threatened to uncover female privacy.
2379:
and the central government in New Delhi, other departments like public health, education, land-revenue, local self-government were transferred to the provinces. The provinces themselves were now to be administered under a new
3354:
2991:
million Indians volunteered for military service in the British Army. They played a major role in numerous campaigns, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. Casualties were moderate (in terms of the world war), with
1755:—about Indian Muslims rebelling against the Crown). In the three decades since, Muslim leaders across northern India had intermittently experienced public animosity from some of the new Hindu political and social groups. The
5876:
the world. One success story was Assam, a jungle in 1840 that by 1900 had 1,600,000 hectares (4,000,000 acres) under cultivation, especially in tea plantations. In all, the amount of irrigated land rose eightfold. Historian
4595:
The terms "Indian Empire" and "Empire of India" (like the term "British Empire") were not used in legislation. The monarch was officially known as Empress or Emperor of India and the term was often used in Queen Victoria's
16906:
bishops from India were at the first Lambeth conference. In 1930 the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon became an independent Province and created its own Book of Common Prayer, which was translated into several languages.
2073:
of provinces like UP and Bihar more than the Muslim majorities of Punjab and Bengal; nonetheless, at the time, the "Lucknow Pact" was an important milestone in nationalistic agitation and was seen as such by the British.
2094:, over the political violence that had intermittently plagued the subcontinent during the years 1907–1914. The two Leagues focused their attention on complementary geographical regions: Tilak's in western India, in the
3277:
As independence approached, the violence between Hindus and Muslims in the provinces of Punjab and Bengal continued unabated. With the British army unprepared for the potential for increased violence, the new viceroy,
11195:
The rebellion was put down by the end of 1858. The British government passed the Government of India Act, and began direct Crown rule. This era was referred to as the British Raj (though in practice much remained the
16697:
5817:. The route mileage of this network increased from 1,349 to 25,495 kilometres (838 to 15,842 mi) between 1860 and 1890, mostly radiating inland from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta.
3235:. Although the mutinies were rapidly suppressed, they had the effect of spurring the new Labour government in Britain to action, and leading to the Cabinet Mission to India led by the secretary of state for India,
5525:
Until 1946, the viceroy held the portfolio for External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, as well as heading the Political Department in his capacity as the Crown representative. Each department was headed by a
10933:
7686:(1881) are two examples of prominent church-affiliated educational institutions founded during the British Raj. Within educational institutions established during the British Raj, Christian texts, especially the
3390:
2823:
1689:
13558:, p. 212 Quote: "More importantly, though victorious in war, Britain had suffered immensely in the struggle. It simply did not possess the manpower or economic resources required to coerce a restive India."
7379:
in Uttar Pradesh: The official death toll of Indian farmers is shown minimal by the British historians whereas other estimates put the death toll in the hundreds, causing the nearby Sai River turn red from the
2069:, who was later to rise to leadership roles in both the League and the Indian independence movement. In later years, as the full ramifications of the pact unfolded, it was seen as benefiting the Muslim minority
1007:
20066:
Indian Christian Historiography from Below, from Above, and in Between India and the Indianness of Christianity: Essays on Understanding – Historical, Theological, and Bibliographical – in Honor of Robert Eric
3378:
1649:
emerging in Bengal at the time, some engaged in robberies to fund arms, and even attempted to take the lives of Raj officials. However, the conspiracies generally failed in the face of intense police work. The
17441:
1723:
The overwhelming, but predominantly Hindu, protest against the partition of Bengal and the fear in its wake of reforms favouring the Hindu majority, led the Muslim elite in India to meet with the new viceroy,
1029:
1917:
1201:
1852:
11374:
Company rule in India lasted effectively from the Battle of Plassey in 1757 until 1858, when following the 1857 Indian Rebellion, the British Crown assumed direct colonial rule of India in the new British
7427:
by the army, in which the civilian death toll was 20 according to official government sources and 400 by contemporary Indian sources. The shooting of unarmed people triggered protests across British India.
3145:
18523:
Bosma, Ulbe (2011), Emigration: Colonial circuits between Europe and Asia in the 19th and early 20th century, EGO – European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, retrieved: 25 March 2021
13927:, Statutes of the Realm – Law – 1770 p. 211 (3) "Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the law of British India and of the several parts thereof existing immediately before the appointed ..."
5935:
Historians continue to debate whether the long-term intention of British rule was to accelerate the economic development of India, or to distort and delay it. In 1780, the conservative British politician
1295:
1045:
6020:
Studies of India's population since 1881 have focused on such topics as total population, birth and death rates, growth rates, geographic distribution, literacy, the rural and urban divide, cities of a
3274:
for continuing to control an increasingly restless British India, decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power no later than June 1948.
1317:
1542:
1277:
and programmes for famine prevention, were instituted. In one form or other, they would be implemented worldwide by the United Nations and the Food and Agricultural Organisation well into the 1970s.
5606:
Singha argues that after 1857 the colonial government strengthened and expanded its infrastructure via the court system, legal procedures, and statutes. New legislation merged the Crown and the old
2758:
These states remained under the full control of their hereditary rulers, with no popular government. To prepare for elections Congress built up its grass roots membership from 473,000 in 1935 to 4.5
1898:
5849:
After independence in 1947, forty-two separate railway systems, including thirty-two lines owned by the former Indian princely states, were amalgamated to form a single nationalised unit named the
5623:
Murshid argues that women were in some ways more restricted by the modernisation of the laws. They remained tied to the strictures of their religion, caste, and customs, but now with an overlay of
1670:
1704:
71:
26958:
20210:
The Year-book of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom, the colonies and India: a statistical record of the resources and trade of the colonial and Indian possessions of the British Empire
5339:). The size of the Advisory Council was reduced over the next half-century, but its powers remained unchanged. In 1907, for the first time, two Indians were appointed to the Council. They were
3219:
In January 1946, a number of mutinies broke out in the armed services, starting with that of RAF servicemen frustrated with their slow repatriation to Britain. The mutinies came to a head with
20247:
The Indian Annual Register: A digest of public affairs of India regarding the nation's activities in the matters, political, economic, industrial, educational, etc. during the period 1919–1947
19581:
3019:
in 1942 to secure Indian nationalists' co-operation in the war effort in exchange for a promise of independence as soon as the war ended. Top officials in Britain, most notably Prime Minister
10827:
Although the official languages of administration in India shifted from Persian to English and Urdu in 1837, Persian continued to be taught and read there through the early twentieth century.
15356:
5692:, increased dramatically, from approximately 1 million yards of cotton cloth in 1814 to 13 million in 1820, 995 million in 1870, to 2050 million by 1890. The British imposed "
1360:
5676:
million lives in the late 1870s, these exports remained unchecked. A colonial government committed to laissez-faire economics refused to interfere with these exports or provide any relief.
3735:
17502:
13183:, who believed in cooperating with the British to achieve eventual independence for the Indian nation. For details of various recruitment drives by Sir Sikandar between 1939 and 1942, see
2502:
of 1917 added to the general jitters; the former among the population already experiencing economic woes, and the latter among government officials, fearing a similar revolution in India.
1252:, for subsequent export to England. Likewise, finished goods from England, were transported back for sale in the burgeoning Indian markets. Unlike Britain, where the market risks for the
1999:
was released from prison and began to sound out other Congress leaders about possible reunification. That, however, had to wait until the demise of Tilak's principal moderate opponents,
1980:
had already been a concern in British India; consequently, in 1915, to strengthen its powers during what it saw was a time of increased vulnerability, the Government of India passed the
23520:
1875:
25180:
2589:
Poster advertising a Congress non-co-operation "Public Meeting" and a "Bonfire of Foreign Clothes" in Bombay, early 1920s, and expressing support for the "Karachi Khilafat Conference"
2156:
1605:
production of those goods in India itself. Bal Gangadhar Tilak said that the Swadeshi and Boycott movements are two sides of the same coin. The large Bengali Hindu middle-class (the
3366:
2385:
within the purview of the British governor and his executive council. The new Act also made it easier for Indians to be admitted into the civil services and the army officer corps.
1068:
10686:
1165:
10651:
5466:
The viceroy and governor-general of India, a Crown appointee, typically held office for five years though there was no fixed tenure, and received an annual salary of Rs. 250,800
4365:
1224:
27822:
18120:
1461:, which lobbied for legislative reform (for example, for a law to permit the remarriage of Hindu child widows), and whose members took vows of poverty, and worked among the
26574:
25974:
25821:
25803:
18728:
10060:
1526:
23331:
17689:
13554:, p. 418 Quote: "With a war weary army and people and a ravaged economy, Britain would have had to retreat; the Labour victory only quickened the process somewhat."
19961:
Nawaz, Rafida, and Syed Hussain Murtaza. "Impact of Imperial Discourses on Changing Subjectivities in Core and Periphery: A Study of British India and British Nigeria".
17621:
1143:
Third, the British felt disenchanted with Indian reaction to social change. Until the rebellion, they had enthusiastically pushed through social reform, like the ban on
11329:
Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858."
7513:
Macaulay took Burke's emphasis on moral rule and implemented it in actual school reforms, giving the British Empire a profound moral mission to "civilise the natives".
2215:, or "self-rule" for India based on three vital ingredients: solidarity between Indians of different faiths, but most of all between Hindus and Muslims; the removal of
28457:
13833:
1828:. However, the British authorities were able to crush violent rebels swiftly, partly because the mainstream of educated Indian politicians opposed violent revolution.
645:
627:
609:
595:
577:
563:
549:
520:
502:
17433:
7773:
noticeably. The most noticeable influence is the English language which emerged as the administrative and lingua franca of India and Pakistan (and which also greatly
16482:
7321:. Mass vaccination in India resulted in a major decline in smallpox mortality by the end of the 19th century. In 1849 nearly 13% of all Calcutta deaths were due to
16720:
10664:—Capital of the Indian Empire, situated in 22° 34' N and 88° 22' E, on the east or left bank of the Hooghly river, within the Twenty-four Parganas District, Bengal
1801:
1676:
1257:
railway network in the world and a history of 60 years of its construction, only ten per cent of the "superior posts" in the Indian Railways were held by Indians.
17659:
11486:
served as India's delegates to the London Commonwealth Meeting, April 1945, and the U.N. San Francisco Conference on International Organisation, April–June 1945."
976:
25079:
13079:
7614:
stated, "It is not only our duty but is in our interest to promote the diffusion of Christianity as far as possible throughout the length and breadth of India".
1503:
840:
16686:"Residents remember Takkar martyrs of 1930.A monument has been built in order to praise the martyrs of the Takkar massacre", The News - Jang group, 29 May 2010.
8077:
2167:
to India. Already known in India as a result of his civil liberties protests on behalf of the Indians in South Africa, Gandhi followed the advice of his mentor
116:
28472:
21736:
20293:
7555:
Universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras were established in 1857, just before the Rebellion. By 1890 some 60,000 Indians had matriculated, chiefly in the
6901:
6868:
6836:
3236:
3192:
15434:
7478:: troops fired 90 rounds on unarmed people who had assembled to hoist the flag of the Indian National Congress, killing 33 and wounding more than 100 people.
3133:
2198:, came to represent the twin pillar, with Truth, of Gandhi's unorthodox religious outlook on life. During the years 1907–1914, Gandhi tested the technique of
19975:
Parkash, Jai. "Major trends of historiography of revolutionary movement in India – Phase II". (PhD dissertation, Maharshi Dayanand University, 2013). online.
15040:
11773:
1446:
and widespread social unrest. Although appointed by a Liberal government, his policies were much the same as viceroys appointed by Conservative governments.
19968:
Nayak, Bhabani Shankar. "Colonial world of postcolonial historians: reification, theoreticism, and the neoliberal reinvention of tribal identity in India".
18563:
Carrington, Michael (May 2013), "Officers, Gentlemen, and Murderers: Lord Curzon's campaign against "collisions" between Indians and Europeans, 1899–1905",
13040:
10685:, vol. XXII, Published under the Authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1908, p. 260,
1658:
cloth, although more expensive and somewhat less comfortable than its Lancashire competitor, was worn as a mark of national pride by people all over India.
22190:
14905:
14543:
13601:
4866:
17562:
16137:
10650:, vol. IX, Published under the Authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1908, p. 260,
5405:) was each required to consult his advisory council; executive orders in Calcutta, for example, were issued in the name of "Governor-General-in-Council" (
875:
The British Raj extended over almost all present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, except for small holdings by other European nations such as
74:
28477:
28452:
21602:
4914:
4062:
3336:
The great majority of Indians remained in place with independence, but in border areas millions of people (Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu) relocated across the
2742:
movement the revenue collectors had to rely on military force and by 1946–47 direct British control was rapidly disappearing in much of the countryside.
911:(briefly from 1858 to 1867). Burma was separated from India and directly administered by the British Crown from 1937 until its independence in 1948. The
5414:
found the collective decision making of the Council to be too time-consuming for the pressing tasks ahead, so he requested the "portfolio system" of an
804:, was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its own independence in 1948. It was renamed
15291:
13969:
12945:
10542:
7656:
missionaries, for example, arrived in Calcutta in 1836 and by "the year 1880 there were over 31,200 Lutheran Christians spread out in 1,052 villages".
4296:
3782:
7267:
which started in China in the middle of the 19th century, eventually spread to all inhabited continents and killed 10 million Indians in India alone.
1388:
in 1867 and established an autonomous democratic constitution. Lastly, the encouragement came from the work of contemporaneous Oriental scholars like
28467:
28215:
28053:
27509:
22904:
11876:
11624:
9970:
5911:
Rebellion. Since Dalhousie had embraced the technological revolution underway in Britain, India too saw rapid development of all those technologies.
4097:
1973:
13576:
5207:. There were 565 princely states when India and Pakistan became independent from Britain in August 1947. The princely states did not form a part of
28447:
25964:
25954:
16530:
16399:
14970:
Christensen, R. O. (September 1981). "The State and Indian Railway Performance, 1870–1920: Part I, Financial Efficiency and Standards of Service".
13007:
11421:
10030:
7630:
7611:
5377:
5312:
4499:
1181:
321:
23498:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
16078:
25767:
21592:
17494:
10094:
10000:
3900:
3007:
London paid most of the cost of the Indian Army, which had the effect of erasing India's national debt; it ended the war with a surplus of £1,300
1559:
19636:(I.B. Tauris, 2012) 315 pages; focus on Indian entrepreneurs who benefited from the Raj, but ultimately sided with the Indian National Congress.
12017:
Brennan, L. (1984). "The Development of the Indian Famine Codes: Personalities, Politics, and Policies". In Currey, Bruce; Hugo, Graeme (eds.).
2186:", by then a familiar technique of social protest, which he regarded as a practical strategy adopted by the weak in the face of superior force;
28462:
28010:
27431:
25919:
25590:
20543:
16178:
10855:
It was only in 1837 that Persian lost its position as official language of India to Urdu and to English in the higher levels of administration.
5103:
1977:
1817:
3012:
aircraft factory opened in Bangalore. The railway system, with 700,000 employees, was taxed to the limit as demand for transportation soared.
30:
This article is about the rule of India by the British Crown from 1858 to 1947. For the rule of the East India Company from 1757 to 1858, see
28442:
23063:
21607:
20264:
18960:, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. pp. xxx, 1 map, 552.
18411:
Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870 (Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society)
14157:
12974:
10010:
7733:
7398:
opened fire killing hundreds, death toll ranged from 1,500 to 4,500 people. A mass graveyard remains near Salanga Bazar at Rahmatganj, where
1125:
20176:
Editors, Charles Rivers (2016). The British Raj: The History and Legacy of Great Britain's Imperialism in India and the Indian subcontinent.
18889:
Hall-Matthews, David (November 2008), "Inaccurate Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India",
958:, having fought wars with the British, subsequently signed treaties with them and were recognised by the British as independent states. The
26714:
25187:
24127:
23955:
23870:
23609:
23491:
23474:
23352:
18851:(2007), "The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History",
18016:
17031:
Christians and Missionaries in India: Cross-cultural Communication Since 1500, with Special Reference to Caste, Conversion, and Colonialism
10298:
The proclamation for New Delhi to be the capital was made in 1911, but the city was inaugurated as the capital of the Raj in February 1931.
7808:
7442:
5161:
5006:
During the partition of Bengal (1905–1913), the new provinces of Assam and East Bengal were created as a Lieutenant-Governorship. In 1911,
2957:
2445:, and was tasked with investigating "revolutionary conspiracies", with the unstated goal of extending the government's wartime powers. The
1563:
16283:
3246:
Also in early 1946, new elections were called in India. Earlier, at the end of the war in 1945, the colonial government had announced the
2252:, near the Nepal border, where he was invited by a group of disgruntled tenant farmers who, for many years, had been forced into planting
2190:, on the other hand, was for him the "last resort of those strong enough in their commitment to truth to undergo suffering in its cause".
1261:
lost land, animals, and equipment to money-lenders. The latter half of the 19th century also saw an increase in the number of large-scale
27212:
26837:
22943:
21577:
16550:
11219:
11086:
11037:
10680:
10242:
7944:
7717:
7302:, while on assignment in the Deccan at Secunderabad, where the Centre for Tropical and Communicable Diseases is now named in his honour.
4966:
4631:
4542:
3360:
Two silver one rupee coins used in India during the British Raj, showing Victoria, Queen, 1862 (left) and Victoria, Empress, 1886 (right)
1473:, who attempted to mobilise Indians by appealing to an explicitly Hindu political identity, displayed, for example, in the annual public
924:
726:
722:
35:
12430:
11182:
11000:
10645:
10637:
5915:, roads, canals, and bridges were rapidly built in India and telegraph links equally rapidly established so that raw materials, such as
2229:. The first two, he felt, were essential for India to be an egalitarian and tolerant society, one befitting the principles of Truth and
962:
was established as a princely state after the Anglo-Sikkimese Treaty of 1861; however, the issue of sovereignty was left undefined. The
27982:
27534:
25969:
25793:
22633:
22627:
21729:
21587:
20801:
20286:
16305:
7464:
village in retaliation, killing 70 and wounding another 150 people in the massacre. A monument has been built in the memory of victims.
5415:
4177:
3638:
2351:
2328:
950:
between 1793 and 1798, but for later periods the British governors reported to London, and it was not part of the Raj. The kingdoms of
19460:"India: British Imperial Power 1858–1947 (Indian nationalism and the British response, 1885–1920; Prelude to Independence, 1920–1947)"
17586:
16768:
Cain, Peter J. (2012). "Character, 'Ordered Liberty', and the Mission to Civilise: British Moral Justification of Empire, 1870–1914".
27587:
27404:
27288:
27068:
26760:
25831:
25816:
22689:
21622:
16097:
12834:
Epstein, Simon (May 1982). "District Officers in Decline: The Erosion of British Authority in the Bombay Countryside, 1919 to 1947".
12195:
10605:
10588:
4998:
3927:
2110:
that had hitherto been considered politically dormant by the Congress. Both leagues rapidly acquired new members—approximately thirty
7777:
the native South Asian languages) followed by the blend of native and gothic/sarcenic architecture. Similarly, the influence of the
7263:. Estimated deaths in India between 1817 and 1860 exceeded 15 million. Another 23 million died between 1865 and 1917. The
5971:
Studies suggest that from 1765 to 1938 around $ 45 trillion was stolen by the British as a result of their direct control of India.
28058:
28025:
24024:
21627:
20605:
17904:
The Cambridge History of India. Volume 6: The Indian Empire 1858–1918. With Chapters on the Development of Administration 1818–1858
17170:
14826:
Ian Derbyshire, 'The Building of India's Railways: The Application of Western Technology in the Colonial Periphery, 1850–1920', in
8053:
7807:
also popular in certain regions of the subcontinent) were cemented as part of South Asian culture during the British Raj, with the
7332:
directed his attention to establishing a systematic institution in Bombay for imparting medical knowledge to the natives. In 1860,
3633:
3282:, advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less than six months for a mutually agreed plan for independence. With the
2888:
809:
25400:
14355:
Singha, Radhika (February 2003). "Colonial Law and Infrastructural Power: Reconstructing Community, Locating the Female Subject".
11594:
7560:
mother), and 29% by Europeans. Of the 1000 top-level civil services positions, almost all were held by Britons, typically with an
5419:
of such consent, required discussion by the entire Executive Council. This innovation in Indian governance was promulgated in the
2810:
A second-day cancellation of the series "Inauguration of New Delhi", 27 February 1931, commemorating the new city designed by Sir
1435:
as the first president. The membership consisted of a westernised elite, and no effort was made at this time to broaden the base.
28046:
26022:
25687:
25632:
25490:
24342:
21647:
20806:
20745:
17584:
Disappearance of Traditional games by the imitation of Colonial Culture through the Historical parameters of Cultural Colonialism
16204:
14009:: "The political history of the British in India begins in the eighteenth century with the French Wars in the Carnatic. (p. 471)"
12076:
4526:
abolished; ministerial responsibility within the United Kingdom for British relations with India and Pakistan transferred to the
4334:
2909:
18710:
17471:
28482:
27308:
26415:
26192:
25864:
23614:
22537:
21597:
21550:
17681:
17034:
7782:
5734:(1859–1932), began constructing its plant at Jamshedpur in Bihar in 1908, using American technology, not British. According to
5712:, such that by 1870–1880 Indian producers were manufacturing only 25%–45% of local consumption. Deindustrialization of India's
5637:
4342:
3689:
3063:
in the captured regions, including those in Burma, the Philippines and Vietnam, and in addition, the Provisional Government of
2676:
2610:
2530:
1230:
19467:
17613:
11257:
More than 500 Indian kingdoms and principalities existed during the 'British Raj' period (1858–1947) The rule is also called
5410:
governance. However, in the years immediately thereafter, which were also the years of post-rebellion reconstruction, Viceroy
27202:
26904:
26744:
26729:
26523:
26453:
24394:
23949:
22898:
21722:
20852:
20279:
20091:
19849:
19793:
19612:
19395:
19376:
19292:
19274:
19253:
19215:
19176:
19158:
19135:
19106:
19071:
19006:
18947:
18838:
18786:
18751:
18722:
18686:
18662:
18641:
18622:
18603:
18544:
18476:
18441:
18418:
18397:
18370:
18344:
18300:
18276:
18254:
18211:
18186:
18151:
18100:
18063:
18042:
17999:
17981:
17950:
17887:
17857:
17837:
17809:
17787:
17766:
17744:
17538:
17367:
17203:
17178:
17149:
17120:
17092:
17067:
17042:
17013:
16988:
16898:
16873:
16841:
16367:
16063:
15211:
15132:
Burra, Arudra (November 2010). "The Indian Civil Service and the nationalist movement: neutrality, politics and continuity".
15116:
15076:
14798:
14773:
14745:
14705:
14637:
14460:
14412:
13963:
13941:
13502:
13412:
13164:
13131:
12357:
12026:
11566:
11530:
11457:
11400:
11367:
11342:
11311:
11277:
11250:
11213:
11176:
11120:
11080:
11031:
10994:
10945:
10879:
10848:
10820:
10791:
10459:
10250:
4247:
3596:
2787:
1946:
1738:
1442:
17:
24359:
20310:
19618:
19318:
18509:
18447:
18306:
18069:
17863:
16949:
15803:
15686:
14040:
13827:
11317:
28394:
28389:
28250:
28063:
27987:
27060:
26724:
25697:
25562:
23579:
23236:
22846:
22072:
14581:
Bahl, Vinay (October 1994). "The Emergence of Large-Scale Steel Industry in India Under British Colonial Rule, 1880–1907".
10676:
10325:
Outside northern India, the local vernaculars were used as official language in the lower courts and in government offices.
10183:
7607:
5953:. Ray accuses the British of depleting the food and money stocks and of imposing high taxes that helped cause the terrible
5527:
5475:
4476:
4389:
1950:
25377:
18115:(2 vol. 1989) 1235 pp. the fullest scholarly history of political and military events from a British top-down perspective;
16490:
13912:, 1909, Oxford University Press. p. 5. Quote: "The history of British India falls, as observed by Sir C. P. Ilbert in his
27078:
26909:
26331:
25352:
25347:
24847:
23176:
21958:
21843:
21678:
20323:
17245:
15330:
10087:
9820:
7569:
literature and European history. Nevertheless, by the 1920s the student bodies had become hotbeds of Indian nationalism.
4951:
4826:
3384:
Silver one rupee coins used in India during the British Raj, showing George V, King-Emperor, 1913 (left) and 1919 (right)
832:
16743:
16623:
16161:
16116:
14001:: "Before passing on to the political history of British India, which properly begins with the Anglo-French Wars in the
13862:
11406:
Quote: "British India, meanwhile, was itself the powerful 'metropolis' of its own colonial empire, 'the Indian empire'."
2960:, the British, over the next six years, were to increasingly see the League as the main representative of Muslim India.
2493:
million Indians had served in the armed services in either combatant or non-combatant roles, and India had provided £146
2284:, who had organised the farmers, and who too would go on to play a leadership role in the Indian independence movement.
27333:
27328:
27187:
26305:
26265:
25585:
25500:
24852:
22894:
17643:
17268:
16927:
16833:
16409:
15464:
12791:
Potter, David C. (January 1973). "Manpower Shortage and the End of Colonialism: The Case of the Indian Civil Service".
11684:
10193:
7310:
5308:
5250:
4267:
3449:
2393:, and more recently of the Congress-Muslim League Lucknow Pact, was reaffirmed, with seats being reserved for Muslims,
364:
352:
25692:
20141:
16574:
14843:
13204:
Roy, Kaushik (2009). "Military Loyalty in the Colonial Context: A Case Study of the Indian Army during World War II".
13075:
2505:
To combat what it saw as a coming crisis, the government now drafted the Rowlatt committee's recommendations into two
28183:
27303:
27093:
27020:
26706:
26644:
26280:
25783:
25430:
24117:
23056:
22249:
21572:
21567:
18929:
13991:
11654:
10952:
Raj, the: British sovereignty in India before 1947 (also called, the British Raj). The word is from Hindi rāj 'reign'
10911:
8297:
7634:
7599:
6842:
5756:
The railway network of India in 1871, all major cities, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras, as well as Delhi, are connected.
5534:
was headed by an elected president (appointed by the Viceroy from 1921 to 1925). The Council of State consisted of 58
5411:
5254:
4973:
4432:
3980:
3517:
3420:
3286:, the end of the British rule in India in August 1947 saw the creation of two separate states of India and Pakistan.
3060:
3032:
2766:
2054:
1630:("Hail to the Mother"), which invoked a mother goddess, who stood variously for Bengal, India, and the Hindu goddess
1129:
1055:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
685:
308:
25405:
20122:
14630:
Indian Business and Nationalist Politics 1931–39: The Indigenous Capitalist Class and the Rise of the Congress Party
14522:
Paul Bairoch, "Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes", (1995: University of Chicago Press, Chicago) p. 89
8286:
2904:
The series of stamps, "Victory", issued by the Government of India to commemorate the allied victory in World War II
27908:
27903:
27896:
27519:
27489:
26594:
26559:
26336:
25754:
25550:
25367:
24662:
22929:
22916:
21582:
20495:
19986:
Stern, Philip J (2009). "History and Historiography of the English East India Company: Past, Present, and Future".
19231:
15412:
15240:
7982:
7638:
7587:
4574:
4072:
3561:
2964:
India, and emphasised that religious communities were more basic than an artificial nationalism. He proclaimed the
1816:. He announced the capital would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi. This period saw an increase in the activities of
1777:, was aware that a new province with a Muslim majority would directly benefit Muslims aspiring to political power.
17331:
11780:
7313:, which provided legal provision for forcible confinement of people with leprosy in India. Under the direction of
3070:
Bose's effort, however, was short-lived. In mid-1944 the British Army first halted and then reversed the Japanese
2517:
aroused widespread indignation throughout India, and brought Gandhi to the forefront of the nationalist movement.
1562:(1899–1905), was unusually energetic in pursuit of efficiency and reform. His agenda included the creation of the
28283:
28093:
27918:
27854:
27827:
27073:
26765:
26564:
26508:
25811:
25742:
25722:
25527:
25480:
25455:
24060:
23604:
23145:
22876:
21714:
20735:
20725:
20690:
14321:
13032:
10756:
7683:
6047:
Severe overcrowding in the cities caused major public health problems, as noted in an official report from 1938:
5790:
5700:
barriers ranging from 30% to 70% on the importation of cotton yarn or prohibited it entirely. As a result of the
5571:
4463:
4279:
3854:
3567:
3396:
One rupee coins showing George VI, King-Emperor, 1940 (left) and just before India's independence in 1947 (right)
2844:
14915:
13609:
3890:
Establishment of Provincial Legislative Councils in Burma and Punjab; the former a new Lieutenant Governorship.
3270:
government conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of
28193:
27773:
26260:
25475:
25204:
24639:
24142:
23439:
22967:
22581:
22475:
22292:
21976:
21698:
17554:
17408:
14311:
14309:
14284:
14282:
11471:
10080:
8329:
8087:
7345:
7248:
7222:
7161:
5877:
5809:
states built their own rail systems and the network spread to the regions that became the modern-day states of
5328:
4213:
3988:
3915:
3876:
3498:
3458:
2367:
2293:
1839:
1809:
1124:
had shaken the British enterprise in India, it had not derailed it. Until 1857, the British, especially under
20164:
16593:
14294:
5772:"The most magnificent railway station in the world", says the caption of the stereographic tourist picture of
5435:) and serving only in an advisory capacity. All laws enacted by Legislative Councils in India, whether by the
3055:, composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian Army who had been captured by the Japanese in the
28178:
28041:
27803:
27597:
27514:
27353:
27103:
26779:
26739:
26483:
25395:
24476:
23249:
23013:
22764:
22205:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
22102:
22034:
21668:
21637:
13882:
10563:
10188:
9905:
7929:
7725:
7679:
7372:
7218:
5336:
4550:
4527:
4485:
4401:
4084:
3972:
3762:
3720:
3659:
3602:
3184:
2987:
native troops, it expanded tenfold during the war, and small naval and air force units were created. Over two
2829:
A first-day cover issued on 1 April 1937 commemorating the separation of Burma from the British Indian Empire
1266:
19862:
Ellis, Catriona (2009). "Education for All: Reassessing the Historiography of Education in Colonial India".
15546:
Klein, Ira (1990). "Population growth and mortality in British India: Part II: The demographic revolution".
15280:
14306:
14279:
13953:
12914:
11284:
by 1909 the Government of India, reflecting on 50 years of Crown rule after the rebellion, could boast that
6013:
million by 1600 and remained nearly stationary until the 19th century. The population of the Raj reached 255
5894:
5393:
of "double government" had already been in place during the Company's rule in India from the time of Pitt's
5373:
28188:
28083:
27763:
27655:
27555:
27474:
27025:
26473:
26229:
25737:
25513:
25470:
25130:
24112:
24100:
23619:
23049:
22499:
22423:
22399:
22393:
21750:
21688:
21344:
20695:
20302:
20170:
20112:
19954:
Mukherjee, Soumyen. "Origins of Indian Nationalism: Some Questions on the Historiography of Modern India".
19640:
O'Dell, Benjamin D (2014). "Beyond Bengal: Gender, Education, And The Writing Of Colonial Indian History".
16133:
14338:
14336:
13179:
Recruitment was especially active in the Punjab province of British India, under the leadership of Premier
8414:
8046:
7409:
7146:
5436:
5381:
5296:
5274:
5262:
5235:
4523:
4504:
4317:
4209:
4194:
4024:
million women are literate. Of those school-aged, 25% of the boys and 3% of the girls attend. There are 207
3906:
3807:
3504:
3294:
3220:
2746:
2720:
2546:
2371:
2363:
2313:
2008:
426:
412:
378:
333:
14885:
11616:
5530:
excepting the Railway Department, which was headed by a Chief Commissioner of Railways under a secretary.
4588:
In general, the term "British India" had been used (and is still used) to refer also to the regions under
2202:
in a number of protests on behalf of the Indian community in South Africa against the unjust racial laws.
2065:, who had embraced the Pan-Islamic cause; however, it did have the support of a young lawyer from Bombay,
1926:, seated, third from the left, supported the Lucknow Pact in 1916, ending the Muslim League-Congress rift.
1439:
industry, and by the use of Indian taxes to pay the high salaries of the British civil servants in India.
28245:
27935:
27793:
27650:
27281:
27276:
27088:
26634:
26478:
26458:
26187:
25939:
25826:
25173:
24993:
24907:
24802:
24717:
24634:
24132:
24004:
23859:
23466:
23132:
21982:
21534:
20921:
20570:
20083:
The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1947
19706:
Simmons, Colin (1985), "'De-Industrialization', Industrialization and the Indian Economy, c. 1850–1947",
19634:
The Indian Bourgeoisie: A Political History of the Indian Capitalist Class in the Early Twentieth Century
17383:
16534:
13568:
12999:
11417:
10177:
10015:
9885:
7792:
7729:
7291:
7112:
7097:
6931:
5794:
5789:
99-year lease, with the government having the option to buy them earlier. Two new railway companies, the
5747:
5083:
5077:
4931:
4833:
4798:
4758:
4385:
4136:
3963:
3577:
3349:
The reigning British monarchs during the period of the British Raj, 1858–1947, in silver one-rupee coins.
3247:
3174:
3048:
1640:
20730:
19883:
Gilmartin, David (2015). "The Historiography of India's Partition: Between Civilization and Modernity".
19743:
Colonial Masculinity: The 'Manly Englishman' and the 'Effeminate Bengali' in the Late Nineteenth Century
14333:
3747:
Joint Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission appointed for the Afghan frontier. Russian attack on Afghans at
2919:
members, it grew rapidly once it became an organisation that reached out to the masses, reaching 500,000
2441:
In 1917, as Montagu and Chelmsford were compiling their report, a committee chaired by a British judge,
1569:
Trouble emerged for Curzon when he divided the largest administrative subdivision in British India, the
1424:
28406:
28342:
27879:
27847:
27768:
27247:
27108:
27030:
26899:
26884:
26847:
26734:
26629:
26589:
26346:
26315:
26224:
25902:
25857:
25788:
25535:
25140:
25055:
24644:
24542:
23204:
22981:
22955:
22852:
22621:
21269:
20821:
20538:
20533:
20199:
Indian Year-book for 1862: A review of social, intellectual, and religious progress in India and Ceylon
17597:
16075:
15589:
11865:
10335:
10065:
7856:
7695:
7669:
7027:
5992:
5685:
5575:
5332:
4927:
4714:
4605:
4397:
4381:
4152:
3995:
3463:
2716:
2331:, viceroy of India, who cautioned the British Government to be more responsive to Indian public opinion
2276:
district where land-owning farmers were protesting increased land-revenue and the other in the city of
2164:
2041:
1908:
1600:, which was a strategy set out by Lord Curzon to weaken the nationalist movement, Tilak encouraged the
1597:
1590:
1490:
993:
24832:
7358:
This is the list of civilian massacre of Indians, in most cases unarmed peaceful crowds, by the army.
2144:(seated in carriage, on the right, eyes downcast, with black flat-top hat) receiving a big welcome in
28200:
27940:
27778:
27751:
27680:
27615:
27529:
27501:
27298:
27197:
26894:
26719:
26569:
26381:
26285:
26202:
25997:
25959:
25929:
25390:
25334:
25110:
24797:
24732:
24722:
24707:
24042:
23989:
23899:
23495:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
23138:
23094:
22816:
22527:
22202:
22172:
21930:
21244:
20941:
20816:
20655:
20595:
18676:
17141:
16865:
15580:
Klein, "Population growth and mortality in British India: Part II: The demographic revolution", p. 42
15062:
13528:
13185:
Tarin, Omer; Dando, Neal (Autumn 2010). "Memoirs of the Second World War: Major Shaukat Hayat Khan".
10513:
10508:
1931 census: Includes all "No religion" (153 persons), "Indefinite Beliefs" (940 persons), "Chinese (
10035:
9995:
9985:
9460:
9054:
8403:
8275:
7665:
7583:
7505:
7362:
6604:
5923:
during Mughal times to 54% by the end of colonial period. India's per capita GDP decreased from 1990
5705:
5641:
5431:) and allowed to vote, and the other half, comprising Indians and domiciled Britons in India (termed
5389:
5358:
5231:
5010:
was reunited with Bengal, and the new provinces in the east became: Assam, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
4218:
4165:
3937:
3538:
3317:, staying on as its first governor-general came into being; with official ceremonies taking place in
2643:
2526:
2489:
With the end of World War I, there was also a change in the economic climate. By the end of 1919, 1.5
2376:
2343:
1981:
1458:
1354:, 1901, by Naoroji, Member, British Parliament (1892–1895), and Congress president (1886, 1893, 1906)
289:
24932:
19912:
Major, Andrea (2011). "Tall tales and true: India, historiography and British imperial imaginings".
18128:
16182:
15027:
14736:
Hurd, John M. (1983). "Irrigation and Railways: Railways". In Kumar, Dharma; Desai, Meghnad (eds.).
13656:"Clemency" Canning: Charles John, 1st Earl Canning, Governor-General and Viceroy of India, 1856–1862
10316:
Urdu was also given official status in large parts of northern India, as were vernaculars elsewhere.
5478:), each of whom earned a salary of Rs. 66,000 p.a. (£4,950 p.a.). The portfolios in 1946–1947 were:
4614:
over 175 princely states, some of the largest and most important, was exercised (in the name of the
1698:, map of the British Indian Empire, 1909, showing the majority religions based on the Census of 1901
28384:
27869:
27725:
27700:
27469:
27098:
27050:
27040:
27000:
26990:
26624:
26579:
26539:
26513:
26493:
26270:
26219:
26177:
26058:
26042:
25682:
25607:
25254:
24552:
24532:
24497:
24450:
24404:
23756:
23572:
23319:
23027:
22974:
22882:
22840:
22804:
22758:
22373:
22022:
21964:
21529:
21504:
21041:
20740:
20720:
20580:
20440:
20398:
20018:
Whitehead, Clive (2005). "The historiography of British imperial education policy, Part I: India".
10501:
1872 census: Includes all "Others" (5,025,721 persons) and "Not Known" (425,175 persons) responses.
9920:
8834:
8674:
7548:
7456:
7082:
6005:
shows 69 million Muslims and 217 million Hindus out of a total population of 316 million.
5988:
5701:
5420:
5320:
5270:
5224:
4198:
4076:
3803:
3757:
Report of Public Services Commission of 1886–87, creation of the Imperial Civil Service (later the
3531:
3453:
3043:
2873:
2723:. Gandhi subsequently led an expanded movement of civil disobedience, culminating in 1930 with the
2668:
2602:
2454:
2390:
2281:
2132:
1992:
1962:
1793:
1782:
1714:
1574:
1432:
1428:
1370:
1305:
1286:
1218:), a year from completion, was closed to navigation in 1904 to increase irrigation during a famine.
1121:
1017:
745:
399:
14129:
13779:
The administration of the Marquis of Lansdowne as Viceroy and Governor-general of India, 1888–1894
13705:
12134:
3888:
in Bombay (1896), Bubonic plague in Calcutta (1898); riots in wake of plague prevention measures.
3842:
Fall of the rupee, resulting from the steady depreciation of silver currency worldwide (1873–93).
2465:. It presented its report in July 1918 and identified three regions of conspiratorial insurgency:
1096:
28379:
27972:
27960:
27930:
27592:
27539:
27313:
27083:
27035:
26926:
26889:
26879:
26874:
26619:
26544:
26468:
25944:
25460:
25293:
24430:
24122:
24105:
24095:
24070:
23914:
23640:
23536:
23368:
23243:
23211:
23192:
22858:
22810:
22752:
22461:
22405:
21781:
21249:
21219:
20956:
20936:
20771:
20680:
20403:
20393:
20383:
20373:
18591:
16980:
13783:
13180:
11475:
10548:
10025:
9990:
9825:
9605:
9154:
8706:
8635:
8039:
7778:
7649:
7314:
6878:
6002:
5984:
5764:
The railway network of India in 1909, when it was the fourth largest railway network in the world
4570:
4467:
4312:
4273:
4234:
3968:
3788:
3767:
3742:
3695:
3676:
3310:
3156:
3116:
2881:
2728:
2606:
2542:
1968:
At the onset of World War I, the reassignment of most of the British army in India to Europe and
1789:
and District Boards were created for local administration; they included elected Indian members.
1752:
1743:
1730:
1509:
1397:
1332:
19517:
Race, Sex, and Class under the Raj: Imperial Attitudes and Policies and Their Critics, 1793–1905
15802:(Supplement to Commerce Reports ed.). Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. p. 46.
11602:
7753:
7664:
with a focus on "education, health ministry, and evangelism". In the 1790s, Christians from the
2786:, three places to the right of Gandhi (to the viewer's left) at the 2nd Round Table Conference.
28437:
28327:
27967:
27923:
27798:
27730:
27720:
27685:
27323:
27318:
27167:
26980:
26975:
26921:
26842:
26612:
26607:
26584:
26420:
25907:
25660:
25655:
25642:
25597:
25465:
25150:
25065:
24912:
24624:
24557:
24425:
24374:
24306:
24206:
24196:
23994:
23929:
23736:
23665:
23007:
22988:
22864:
22828:
22600:
22588:
22487:
22367:
22355:
22243:
22198:
22186:
21817:
21474:
21384:
21379:
20620:
20559:
20451:
20378:
20368:
18462:
18427:
18406:
17754:
16279:
15022:
13156:
11556:
9940:
9915:
9865:
9805:
9390:
9326:
9124:
8340:
8215:
7742:
7626:
7578:
7556:
7544:
7467:
7413:
7395:
5397:. The governor-general in the capital, Calcutta, and the governor in a subordinate presidency (
4921:
4597:
4369:
4307:
4223:
4190:
3440:
3098:
2945:
2680:
2095:
1389:
1385:
920:
570:
19756:
Tirthankar, Roy (2014), "Financing the Raj: the City of London and colonial India 1858–1940",
18244:
16357:
13494:
13402:
11390:
11240:
11203:
11110:
11068:
11021:
7336:
became one of the four recognised colleges for teaching courses leading to degrees (alongside
6832:
5574:
and subdivided into districts, which were the basic administrative units and each headed by a
5018:
In addition, there were a few minor provinces that were administered by a chief commissioner:
2338:
In 1916, in the face of new strength demonstrated by the nationalists with the signing of the
1808:
The partition of Bengal was rescinded in 1911 and announced at the Delhi Durbar at which King
1084:
28288:
28161:
28146:
28015:
27992:
27710:
27560:
27484:
27436:
27426:
27015:
26963:
26948:
26389:
26310:
26239:
26234:
26027:
25992:
25934:
25850:
25717:
25577:
25540:
25523:
25422:
25315:
25135:
25115:
25095:
24958:
24922:
24877:
24822:
24614:
24609:
24384:
24331:
24156:
24065:
24034:
23974:
23924:
23706:
23696:
23546:
23152:
22307:
22084:
22066:
21875:
21806:
21673:
21612:
21439:
21224:
21169:
21001:
20961:
20766:
20685:
20630:
20615:
20565:
20553:
20430:
19839:
19267:
Constructing Pakistan: Foundational Texts and the Rise of Muslim National Identity, 1857–1947
17357:
15389:
13760:
12441:
12070:
The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 11: Material Progress and World-Wide Problems, 1870–98
11357:
11267:
11166:
10984:
10209:
10116:
9975:
9945:
9810:
9765:
9595:
9234:
9224:
9194:
8926:
8906:
8767:
8136:
8098:
8002:
7972:
7762:
7498:
7405:
7341:
7333:
7264:
7241:
7176:
7067:
7019:
5980:
5954:
5689:
5595:
5362:
5344:
5109:
4805:
4589:
4455:
4322:
4283:
4228:
4186:
4148:
3999:
3608:
3542:
3527:
3485:
2840:
2750:
2423:
2398:
2347:
2168:
2000:
1969:
1786:
1748:
1618:
1454:
1150:
844:
801:
749:
584:
525:
31:
24286:
20155:
20059:
The Historiography of the British Empire-Commonwealth: Trends, Interpretations and Resources
19788:, New Cambridge History of India, vol. III.3, Cambridge University Press, p. 109,
19148:
18636:, (Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge University Press. pp. 316,
18598:, (Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge University Press. pp. 400,
18138:(1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin.
17921:
16309:
15261:
Rajat Kanta Ray, "Indian Society and the Establishment of British Supremacy, 1765–1818", in
15066:
13721:
13550:, even if there had been the men, money, and administrative machinery with which to do so."
13534:
quo. We have no longer the resources, nor the necessary prestige or confidence in ourselves.
13148:
12229:
Ranbir Vohra, The Making of India: A Historical Survey (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, Inc, 1997), 120
7286:
Fevers ranked as one of the leading causes of death in India in the 19th century. Britain's
7279:
against cholera and bubonic plague. In 1925 the Plague Laboratory in Bombay was renamed the
5997:
4592:
in India from 1600 to 1858. The term has also been used to refer to the "British in India".
1765:
in which Hindus had battled their Muslim oppressors. Lastly, the Muslim elite, and among it
1737:. Although Curzon, by now, had resigned his position over a dispute with his military chief
28073:
27808:
27746:
27715:
27705:
27665:
27660:
27399:
27338:
27192:
26985:
26968:
26445:
25412:
25120:
25039:
25003:
24953:
24812:
24737:
24522:
24399:
24191:
23966:
23944:
23939:
23904:
23846:
23457:
23275:
23188:
23122:
23100:
23001:
22961:
22870:
22834:
22772:
22697:
22385:
22120:
22114:
22108:
21524:
21479:
21414:
21359:
21304:
21189:
21094:
21051:
21006:
20926:
20826:
20670:
20575:
20425:
18672:
17583:
13123:
13117:
12915:"Politics, Intelligence and Elections in Late Colonial India: Congress and the Raj in 1937"
11483:
10958:
10611:
10204:
10172:
10055:
9910:
9895:
9840:
9481:
7804:
7522:
7226:
5821:
India as they were "an essential strategic, defensive, subjugators and administrative 'tool
4472:
3959:
3758:
3708:
3436:
3432:
3290:
3052:
3051:
for help in gaining India's independence by force. With Japanese support, he organised the
2877:
2754:
Legislative Assemblies. A voter could cast a vote only for candidates in his own category.
2735:
2499:
2462:
2458:
2128:
2058:
2012:
1958:
1680:
1402:
1381:
781:
556:
20006:
Stern, Philip J. "Early Eighteenth-Century British India: Antimeridian or antemeridiem?".
18508:, Studies in the Social Sciences, vol. V, Iowa City: The University, pp. 79–81,
16094:
15109:
Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self
7774:
938:, which was referred to coastal regions and northern part of the island at that time (now
883:. This area is very diverse, containing the Himalayan mountains, fertile floodplains, the
812:
was also part of British India at the inception of the British Raj, and became a separate
8:
28364:
28357:
28352:
28151:
28088:
28078:
27874:
27842:
27813:
27207:
27162:
27126:
27045:
26852:
26829:
26602:
26425:
26197:
26106:
25762:
25732:
25709:
25677:
25508:
25445:
25308:
25298:
25145:
25090:
24927:
24917:
24902:
24892:
24857:
24787:
24702:
24672:
24619:
24336:
24090:
24085:
23984:
23979:
23746:
23701:
23660:
23565:
22936:
22739:
22646:
22594:
22481:
22469:
22449:
22437:
22349:
22140:
22052:
21509:
21454:
21339:
21334:
21229:
21209:
21134:
20931:
20911:
20906:
20901:
20876:
20715:
20131:
19669:
Roy, Tirthankar (Summer 2002), "Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link",
16331:
15590:
Waterfield, Henry; Great Britain India Office Statistics AND Commerce Department (1872).
11168:
Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain
10476:
10198:
9835:
9563:
9410:
9104:
9084:
8496:
8444:
7786:
7770:
7758:
7618:
7595:
7430:
7337:
7325:. Between 1868 and 1907, there were approximately 4.7 million deaths from smallpox.
6979:
6947:
5870:
5798:
5709:
5394:
5204:
4459:
4437:
4415:
4407:
4361:
4252:
4182:
4160:
4132:
3860:
3426:
3328:
3271:
3188:
3120:
3056:
3039:
3027:
3023:, did not support the Cripps Mission and negotiations with the Congress soon broke down.
2937:
2929:
2852:
2712:
2675:
In 1920, after the British government refused to back down, Gandhi began his campaign of
2066:
2062:
1996:
1942:
1923:
1470:
1309:
1301:
1270:
1051:
908:
884:
730:
706:
693:
634:
171:
25627:
20181:
19530:
Derbyshire, I. D. (1987), "Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860–1914",
18596:
Imperial Power and Popular Politics: Class, Resistance and the State in India, 1850–1950
17759:
Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (The New Cambridge History of India)
13777:
13699:
11497:
11051:
schooled in British mores, primed to participate in public life, and loyal to the Crown.
7831:
3255:, with the stated goal of highlighting, peacefully, the demand for a Muslim homeland in
1995:, organised political activity by the Congress had remained fragmented until 1914, when
28308:
28293:
28260:
28210:
28173:
27950:
27913:
27783:
27690:
27645:
27640:
27479:
27464:
27443:
27373:
27348:
27293:
27182:
27177:
27172:
26869:
26369:
26244:
26214:
26167:
26134:
25949:
25555:
25440:
25362:
25342:
25303:
25044:
24867:
24862:
24827:
24807:
24782:
24777:
24772:
24767:
24762:
24747:
24742:
24687:
24594:
24440:
24311:
24201:
24181:
24137:
24080:
24075:
24052:
24019:
24009:
23999:
23881:
23182:
23164:
23104:
22995:
22721:
22683:
22659:
22640:
22531:
22078:
22004:
21970:
21869:
21849:
21775:
21693:
21539:
21459:
21389:
21374:
21284:
21274:
21184:
21174:
21159:
21144:
21124:
21099:
20971:
20916:
20640:
20610:
20505:
20485:
20435:
20333:
20259:
20035:
19929:
19900:
19819:
19773:
19731:
19723:
19688:
19657:
19555:
19547:
19512:(4th ed. 1952), 677 pp. thorough scholarly coverage; focus on 20th century down to 1939
19439:
19431:
19355:
19338:
Satya, Laxman D. (2008). "British Imperial Railways in Nineteenth Century South Asia".
19305:
19262:
19051:
19043:
18917:
18906:
18878:
18580:
18234:
18084:
16785:
16256:
16231:
15859:
15829:
15771:
15742:
15712:
15654:
15624:
15595:
15563:
15509:
15149:
14987:
14678:
14670:
14653:
I. D. Derbyshire (1987). "Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860–1914".
14598:
14493:
14489:
14372:
14110:
13269:
13221:
12937:
12859:
12851:
12816:
12808:
12743:
12212:
10748:
10740:
10040:
9900:
9880:
9525:
9134:
9044:
8814:
8804:
8737:
8686:
8392:
8308:
8022:
7962:
7280:
5941:
5906:
In the second half of the 19th century, both the direct administration of India by the
5713:
5617:
5607:
5258:
5216:
5167:
4514:
4377:
4356:
4140:
3910:
3867:
3642:
3581:
3283:
3170:
3152:
2949:
2691:
2183:
2078:
1957:
in 1920 and participated, under the name "Les Indes Anglaises" (British India), in the
1766:
904:
765:
753:
616:
440:
181:
20254:
20249:
16208:
12073:
28347:
28337:
28332:
28235:
28220:
27955:
27837:
27832:
27695:
27675:
27670:
27582:
27577:
27394:
27343:
27154:
26953:
26817:
26518:
26172:
25727:
25650:
25372:
25357:
25070:
25060:
25023:
24897:
24882:
24757:
24727:
24697:
24692:
24667:
24604:
24599:
24589:
24460:
24409:
24296:
24291:
24014:
23650:
23635:
23542:
23128:
22746:
22711:
22443:
22331:
22279:
22273:
22257:
22096:
22090:
22040:
22010:
21940:
21683:
21514:
21499:
21399:
21294:
21254:
21179:
21084:
21056:
21016:
20841:
20625:
20585:
20548:
20510:
20490:
20480:
20363:
20353:
20087:
20039:
19999:
19933:
19875:
19845:
19823:
19789:
19777:
19735:
19608:
19569:
edited by Peter N. Stearns, (vol. 1, 2001), pp. 515–521. online emphasis on Raj.
19559:
19443:
19391:
19372:
19347:
19288:
19270:
19249:
19211:
19172:
19154:
19144:
19131:
19123:
19102:
19067:
19055:
19002:
18996:
18965:
18943:
18925:
18910:
18882:
18834:
18782:
18747:
18718:
18682:
18658:
18637:
18618:
18599:
18584:
18540:
18472:
18437:
18414:
18393:
18366:
18340:
18296:
18272:
18250:
18207:
18200:
18182:
18147:
18096:
18088:
18059:
18038:
17995:
17977:
17946:
17883:
17853:
17833:
17827:
17805:
17783:
17762:
17740:
17651:
17534:
17463:
17363:
17300:
17199:
17174:
17145:
17116:
17088:
17063:
17038:
17009:
16984:
16923:
16894:
16869:
16837:
16789:
16405:
16363:
16261:
16059:
15567:
15460:
15364:
15207:
15153:
15112:
15072:
15036:
15007:
14991:
14828:
Technology and the Raj: Western Technology and Technical Transfers to India 1700–1947
14794:
14769:
14741:
14701:
14682:
14633:
14602:
14456:
14408:
14376:
14149:
14114:
14102:
13959:
13937:
13498:
13487:
13408:
13273:
13225:
13160:
13149:
13127:
12941:
12863:
12820:
12353:
12216:
12022:
11750:
11733:
Ernst, W. (1996). "European Madness and Gender in Nineteenth-century British India".
11562:
11526:
11453:
11443:
11396:
11363:
11338:
11337:, Oxford World's Classics: Authors in Context, Oxford University Press, p. 160,
11307:
11273:
11246:
11209:
11172:
11116:
11076:
11027:
10990:
10941:
10907:
10875:
10844:
10816:
10787:
10752:
10732:
10351:(reigned January to December 1936), did not issue any Indian currency under his name.
10158:
10050:
10020:
9930:
9925:
9870:
9815:
9645:
9535:
9514:
9470:
9440:
9144:
9074:
9064:
9034:
8516:
8478:
8358:
8110:
7738:
7661:
7421:
7391:
7329:
7268:
6987:
6951:
6923:
6067:
5773:
5456:
5402:
5398:
5219:
authority prior to the advent of British Raj was finally abolished and seized by the
4873:
4765:
4721:
4687:
4373:
3444:
3372:
Silver one rupee coins showing Edward VII, King-Emperor, 1903 (left) and 1908 (right)
3314:
3302:
3298:
3279:
3267:
3252:
3020:
2965:
2953:
2925:
2510:
2470:
2446:
2431:
2099:
2091:
2021:
2004:
1954:
1770:
1601:
1570:
1517:
1494:
1419:
1366:
1336:
1188:
1021:
959:
947:
828:
773:
538:
94:
64:
19904:
19661:
19459:
19369:
Community and Consensus in Islam: Muslim Representation in Colonial India, 1860–1947
15944:
15621:"Report on the census of British India, taken on the 17th February 1881 ..., Vol. 2"
11774:"'Send the Mild Hindoo:' The Simultaneous Expansion of British Suffrage and Empire∗"
1108:
28275:
28230:
28225:
28125:
28098:
27945:
27756:
27630:
27625:
27620:
27570:
27459:
27414:
27235:
27144:
26916:
26794:
26789:
26784:
26774:
26503:
26463:
26394:
26096:
25924:
25914:
25884:
25276:
25086:
25050:
24968:
24792:
24562:
24507:
24470:
24445:
24435:
24369:
24321:
24251:
24246:
24241:
24236:
24231:
24221:
24216:
23909:
23655:
23499:
23432:
23424:
23416:
23344:
23255:
23223:
23110:
22910:
22822:
22607:
22133:
22126:
22028:
21913:
21858:
21703:
21617:
21494:
21464:
21444:
21419:
21409:
21349:
21259:
21204:
21199:
21089:
21011:
20836:
20791:
20776:
20700:
20675:
20645:
20408:
20348:
20027:
19995:
19921:
19892:
19871:
19811:
19765:
19715:
19678:
19649:
19539:
19421:
19246:
England's Debt to India: A Historical Narrative of Britain's Fiscal Policy in India
19192:
19035:
18922:
The tentacles of progress: technology transfer in the age of imperialism, 1850–1940
18898:
18868:
18860:
18572:
17292:
16777:
16735:
16251:
16243:
15555:
15501:
15424:
15199:
15141:
15032:
14979:
14662:
14590:
14548:
14485:
14448:
14364:
14141:
14092:
13261:
13213:
13113:
12929:
12843:
12800:
12735:
12204:
11742:
10724:
10045:
9980:
9950:
9935:
9890:
9875:
9860:
9830:
9725:
9420:
9204:
9114:
8993:
8983:
8936:
8865:
8844:
8434:
8424:
8263:
8198:
7901:
7518:
7383:
7318:
7225:, in which 1.25 to 10 million Indians perished. Recent research, including work by
7052:
7003:
6991:
6874:
5366:
5300:
4943:
4450:
4446:
4411:
4111:
3993:
Inauguration of agricultural banking with Cooperative Credit Societies Act of 1904
3954:
3669:
3650:
3467:
3306:
3124:
2933:
2893:
2861:
2783:
2702:
2687:
2647:
2534:
2226:
1866:
1821:
1813:
1710:
1646:
1513:
1328:
1075:
951:
943:
761:
668:
211:
166:
98:
21744:
19802:
Tomlinson, Brian Roger (October 1975), "India and the British Empire, 1880–1935",
19167:
Moore, Robin J. (2001a), "Imperial India, 1858–1914", in Porter, Andrew N. (ed.),
19117:
Women of the Raj: The Mothers, Wives, and Daughters of the British Empire in India
19026:
Klein, Ira (July 2000), "Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India",
18557:
17359:
Going Global: Transnational Perspectives on Globalization, Language, and Education
15651:"Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states"
14567:
14097:
14080:
10906:. New Cambridge History of India series. Cambridge University Press. p. 122.
7919:
7233:, argue that famines in India were made more severe by British policies in India.
4341:
Burma administered independently after 1937 with creation of new cabinet position
2715:: "complete independence"), or Purna Swarajya. The declaration was drafted by the
28374:
28298:
28240:
28205:
27886:
27864:
27788:
27565:
26689:
26684:
26674:
26667:
26435:
26290:
26275:
26101:
25984:
25485:
25249:
25237:
24963:
24712:
24682:
24677:
24537:
24527:
24492:
24482:
24465:
24301:
24256:
24171:
23889:
23864:
23711:
23452:
23229:
23158:
22949:
22888:
22727:
22411:
22313:
22016:
21652:
21642:
21544:
21449:
21394:
21309:
21289:
21109:
21079:
21074:
21031:
21021:
20986:
20981:
20946:
20871:
20796:
20635:
20358:
20232:
20221:
20208:
20202:
20081:
19925:
19769:
19602:
19494:
19332:
19322:
19315:
19235:
18828:
18810:
18776:
18762:
18652:
18503:
18466:
18431:
18332:
18326:
18290:
18176:
18053:
17971:
17847:
17797:
17777:
17601:
17590:
17555:"Batting for the British Empire: how Victorian cricket was more than just a game"
17528:
17434:"What India was crazy about: Hockey first, Cricket later, Football, Kabaddi now?"
16943:
16781:
16514:
16165:
16120:
16101:
16082:
15863:
15855:
15833:
15825:
15797:
15775:
15767:
15746:
15738:
15716:
15708:
15680:
15658:
15650:
15628:
15620:
15599:
15591:
15265:: vol. 2, "The Eighteenth Century" ed. by P. J. Marshall, (1998), pp. 508–29
15145:
14002:
13866:
13679:
13654:
12979:
12347:
12243:
12080:
11479:
11447:
11301:
10569:
10144:
9503:
9492:
9450:
9430:
9348:
9315:
8896:
8824:
8784:
8696:
8656:
8618:
8536:
7691:
7687:
7641:
being built in 1847. By 1930, the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon had fourteen
7475:
7452:
7424:
7387:
7214:
6983:
6862:
5945:
5138:
4601:
4509:
4393:
4144:
3792:
3616:
3548:
3481:
3240:
3196:
3094:
2724:
2629:
2257:
1933:
1450:
1262:
1172:
1145:
1013:
134:
106:
25617:
18654:
India under Morley and Minto: politics behind revolution, repression and reforms
14887:
Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862
14700:. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 1–19.
12730:
Sayer, Derek (May 1991). "British Reaction to the Amritsar Massacre 1919–1920".
12349:
India under Morley and Minto: politics behind revolution, repression and reforms
4640:
provinces that were administered either by a governor or a lieutenant-governor.
28401:
28369:
28315:
28265:
28255:
28156:
27977:
27859:
27635:
26770:
26498:
26488:
26300:
26209:
26162:
26157:
26129:
26086:
26081:
26017:
25622:
25612:
25382:
25288:
25105:
24887:
24872:
24837:
24577:
24572:
24455:
24389:
24261:
23919:
23894:
23799:
23716:
23670:
23337:
23325:
23170:
22786:
22715:
22704:
22493:
22455:
22361:
22325:
22319:
22285:
21823:
21746:
21484:
21434:
21424:
21404:
21369:
21329:
21314:
21036:
20966:
20951:
20891:
20881:
20710:
20600:
20470:
20445:
20420:
20318:
20271:
19858:
Durant, Will (2011, reprint). The case for India. New York: Simon and Schuster.
19815:
19683:
19426:
19196:
19018:(2015), wide-ranging scholarly survey excerpt; also published as Khan, Yasmin.
18864:
18499:
18240:
18224:
18135:
18108:
18030:
16332:"Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette"
16247:
15559:
15489:
15191:
14983:
14851:
14761:
14594:
14552:
14440:
14368:
13924:
13811:
13404:
His Majesty's Opponent: Subhas Chandra Bose and India's Struggle against Empire
13265:
12208:
11106:
10573:
10286:
10278:
10230:
10167:
9713:
9665:
9359:
9337:
9305:
9283:
9244:
9174:
9164:
9024:
8757:
8567:
8069:
8012:
7846:
7823:
7272:
6963:
6484:
5960:
5857:
5814:
5805:
5660:
5291:
in the provincial governments in the presidencies (and later in the provinces).
5199:
A Princely State, also called a Native State or an Indian State, was a British
5194:
5132:
4879:
4839:
4677:
4565:
4546:
4480:
4442:
4419:
3933:
3885:
3871:
3836:
Railways, roads, and irrigation works begun in Burma. Border between Burma and
3823:
3813:
3752:
3646:
3475:
3337:
3179:
3090:
3075:
3071:
3016:
2941:
2848:
2791:
2442:
2427:
2216:
2141:
1862:
1253:
1036:
935:
912:
836:
757:
734:
230:
204:
130:
20031:
19896:
19719:
19653:
19543:
19039:
18902:
18576:
18008:
Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra; Datta, Kalikinkar (1950),
17880:
India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Seminar Studies in History Series)
17495:"How India came to love cricket, favored sport of its colonial British rulers"
17237:
15315:
P.J. Marshall (1998). "The British in Asia: Trade to Dominion, 1700–1765", in
14764:(2001). "The pattern of railway development in India". In Kerr, Ian J. (ed.).
14666:
13955:
Poor Relations: The Making of a Eurasian Community in British India, 1773–1833
12847:
12804:
10784:
A Dictionary of Languages: The definitive reference to more than 400 languages
10728:
5570:
Each province or presidency comprised a number of divisions, each headed by a
3325:
on 15 August. This was done so that Mountbatten could attend both ceremonies.
1831:
1552:, 1909, showing "Mother India" with her progeny and the slogan "Vande Mataram"
28431:
28303:
28166:
27891:
27409:
27368:
26696:
26652:
26549:
26124:
26063:
26032:
26012:
26007:
25450:
24752:
24517:
24512:
23934:
23792:
23751:
23731:
23378:
23198:
22379:
22263:
21429:
21354:
21319:
21279:
21194:
21164:
21154:
21139:
21026:
20996:
20976:
20705:
20234:
The Cyclopedia of India: biographical, historical, administrative, commercial
19351:
18848:
17655:
17304:
16675:
16579:
16424:
16158:
16113:
15368:
15357:"Independence Day: How the British pulled off a $ 45 trillion heist in India"
14153:
14106:
13907:
Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume IV, published under the authority of the
13859:
12739:
10736:
10373:
10285:, not of the British Raj, i.e. the British Indian Empire, which included the
10282:
9635:
9575:
9400:
8794:
8747:
8727:
8601:
8584:
8546:
8526:
8461:
8245:
8235:
8225:
8168:
7724:
into the sort of English landlords that controlled local affairs in England.
7471:
7417:
7366:
5950:
5927:
550 in 1700 to $ 520 by 1857, although it later increased to $ 618, by 1947.
5907:
5719:
5697:
5688:
in 1813, the importation into India of British manufactured goods, including
5624:
5324:
5212:
5208:
5048:
4979:
4935:
4743:
4440:
becomes, at 2.5 million men, the largest all-volunteer force in history.
4068:
3797:
3256:
2900:
2815:
2811:
2655:
2474:
2402:
2355:
2309:
2268:. The following year Gandhi launched two more Satyagrahas—both in his native
1858:
1635:
1626:
1577:
and the Hindu-majority province of West Bengal (present-day Indian states of
1418:(1883), a legislative measure that had proposed putting Indian judges in the
1244:
1240:
1137:
1113:
1101:
1089:
892:
507:
90:
24281:
20227:
Statistical abstract relating to British India, from 1895 to 1896 to 1904–05
15281:"Impact of British Rule on India: Economic, Social and Cultural (1757–1857)"
14145:
13934:
Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765–1843
12963:
Empire, politics and the creation of the 1935 India Act: last act of the Raj
11676:
7564:
degree. The government, often working with local philanthropists, opened 186
2370:) was passed in December 1919. The new Act enlarged both the provincial and
1393:
27419:
27389:
26936:
26399:
26116:
26002:
25602:
25567:
24842:
24364:
24326:
24226:
23809:
23408:
23116:
22677:
22671:
22652:
22417:
22152:
22059:
21998:
21992:
21632:
21519:
21149:
21114:
21104:
21046:
20846:
20750:
20660:
20650:
20415:
20343:
20328:
19942:
The Origins of Modern Historiography in India: Antiquarianism and Philology
18975:
18286:
18264:
18195:
17823:
17060:
The Proceedings of the 21st Annual History of Medicine Days Conference 2012
16265:
15736:
13908:
11754:
11558:
The Indian encyclopaedia: biographical, historical, religious ..., Volume 6
10509:
10130:
9755:
9745:
9625:
9615:
9545:
9380:
9370:
9254:
9184:
8966:
8886:
8506:
8370:
8318:
8186:
7886:
7876:
7796:
7509:
7236:
7221:, in which 6.1 million to 10.39 million Indians perished and the
6424:
5937:
5830:
5731:
5599:
5354:
5304:
5200:
4847:
4519:
4350:
4346:
4156:
4115:
4107:
3946:
3654:
3102:
3059:. As the war turned against them, the Japanese came to support a number of
2915:
While the Muslim League had been a small elite group in 1927 with only 1300
2707:
2633:
2538:
2506:
2406:
2339:
2149:
2137:
2082:
2045:
1985:
1904:
1843:
1825:
1274:
998:
967:
916:
473:
20127:
19388:
Region and Partition: Bengal, Punjab and the Partition of the Subcontinent
14081:"علم الإشارة في سورة الفاتحة من خلال تفسير معارف القرآن للکاندهلوي نموذجا"
11746:
11646:
7539:
3725:
Repeal of import duties on cotton and of most tariffs. Railway extension.
3343:
2028:, had also sporadically claimed guardianship of the Islamic holy sites of
1713:, a founder of the Muslim League, was to also become the president of the
1239:
In the second half of the 19th century, both the direct administration of
1035:
The proclamation to the "Princes, Chiefs, and People of India", issued by
744:
This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the
28320:
27524:
27139:
27134:
26862:
26679:
26662:
26554:
26149:
26091:
26073:
26037:
25244:
25232:
25212:
24583:
24379:
24271:
24266:
24186:
23777:
23761:
23525:
23021:
22922:
22733:
22237:
21952:
21946:
21239:
21119:
20811:
20590:
19094:
18980:
The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan
18015:
Majumdar, R. C. ed. (1970). British paramountcy and Indian renaissance. (
17967:
17819:
16232:"Smallpox and Vaccination in British India During the Last Seventy Years"
15203:
14537:
14452:
12254:
12193:
McLane, John R. (July 1965). "The Decision to Partition Bengal in 1905".
10489:
10369:
10365:
10348:
9735:
9695:
9094:
8956:
8946:
7866:
7488:
7287:
7230:
5899:
5839:
5835:
5316:
4983:
4843:
4775:
4731:
4204:
3880:
3831:
3827:
3701:
2514:
2450:
2435:
2418:
1890:
1886:
1797:
1578:
1415:
1380:
avail itself of the benefits of that education such as employment in the
900:
896:
888:
880:
817:
797:
793:
721:
in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the
602:
266:
20220:(26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901.
20136:
19359:
19285:
The Indian Princes and their States (The New Cambridge History of India)
19228:
17409:"Cricket, curry and cups of tea: India's influence on Victorian Britain"
17238:"Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth-Century India: the British in Bengal"
16739:
15527:
Khan, J.H. (2004). "Population growth and demographic change in India".
15317:
The Oxford History of the British Empire: vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century
15232:
13921:
The Statutes: From the Twentieth Year of King Henry the Third to the ...
11392:
Britain's Oceanic Empire: Atlantic and Indian Ocean Worlds, C. 1550–1850
7781:
and culture can be seen on Britain, too; for example, many Indian words
5801:
scheme. Further, there was no government regulation of these companies.
5350:
5261:
from 1852 to 1855; he shaped British education policy in India, and was
2520:
1532:
Congress moderate Sir Surendranath Banerjee led the opposition with the
792:
gained independence from Pakistan. At the inception of the Raj in 1858,
27363:
27255:
26657:
26341:
26139:
25435:
25325:
25217:
25196:
24629:
24567:
24486:
23726:
23691:
22798:
22779:
22522:
22301:
21920:
21837:
21489:
21264:
21214:
21129:
20781:
20665:
20500:
20152:
The lion and the tiger: the rise and fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947
19692:
19412:
Tinker, Hugh (October 1968), "India in the First World War and after",
19241:
18095:, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. xxxiii, 372,
17943:
The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947
17852:, vol. III (Revised ed.), New Delhi: Lotus Press, p. 2,
16698:"Vidurashwatha Massacre, the Forgotten Jallianwala Bagh of South India"
15513:
15104:
14497:
13217:
10479:" (140,422 persons), and "Other Christian" (135,462 persons) responses.
10466:" (349,863 persons), and "Other Hindu" (206,117,326 persons) responses.
10444:
10429:
10414:
10399:
10384:
10262:
9685:
9585:
9295:
7657:
6100:
5924:
5768:
5727:
5693:
5651:
5340:
4947:
4883:
4727:
4611:
3950:
3620:
3471:
3139:
Newly arrived Indian troops on the quayside in Singapore, November 1941
2739:
2574:
2303:
2261:
2174:
1761:
1756:
1725:
1411:
1208:
789:
242:
19727:
19551:
19491:
Tilak and Gokhale: revolution and reform in the making of modern India
19435:
19047:
18873:
17296:
16123:– Medical History of British India, National Library of Scotland 2007.
14674:
13749:, (Dec 1960) 10#12 pp. 821–30, and (Jan 1961) 11#1 pp. 56–64
13252:
Gupta, Shyam Ratna (January 1972). "New Light on the Cripps Mission".
12855:
12812:
12747:
12159:
Tilak and Gokhale: revolution and reform in the making of modern India
11208:, Auteur (now an imprint of Liverpool University Press), p. 221,
10744:
10712:
10455:" (418,789 persons), and "Other Hindu" (18,898,884 persons) responses.
6663:
5760:
5752:
3987:
Systemisation of preservation and restoration of ancient monuments by
3211:
3119:(left) seconding the 1940 Lahore Resolution of the Muslim League with
3031:
students and later by peasant political groups, especially in Eastern
2322:
2316:, also known as the Montford Reforms or the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
2241:; rather, it was the inability of Indians to create a modern society.
1280:
1175:, the fourth largest in the world. Railway construction began in 1853.
26857:
25283:
25165:
24988:
24978:
24547:
23854:
23741:
23444:
22297:
22046:
21830:
21469:
21364:
21324:
21299:
21234:
20896:
20886:
20786:
18830:
Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India
18390:
Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland: The Central Provinces, 1820–1920
14910:
14476:
Peter Robb (November 1981). "British Rule and Indian "Improvement"".
13630:
Ian Talbot and Gurharpal Singh, The Partition of India (2009), passim
12993:
12991:
12989:
12933:
10463:
10452:
10448:
10440:
10433:
10425:
10418:
10410:
10403:
10395:
10388:
10380:
10361:
10246:
9655:
7761:
at a match. Cricket, a British-origin sport, has been described as a
7625:
chaplains in India. Following the arrival of the Church of England's
7376:
5246:
5220:
5054:
4899:
4891:
4783:
4739:
4691:
4615:
4119:
King George V announces creation of new city of New Delhi to replace
3322:
3263:
3203:
3064:
2277:
2245:
2225:—the boycott of manufactured foreign goods and the revival of Indian
2086:
2044:
in 1911, a decision that was seen as ill-disposed to Muslims. In the
2037:
1991:
After the 1906 split between the moderates and the extremists in the
1661:
1607:
1480:
1233:, the Liberal Viceroy of India, who instituted the Famine Code. 1880.
939:
702:
278:
151:
26430:
18955:
18717:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 400, pp. 108–146,
17464:"World Cup 2022: How football fever is gripping cricket-crazy India"
17113:
Imperialism as Diaspora: Race, Sexuality, and History in Anglo-India
16963:
Tinnevelly 1896; Nagpur 1903; Dornakal 1912; Assam 1915; Nasik 1929.
16456:
15950:
15795:
15505:
15429:
10967:
raj: (often cap; in India) rule, esp. the British rule prior to 1947
7493:
6248:
5586:
4555:
India during the British Raj was made up of two types of territory:
3706:
Local Government Acts extend self-government from towns to country.
2632:
after the non-co-operation movement. Standing, fourth from right is
2480:
2155:
34:. For British directly-ruled administrative divisions in India, see
27260:
26295:
25545:
25271:
25261:
25125:
25008:
24998:
24817:
24316:
23588:
23372:
23287:
22566:
22518:
22267:
22194:
22180:
22176:
22146:
21934:
20831:
20475:
18964:
17319:
Hindu Nationalists in India: the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party
16649:
16601:
14051:
14036:
14021:
13589:
portal to educational sources available in the India Office Records
13027:
13025:
10627:
Interpretation Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 63), s. 18.
10475:
1941 census: Includes all "Indian Christian" (6,040,665 persons), "
10005:
8916:
8381:
8158:
8148:
7721:
7653:
7622:
7591:
7561:
7446:
7322:
7260:
6308:
6304:
6184:
6037:
6009:
The population of the territory that became the British Raj was 100
5696:" on India, while continental Europe and the United States erected
5591:
5285:
4699:
4120:
4103:
3941:
3922:
Financial Reform Act of 1899; Gold Reserve Fund created for India.
3607:
Gaikwad of Baroda dethroned for misgovernment; dominions passed to
3522:
3224:
2857:
2651:
2221:
1976:, to worry about the "risks involved in denuding India of troops".
1613:
1474:
963:
785:
769:
254:
145:
19099:
Britain and Indian Nationalism: The Imprint of Ambiguity 1929–1942
17083:
Carpenter, Joel; Glanzer, Perry L.; Lantinga, Nicholas S. (2014).
16483:"Raebarali Munshiganj Massacre which reminded of Jallianwala Bagh"
13878:
13681:
John Laird Mair Lawrence, a viceroy of India, by William St. Clair
12986:
12240:
Swadeshi movement: The beginnings of student unrest in South India
6428:
2790:
is two places to Gandhi's right. Foreground, fourth from left, is
2745:
In 1935, after the Round Table Conferences, Parliament passed the
1269:, The Indian Famine Commission report was issued in 1880, and the
25670:
25665:
25018:
24973:
24948:
24502:
24211:
23829:
23782:
23721:
23645:
23599:
23281:
22614:
22574:
22167:
21924:
21883:
20991:
20117:
18940:
Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation, 1918–1968
17058:
Lucyk, Kelsey; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Stahnisch, Frank W. (2017).
13996:. Vol. II. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 463, 470.
13000:"From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947"
11677:"Maldives | History, Points of Interest, Location, & Tourism"
11418:"From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947"
10813:
Making History in Iran: Education, Nationalism, and Print Culture
9214:
8119:
7800:
7673:
7642:
7402:
is commemorated annually on 27 January in the memory of victims.
7306:
7299:
7295:
7276:
6995:
6955:
6659:
6544:
6364:
5940:
raised the issue of India's position: he vehemently attacked the
5912:
5444:
5440:
4939:
4811:
4779:
4695:
4636:
At the turn of the 20th century, British India consisted of eight
4619:
3817:
3748:
3318:
3232:
2570:
2409:
as something "unworthy of England to offer and India to accept".
2381:
2269:
2145:
2116:
2107:
2098:, and Besant's in the rest of the country, but especially in the
1774:
1369:, lawyer, businessman, and president of the sixth session of the
805:
191:
18035:
The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire, 400 pp.
16531:"The Salanga Massacre of 1922: Bangladesh's forgotten bloodbath"
14389:
Tazeen M. Murshid, "Law and Female Autonomy in Colonial India",
14079:
Ahmed, Waqas; Khan, Muhammad Hayat; Ul Haq, Sami (1 June 2022).
13063:
India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy
13022:
11985:
11983:
6548:
5672:
to Britain: despite a major famine that claimed between 6 and 10
1965:, the war led to calls for greater self-government for Indians.
1911:
in 1912 four years before she founded an Indian Home Rule League
1400:) and the attempts to control the vernacular press (e.g. in the
887:, a long coastline, tropical dry forests, arid uplands, and the
25842:
25222:
25100:
25013:
24276:
24176:
23819:
23675:
23291:
22666:
22431:
22209:
21811:
20515:
20107:
19588:
Gendering Colonial India: Reforms, Print, Caste and Communalism
18093:
A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories)
17945:, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. xiii, 280,
15649:
Baines, Jervoise Athelstane; India Census Commissioner (1891).
15648:
14330:, pp. 104–105, 108, "India – Government and Constitution".
12000:
11998:
10517:
9014:
7460:
7259:
thousand British troops and countless Indians died during this
7252:
7127:
6033:
5916:
5777:
5612:
5452:
5448:
5203:
in India with an indigenous nominal Indian ruler, subject to a
4895:
4887:
4851:
4366:
Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II
3944:
as a national gallery of Indian antiquities, art, and history.
3712:
3662:: 5.25 million dead; reduced relief offered at expense of
3228:
2698:
2625:
2566:
2466:
2253:
2237:
2231:
2211:
2191:
2033:
1961:
in Antwerp. Back in India, especially among the leaders of the
1586:
1462:
1324:
1249:
1192:
955:
813:
701:, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British
102:
19020:
The Raj at War: A People's History Of India's Second World War
18363:
Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India
18339:(7th ed.), Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press,
17906:(1932) 660 pp. online edition; also published as vol 5 of the
16434:
15227:
15225:
15223:
15008:"Water in British India: the making of a 'colonial hydrology'"
11156:
11023:
The Rise of English: Global Politics and the Power of Language
6017:
million according to the first census taken in 1881 of India.
4644:
Areas and populations (excluding the dependent Native States)
4280:
Indian Constitutional Round Table Conferences, London, 1930–32
2081:
were founded within the Indian National Congress by Tilak and
25266:
25227:
23557:
22792:
22514:
21986:
19225:
India's War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia
18701:
Ewing, Ann. "Administering India: The Indian Civil Service",
18493:
Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World 1780–1830
17761:, Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 248,
16650:"ANP to honour Hathi Khel massacre victims today - Newspaper"
16551:"The Salanga Massacre of 1922: History needs to be preserved"
15922:
15920:
15918:
15916:
15826:"Census of India 1931. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Imperial tables"
15741:. Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. pp. 37–42.
13561:
13370:
11980:
10520:)" (150,240 persons), and "Others" (1,065 persons) responses.
10274:
7438:
7434:
7131:
6244:
6029:
5810:
5656:
4771:
4735:
4683:
3976:
3663:
3297:), with Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the governor-general; and the
3042:, who had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the
2795:
2394:
2273:
2249:
2103:
2029:
1734:
1654:
boycott movement cut imports of British textiles by 25%. The
1582:
928:
777:
674:
20160:
Malone, David M., C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan, eds.
19171:, vol. III, Oxford University Press, pp. 422–446,
18991:(1986) excerpt and text search, focus on officials in London
18958:
The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine), pp. 475–502
18696:
Anglo-Indian Attitudes: The Mind of the Indian Civil Service
17594:
14303:, pp. 133–34, "India – Currency, Weights and Measures".
11995:
11303:
Sovereignty and the Responsibility to Protect: A New History
10488:
1881 census: Includes all "Tribal" (6,426,511 persons) and "
10265:
of The British Crown exercised through the Viceroy of India)
7351:
6488:
3717:
Famine Code promulgated in 1883 by the Government of India.
2983:
While the regular Indian army in 1939 included about 220,000
2312:, the secretary of state for India, whose report led to the
1617:("buy Indian") campaign led by two-time Congress president,
982:
The British Raj and surrounding countries are shown in 1909.
946:. These coastal regions were temporarily administered under
27:
British colonial rule on the Indian subcontinent (1858–1947)
28020:
24983:
23824:
23814:
23804:
23787:
22343:
18537:
Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century
18233:(1936) covers Raj 1910–35 pp. 80–84, 282–291, 455–464
17232:
17230:
17228:
15737:
Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911).
15220:
14830:
ed, Roy Macleod and Deepak Kumar (London: Sage, 1995), 203.
14609:
13832:. Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1909. p. 449.
10815:, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 24–25,
9675:
3837:
1832:
1914–1918: First World War, Lucknow Pact, Home Rule leagues
1631:
1156:
175:
19184:
Moore, Robin J. "India in the 1940s", in Robin Winks, ed.
18615:
Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932–1947
15980:
15968:
15932:
15913:
15877:
15685:. The story of nations. G. P. Putnam's sons. p. 355.
15275:
15273:
15271:
14951:
14866:
14318:, pp. 106–107, "India – Government and Constitution".
14291:, pp. 103–105, "India – Government and Constitution".
14130:"Art and Politics: British Patronage in Delhi (1803–1857)"
13307:
12774:
12772:
12718:
The Amritsar Massacre: The Untold Story of One Fateful Day
10360:
1872 census: Includes all "Hindu" (187,937,450 persons), "
3723:. Creation of indigenous schools, especially for Muslims.
3700:
Repeal of Vernacular Press Act of 1878. Compromise on the
3266:
exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, and the
2350:, that the war would likely last longer, the new viceroy,
1773:, who hosted the League's first meeting in his mansion in
1624:
The rallying cry for both types of protest was the slogan
729:, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British
677:
19949:
Writing India, 1757–1990: The Literature of British India
18007:
17930:(6 vol 1914) online vol 2 on Asia pp. 1–328 on India
16181:. Smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk. 18 July 2006. Archived from
15853:
14890:. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 690.
14538:"Tata, Jamshed Nasarwanji [Jamsetji] (1839–1904)"
14405:
A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present
13697:
13382:
13187:
Durbar: Journal of the Indian Military Historical Society
12428:
12056:
11523:
A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present
11436:
10623:
10621:
7547:, established in 1857, is one of the three oldest modern
7215:
India experienced some of the worst famines ever recorded
6368:
6024:
million, and the three cities with populations over eight
5451:, required the final assent of the secretary of state in
5277:
made changes in the governance of India at three levels:
4016:
million in British India. About 170,000 are Europeans. 15
2975:
2650:
public garden in the predominantly Sikh northern city of
2449:
comprised four British and two Indian members, including
876:
121:
The British Raj in relation to the British Empire in 1909
20179:
19208:
Oxford History of the British Empire: Nineteenth Century
18468:
Forgotten Wars: Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia
17225:
17082:
16280:"Smallpox – some unknown heroes in smallpox eradication"
16016:
14740:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 751.
14391:
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh: Humanities
13641:
Vishnu's crowded temple: India since the Great Rebellion
13348:
13346:
12385:
11499:
The Geography of British India, Political & Physical
11452:, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, p. xxx,
10593:. Calcutta: Manomohan Library. pp. 27, 55, 59, 144.
7737:
sees this not just in the Congress party but also among
7510:
presented his Whiggish interpretation of English history
6826:
5546:
nominated), while the Legislative Assembly comprised 141
4536:
2908:
With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the viceroy,
2701:, the Indian National Congress, under the presidency of
2694:, brought Gandhi back into the fold of active politics.
2287:
1449:
Social reform was in the air by the 1880s. For example,
999:
1858–1868: rebellion aftermath, critiques, and responses
19844:. Routledge reprint of 1930 first edition. p. 11.
19016:
India At War: The Subcontinent and the Second World War
18715:
The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire
17682:"'The Revenge of Plassey': Football in the British Raj"
17283:
Zinkin, Maurice (October 1995). "Legacies of the Raj".
16004:
15789:
15268:
14719:
14717:
13745:
Briton Martin, Jr. "The Viceroyalty of Lord Dufferin",
12882:
12769:
11489:
11389:
Bowen, H. V.; Mancke, Elizabeth; Reid, John G. (2012),
11115:(3 ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 393,
7672:, began doing missionary work in the Indian Empire. In
5273:(usually called the Indian Mutiny by the British), the
4618:) by the central government of British India under the
4277:
Appointment of Royal Commission of Indian Labour, 1929
3344:
Timeline of major events, legislation, and public works
717:. The region under British control was commonly called
19574:
The Economic History of India under early British Rule
17829:
Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy
17057:
16624:"In remembrance: ANP chief commemorates 1930 massacre"
15992:
15592:"Memorandum on the census of British India of 1871-72"
14789:
Hurd, John (2001). "Railways". In Kerr, Ian J. (ed.).
14768:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 83–85.
13758:
13358:
13285:
13283:
13151:
India's partition: the story of imperialism in retreat
11584:, 1926, Chapter X:Transition to British administration
10832:
10618:
10334:
Seated l. to r. are: Jiddhu Krisnamurthi, Besant, and
10307:
English was the language of the courts and government.
6902:
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule
6869:
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule
6837:
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule
2932:, and influential regional Muslim politicians such as
27069:
Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)
23397:
22530:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
20192:
18998:
The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan
18534:
18433:
Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945
18146:, Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. pp. xvi, 163,
18037:, Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press.,
17918:
The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj
17779:
The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781-1997
17106:
17104:
17076:
16948:. Bennett, Coleman & Company. 1940. p. 455.
15709:"Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables"
15068:
The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj
14345:, p. 108, "India – Government and Constitution".
13427:
13343:
11769:
Africa and the Victorians: The Climax of Imperialism.
11767:
Robinson, Ronald Edward, & John Gallagher. 1968.
11058:
10604:
Nehru, Jawaharlal (1960). Narasimhaiah, C. D. (ed.).
6188:
5704:
Britain, India's most significant industrial sector,
5576:
district magistrate, collector or deputy commissioner
3164:
2521:
1919–1939: Jallianwala, non-cooperation, GOI Act 1935
2205:
Also, during his time in South Africa, in his essay,
686:
19186:
Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography
18634:
Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917–1947
17963:(5 vol 1999–2001), with numerous articles on the Raj
17737:
From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India
17356:
Hodges, Amy; Seawright, Leslie (26 September 2014).
16308:. Grantmedicalcollege-jjhospital.org. Archived from
15901:
15889:
15768:"Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables"
14930:
14714:
14535:
Brown, F. H.; Tomlinson, B. R. (23 September 2004).
13782:. Office of the Supdt. of Government Print. p.
13527:, p. 106 Quote: By the end of 1945, he and the
10669:
10106:
2244:
Gandhi made his political debut in India in 1917 in
2194:
or "non-violence", which formed the underpinning of
671:
226:• 1858–1876 (Queen); 1876–1901 (Queen-Empress)
20237:(1908) business history, biographies, illustrations
20162:
The Oxford handbook of Indian foreign policy (2015)
19302:
The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence
18744:
Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan
15956:
14838:
14836:
14793:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 149.
13809:
13701:
A life of the Earl of Mayo, fourth viceroy of India
13331:
13319:
13280:
12894:
11291:
11269:
Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War
10904:
Indian Society and the making of the British Empire
10704:
4507:of the British Parliament enacted on 18 July 1947.
4081:
Appointment of Indian Factories Commission in 1909.
3920:
Return of the bubonic plague, 1 million deaths
3668:Creation of Famine Commission of 1878–80 under Sir
1327:, December 28, 1885. Third row (middle) (l. to r.)
1281:
1880s–1890s: middle class, Indian National Congress
696:
89:Political subdivisions of the British Raj in 1909.
26917:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators
19578:The Economic History of India in the Victorian Age
18705:, June 1982, 32#6 pp. 43–48, covers 1858–1947
18199:
17101:
17051:
17022:
15233:"Britain in India, Ideology and Economics to 1900"
14817:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 96.
14536:
13775:
13720:
13486:
11647:"Sikkim | History, Map, Capital, & Population"
11449:Constitutional relations between Britain and India
11075:, Oxford University Press, pp. 213–227, 222,
10895:
10775:
7745:, which specifically emphasises Hindu traditions.
7298:, finally proved in 1898 that mosquitoes transmit
5684:With the end of the state-granted monopoly of the
5578:; in 1947, British India comprised 230 districts.
3985:Reorganisation of Indian Universities Act (1904).
3928:Department (now Ministry) of Commerce and Industry
3787:Strengthening of NW Frontier defence. Creation of
3223:in Bombay in February 1946, followed by others in
2609:, collecting clothes to be burnt as a part of the
1662:1870s–1906: Muslim social movements, Muslim League
970:from 1887 to 1965, but not part of British India.
764:). It lasted until 1947, when the British Raj was
28458:Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia
20010:21.2 (2020), pp. 1–26, focus on C.A. Bayly,
18535:Brown, Judith M.; Louis, Wm. Roger, eds. (2001),
18392:, Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. xiii, 374,
17914:The British in India: A Social History of the Raj
17158:
16968:
16855:
16853:
15390:"Did the British loot India? - History Reclaimed"
14689:
14062:
14060:
13394:
12997:
12623:
12621:
12619:
12617:
12615:
12613:
12611:
12609:
12607:
12594:
12592:
12590:
12588:
12586:
12584:
12582:
12580:
12542:
12540:
12538:
12536:
12523:
12521:
12519:
12517:
12483:
12481:
12479:
12466:
12464:
12462:
12412:
12410:
12408:
12406:
12404:
12402:
7433:on 24 August 1930 at the Spin Tangi village near
4577:adopted the following definitions in Section 18:
2430:, the British judge under whose chairmanship the
2346:, and the realisation, after the disaster in the
28429:
20301:
18357:(4 vol. 2005) comprehensive coverage by scholars
18249:, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. pp. 298,
18164:(2006) excerpt and text search, covers 1599–1947
17959:Louis, William Roger, and Judith M. Brown, eds.
17882:, Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. pp. 160,
17029:Frykenberg, Robert Eric; Low, Alaine M. (2003).
14833:
14652:
13718:
13652:
13484:
13112:
12345:
10983:Hirst, Jacqueline Suthren; Zavros, John (2011),
7660:began arriving in India in 1783 and established
7612:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
7531:empire, would be subject to mounting scepticism.
5957:, which killed a third of the people of Bengal.
4301:New Delhi inaugurated as capital of India, 1931.
4004:Census of 1901 gives the total population at 294
3097:(centre-left) on their way to meet the viceroy,
2683:, the movement revived again, in the mid-1920s.
2159:Gandhi at the time of the Kheda Satyagraha, 1918
1945:took part in the war, primarily in Iraq and the
1477:festivals that he inaugurated in western India.
19565:Chaudhuri, Nupur. "Imperialism and Gender." in
17802:Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy
17355:
17218:Joshua Ehrlich, "Anxiety, Chaos, and the Raj."
17129:
16674:Civilian Jihad: Non-violent Struggle, Democrat
16575:"An almost forgotten part of our glorious past"
16040:
15739:"Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables"
15672:
14632:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–66.
14078:
13444:
13442:
13295:
13146:
12671:
12669:
12667:
11388:
11073:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Education
10974:
10940:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2005.
10713:"Colonial Knowledge and the Fate of Hindustani"
7785:the English language, and also the adoption of
7271:, who mainly worked in India, became the first
5702:less expensive imports from more industrialized
3991:with Indian Ancient Monument Preservation Act.
3863:(from Presidency System to the four Commands).
3572:Major extension of railways, roads, and canals
2573:, on 21 September 1921, Gandhi had adopted the
2457:, the present and future Chief Justices of the
2362:population could vote in future elections, the
1679:, the viceroy who replaced Curzon in 1906. The
1074:An 1887 souvenir portrait of Queen Victoria as
709:, lasting from 1858 to 1947. It is also called
19501:
18325:(1934) 690 pages; scholarly survey, 1599–1933
18083:
17062:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 237.
16850:
16549:Kabir Topu, Ahmed Humayun (19 February 2021).
16440:
16359:The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer
15488:
14534:
14233:
14057:
13693:
13691:
13555:
13289:
12922:Journal of the Canadian Historical Association
12604:
12577:
12552:
12533:
12514:
12476:
12459:
12431:"Olympic Games Antwerp. 1920: Official Report"
12399:
12052:
12050:
12004:
11989:
11575:
11171:, London and New York: Routledge, p. 68,
11071:, in Rury, John L.; Tamura, Eileen H. (eds.),
10843:, Leiden and Boston: BRILL, pp. 253–254,
10607:India's Spokesman: From Speeches and Addresses
10205:Star of India flag used during the British Raj
7732:and the Orientalists promoted Sanskrit, while
6062:Religious groups in British India (1872−1941)
3429:(contemporaneously and hereafter Indian Army)
2734:In local terms, British control rested on the
2122:
923:were theoretically princely states as well as
756:was transferred to the Crown in the person of
28473:States and territories disestablished in 1947
25858:
25181:
23573:
23057:
21730:
20287:
19837:
19702:... 3rd ed. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar & Sons.
19081:Science and the Raj: A Study of British India
19022:(2015) a major, comprehensive scholarly study
18970:, vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909
18956:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1907),
18888:
18746:. University of California Press. 258 pages.
17935:Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India
17849:Advanced Study in the History of Modern India
17734:
17493:Love, Adam; Dzikus, Lars (26 February 2020).
17110:
17028:
16975:Abraham, William J.; Kirby, James E. (2009).
16821:
16510:
16508:
16355:
15796:United States Department of Commerce (1924).
15111:. Columbia University Press. pp. 25–28.
14903:
14695:
14217:
14215:
14213:
14211:
13646:
13376:
13301:
12765:. Vol. 13, no. 10. pp. 666–76.
12761:Bond, Brian (October 1963). "Amritsar 1919".
12504:
12502:
12500:
12498:
12496:
12270:
11554:
10841:Tracing the Boundaries between Hindi and Urdu
10088:
8047:
7769:The British colonisation of India influenced
7728:proposed to deal directly with the peasants.
7594:of the Bishop of Calcutta, who served as the
5930:
1638:never went beyond the law when he edited the
891:. In addition, at various times, it included
465:4,993,650 km (1,928,060 sq mi)
23492:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
23475:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
23353:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
20050:(1999), vol. 5 in William Roger Louis, eds.
19831:
19750:European Women and the Second British Empire
19595:Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience
19386:Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal, eds. (1999),
18590:
18323:Rise and Fulfilment of British Rule in India
18017:The History and Culture of the Indian People
17720:Allan, J., T. Wolseley Haig, H. H. Dodwell.
17198:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 231.
17164:
16974:
16770:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
16336:Lahore Civil and Military Gazette Press 1921
15492:(19 April 1943). "The population of India".
15331:"How Britain stole $ 45 trillion from India"
14547:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
13769:
13677:
13439:
12664:
12395:. Calcutta: Govt of India. 1923. p. 74.
12326:
12324:
12322:
12297:
12295:
12293:
12291:
11930:
11928:
11834:
11306:, University of Chicago Press, p. 120,
10865:
10863:
7309:patients. The central government passed the
5716:was even more extensive during this period.
3586:Assassination of Lord Mayo in the Andamans.
3101:, on 13 October 1939, after the outbreak of
2892:Subhas Chandra Bose (second from left) with
1683:of 1909 allowed separate Muslim electorates.
800:was added in 1886, and the resulting union,
20201:(1863), ed. by John Murdoch online edition
20008:Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History
19607:, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press,
19385:
18461:
18426:
17530:Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India
17332:"The unifying power of South Asian cricket"
17187:
17087:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 103.
16594:"Peshawar: Qissa Khwani martyrs remembered"
16349:
16179:"Other histories of smallpox in South Asia"
16095:Infectious Diseases: Plague Through History
16076:The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State
16052:
15847:
15818:
15760:
15730:
15701:
15642:
15613:
15583:
15005:
14969:
14407:. Cambridge University Press. p. 267.
13762:The life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava
13688:
13606:Nationalarchives.gov.uk Classroom Resources
13388:
12688:
12686:
12684:
12654:
12652:
12650:
12648:
12118:Historical Dictionary of the British Empire
12047:
11970:
11968:
11966:
11704:
11702:
11525:. Cambridge University Press. p. 247.
11520:
11395:, Cambridge University Press, p. 106,
10799:assert itself that Hindi came into its own.
10786:. A & C Black Publishers. p. 248.
10630:
10347:The only other emperor during this period,
5736:The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5482:External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations
5315:(1874–1878; later British prime minister),
5295:In London, it provided for a cabinet-level
4632:Presidencies and provinces of British India
4606:the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire
4543:Presidencies and provinces of British India
3791:consisting of regiments contributed by the
3566:Creation of Department of Agriculture (now
2719:, which included Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, and
1941:million Indian and British soldiers of the
925:presidencies and provinces of British India
36:Presidencies and provinces of British India
28478:States and territories established in 1858
28453:Bangladesh and the Commonwealth of Nations
25865:
25851:
25188:
25174:
23580:
23566:
23064:
23050:
21737:
21723:
20802:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
20294:
20280:
19755:
19639:
19600:
19529:
19312:The History of British India: A Chronology
18708:
18562:
18162:The history of British India: a chronology
18113:The British Conquest and Dominion of India
18026:(2010), a concise historical encyclopaedia
17926:Herbertson, A.J. and O.J.R. Howarth. eds.
17804:, Oxford University Press. pp. xiii, 474,
17492:
16911:
16882:
16548:
16505:
16159:Leprosy – Medical History of British India
16028:
15986:
15974:
15938:
15926:
15883:
15459:(Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation 2010)
15413:"Glimpses of Indian Historical Demography"
14475:
14208:
14032:
14030:
14017:
14015:
13820:
13712:
13478:
13240:The history of British India: a chronology
13184:
12572:India's Bismarck, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
12493:
12341:
12339:
12183:Moore, "Imperial India, 1858–1914", p. 435
10717:Comparative Studies in Society and History
10095:
10081:
8054:
8040:
4600:and Prorogation Speeches. In addition, an
4590:the rule of the British East India Company
4303:Indian Workmen's Compensation Act of 1933
3551:annexed and incorporated into India 1869"
2834:
2646:or "Amritsar massacre", took place in the
2455:Diwan Bahadur Sir C. V. Kumaraswami Sastri
2209:, (1909), Gandhi formulated his vision of
1800:was the secretary of state for India, and
1304:(1829–1912), who proposed the idea of the
115:
83:
27079:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)
26959:Fundamental rights, principles and duties
20079:
20017:
19882:
19804:Indian Economic and Social History Review
19801:
19783:
19682:
19425:
19420:(4, 1918–19: From War to Peace): 89–107,
19128:The Aftermath of Revolt: India, 1857–1870
18872:
18612:
18223:(3rd ed.) the Raj section was written by
18118:
18051:
17818:
17135:
16859:
16570:
16568:
16255:
15951:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907
15548:Indian Economic and Social History Review
15428:
15166:
15026:
14627:
14583:Indian Economic and Social History Review
14427:
14342:
14327:
14315:
14300:
14288:
14096:
14066:
13407:, Harvard University Press, p. 320,
12778:
12319:
12288:
12264:
12196:Indian Economic and Social History Review
12104:
11934:
11925:
11915:
11904:
10986:Religious Traditions in Modern South Asia
10938:The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
10860:
7352:Massacres of Indian civilians by the army
3159:in North Africa in November/December 1941
2654:. After days of unrest Brigadier-General
2412:
2219:from Indian society; and the exercise of
1621:, and involved boycott of British goods.
942:) was ceded to Britain in 1802 under the
843:. India was a participating state in the
28468:Pakistan and the Commonwealth of Nations
27021:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
22536:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
20052:The Oxford History of the British Empire
19980:Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon
19567:Encyclopedia of European Social History,
19524:A New Economic History of Colonial India
19371:, Cambridge University Press. pp. 272.,
19282:
18916:
18812:The Viceroyalty of Lord Ripon, 1880–1884
18029:
17961:The Oxford History of the British Empire
17384:"How India changed the English language"
17171:Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture
17138:The Future of Christian Mission in India
17111:Crane, Ralph; Mohanram, Radhika (2013).
17003:
16977:The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies
16936:
16862:The Future of Christian Mission in India
16827:
16695:
16401:Mariners, Merchants and the Military Too
15799:Trade and Economic Review for 1922 No.34
15457:Glimpses of Indian Historical Demography
15410:
15263:The Oxford History of the British Empire
15190:
14957:
14872:
14813:Barbara D Metcalf and Thomas R Metcalf,
14754:
14615:
14439:
14052:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909
14037:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909
14022:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909
13723:The viceroyalty of Lord Ripon, 1880–1884
13704:. Smith, Elder, & Company. pp.
13518:
12681:
12645:
12633:
12086:
11963:
11699:
11442:
11245:, Oxford University Press, p. 537,
11147:Britain becomes paramount power ... 1818
11026:, Oxford University Press, p. 236,
10838:
10710:
7752:
7582:
7538:
7492:
7386:on 27 January 1922 in Salanga bazaar in
7235:
5996:
5893:
5767:
5759:
5751:
5650:
5585:
5372:
5349:
5245:
4257:Indian Workers Compensation Act of 1923
3480:Indian Police Act 1861: creation of the
3410:Major events, legislation, public works
3327:
3210:
3202:
3178:
2899:
2887:
2856:
2479:
2422:
2154:
2136:
1352:Poverty and the Un-British Rule in India
1157:1858–1880: railways, canals, Famine Code
1107:
1095:
1083:
28448:1947 disestablishments in British India
28120:
26023:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
20213:(2nd ed.). 1893. pp. 375–462.
20183:Responsible government in the dominions
19705:
19604:The Cambridge Economic History of India
19457:
19287:, Cambridge University Press. pp. 324,
19248:, BiblioBazaar, LLC, pp. 263–281,
19153:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 256,
19143:
19122:
19101:, Cambridge University Press. pp. 374,
18631:
18617:, Cambridge University Press. pp. 323,
18413:, Cambridge University Press. pp. 426,
18360:
18331:
18295:(2nd ed.), John Wiley & Sons,
17928:The Oxford Survey of the British Empire
17908:Cambridge History of the British Empire
17877:
17845:
17775:
17115:. Oxford University Press. p. 86.
16997:
16718:
16451:
16449:
15319:ed. by P. J. Marshall, pp. 487–507
15061:
14760:
14738:The Cambridge Economic History of India
14544:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
14530:
14528:
14045:
14027:
14012:
13909:Secretary of State for India-in-Council
13798:High Noon of Empire: India under Curzon
13364:
13122:. Brookings Institution Press. p.
12912:
12888:
12833:
12639:
12336:
12282:
12172:High Noon of Empire: India under Curzon
12057:Majumdar, Raychaudhuri & Datta 1950
12016:
11272:, Oxford University Press, p. 61,
10810:
10540:
7799:early on, but then largely replaced by
7255:, then spread across India by 1820. Ten
3820:and subsequent reinstatement of ruler.
3605:prevented by import of rice from Burma.
3215:Percentage of Muslims by district, 1909
3074:, beginning the successful part of the
2513:. Even so, when it was passed, the new
2148:in 1916 after his return to India from
1573:, into the Muslim-majority province of
1423:political philosophers, especially the
446:took effect Midnight, 14–15 August 1947
14:
28430:
27309:Securities and Exchange Board of India
26416:National Geological Monuments of India
25195:
23615:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
23521:Historical flags of the British Empire
23505:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
19982:(1961), reviews the older scholarship.
19786:The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970
19621:from the original on 23 September 2023
19601:Kumar, Dharma; Desai, Meghnad (1983),
19411:
19366:
19227:(2016). wide-ranging scholarly survey
19205:
19166:
19061:
18731:from the original on 23 September 2023
18512:from the original on 23 September 2023
18194:
18072:from the original on 22 September 2023
17989:
17866:from the original on 23 September 2023
17722:The Cambridge Shorter History of India
17522:
17520:
17282:
17193:
17035:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
17008:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 400.
16952:from the original on 23 September 2023
16922:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 177.
16802:
16565:
16387:. New Delhi: Morning Star. p. 71.
16229:
16058:Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom.
16022:
15856:"Census of India, 1941. Vol. 1, India"
15678:
15043:from the original on 23 September 2023
14899:
14897:
14354:
14221:
14190:
14178:
14127:
13972:from the original on 23 September 2023
13551:
12951:from the original on 15 September 2018
12790:
12704:
12330:
12301:
12192:
12145:
12131:Pandita Ramabai: the story of her life
11320:from the original on 23 September 2023
11222:from the original on 23 September 2023
11185:from the original on 23 September 2023
11089:from the original on 23 September 2023
11040:from the original on 23 September 2023
11003:from the original on 23 September 2023
7240:Child who starved to death during the
5748:Rail transport in India § History
5638:Economy of India under the British Raj
5230:The princely states were grouped into
4343:Secretary of State for India and Burma
4012:million in the princely states and 232
3535:Creation of Department of Irrigation.
3332:Muslim refugees in the Tomb of Humayun
3207:Percentage of Hindus by district, 1909
2968:, stating at Lahore on 23 March 1940:
2624:Staff and students, National College,
2016:administration of their own country."
1016:, one of the principal leaders of the
870:
737:. The region was sometimes called the
28463:India and the Commonwealth of Nations
28119:
27233:
27109:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)
27074:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
26815:
26367:
25882:
25846:
25169:
23845:
23561:
23396:
23308:
23045:
22554:
22226:
21901:
21794:
21718:
20275:
19985:
19956:Sydney Studies in Society and Culture
19951:(1996) on fiction written in English.
19911:
19861:
19337:
19191:
19090:(1903) excerpt and text search 128 pp
19066:, BiblioBazaar, LLC, pp. 13–14,
19025:
18974:
18847:
18826:
18808:
18774:
18671:
18505:Some Aspects of British Rule in India
18405:
18387:
18380:
18285:
18263:
18239:
18141:
17992:India And South Asia: A Short History
17796:
17753:
17505:from the original on 31 December 2022
17196:A Short World History of Christianity
16917:
16888:
16397:
16382:
16207:. Vigyanprasar.gov.in. Archived from
16046:
16034:
15962:
15907:
15895:
15545:
15178:
15134:Commonwealth and Comparative Politics
15131:
15091:
14936:
14782:
14723:
14510:
14402:
14273:
14269:
14257:
14245:
14202:
14160:from the original on 17 November 2022
13951:
13931:
13836:from the original on 24 February 2021
13573:British Library: Help for Researchers
13543:
13433:
13313:
13251:
13033:"India and Pakistan win independence"
12729:
12692:
12675:
12658:
12627:
12598:
12558:
12546:
12527:
12508:
12487:
12470:
12416:
12393:India's contribution to the Great War
12313:
12116:James S. Olson and Robert S. Shadle,
12092:
12041:
11974:
11957:
11945:
11919:
11900:
11852:
11840:
11828:
11816:
11804:
11732:
11720:
11708:
11495:
11362:, Duke University Press, p. 71,
10901:
10804:
10781:
10603:
10261:governed by Indian rulers, under the
10251:Viceroy and Governor-General of India
7710:
6910:
6827:Famines, epidemics, and public health
5485:Home and Information and Broadcasting
5281:in the imperial government in London,
4537:British India and the princely states
4443:World War II: Burma Campaign, 1943–45
4129:Construction of New Delhi, 1912–1929
3243:, who had visited four years before.
2288:1916–1919: Montagu–Chelmsford reforms
2178:(or Striving for Truth). For Gandhi,
2163:The year 1915 also saw the return of
2057:(UP), most prominently, two brothers
1861:, the first Indian to be awarded the
1796:, known as the Morley-Minto Reforms (
934:Among other countries in the region,
907:(briefly from 1884 to 1898), and the
810:Chief Commissioner's Province of Aden
796:was already a part of British India;
28443:1858 establishments in British India
19970:Journal of Asian and African Studies
19671:The Journal of Economic Perspectives
19390:, Oxford University Press. pp. 420,
19261:
19210:, Oxford University Press. pp. 800,
19169:Oxford History of the British Empire
18994:
18937:
18539:, Oxford University Press. pp. 800,
18498:
18321:Thompson, Edward, and G.T. Garratt.
18174:
18055:A History of Modern India, 1480–1950
17940:
17782:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
17692:from the original on 8 February 2023
17006:T&T Clark Companion to Methodism
16830:Historical Dictionary of Anglicanism
16767:
16689:
16539:(Dhaka, Bangladesh), 25 January 2019
16521:(Dhaka, Bangladesh), 27 January 2009
16446:
15998:
15526:
15477:The Population of India and Pakistan
15198:. OECD Publishing. pp. 111–14.
15103:
14788:
14735:
14580:
14525:
13871:
13524:
13493:. Harvard University Press. p.
13472:
13460:
13448:
13400:
13100:
12760:
12379:
12019:Famine: As a Geographical Phenomenon
11687:from the original on 2 December 2022
11561:. Cosmo Publications. p. 1599.
11145:British victory at Plassey ... 1757
10869:
10586:
10561:
10184:Historiography of the British Empire
7608:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
7590:was built in 1847 and served as the
7445:: 80 non-violent Khudai Khidmatgar
7365:on 13 April 1919, Brigadier General
7317:a program was launched to propagate
6916:
6913:
6846:
5620:, prostitutes, lepers, and eunuchs.
4354:Indian Provincial Elections of 1937
4339:Indian Payment of Wages Act of 1936
4087:in 1910 (now Ministry of Education)
3151:Indian Army troops in action during
2577:in identification with India's poor.
1058:, wrote one of the early critiques,
27104:National Investigation Agency (NIA)
27026:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
26715:Autonomous administrative divisions
23332:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
22175:. British Cameroons is now part of
20173:, wide-ranging survey of conditions
19668:
19240:
19093:
18803:Viceroyalty of Lord Irwin 1926–1931
18650:
18144:India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885
17966:
17729:History of Indian National Congress
17662:from the original on 4 January 2023
17624:from the original on 4 January 2023
17614:"Beating British at their own game"
17565:from the original on 4 January 2023
17526:
17517:
17474:from the original on 4 January 2023
17444:from the original on 4 January 2023
16834:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
16721:"The Crisis of Liberal Imperialism"
16475:
16286:from the original on 9 January 2015
16168:, National Library of Scotland 2007
16010:
15479:(Princeton University Press, 1951).
15243:from the original on 7 October 2014
14894:
14698:Indian Railways: Glorious 150 years
13885:from the original on 25 August 2014
13608:. National Archives. Archived from
13579:from the original on 11 August 2018
13352:
13337:
13325:
13203:
12900:
12876:
11350:Indian subcontinent by the British.
10590:History of the Royal Visit to India
7449:protesters were killed by the Army.
7375:on 7 January 1921 at Munshiganj in
6833:Famine in India § British rule
5616:included those reputed to practice
4952:National Capital Territory of Delhi
3000:missing (probably dead), and 60,000
2686:The visit, in 1928, of the British
1078:, 30 years after the Great Uprising
24:
27094:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)
23610:List of current sovereign monarchs
22191:unilaterally declared independence
21886:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802
20193:Year books and statistical records
20101:
17776:Brendon, Piers (28 October 2008).
17269:The New Cambridge History of India
17248:from the original on 8 August 2014
16700:. Hindustan Times. Hindustan Times
16385:Total History & Civics 10 ICSE
16140:from the original on 29 April 2012
15854:India Census Commissioner (1941).
15328:
15297:from the original on 8 August 2014
14490:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1981.tb02016.x
14393:, (June 2002), 47#1 pp. 25–42
13698:Sir William Wilson Hunter (1876).
12998:Dr Chandrika Kaul (3 March 2011).
12429:Belgium Olympic Committee (1957).
11657:from the original on 1 August 2017
11069:"National Education Systems: Asia"
10989:, London and New York: Routledge,
10194:List of governors-general of India
7763:major unifying force in South Asia
7748:
7572:
7305:In 1881 there were around 120,000
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6101:
5646:
5227:for its support to the rebellion.
5188:
5013:
4625:
4494:21 February 1947 –
4092:23 November 1910 –
4057:18 November 1905 –
3777:10 December 1888 –
3730:13 December 1884 –
3165:1946–1947: Independence, Partition
3061:puppet and provisional governments
2924:in Lahore, the League passed the "
2601:Hindus and Muslims, with flags of
2531:Non-cooperation movement (1909–22)
1881:Indian medical orderlies with the
1427:assembled in Bombay — founded the
1020:, who had lost her kingdom by the
827:, it was a founding member of the
133:(comprising British India and the
25:
28494:
27289:Ministry of Commerce and Industry
27031:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
26316:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)
23398:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
23377:Occupied by Argentina during the
23309:
22555:
20180:Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1912).
20154:(Oxford University Press, 2005).
19510:The economic development of India
19406:Respected Memsahibs: an Anthology
19300:Read, Anthony, and David Fisher;
18769:British Policy in India 1858–1905
18450:from the original on 12 July 2023
18309:from the original on 12 July 2023
18019:) Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
17362:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
16893:. Canterbury Press. p. 197.
16696:Newsfact, India (20 April 2021).
16429:India's Struggle for Independence
15437:from the original on 2 April 2015
14906:"The great Indian Railway bazaar"
13602:"The Road to Partition 1939–1947"
13082:from the original on 15 July 2019
13010:from the original on 17 June 2016
11882:from the original on 4 March 2012
11424:from the original on 17 June 2016
11359:The Intimacies of Four Continents
10759:from the original on 8 April 2023
7635:Church of India, Burma and Ceylon
7600:Church of India, Burma and Ceylon
6843:Category:Famines in British India
5856:India provides an example of the
5467:
5255:President of the Board of Control
4272:Indian Trade Unions Act of 1926,
3947:Coronation Durbar in Delhi (1903)
3849:11 October 1894 –
3556:12 January 1869 –
3512:12 January 1864 –
3415:1 November 1858 –
2956:(popularly, "red shirts") in the
2751:Constitution of independent India
1516:, 1899–1905, who partitioned the
1130:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
1056:Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
725:, which were collectively called
25872:
25324:
24128:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
23541:
23532:
23531:
22944:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
20496:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
20229:(London, 1906) full text online,
20135:
20126:
20116:
20106:
20073:
20064:Young, Richard Fox, ed. (2009).
20000:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00617.x
19876:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00564.x
19642:Victorian Literature and Culture
19470:from the original on 7 June 2008
19201:, Delhi: Oxford University Press
17739:, Orient Longman. pp. xx, 548.,
17674:
17636:
17606:
17577:
17547:
17527:Sen, Ronojoy (27 October 2015).
17486:
17456:
17426:
17401:
17376:
17349:
17324:
17311:
17276:
17260:
17212:
16808:
16796:
16761:
16712:
16680:
16668:
16642:
16616:
16586:
16542:
16524:
16418:
16391:
16376:
16324:
16298:
16272:
16223:
16197:
16171:
16152:
16126:
16107:
16088:
16069:
15806:from the original on 13 May 2023
15574:
15539:
15520:
15482:
15469:
15449:
15404:
15382:
15349:
15322:
15309:
15255:
15184:
15172:
15160:
15125:
15097:
15085:
15055:
15037:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2006.00336.x
14998:
14972:The Journal of Transport History
14963:
14942:
14878:
14820:
14807:
14729:
14646:
14621:
14574:
14516:
14504:
14469:
14447:. OECD Publishing. p. 638.
14433:
14421:
14396:
14383:
14348:
14263:
14251:
14239:
14227:
14196:
14184:
14172:
14121:
14072:
13984:
13897:
13848:
13803:
13790:
13752:
13739:
13671:
13633:
13624:
13594:
13537:
13466:
13454:
13245:
13232:
13197:
13173:
13140:
13106:
13094:
13068:
13055:
13043:from the original on 5 July 2014
12968:
12906:
12870:
12827:
12784:
12754:
11627:from the original on 2 June 2022
11415:
11136:Muslim India: outline chronology
10782:Dalby, Andrew (2004) . "Hindi".
10689:from the original on 24 May 2022
10654:from the original on 24 May 2022
10495:
10482:
10469:
10354:
10341:
10229:Or "Queen," during the reign of
10151:
10137:
10123:
10109:
8076:
7983:British rule in Portuguese India
7830:
7501:, founded by the British in 1867
6851:
6671:
6668:
6662:
6611:
6608:
6547:
6487:
6427:
6367:
6307:
6247:
6187:
5327:(1917–1922; an architect of the
4427:1 October 1943 –
4422:of World War II begins in 1942.
4073:Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907
3895:6 January 1899 –
3772:Queen Victoria's Jubilee, 1887.
3389:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3144:
3132:
3109:
3083:
3015:The British government sent the
2822:
2803:
2775:
2617:
2594:
2582:
2554:
2321:
2302:
1972:, had led the previous viceroy,
1916:
1897:
1883:Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force
1874:
1869:, Punjab (present-day Pakistan).
1851:
1703:
1688:
1669:
1541:
1525:
1502:
1481:1905–1911: Partition of Bengal,
1359:
1344:
1316:
1294:
1223:
1200:
1180:
1164:
1067:
1044:
1028:
1006:
975:
667:
643:
625:
607:
593:
575:
561:
547:
518:
500:
212:Queen/Queen-Empress/King-Emperor
93:is shown in two shades of pink;
69:
26332:History of India (1947–present)
25812:Indian Institutes of Technology
25794:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
25723:South Asian Football Federation
23605:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
20736:Provisional Government of India
20218:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
19784:Tomlinson, Brian Roger (1993),
19522:Chaudhary, Latika, et al. eds.
19414:Journal of Contemporary History
18982:, Cambridge U. Press, 334 pages
18967:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
18833:, Cambridge U. Press. pp. 320,
17899:(Oxford University Press, 1945)
17708:
17165:Bhaṭṭācāryya, Haridāsa (1969).
16600:. 24 April 2008. Archived from
15689:from the original on 8 May 2023
14904:Khan, Shaheed (18 April 2002).
13993:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
13936:. University of Chicago Press.
13829:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
13813:Lord Curzon in India: 1898–1903
13765:. Vol. 2. pp. 72–207.
13759:Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall (1905).
12723:
12710:
12698:
12564:
12422:
12373:
12307:
12276:
12248:
12232:
12223:
12186:
12177:
12164:
12151:
12139:
12123:
12110:
12098:
12062:
12035:
12010:
11951:
11939:
11909:
11894:
11858:
11846:
11822:
11810:
11798:
11761:
11726:
11714:
11669:
11639:
11609:
11587:
11581:
11548:
11539:
11514:
11409:
11382:
10924:
10682:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
10647:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
10328:
10319:
10310:
10301:
10292:
10268:
10201:, the status of princely states
7694:became a popular method to win
7652:came to British India as well;
5791:Great Indian Peninsular Railway
5730:(TISCO), now headed by his son
5581:
5241:
5024:Minor province of British India
4329:18 April 1936 –
4291:18 April 1931 –
4125:Indian High Courts Act of 1911
4036:million Buddhists (in Burma), 3
3740:Passage of Bengal Tenancy Bill
3628:12 April 1876 –
3493:21 March 1862 –
3470:, reorganises customs, imposes
3221:mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy
3049:Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan
3004:captured at Singapore in 1942.
2845:Indian Army during World War II
2569:in September 1921. Earlier, in
1812:came in person and was crowned
1060:The Causes of the Indian Mutiny
919:and the other states under the
790:People's Republic of Bangladesh
27099:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
27051:Special Protection Group (SPG)
27041:Railway Protection Force (RPF)
23587:
23440:Australian Antarctic Territory
22296:since 1965 (before as part of
22293:British Indian Ocean Territory
22179:, while Tanganyika is part of
21810:since 1960 (before as part of
19130:, Riverdale Co. Pub. pp. 352,
19088:Lord Curzon in India 1898–1903
18942:, Cambridge University Press,
18554:Dictionary of Indian Biography
17976:, Cambridge University Press,
17735:Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004),
17167:The Cultural Heritage of India
17004:Yrigoyen, Charles Jr. (2014).
16489:. 3 March 2022. Archived from
16362:. A&C Black. p. 263.
15417:Canadian Studies in Population
13952:Hawes, Christopher J. (1996).
11621:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
11599:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
11555:Subodh Kapoor (January 2002).
11112:A History of Islamic Societies
10874:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
10597:
10580:
10555:
10534:
10492:" (143,581 persons) responses.
10255:
10235:
10223:
8330:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
7346:Government Law College, Mumbai
6904:(including independent states)
5780:, which was completed in 1888.
4262:3 April 1926 –
4242:2 April 1921 –
4172:4 April 1916 –
4052:million who practise animism.
3989:Archaeological Survey of India
3459:Archaeological Survey of India
3450:Upper Doab famine of 1860–1861
2996:killed; 64,000 wounded; 12,000
1840:Indian Army during World War I
1100:Government House, Calcutta by
760:(who, in 1876, was proclaimed
13:
1:
28483:Empires and kingdoms of India
28194:Engineering colleges in India
27823:Electronics and semiconductor
27036:National Security Guard (NSG)
26780:World Heritage Sites in India
26368:
20140:The dictionary definition of
20134:travel guide from Wikivoyage
19972:56.3 (2021): 511–532. online.
19452:India in The Second World War
19340:Economic and Political Weekly
18778:Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography
18121:"India: Movement for Freedom"
17533:. Columbia University Press.
17321:(Westview Press, 1994), p. 14
17317:Y. K. Malik and V. B. Singh,
17194:Mullin, Robert Bruce (2014).
17136:Kanjamala, Augustine (2014).
16860:Kanjamala, Augustine (2014).
16533:, by Shahnawaz Khan Chandan,
15196:The World Economy Volumes 1–2
14445:The World Economy Volumes 1–2
14098:10.51665/al-duhaa.003.01.0186
13489:Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography
11242:A Dictionary of World History
11067:Vanderven, Elizabeth (2019),
10549:Archibald Constable & Co.
10527:
10189:Legislatures of British India
9260:
8999:
8972:
8871:
8850:
8773:
8712:
8641:
8624:
8607:
8590:
8573:
8552:
8467:
8450:
8204:
7930:Portuguese East India Company
7637:(CIBC) was erected, with its
7373:Munshiganj Raebareli massacre
5974:
5864:
5443:or by the provincial ones in
5337:1946 Cabinet Mission to India
5319:(1905–1910; initiator of the
5284:in the central government in
5027:(and present day territories)
4658:(and present-day territories)
4645:
4551:Subdivisions of British India
4528:Commonwealth Relations Office
4500:Viscount Mountbatten of Burma
4486:1946 Cabinet Mission to India
4402:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4305:Indian Factories Act of 1934
4233:Indian Passport Act of 1920:
4161:Battle of Galliopoli, 1915–16
4127:Indian Factories Act of 1911
4032:million Muslims, along with 9
3973:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
3865:Pamir agreement Russia, 1895
3763:Indian Administrative Service
3684:8 June 1880 –
3185:1946 Cabinet Mission to India
2880:and an important ally of the
1909:Theosophists in Adyar, Madras
1212:
27084:Enforcement Directorate (ED)
26905:State legislative assemblies
26816:
26745:States and union territories
26454:Biogeographic classification
23620:List of monarchy referendums
21751:British Overseas Territories
21345:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
20621:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
20303:Indian independence movement
19965:2.2 (2021): 114–130. online.
19963:Perennial Journal of History
19926:10.1080/09584935.2011.594257
19885:The Journal of Asian Studies
19770:10.1080/00076791.2013.828424
19698:Sarkar, J. (2013, reprint).
19458:Wolpert, Stanley A. (2007),
19329:Who Was Who in British India
19206:Porter, Andrew, ed. (2001),
19062:Koomar, Roy Basanta (2009),
19001:, Yale U. Press, 250 pages,
18853:The Medieval History Journal
18713:, in Marshall, P. J. (ed.),
18471:, Harvard University Press,
18436:, Harvard University Press,
18361:Wolpert, Stanley A. (2006),
18246:A History of India, Volume 2
18169:Who Was Who in British India
18010:An advanced history of India
17916:(2018); expanded edition of
16891:Anglican Baptismal Liturgies
16782:10.1080/03086534.2012.724239
15146:10.1080/14662043.2010.522032
15004:for the historiography, see
14844:"History of Indian Railways"
14568:UK public library membership
13810:H. Caldwell Lipsett (1903).
11165:Steinback, Susie L. (2012),
11139:Mughal Empire ... 1526–1858
10959:"RAJ definition and meaning"
10839:Everaert, Christine (2010),
10436:" (6,388 persons) responses.
10421:" (5,504 persons) responses.
10406:" (4,050 persons) responses.
10391:" (1,147 persons) responses.
8415:Northern Black Polished Ware
7720:recommended turning Bengali
7521:'s brutal repression of the
7482:
7443:North-West Frontier Province
7410:North West Frontier Province
6003:1921 census of British India
5825:" for the Imperial Project.
5437:Imperial Legislative Council
5382:Secretary of State for India
5297:Secretary of State for India
5275:Government of India Act 1858
5263:Secretary of State for India
5162:North West Frontier Province
4524:Secretary of State for India
4505:Indian Independence Act 1947
4318:Government of India Act 1935
4210:Government of India Act 1919
4195:Sinai and Palestine campaign
4137:Western Front, Belgium, 1914
4112:Emperor and Empress of India
4079:(also Minto–Morley Reforms)
4002:under a Lieutenant-Governor.
3907:North-West Frontier Province
3808:Imperial Legislative Council
3613:Indian Councils Act of 1874
3591:3 May 1872 –
3574:Indian Councils Act of 1870
3503:Viceroy dies prematurely in
3431:Construction begins (1860):
3295:Islamic Republic of Pakistan
2958:North West Frontier Province
2747:Government of India Act 1935
2721:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari
2547:Government of India Act 1935
2364:Government of India Act 1919
2314:Government of India Act 1919
2009:Imperial Legislative Council
1564:North-West Frontier Province
1308:in a letter to graduates of
786:Islamic Republic of Pakistan
379:Imperial Legislative Council
131:Imperial political structure
7:
28251:Water supply and sanitation
27234:
27016:Border Security Force (BSF)
26761:National monuments of India
25883:
23467:British Antarctic Territory
23177:Western Pacific Territories
23071:
21535:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
20922:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
19700:Economics of British India
19502:Economic and social history
19269:, Oxford University Press,
19188:, (2001b), pp. 231–242
18989:The India Office, 1880–1910
18924:, Oxford University Press,
18531:(1991), scholarly biography
18365:, Oxford University Press,
18271:, Oxford University Press,
18231:The Reign of King George V,
18221:The Oxford History of India
17832:(2nd ed.), Routledge,
16306:"Sir JJ Group of Hospitals"
14478:The Economic History Review
13776:Sir George Forrest (1894).
13529:Commander-in-Chief of India
13206:Journal of Military History
11771:Garden City, NY: Doubleday
11266:Fair, C. Christine (2014),
11020:Salomone, Rosemary (2022),
10565:The King and Queen in India
10458:1941 census: Includes all "
10439:1931 census: Includes all "
10424:1921 census: Includes all "
10409:1911 census: Includes all "
10379:1891 census: Includes all "
10178:Glossary of the British Raj
10011:Influence on Southeast Asia
7815:
7621:led to the arrival of many
7292:Presidency General Hospital
6865:the scope of other articles
6056:
5889:
5795:East Indian Railway Company
5741:
5728:Tata Iron and Steel Company
5679:
5084:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
5078:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
5023:
4932:Islamabad Capital Territory
4834:Central Provinces and Berar
4654:
4477:UK General Election of 1945
4390:East African campaign, 1940
4386:Second Battle of El Alamein
3964:British expedition to Tibet
3924:Punjab Land Alienation Act
3868:The Chitral Campaign (1895)
3844:Indian Prisons Act of 1894
3578:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3406:
3403:
3289:On 15 August 1947, the new
3175:Interim Government of India
2436:stricter anti-sedition laws
2123:1915–1918: return of Gandhi
2085:, respectively, to promote
1783:Indian Councils Act of 1892
1647:local political youth clubs
1414:'s partial reversal of the
931:as their unit of currency.
697:
205:British Colonial Government
10:
28499:
27304:Central Statistical Office
26910:State legislative councils
26885:Union Council of Ministers
25817:Inventions and discoveries
25789:Sino-Indian border dispute
25536:Human rights in South Asia
25322:
23205:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
22622:British Arctic Territories
21902:
21795:
21270:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
20822:Indian Independence League
20539:Partition of Bengal (1947)
20534:Partition of Bengal (1905)
20241:The Indian Year Book: 1914
19841:India and the Simon Report
19816:10.1177/001946467501200401
19684:10.1257/089533002760278749
19427:10.1177/002200946800300407
19283:Ramusack, Barbara (2004),
18865:10.1177/097194580701000203
18809:Gopal, Sarvepalli (1953),
18775:Gopal, Sarvepalli (1976),
18759:Curzon: Imperial Statesman
18709:Fieldhouse, David (1996),
18651:Das, Manmath Nath (1964).
18465:; Harper, Timothy (2007),
18430:; Harper, Timothy (2005),
18142:Peers, Douglas M. (2006),
18119:Oldenburg, Philip (2007),
18052:Markovits, Claude (2004),
17713:
17644:"Why Indians love cricket"
17085:Christian Higher Education
16441:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006
16398:Jones, Phillip E. (2011).
16248:10.1177/003591574503800318
16230:Rogers, L (January 1945).
16134:"Biography of Ronald Ross"
15828:. 1931. pp. 513–519.
15560:10.1177/001946469002700102
15411:Romaniuk, Anatole (2014).
14984:10.1177/002252668100200201
14815:A Concise History of India
14628:Markovits, Claude (1985).
14595:10.1177/001946469403100401
14369:10.1177/025764300301900105
14234:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006
13932:Edney, Matthew H. (1997).
13854:Ernest Hullo, "India", in
13556:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006
13290:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006
13266:10.1177/097492847202800106
13078:. University of Columbia.
13076:"Muslim Case for Pakistan"
12259:The lives of Sri Aurobindo
12209:10.1177/001946466400200302
12005:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006
11990:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006
11866:"East India Proclamations"
11735:Social History of Medicine
10570:Bennett, Coleman & Co.
10562:Reed, Sir Stanley (1912).
10541:Morison, Theodore (1899).
10443:" (219,300,645 persons), "
10432:" (467,578 persons), and "
10428:" (216,260,620 persons), "
10417:" (243,445 persons), and "
10413:" (217,337,943 persons), "
10398:" (207,050,557 persons), "
10394:1901 census:Includes all "
10383:" (207,688,724 persons), "
10376:" (913 persons) responses.
10372:" (347,994 persons), and "
10336:Charles Webster Leadbeater
10243:presidencies and provinces
8393:Black and Red ware culture
7836:Imperial entities of India
7670:Baptist Missionary Society
7645:across the Indian Empire.
7576:
7486:
7223:Indian famine of 1899–1900
7162:Indian famine of 1899–1900
6840:
6830:
5993:Demographics of Bangladesh
5978:
5931:Economic impact of the Raj
5868:
5804:In 1854, Governor-General
5745:
5686:East India Trading Company
5635:
5631:
5333:Frederick Pethick-Lawrence
5329:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
5192:
4992:(110,000 sq mi)
4908:(140,000 sq mi)
4860:(100,000 sq mi)
4820:(170,000 sq mi)
4792:(120,000 sq mi)
4752:(150,000 sq mi)
4629:
4540:
4489:Indian Elections of 1946.
4382:First Battle of El Alamein
4214:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
4110:in 1911: commemoration as
4098:Lord Hardinge of Penshurst
3936:(1901); dedication of the
3916:Indian famine of 1899–1900
3877:Indian famine of 1896–1897
3830:between British India and
3802:British Parliament passes
3674:Indian Forest Act of 1878
3168:
2944:of the landlord-dominated
2838:
2717:Congress Working Committee
2524:
2416:
2368:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
2294:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
2291:
2165:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2126:
2096:southern Bombay presidency
1837:
1820:, which included Bengal's
1491:Partition of Bengal (1905)
1488:
1284:
1088:Eden Gardens, Calcutta by
1014:Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi
994:History of the British Raj
991:
987:
29:
28274:
28184:Medical colleges in India
28139:
28135:
28115:
28034:
28003:
27739:
27608:
27548:
27500:
27452:
27382:
27334:Foreign exchange reserves
27329:Foreign direct investment
27299:Economic Advisory Council
27269:
27246:
27242:
27229:
27153:
27125:
27059:
27046:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
27008:
26999:
26944:
26935:
26828:
26824:
26811:
26753:
26705:
26643:
26532:
26444:
26426:Sacred mountains of India
26408:
26380:
26376:
26363:
26324:
26253:
26148:
26115:
26072:
26051:
25998:Indus Valley Civilisation
25983:
25895:
25891:
25878:
25802:
25776:
25753:
25708:
25641:
25576:
25522:
25499:
25421:
25333:
25203:
25032:
24941:
24655:
24418:
24352:
24164:
24155:
24051:
24033:
23965:
23880:
23838:
23770:
23684:
23628:
23595:
23516:
23485:
23445:Commonwealth of Australia
23403:
23392:
23363:
23315:
23304:
23270:
23077:
23041:
22847:Newfoundland and Labrador
22561:
22550:
22528:League of Nations mandate
22509:
22233:
22222:
22203:Lancaster House Agreement
22173:League of Nations mandate
22162:
21908:
21897:
21801:
21790:
21757:
21661:
21560:
21445:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
21245:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
21065:
20942:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
20862:
20817:Indian Home Rule movement
20759:
20656:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
20596:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
20524:
20461:
20309:
20171:Simon Report (1930) vol 1
20080:Steinberg, S. H. (1947).
20032:10.1080/00467600500065340
19897:10.1017/s0021911814001685
19832:Historiography and memory
19720:10.1017/s0026749x00007745
19654:10.1017/S1060150314000138
19544:10.1017/s0026749x00009197
19321:23 September 2023 at the
19234:23 September 2023 at the
19064:The Labor Revolt in India
19040:10.1017/S0026749X00003656
18903:10.1017/S0026749X07002892
18711:"For Richer, for Poorer?"
18678:Late Victorian Holocausts
18577:10.1017/S0026749X12000686
18491:Bayly, Christopher Alan.
18219:Smith, Vincent A. (1958)
17990:Ludden, David E. (2002),
17686:LSE International History
17595:https://dergipark.org.tr/
17142:Wipf and Stock Publishers
16866:Wipf and Stock Publishers
16577:, by Pradip Kumar Dutta,
16205:"Feature Story: Smallpox"
16164:10 September 2007 at the
16119:10 September 2007 at the
16085:, By G. William Beardslee
14667:10.1017/s0026749x00009197
13881:. World Digital Library.
13727:. Oxford University Press
13719:Sarvepalli Gopal (1953).
13653:Michael Maclagan (1963).
13485:Sarvepalli Gopal (1976).
12848:10.1017/S0026749X00015286
12805:10.1017/S0026749X00004388
12346:Manmath Nath Das (1964).
11149:British Raj ... 1858–1947
10963:Collins Online Dictionary
10870:Dhir, Krishna S. (2022).
10729:10.1017/S0010417500018661
10587:Dutt, Rama-Natha (1912).
10462:" (48,813,180 persons), "
10402:" (92,419 persons), and "
10387:" (39,952 persons), and "
8404:Painted Grey Ware culture
8276:Indus Valley Civilisation
7701:
7666:London Missionary Society
7506:Thomas Babington Macaulay
7363:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
7219:Great Famine of 1876–1878
7041:
7017:
6977:
6945:
6921:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6066:
5642:Economic history of India
5590:Elephant Carriage of the
5359:Governor-General of India
5215:in Delhi which was under
4960:(97,000 sq mi)
4708:(50,000 sq mi)
4655:Province of British India
4219:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
4166:Defence of India Act 1915
4153:Battle of Ctesiphon, 1915
3953:(in absentia) proclaimed
3660:Great Famine of 1876–1878
3649:(in absentia) proclaimed
3603:Bihar famine of 1873–1874
3539:Imperial Forestry Service
2697:At its annual session in
2681:incident at Chauri Chaura
2644:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
2527:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1982:Defence of India Act 1915
1696:1909 Prevailing Religions
1459:Servants of India Society
1410:It was, however, Viceroy
1267:Great Famine of 1876–1878
741:, though not officially.
479:
469:
459:
454:
450:
437:
422:
409:
396:
392:
384:
374:
370:
358:
348:• 1858–1859 (first)
346:
342:
332:
328:
314:
304:• 1858–1862 (first)
302:
298:
288:
284:
272:
260:
248:
236:
224:
220:
210:
200:
190:
159:
141:
126:
114:
82:
59:
54:
47:
27470:Multi Commodity Exchange
27089:Intelligence Bureau (IB)
25784:Indo-Pakistani conflicts
23757:Self-proclaimed monarchy
22975:Turks and Caicos Islands
22282:(protectorate) 1907–1949
22227:
21854:(integrated into the UK)
21684:Indian annexation of Goa
21530:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
21042:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
20807:Indian National Congress
20606:Non-cooperation movement
19408:(Hardinge Simpole, 2008)
19367:Shaikh, Farzana (1989),
18742:Gilmartin, David. 1988.
18613:Chatterji, Joya (1993),
18592:Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan
18529:Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope
18171:(1998), covers 1599–1947
17846:Chhabra, G. S. (2005) ,
17589:26 November 2022 at the
17273:(1995), pp. 10–12, 34–35
16828:Buchanan, Colin (2015).
16719:Mantena, Karuna (2010).
16383:Dolly, Sequeria (2021).
16136:. The Nobel Foundation.
15770:. 1921. pp. 39–44.
15711:. 1901. pp. 57–62.
15071:. Macmillan. p. 9.
14791:Railways in Modern India
14766:Railways in Modern India
13865:23 February 2021 at the
13659:. Macmillan. p. 212
13147:D. N. Panigrahi (2004).
12913:Muldoon, Andrew (2009).
11300:Glanville, Luke (2013),
11143:Aurengzeb ... 1658–1707
10811:Vejdani, Farzin (2015),
10711:Lelyveld, David (1993).
10216:
9055:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
9035:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
8636:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
7803:in recent decades, with
7696:converts to Christianity
7648:Missionaries from other
7420:of the unarmed civilian
7213:During the British Raj,
7147:Indian famine of 1896–97
7083:Rajputana famine of 1869
5989:Demographics of Pakistan
5902:Sappers and Miners, 1896
5558:others nominated and 102
5421:Indian Councils Act 1861
5335:(1945–1947; head of the
5271:Indian Rebellion of 1857
5223:in the aftermath of the
4483:becoming prime minister.
4077:Indian Councils Act 1909
3901:Lord Curzon of Kedleston
3804:Indian Councils Act 1892
3532:Rajputana famine of 1869
3454:Indian Councils Act 1861
3447:passed into law in 1860.
3044:Indian National Congress
2872:, was the first elected
2782:British prime minister,
2669:Indian National Congress
2611:non-cooperation movement
2603:Indian National Congress
2342:and the founding of the
2282:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
2133:Kheda Satyagraha of 1918
2092:Irish home rule movement
1993:Indian National Congress
1963:Indian National Congress
1794:Indian Councils Act 1909
1715:Indian National Congress
1575:Eastern Bengal and Assam
1429:Indian National Congress
1371:Indian National Congress
1306:Indian National Congress
1287:Indian National Congress
1122:Indian Rebellion of 1857
927:until 1947 and used the
746:Indian Rebellion of 1857
274:• 1936–1947 (last)
196:Indians, British Indians
27314:Enforcement Directorate
26775:Indian-origin religions
26766:National parks of India
26575:Highest point by states
26337:Economic liberalisation
25591:Archaeological cultures
24025:Vatican City (Holy See)
23258:1919–1942 and 1945–1968
23083:18th and 19th centuries
22899:Queen Charlotte Islands
22859:North-Western Territory
22831:1665–1674 and 1702–1776
22434:1781–1784 and 1795–1819
22099:1923–1965 and 1979–1980
21782:Commonwealth of Nations
21689:Indian Independence Act
21275:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
21250:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
21220:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
20957:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
20937:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
20772:All-India Muslim League
20726:Royal Air Force strikes
20691:Round table conferences
20681:Chittagong armoury raid
20571:Hindu–German Conspiracy
20554:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
20324:Porto Grande de Bengala
19940:Mantena, Rama Sundari.
19914:Contemporary South Asia
19464:Encyclopædia Britannica
19306:Archive.org, borrowable
18827:Gould, William (2004),
18763:excerpt and text search
18327:excerpt and text search
18202:Modern India, 1885–1947
17922:Excerpt and text search
17271:: Ideologies of the Raj
16981:Oxford University Press
16889:Tovey, Phillip (2017).
16816:Indian Tales of the Raj
15623:. 1881. pp. 9–18.
15006:D'Souza, Rohan (2006).
14850:. IRFCA. Archived from
14146:10.11588/ao.2016.0.8820
14128:Kumari, Savita (2016).
13389:Bayly & Harper 2007
13181:Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan
12244:excerpt and text search
12079:18 October 2017 at the
11545:Marshall (2001), p. 384
11476:Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar
11472:India Executive Council
11239:Wright, Edmund (2015),
10872:The Wonder That Is Urdu
9155:Western Chalukya Empire
8298:Mature Harappan culture
7650:Christian denominations
7315:Mountstuart Elphinstone
7113:Great Famine of 1876–78
7098:Bihar famine of 1873–74
5985:Demographics of Myanmar
5554:nominated officials, 13
5497:Industries and Supplies
5488:Food and transportation
4571:Interpretation Act 1889
4468:Battle of Monte Cassino
4349:separated off from the
4313:Indian Military Academy
4274:Indian Forest Act, 1927
4235:British Indian passport
4199:Battle of Megiddo, 1918
4085:Department of Education
3969:North-Western Provinces
3826:. Establishment of the
3789:Imperial Service Troops
3768:University of Allahabad
3743:Third Anglo-Burmese War
3696:Second Anglo-Afghan War
3677:Second Anglo-Afghan War
3568:Ministry of Agriculture
3425:1858 reorganisation of
3157:Western Desert Campaign
3123:(right) presiding, and
3117:Chaudhari Khaliquzzaman
2882:All India Muslim League
2835:1939–1945: World War II
2729:Round Table Conferences
2543:Round Table Conferences
2042:reunification of Bengal
1753:Second Anglo-Afghan War
1744:Census of British India
1731:All-India Muslim League
1433:Womesh Chunder Bonerjee
1398:Second Anglo-Afghan War
1187:Stereographic image of
621:Somaliland Protectorate
427:Indian Independence Act
413:Government of India Act
160:Official languages
28284:Arts and entertainment
27919:Science and technology
27855:Information technology
27535:Government initiatives
26431:Sacred rivers of India
26421:Sacred groves of India
25975:Science and technology
25804:Science and technology
24307:Islands of Refreshment
23737:Legitimacy (political)
23008:West Indies Federation
22197:) and continued as an
21780:Current member of the
21475:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
21380:Purushottam Das Tandon
20746:Praja Mandala movement
20560:The Indian Sociologist
20188:, major primary source
20186:. The Clarendon press.
20121:Quotations related to
19978:Philips, Cyril H. ed.
19838:Andrews, C.F. (2017).
19515:Ballhatchet, Kenneth.
18657:. G. Allen and Unwin.
18353:Wolpert, Stanley, ed.
18337:A New History of India
18181:, Palgrave Macmillan,
16920:The Religions of India
16918:Dalal, Roshen (2014).
16814:Zareer Masani (1988).
16356:Nigel Collett (2006).
16100:17 August 2008 at the
15987:Kumar & Desai 1983
15975:Kumar & Desai 1983
15939:Kumar & Desai 1983
15884:Kumar & Desai 1983
15455:Parameswara Krishnan,
14696:R.R. Bhandari (2005).
14553:10.1093/ref:odnb/36421
13155:. Routledge. pp.
12740:10.1093/past/131.1.130
12352:. G. Allen and Unwin.
12021:. Springer Dordrecht.
11601:. 2008. Archived from
11595:"Nepal: Cultural life"
11496:Smith, George (1882).
11205:Studying Indian Cinema
11141:Akbar I ... 1556–1605
10544:Imperial Rule in India
10447:" (990,233 persons), "
10368:" (398,409 persons), "
10241:a quasi-federation of
10061:Science and technology
8445:Three Crowned Kingdoms
8287:Early Harappan culture
8102:(2,500,000–250,000 BC)
7766:
7743:Bharatiya Janata Party
7627:Church Mission Society
7603:
7579:Protestantism in India
7552:
7545:University of Calcutta
7533:
7502:
7468:Vidurashwatha massacre
7414:vehicle-ramming attack
7396:Indian Imperial Police
7275:to develop and deploy
7249:first cholera pandemic
7244:
7028:Agra famine of 1837–38
6006:
5903:
5887:
5781:
5765:
5757:
5664:
5603:
5500:Works, Mines and Power
5491:Transport and Railways
5385:
5370:
5307:; these included: Sir
5266:
4608:, was set up in 1878.
4586:
4398:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4370:North African campaign
4335:Marquess of Linlithgow
4308:Royal Indian Air Force
4224:Third Anglo-Afghan War
4048:million Jains, and 8.4
4028:million Hindus, and 63
3938:Victoria Memorial Hall
3643:Chief Commissionership
3582:Chief Commissionership
3466:, financial member of
3441:University of Calcutta
3333:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3026:Congress launched the
2981:
2905:
2897:
2885:
2705:, issued a demand for
2486:
2438:
2413:1917–1919: Rowlatt Act
2160:
2152:
1978:Revolutionary violence
1787:Municipal Corporations
1390:Monier Monier-Williams
1117:
1105:
1093:
1018:Great Uprising of 1857
921:Persian Gulf Residency
571:Persian Gulf Residency
182:Other Indian languages
28241:Socio-economic issues
28189:Law colleges in India
28179:Universities in India
27427:Reserve Bank of India
26230:Independence movement
26028:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
25683:Religious persecution
25541:Religious nationalism
25401:European and Eurasian
25205:Countries and regions
24118:Saint Kitts and Nevis
23707:Criticism of monarchy
23697:Abolition of monarchy
22930:Saint Kitts and Nevis
22201:state until the 1979
21807:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
21699:Political integration
21440:Shyamji Krishna Varma
21225:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
21170:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
21002:Rettamalai Srinivasan
20962:Mahadev Govind Ranade
20767:All India Kisan Sabha
20731:Coup d'état of Yanaon
20631:Qissa Khwani massacre
20616:Coolie-Begar movement
20431:Second Anglo-Sikh War
20115:at Wikimedia Commons
19331:(1998); 5000 entries
19304:(W. W. Norton, 1999)
19150:Ideologies of the Raj
19115:MacMillan, Margaret.
18995:Khan, Yasmin (2007),
18938:Hyam, Ronald (2007),
18632:Copland, Ian (2002),
18388:Baker, David (1993),
18355:Encyclopedia of India
17897:India: A Re-Statement
17878:Copland, Ian (2001),
17600:1 August 2019 at the
17222:63.3 (2020): 777–787.
16431:, Viking 1988, p. 166
15679:Frazer, R.W. (1897).
13856:Catholic Encyclopedia
13678:William Ford (1887).
13569:"Indian Independence"
13401:Bose, Sugata (2011),
12105:Bose & Jalal 2004
11502:. London: John Murray
10902:Bayly, C. A. (1988).
10281:of the Government of
10245:directly governed by
10210:British North America
10117:British Empire portal
9964:Specialised histories
9235:Kalachuris of Kalyani
9225:Kalachuris of Tripuri
8907:Western Ganga Kingdom
8835:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
8785:Western Satrap Empire
8768:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
8758:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
8309:Late Harappan culture
8070:History of South Asia
8003:British rule in Burma
7973:Company rule in India
7779:South Asian languages
7756:
7684:St. Stephen's College
7680:Christ Church College
7586:
7577:Further information:
7542:
7528:
7499:University of Lucknow
7496:
7406:Qissa Khwani massacre
7334:Grant Medical College
7265:Third plague pandemic
7242:Bengal famine of 1943
7239:
7177:Bengal famine of 1943
7068:Orissa famine of 1866
7020:Company Rule in India
6917:Deaths (in millions)
6877:and help introduce a
6000:
5981:Demographics of India
5955:Bengal famine of 1770
5897:
5882:
5771:
5763:
5755:
5654:
5636:Further information:
5589:
5376:
5353:
5345:Syed Hussain Bilgrami
5313:Marquess of Salisbury
5299:and a fifteen-member
5249:
4579:
4456:Bengal famine of 1943
4323:Reserve Bank of India
4315:established in 1932.
4255:established in 1922.
4231:established in 1920.
4229:University of Rangoon
4191:Fall of Baghdad, 1917
4187:Mesopotamian campaign
4149:Mesopotamian campaign
4040:million Christians, 2
4008:million, including 62
4000:East Bengal and Assam
3783:Marquess of Lansdowne
3761:(ICS), and today the
3543:Indian Forest Service
3528:Orissa famine of 1866
3523:Anglo-Bhutan Duar War
3518:Sir John Lawrence, Bt
3486:Indian Police Service
3484:, later known as the
3331:
3262:Later that year, the
3237:Lord Pethick Lawrence
3214:
3206:
3193:Lord Pethick Lawrence
3182:
2970:
2946:Punjab Unionist Party
2903:
2891:
2860:
2841:India in World War II
2628:, founded in 1921 by
2483:
2426:
2348:Mesopotamian campaign
2169:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
2158:
2140:
2001:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1619:Surendranath Banerjee
1589:). Curzon's act, the
1463:untouchable community
1455:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1431:. The 70 men elected
1151:Lord William Bentinck
1111:
1099:
1087:
903:(from 1886 to 1937),
899:(from 1858 to 1937),
895:(from 1858 to 1937),
841:San Francisco in 1945
526:Company rule in India
32:Company rule in India
18:British Indian Empire
27515:Economic development
27359:Voluntary guidelines
27354:Industrial licensing
26484:Environmental issues
26266:Non-Aligned Movement
26043:Seleucid–Mauryan war
25832:Traditional medicine
23950:United Arab Emirates
23458:Realm of New Zealand
23456:(transferred to the
23443:(transferred to the
23276:Realm of New Zealand
22877:Prince Edward Island
22755:1671–1816, 1833–1960
21525:Veeran Sundaralingam
21480:Tara Rani Srivastava
21415:Sahajanand Saraswati
21305:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
21190:Chandra Shekhar Azad
21095:Alluri Sitarama Raju
21052:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
21007:Sahajanand Saraswati
20927:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
20827:Indian National Army
20671:Dharasana Satyagraha
20576:Champaran Satyagraha
20426:First Anglo-Sikh War
20020:History of Education
19947:Moor-Gilbert, Bart.
19708:Modern Asian Studies
19489:Wolpert, Stanley A.
19482:Wolpert, Stanley A.
19086:Lipsett, Chaldwell.
19028:Modern Asian Studies
18987:Kaminsky, Arnold P.
18891:Modern Asian Studies
18781:, Harvard U. Press,
18565:Modern Asian Studies
18495:. (Routledge, 2016).
18206:, Delhi: Macmillan,
18175:Robb, Peter (2002),
18125:Encarta Encyclopedia
17994:, Oxford: Oneworld,
17941:Judd, Denis (2004),
17895:Coupland, Reginald.
17727:Bandhu, Deep Chand.
17470:. 19 November 2022.
16945:The Indian Year Book
16404:. P. J. Publishing.
15204:10.1787/456125276116
14655:Modern Asian Studies
14453:10.1787/456125276116
14403:Baten, Jörg (2016).
13925:Robert Harry Drayton
13119:The Idea of Pakistan
12836:Modern Asian Studies
12793:Modern Asian Studies
12157:Stanley A. Wolpert,
11605:on 24 November 2015.
11521:Baten, Jörg (2016).
11484:V. T. Krishnamachari
11333:Pykett, Lyn (2006),
11202:Ahmed, Omar (2015),
10451:" (5,378 persons), "
10364:" (1,147 persons), "
10173:Direct colonial rule
9482:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
9284:Late medieval period
9195:Eastern Ganga Empire
8927:Vishnukundina Empire
7639:St. Paul's Cathedral
7588:St. Paul's Cathedral
7523:Morant Bay rebellion
7470:on 25 April 1938 at
7412:: In this armoured
7408:on 23 April 1930 in
7319:smallpox vaccination
5726:otherwise sell. The
5321:Minto–Morley Reforms
5225:Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
5041:Chief administrative
4670:Chief administrative
4473:British Labour Party
4123:as capital of India.
3960:Francis Younghusband
3770:established in 1887
3759:Indian Civil Service
3721:Education Commission
3709:University of Punjab
3437:University of Madras
3433:University of Bombay
3291:Dominion of Pakistan
3067:, presided by Bose.
3053:Indian National Army
2952:of the pro-Congress
2736:Indian Civil Service
2500:Bolshevik Revolution
2463:High Court of Madras
2459:High Court of Bombay
2391:Minto–Morley Reforms
2182:was different from "
2129:Champaran Satyagraha
2102:and in regions like
2013:Madan Mohan Malaviya
1959:1920 Summer Olympics
1818:revolutionary groups
1805:elective principle.
1681:Minto-Morley Reforms
1403:Vernacular Press Act
1382:Indian Civil Service
1112:Bombay buildings by
715:Direct rule in India
557:Dominion of Pakistan
109:are shown in yellow.
27277:Ministry of Finance
26281:Indo-Pakistani wars
26225:Partition of Bengal
25763:South Asian studies
25289:South Asian regions
25146:Trinidad and Tobago
25033:Commonwealth realms
24918:United Baltic Duchy
24061:Antigua and Barbuda
24053:Commonwealth realms
23747:Order of succession
23489:Since 2009 part of
23381:of April–June 1982.
22968:Trinidad and Tobago
22582:Antigua and Barbuda
22482:Straits Settlements
21510:V. K. Krishna Menon
21455:Subhas Chandra Bose
21340:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
21335:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
21230:Govind Ballabh Pant
21210:Dayananda Saraswati
21135:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
20932:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
20912:Dhondo Keshav Karve
20907:Dayananda Saraswati
20902:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
20877:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
20390:Anglo-Maratha Wars
19748:Strobel, Margaret.
19263:Raja, Masood Ashraf
19223:Raghavan, Srinath.
18918:Headrick, Daniel R.
18801:Gopal, Sarvepalli.
18767:Gopal, Sarvepalli.
18085:Metcalf, Barbara D.
18024:The A to Z of India
17902:Dodwell H. H., ed.
17266:Thomas R. Metcalf,
16868:. pp. 117–19.
16740:10.3917/hp.011.0002
16628:The Express Tribune
16515:"Salanga Day today"
16081:13 May 2015 at the
16013:, pp. 263–281.
15858:. pp. 97–101.
15169:, pp. 105, 108
14948:Derbyshire, 157-67.
14854:on 25 November 2012
13914:Government of India
13684:. pp. 186–253.
13612:on 14 February 2015
12716:Nick Lloyd (2011).
11786:on 25 February 2009
11747:10.1093/shm/9.3.357
11356:Lowe, Lisa (2015),
11259:Crown rule in India
10199:Subsidiary alliance
9564:Early modern period
9411:Vijayanagara Empire
9391:Chitradurga Kingdom
9085:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
8497:Shaishunaga dynasty
7787:South Asian cuisine
7771:South Asian culture
7759:Indian cricket team
7757:A supporter of the
7631:Diocese of Calcutta
7619:British Indian Army
7431:Spin Tangi massacre
7338:Elphinstone College
6980:Maratha Confederacy
6948:Maratha Confederacy
6932:Great Bengal Famine
6907:
6063:
5871:Irrigation in India
5799:profit maximization
5205:subsidiary alliance
5182:Chief Commissioner
5156:Chief Commissioner
5127:Chief Commissioner
5104:British Baluchistan
5098:Chief Commissioner
5072:Chief Commissioner
4999:Lieutenant-Governor
4967:Lieutenant-Governor
4915:Governor-in-Council
4827:Lieutenant-Governor
4799:Governor-in-Council
4759:Lieutenant-Governor
4651:
4602:order of knighthood
4416:Battle of Singapore
4408:Battle of Hong Kong
4253:University of Delhi
3996:Partition of Bengal
3840:finalised in 1893.
3427:British Indian Army
3338:newly drawn borders
3313:, and the viceroy,
3241:Sir Stafford Cripps
3197:Sir Stafford Cripps
3189:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
3093:(centre-right) and
3057:Battle of Singapore
3040:Subhas Chandra Bose
3028:Quit India Movement
2950:Abd al-Ghaffar Khan
2938:Krishak Praja Party
2853:Quit India Movement
2713:Hindustani language
2561:Gandhi with Besant
2366:(also known as the
2115:groups such as non-
2067:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1997:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1943:British Indian Army
1924:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1598:Partition of Bengal
1591:Partition of Bengal
1471:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1310:Calcutta University
1302:Allan Octavian Hume
1271:Indian Famine Codes
1195:, completed in 1888
1104:(photo 1850s-1870s)
1092:(photo 1850s-1870s)
1052:Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
909:Straits Settlements
885:Indo-Gangetic Plain
871:Geographical extent
768:into two sovereign
711:Crown rule in India
707:Indian subcontinent
639:Straits Settlements
360:• 1947 (last)
316:• 1947 (last)
28246:Standard of living
27936:Telecommunications
27453:Financial services
27374:Atmanirbhar Bharat
27294:Finance Commission
26459:Biosphere reserves
26215:Bengal Renaissance
26203:Commander-in-Chief
26168:East India Company
25197:South Asian topics
22641:Cape Breton Island
22532:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
22374:Unfederated States
22189:Southern Rhodesia
21776:Commonwealth realm
21694:Partition of India
21540:Yashwantrao Holkar
21505:V. O. Chidamabaram
21460:Subramania Bharati
21390:Rahul Sankrityayan
21375:Pritilata Waddedar
21285:Shri Krishna Singh
21185:C. Rajagopalachari
21175:Bidhan Chandra Roy
21160:Bhavabhushan Mitra
21145:Begum Hazrat Mahal
21100:Annapurna Maharana
20972:Muthulakshmi Reddy
20917:G. Subramania Iyer
20611:Christmas Day Plot
20486:Indian nationalism
20436:Sannyasi rebellion
20334:East India Company
20265:1919–1947 editions
20046:Winks, Robin, ed.
19958:13 (2014). online.
19741:Sinha, Mrinalini.
19586:Gupta, Charu, ed.
19532:Population Studies
19484:Jinnah of Pakistan
19198:Discovery of India
19145:Metcalf, Thomas R.
19124:Metcalf, Thomas R.
18859:(1&2): 75–98,
18463:Bayly, Christopher
18428:Bayly, Christopher
18407:Bayly, Christopher
18381:Specialised topics
18292:A History of India
18269:A History of India
18178:A History of India
18089:Metcalf, Thomas R.
17440:. 14 August 2017.
17220:Historical Journal
16749:on 19 October 2017
16728:Histoire@Politique
16461:District Raebareli
15653:. pp. 87–95.
15594:. pp. 50–54.
15494:Far Eastern Survey
15363:. 15 August 2023.
15361:The Economic Times
14357:Studies in History
14069:, pp. 386–409
13796:Michael Edwardes,
13377:Bandyopadhyay 2004
13302:Bandyopadhyay 2004
13218:10.1353/jmh.0.0233
13061:Ramachandra Guha,
12879:, pp. 40, 156
12732:Past & Present
12285:, pp. 273–274
12271:Bandyopadhyay 2004
12238:V. Sankaran Nair,
12170:Michael Edwardes,
12068:F.H. Hinsley, ed.
11819:, pp. 150–151
11807:, pp. 149–150
11444:Mansergh, Nicholas
10180:(Hindi-Urdu words)
10041:Partition of India
9906:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
9854:Regional histories
9799:National histories
9686:Travancore Kingdom
9656:Thondaiman Kingdom
9526:Golkonda Sultanate
9135:Somavamshi Kingdom
9105:Rashtrakuta Empire
9045:Rashidun Caliphate
8967:Kabul Shahi Empire
8815:Nagas of Padmavati
8738:Indo-Greek Kingdom
8678:(230 BC – AD 1206)
8371:Vedic Civilisation
8319:Vedic Civilisation
8216:Ahar-Banas culture
8023:Partition of India
7767:
7739:Hindu nationalists
7711:Ideological impact
7617:The growth of the
7604:
7553:
7549:state universities
7503:
7455:on 28 May 1930 at
7311:Lepers Act of 1898
7281:Haffkine Institute
7245:
6899:
6875:discuss this issue
6061:
6007:
5942:East India Company
5904:
5782:
5766:
5758:
5706:textile production
5665:
5618:female infanticide
5608:East India Company
5604:
5386:
5384:from 1874 to 1878.
5371:
5267:
5265:from 1859 to 1866.
5259:East India Company
5168:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5036:Population in 1901
4867:Chief Commissioner
4715:Chief Commissioner
4665:Population in 1901
4643:
4575:British Parliament
4515:Partition of India
4378:Operation Crusader
4297:Earl of Willingdon
4141:German East Africa
3998:; new province of
3911:Chief Commissioner
3859:Reorganisation of
3407:Presiding Viceroy
3334:
3284:partition of India
3217:
3209:
3201:
3171:Partition of India
3153:Operation Crusader
2906:
2898:
2886:
2794:representing the "
2692:Bardoli Satyagraha
2656:Reginald E.H. Dyer
2487:
2439:
2272:—one in the rural
2184:passive resistance
2161:
2153:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1039:on 1 November 1858
905:British Somaliland
754:East India Company
441:Partition of India
334:Secretary of State
28425:
28424:
28421:
28420:
28417:
28416:
28111:
28110:
28107:
28106:
27656:Jammu and Kashmir
27282:Finance ministers
27225:
27224:
27221:
27220:
27213:Women in politics
27188:Political parties
27121:
27120:
27117:
27116:
26927:Chief Secretaries
26900:State governments
26895:Cabinet Secretary
26848:Foreign relations
26807:
26806:
26803:
26802:
26359:
26358:
26355:
26354:
26347:COVID-19 pandemic
26220:Political reforms
25840:
25839:
25743:Traditional games
25728:South Asian Games
25316:General geography
25163:
25162:
25159:
25158:
24848:Piedmont-Sardinia
24600:Sip Song Chau Tai
24410:Thirteen Colonies
24151:
24150:
23555:
23554:
23512:
23511:
23388:
23387:
23320:Providence Island
23300:
23299:
23265:
23264:
23133:Western Australia
23101:Van Diemen's Land
23037:
23036:
23014:Associated States
22712:Columbia District
22546:
22545:
22400:Manila and Cavite
22218:
22217:
22097:Southern Rhodesia
22091:South-West Africa
22041:Northern Rhodesia
21953:Cape of Good Hope
21893:
21892:
21770:Current territory
21712:
21711:
21679:Republic of India
21515:Vallabhbhai Patel
21500:Ubaidullah Sindhi
21400:Ram Prasad Bismil
21295:M. Bhaktavatsalam
21255:Jatindra Nath Das
21180:Bipin Chandra Pal
21115:Babu Kunwar Singh
21085:Achyut Patwardhan
20842:Khudai Khidmatgar
20686:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
20626:Kakori conspiracy
20586:Rowlatt Committee
20549:Direct Action Day
20511:Swadeshi movement
20491:Khilafat Movement
20481:Hindu nationalism
20441:Rebellion of 1857
20364:Anglo-Mysore Wars
20354:Battle of Plassey
20111:Media related to
20093:978-0-230-27076-3
20012:Imperial Meridian
19851:978-1-315-44498-7
19795:978-0-521-36230-6
19632:Lockwood, David.
19614:978-0-521-22802-2
19450:Voigt, Johannes.
19397:978-0-19-579051-1
19378:978-0-521-36328-0
19327:Riddick, John F.
19310:Riddick, John F.
19294:978-0-521-03989-5
19276:978-0-19-547811-2
19255:978-0-559-80001-6
19217:978-0-19-924678-6
19193:Nehru, Jawaharlal
19178:978-0-19-924678-6
19160:978-0-521-58937-6
19137:978-81-85054-99-5
19108:978-0-521-89261-2
19073:978-1-113-34966-8
19008:978-0-300-12078-3
18949:978-0-521-86649-1
18849:Grove, Richard H.
18840:978-1-139-45195-6
18815:, Oxford U. Press
18788:978-0-674-47310-2
18752:978-0-520-06249-8
18724:978-0-521-00254-7
18688:978-1-85984-739-8
18664:978-0-04-954002-6
18643:978-0-521-89436-4
18624:978-0-521-52328-8
18605:978-0-521-59692-3
18546:978-0-19-924679-3
18527:Brown, Judith M.
18478:978-0-674-02153-2
18443:978-0-674-01748-1
18420:978-0-521-66360-1
18399:978-0-19-563049-7
18372:978-0-19-539394-1
18346:978-0-19-516677-4
18302:978-1-4443-2351-1
18278:978-0-19-565446-2
18256:978-0-14-013836-8
18213:978-0-333-90425-1
18188:978-0-230-34549-2
18167:Riddick, John F.
18160:Riddick, John F.
18153:978-0-582-31738-3
18102:978-0-521-68225-1
18065:978-1-84331-004-4
18044:978-0-521-00254-7
18022:Mansingh, Surjit
18001:978-1-85168-237-9
17983:978-0-521-45754-5
17973:Eclipse of Empire
17952:978-0-19-280358-0
17933:James, Lawrence.
17889:978-0-582-38173-5
17859:978-81-89093-08-2
17839:978-0-415-30787-1
17811:978-0-19-873113-9
17789:978-0-307-27028-3
17768:978-0-521-38650-0
17746:978-81-250-2596-2
17540:978-0-231-53993-7
17369:978-1-4438-6761-0
17297:10.1080/714041289
17205:978-1-61164-551-4
17180:978-0-8028-4900-7
17151:978-1-63087-485-8
17122:978-1-78138-563-0
17094:978-1-4674-4039-4
17069:978-1-4438-6928-7
17044:978-0-8028-3956-5
17015:978-0-567-66246-0
16990:978-0-19-160743-1
16900:978-1-78622-020-2
16875:978-1-62032-315-1
16843:978-1-4422-5016-1
16493:on 16 August 2022
16369:978-1-85285-575-8
16236:Proc. R. Soc. Med
16064:978-0-385-72027-4
16025:, pp. 13–14.
16001:, pp. 79–81.
15864:saoa.crl.28215532
15834:saoa.crl.25793234
15776:saoa.crl.25394121
15747:saoa.crl.25393779
15717:saoa.crl.25352838
15659:saoa.crl.25318666
15629:saoa.crl.25057654
15600:saoa.crl.25057647
15392:. 2 November 2022
15213:978-92-64-02261-4
15118:978-0-231-14002-7
15078:978-0-374-53080-8
14800:978-0-19-564828-7
14775:978-0-19-564828-7
14747:978-0-521-22802-2
14707:978-81-230-1254-4
14639:978-0-511-56333-1
14618:, p. 291–92.
14566:(Subscription or
14462:978-92-64-02261-4
14430:, pp. 337–80
14414:978-1-107-50718-0
14181:, pp. 422–46
14134:Art of the Orient
13965:978-0-7007-0425-5
13943:978-0-226-18488-3
13504:978-0-674-47310-2
13463:, pp. 170–71
13451:, pp. 172–73
13414:978-0-674-04754-9
13355:, pp. 31–31.
13304:, pp. 418–20
13292:, pp. 206–07
13238:John F. Riddick,
13166:978-1-280-04817-3
13133:978-0-8157-1502-3
12781:, pp. 373–74
12678:, pp. 195–96
12630:, pp. 205–07
12601:, pp. 203–04
12561:, pp. 216–17
12549:, pp. 210–13
12530:, pp. 214–15
12490:, pp. 200–01
12473:, pp. 201–02
12447:on 7 October 2018
12419:, pp. 197–98
12359:978-0-04-954002-6
12028:978-94-009-6395-5
11843:, pp. 147–48
11568:978-81-7755-257-7
11532:978-1-107-50718-0
11459:978-0-11-580016-0
11416:Kaul, Chandrika.
11402:978-1-107-02014-6
11369:978-0-8223-7564-7
11344:978-0-19-284034-9
11313:978-0-226-07708-6
11279:978-0-19-989270-9
11252:978-0-19-968569-1
11215:978-1-80034-738-0
11178:978-0-415-77408-6
11122:978-0-521-51430-9
11082:978-0-19-934003-3
11033:978-0-19-062561-0
10996:978-0-415-44787-4
10947:978-0-19-860981-0
10881:978-81-208-4301-1
10850:978-90-04-17731-4
10822:978-0-8047-9153-3
10793:978-0-7136-7841-3
10247:the British Crown
10159:Bangladesh portal
10105:
10104:
9790:
9789:
9784:
9783:
9704:
9703:
9606:Thanjavur Kingdom
9554:
9553:
9515:Bijapur Sultanate
9471:Deccan sultanates
9349:Tughlaq Sultanate
9296:Ghaznavid Dynasty
9274:
9273:
9145:Chaulukya Kingdom
9075:Mallabhum kingdom
9065:Umayyad Caliphate
8805:Bharshiva Dynasty
8701:(200 BC – AD 300)
8691:(230 BC – AD 220)
8687:Satavahana Empire
8665:
8664:
8661:(247 BC – AD 224)
8517:Macedonian Empire
8491:(450 BC – AD 489)
8479:Achaemenid Empire
8349:
8348:
8254:
8253:
8177:
8176:
8127:
8126:
8111:Madrasian culture
8064:
8063:
8031:
8030:
7938:
7937:
7895:
7894:
7730:Sir William Jones
7422:Khudai Khidmatgar
7290:, working in the
7269:Waldemar Haffkine
7207:
7206:
7192:Total (1765–1947)
6924:Bengal Presidency
6896:
6895:
6824:
6823:
6772:Total population
5774:Victoria Terminus
5690:finished textiles
5625:British Victorian
5457:Sayyid Ahmad Khan
5416:Executive Council
5395:India Act of 1784
5388:In Calcutta, the
5311:(1859–1866), the
5186:
5185:
5171:
5142:
5113:
5087:
5058:
5028:
5004:
5003:
4987:
4955:
4903:
4855:
4815:
4787:
4747:
4703:
4688:Arunachal Pradesh
4659:
4534:
4533:
4374:Operation Compass
4310:created in 1932.
4284:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
4083:Establishment of
4020:million men and 1
3690:Marquess of Ripon
3641:established as a
3541:in 1867 (now the
3457:Establishment of
3445:Indian Penal Code
3321:on 14 August and
3315:Louis Mountbatten
3303:Republic of India
3299:Dominion of India
3280:Louis Mountbatten
3264:British Exchequer
3253:Direct Action Day
3021:Winston Churchill
2966:Two-Nation Theory
2954:Khudai Khidmatgar
2926:Lahore Resolution
2874:Premier of Bengal
2796:Depressed Classes
2762:million in 1939.
2511:Indian Penal Code
2471:Bombay presidency
2447:Rowlatt Committee
2432:Rowlatt Committee
2399:Indian Christians
2344:Home Rule leagues
2100:Madras Presidency
2079:Home Rule Leagues
2077:During 1916, two
2005:Pherozeshah Mehta
1955:League of Nations
1824:and the Punjab's
1771:Khwaja Salimullah
1602:Swadeshi movement
1518:Bengal Presidency
1495:Swadeshi movement
1420:Bengal Presidency
1337:Pherozeshah Mehta
1189:Victoria Terminus
1022:Doctrine of lapse
960:Kingdom of Sikkim
948:Madras Presidency
829:League of Nations
820:in 1937 as well.
778:Republic of India
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
543:Dominion of India
531:
530:
322:Louis Mountbatten
250:• 1910–1936
238:• 1901–1910
75:
65:God Save the King
16:(Redirected from
28490:
28380:Physical culture
28201:Ethnic relations
28137:
28136:
28117:
28116:
28099:Mumbai Consensus
27651:Himachal Pradesh
27540:Numbering system
27530:Green revolution
27405:Historical Forex
27244:
27243:
27231:
27230:
27203:Scheduled groups
27006:
27005:
26942:
26941:
26826:
26825:
26813:
26812:
26795:Tourism in India
26790:History of India
26785:Culture of India
26395:Geology of India
26378:
26377:
26365:
26364:
26296:Naxal Insurgency
26291:White Revolution
26286:Green Revolution
25893:
25892:
25880:
25879:
25867:
25860:
25853:
25844:
25843:
25738:Physical culture
25633:Former countries
25628:Contemporary era
25328:
25190:
25183:
25176:
25167:
25166:
25087:Irish Free State
24853:Poland–Lithuania
24162:
24161:
24113:Papua New Guinea
23843:
23842:
23582:
23575:
23568:
23559:
23558:
23545:
23535:
23534:
23500:Antarctic Treaty
23461:
23448:
23433:Falkland Islands
23425:Tristan da Cunha
23417:Ascension Island
23394:
23393:
23345:Falkland Islands
23306:
23305:
23274:Now part of the
23146:Pitcairn Islands
23111:Auckland Islands
23080:
23079:
23066:
23059:
23052:
23043:
23042:
23028:Windward Islands
22982:Vancouver Island
22759:MassachusettsBay
22628:British Columbia
22552:
22551:
22368:Federated States
22224:
22223:
22134:Tristan da Cunha
22103:Southern Nigeria
22035:Northern Nigeria
21914:Ascension Island
21899:
21898:
21855:
21792:
21791:
21766:Former territory
21763:
21739:
21732:
21725:
21716:
21715:
21704:Simla Conference
21495:Tiruppur Kumaran
21465:Subramaniya Siva
21420:Sangolli Rayanna
21410:Rash Behari Bose
21350:Nagnath Naikwadi
21260:Jawaharlal Nehru
21205:Dadabhai Naoroji
21200:Chittaranjan Das
21090:A. K. Fazlul Huq
21012:Savitribai Phule
20837:Khaksar movement
20792:Berlin Committee
20777:Anushilan Samiti
20741:Independence Day
20701:Aundh Experiment
20676:Vedaranyam March
20581:Kheda Satyagraha
20566:Singapore Mutiny
20349:Portuguese India
20296:
20289:
20282:
20273:
20272:
20214:
20187:
20139:
20130:
20120:
20110:
20097:
20057:Winks, Robin W.
20043:
20003:
19994:(4): 1146–1180.
19937:
19908:
19879:
19855:
19826:
19798:
19780:
19764:(6): 1024–1026,
19758:Business History
19738:
19695:
19686:
19665:
19629:
19628:
19626:
19572:Dutt, Romesh C.
19562:
19495:full text online
19478:
19477:
19475:
19446:
19429:
19404:Thatcher, Mary.
19400:
19381:
19363:
19297:
19279:
19258:
19220:
19202:
19181:
19163:
19140:
19111:
19076:
19058:
19011:
18983:
18971:
18961:
18952:
18934:
18913:
18897:(6): 1189–1212,
18885:
18876:
18843:
18823:
18822:
18820:
18798:
18797:
18795:
18757:Gilmour, David.
18739:
18738:
18736:
18691:
18668:
18646:
18627:
18608:
18587:
18549:
18520:
18519:
18517:
18488:
18487:
18485:
18458:
18457:
18455:
18423:
18402:
18375:
18349:
18333:Wolpert, Stanley
18317:
18316:
18314:
18281:
18259:
18229:Somervell, D.C.
18216:
18205:
18191:
18156:
18132:
18127:, archived from
18105:
18080:
18079:
18077:
18058:, Anthem Press,
18047:
18012:
18004:
17986:
17955:
17912:Gilmour, David.
17892:
17874:
17873:
17871:
17842:
17814:
17798:Brown, Judith M.
17793:
17771:
17749:
17702:
17701:
17699:
17697:
17688:. 20 July 2020.
17678:
17672:
17671:
17669:
17667:
17640:
17634:
17633:
17631:
17629:
17610:
17604:
17581:
17575:
17574:
17572:
17570:
17551:
17545:
17544:
17524:
17515:
17514:
17512:
17510:
17499:The Conversation
17490:
17484:
17483:
17481:
17479:
17460:
17454:
17453:
17451:
17449:
17430:
17424:
17423:
17421:
17419:
17405:
17399:
17398:
17396:
17394:
17380:
17374:
17373:
17353:
17347:
17346:
17344:
17342:
17328:
17322:
17315:
17309:
17308:
17280:
17274:
17264:
17258:
17257:
17255:
17253:
17234:
17223:
17216:
17210:
17209:
17191:
17185:
17184:
17162:
17156:
17155:
17133:
17127:
17126:
17108:
17099:
17098:
17080:
17074:
17073:
17055:
17049:
17048:
17026:
17020:
17019:
17001:
16995:
16994:
16972:
16966:
16965:
16959:
16957:
16940:
16934:
16933:
16915:
16909:
16908:
16886:
16880:
16879:
16857:
16848:
16847:
16825:
16819:
16812:
16806:
16800:
16794:
16793:
16765:
16759:
16758:
16756:
16754:
16748:
16742:. Archived from
16725:
16716:
16710:
16709:
16707:
16705:
16693:
16687:
16684:
16678:
16676:Maria J. Stephan
16672:
16666:
16665:
16663:
16661:
16656:. 24 August 2016
16646:
16640:
16639:
16637:
16635:
16630:. 24 August 2016
16620:
16614:
16613:
16611:
16609:
16604:on 10 April 2018
16590:
16584:
16572:
16563:
16562:
16560:
16558:
16553:. The Daily Star
16546:
16540:
16528:
16522:
16512:
16503:
16502:
16500:
16498:
16479:
16473:
16472:
16470:
16468:
16453:
16444:
16438:
16432:
16422:
16416:
16415:
16395:
16389:
16388:
16380:
16374:
16373:
16353:
16347:
16346:
16344:
16342:
16328:
16322:
16321:
16319:
16317:
16312:on 20 April 2012
16302:
16296:
16295:
16293:
16291:
16276:
16270:
16269:
16259:
16227:
16221:
16220:
16218:
16216:
16201:
16195:
16194:
16192:
16190:
16185:on 16 April 2012
16175:
16169:
16156:
16150:
16149:
16147:
16145:
16130:
16124:
16111:
16105:
16104:, sciencemag.org
16092:
16086:
16073:
16067:
16056:
16050:
16044:
16038:
16032:
16026:
16020:
16014:
16008:
16002:
15996:
15990:
15984:
15978:
15972:
15966:
15960:
15954:
15948:
15942:
15936:
15930:
15924:
15911:
15905:
15899:
15893:
15887:
15881:
15875:
15874:
15872:
15870:
15851:
15845:
15844:
15842:
15840:
15822:
15816:
15815:
15813:
15811:
15793:
15787:
15786:
15784:
15782:
15764:
15758:
15757:
15755:
15753:
15734:
15728:
15727:
15725:
15723:
15705:
15699:
15698:
15696:
15694:
15676:
15670:
15669:
15667:
15665:
15646:
15640:
15639:
15637:
15635:
15617:
15611:
15610:
15608:
15606:
15587:
15581:
15578:
15572:
15571:
15543:
15537:
15536:
15524:
15518:
15517:
15486:
15480:
15475:Kingsley Davis,
15473:
15467:
15453:
15447:
15446:
15444:
15442:
15432:
15408:
15402:
15401:
15399:
15397:
15386:
15380:
15379:
15377:
15375:
15353:
15347:
15346:
15344:
15342:
15326:
15320:
15313:
15307:
15306:
15304:
15302:
15296:
15285:
15277:
15266:
15259:
15253:
15252:
15250:
15248:
15229:
15218:
15217:
15188:
15182:
15176:
15170:
15164:
15158:
15157:
15129:
15123:
15122:
15101:
15095:
15089:
15083:
15082:
15059:
15053:
15052:
15050:
15048:
15030:
15012:
15002:
14996:
14995:
14967:
14961:
14960:, p. 81–82.
14955:
14949:
14946:
14940:
14934:
14928:
14927:
14925:
14923:
14914:. Archived from
14901:
14892:
14891:
14882:
14876:
14875:, p. 78–79.
14870:
14864:
14863:
14861:
14859:
14840:
14831:
14824:
14818:
14811:
14805:
14804:
14786:
14780:
14779:
14758:
14752:
14751:
14733:
14727:
14721:
14712:
14711:
14693:
14687:
14686:
14650:
14644:
14643:
14625:
14619:
14613:
14607:
14606:
14578:
14572:
14571:
14563:
14561:
14559:
14540:
14532:
14523:
14520:
14514:
14508:
14502:
14501:
14473:
14467:
14466:
14437:
14431:
14425:
14419:
14418:
14400:
14394:
14387:
14381:
14380:
14352:
14346:
14340:
14331:
14325:
14319:
14313:
14304:
14298:
14292:
14286:
14277:
14267:
14261:
14255:
14249:
14243:
14237:
14231:
14225:
14219:
14206:
14200:
14194:
14188:
14182:
14176:
14170:
14169:
14167:
14165:
14125:
14119:
14118:
14100:
14076:
14070:
14064:
14055:
14049:
14043:
14034:
14025:
14019:
14010:
14005:, ... (p. 463)"
13997:
13988:
13982:
13981:
13979:
13977:
13947:
13901:
13895:
13894:
13892:
13890:
13875:
13869:
13852:
13846:
13845:
13843:
13841:
13824:
13818:
13817:
13807:
13801:
13794:
13788:
13787:
13773:
13767:
13766:
13756:
13750:
13743:
13737:
13736:
13734:
13732:
13726:
13716:
13710:
13709:
13695:
13686:
13685:
13675:
13669:
13668:
13666:
13664:
13650:
13644:
13637:
13631:
13628:
13622:
13621:
13619:
13617:
13598:
13592:
13591:
13586:
13584:
13565:
13559:
13541:
13535:
13522:
13516:
13515:
13513:
13511:
13492:
13482:
13476:
13470:
13464:
13458:
13452:
13446:
13437:
13431:
13425:
13424:
13423:
13421:
13398:
13392:
13386:
13380:
13374:
13368:
13362:
13356:
13350:
13341:
13335:
13329:
13323:
13317:
13311:
13305:
13299:
13293:
13287:
13278:
13277:
13249:
13243:
13236:
13230:
13229:
13201:
13195:
13194:
13177:
13171:
13170:
13154:
13144:
13138:
13137:
13114:Stephen P. Cohen
13110:
13104:
13098:
13092:
13091:
13089:
13087:
13072:
13066:
13059:
13053:
13052:
13050:
13048:
13029:
13020:
13019:
13017:
13015:
12995:
12984:
12983:. 12 April 1937.
12972:
12966:
12960:
12958:
12956:
12950:
12934:10.7202/044403ar
12919:
12910:
12904:
12898:
12892:
12886:
12880:
12874:
12868:
12867:
12831:
12825:
12824:
12788:
12782:
12776:
12767:
12766:
12758:
12752:
12751:
12727:
12721:
12714:
12708:
12702:
12696:
12690:
12679:
12673:
12662:
12656:
12643:
12637:
12631:
12625:
12602:
12596:
12575:
12570:Balraj Krishna,
12568:
12562:
12556:
12550:
12544:
12531:
12525:
12512:
12506:
12491:
12485:
12474:
12468:
12457:
12456:
12454:
12452:
12446:
12440:. Archived from
12435:
12426:
12420:
12414:
12397:
12396:
12389:
12383:
12377:
12371:
12370:
12368:
12366:
12343:
12334:
12328:
12317:
12311:
12305:
12299:
12286:
12280:
12274:
12268:
12262:
12252:
12246:
12236:
12230:
12227:
12221:
12220:
12190:
12184:
12181:
12175:
12168:
12162:
12155:
12149:
12143:
12137:
12127:
12121:
12114:
12108:
12107:, pp. 80–81
12102:
12096:
12090:
12084:
12066:
12060:
12054:
12045:
12039:
12033:
12032:
12014:
12008:
12002:
11993:
11987:
11978:
11972:
11961:
11955:
11949:
11943:
11937:
11932:
11923:
11913:
11907:
11898:
11892:
11891:
11889:
11887:
11881:
11870:
11862:
11856:
11850:
11844:
11838:
11832:
11826:
11820:
11814:
11808:
11802:
11796:
11795:
11793:
11791:
11785:
11779:. Archived from
11778:
11765:
11759:
11758:
11730:
11724:
11718:
11712:
11706:
11697:
11696:
11694:
11692:
11673:
11667:
11666:
11664:
11662:
11643:
11637:
11636:
11634:
11632:
11613:
11607:
11606:
11591:
11585:
11579:
11573:
11572:
11552:
11546:
11543:
11537:
11536:
11518:
11512:
11511:
11509:
11507:
11493:
11487:
11469:
11468:
11466:
11440:
11434:
11433:
11431:
11429:
11413:
11407:
11405:
11386:
11380:
11377:
11352:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11295:
11289:
11286:
11262:
11235:
11229:
11227:
11198:
11192:
11190:
11160:
11154:
11151:
11131:
11129:
11102:
11096:
11094:
11062:
11056:
11053:
11047:
11045:
11016:
11010:
11008:
10978:
10972:
10969:
10954:
10928:
10922:
10921:
10899:
10893:
10892:
10867:
10858:
10857:
10836:
10830:
10829:
10808:
10802:
10801:
10779:
10773:
10772:
10766:
10764:
10708:
10702:
10701:
10696:
10694:
10673:
10667:
10666:
10661:
10659:
10634:
10628:
10625:
10616:
10615:
10601:
10595:
10594:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10559:
10553:
10552:
10538:
10521:
10514:Ancestor Worship
10499:
10493:
10486:
10480:
10473:
10467:
10358:
10352:
10345:
10339:
10332:
10326:
10323:
10317:
10314:
10308:
10305:
10299:
10296:
10290:
10272:
10266:
10259:
10253:
10239:
10233:
10227:
10161:
10156:
10155:
10154:
10147:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10133:
10128:
10127:
10126:
10119:
10114:
10113:
10112:
10097:
10090:
10083:
10046:Pakistan studies
9886:Himachal Pradesh
9726:Portuguese India
9722:
9721:
9718:
9676:Sikh Confederacy
9572:
9571:
9568:
9421:Bengal Sultanate
9360:Sayyid Sultanate
9338:Khalji Sultanate
9327:Mamluk Sultanate
9292:
9291:
9288:
9269:
9265:
9262:
9205:Kakatiya Kingdom
9115:Paramara Kingdom
9008:
9004:
9001:
8977:
8974:
8917:Kamarupa Kingdom
8880:
8876:
8873:
8866:Kalabhras Empire
8859:
8855:
8852:
8778:
8775:
8762:(50 BC – AD 400)
8742:(180 BC – AD 10)
8721:
8717:
8714:
8683:
8682:
8679:
8650:
8646:
8643:
8629:
8626:
8612:
8609:
8595:
8592:
8578:
8575:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8472:
8469:
8455:
8452:
8435:Haryanka dynasty
8425:Pradyota dynasty
8367:
8366:
8363:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8209:
8206:
8199:Anarta tradition
8195:
8194:
8191:
8159:Mehrgarh culture
8149:Bhirrana culture
8145:
8144:
8141:
8140:(10,800–3300 BC)
8107:
8106:
8103:
8093:
8092:
8080:
8066:
8065:
8056:
8049:
8042:
7959:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7916:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7902:Portuguese India
7843:
7842:
7834:
7820:
7819:
7567:
7441:district of the
7425:freedom fighters
7384:Salanga massacre
7258:
7217:, including the
7004:Doji bara famine
6992:Northern Circars
6908:
6898:
6891:
6888:
6882:
6855:
6854:
6847:
6666:
6551:
6491:
6431:
6371:
6311:
6251:
6191:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6103:
6064:
6060:
6027:
6023:
6016:
6012:
5944:, claiming that
5898:The Queen's Own
5824:
5813:, Rajasthan and
5675:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5473:
5469:
5390:governor-general
5369:under Crown rule
5367:viceroy of India
5301:Council of India
5253:(1800–1885) was
5251:Sir Charles Wood
5165:
5136:
5107:
5081:
5052:
5031:Total area in km
5026:
5021:
5020:
4977:
4974:United Provinces
4944:Himachal Pradesh
4925:
4877:
4837:
4809:
4769:
4725:
4681:
4657:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4639:
4598:Queen's Speeches
4522:and position of
4464:Italian campaign
4451:Battle of Imphal
4447:Battle of Kohima
4429:21 February 1947
4412:Battle of Malaya
4067:Creation of the
4059:23 November 1910
4051:
4047:
4044:million Sikhs, 1
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
3981:United Provinces
3955:Emperor of India
3926:Inauguration of
3905:Creation of the
3897:18 November 1905
3736:Earl of Dufferin
3732:10 December 1888
3719:Creation of the
3686:13 December 1884
3670:Richard Strachey
3666:80 million.
3651:Empress of India
3537:Creation of the
3495:20 November 1863
3468:Council of India
3421:Viscount Canning
3401:
3400:
3393:
3381:
3369:
3357:
3307:Jawaharlal Nehru
3239:, and including
3148:
3136:
3125:Liaquat Ali Khan
3113:
3087:
3033:United Provinces
3010:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2934:A. K. Fazlul Huq
2930:Ab'ul Kalam Azad
2922:
2918:
2894:Heinrich Himmler
2876:, leader of the
2862:A. K. Fazlul Huq
2826:
2807:
2784:Ramsay MacDonald
2779:
2761:
2703:Jawaharlal Nehru
2688:Simon Commission
2666:
2663:dead, with 1,100
2662:
2648:Jallianwala Bagh
2621:
2598:
2586:
2565:to a meeting in
2558:
2535:Simon Commission
2496:
2492:
2325:
2306:
2227:cottage industry
2113:
2055:United Provinces
2051:
1940:
1920:
1901:
1878:
1867:Chakwal District
1855:
1822:Anushilan Samiti
1814:Emperor of India
1711:Hakim Ajmal Khan
1707:
1692:
1673:
1548:Tamil magazine,
1545:
1529:
1514:Viceroy of India
1506:
1363:
1348:
1329:Dadabhai Naoroji
1320:
1298:
1263:famines in India
1227:
1217:
1214:
1204:
1184:
1171:The 1909 map of
1168:
1076:Empress of India
1071:
1048:
1032:
1010:
979:
944:Treaty of Amiens
762:Empress of India
700:
689:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
673:
647:
646:
629:
628:
611:
610:
597:
596:
579:
578:
565:
564:
551:
550:
535:
534:
522:
521:
504:
503:
497:
496:
481:
480:
429:
400:Indian Rebellion
324:
155:(1911/1931–1947)
119:
87:
77:
76:
45:
44:
21:
28498:
28497:
28493:
28492:
28491:
28489:
28488:
28487:
28428:
28427:
28426:
28413:
28385:Public holidays
28270:
28216:Life expectancy
28131:
28130:
28103:
28030:
27999:
27904:Pharmaceuticals
27735:
27604:
27544:
27510:COVID-19 impact
27496:
27448:
27378:
27265:
27238:
27217:
27149:
27113:
27055:
26995:
26991:District Courts
26931:
26922:Chief Ministers
26820:
26799:
26749:
26701:
26639:
26613:Western coastal
26608:Eastern coastal
26595:Mountain passes
26528:
26514:Protected areas
26440:
26436:Stones of India
26404:
26372:
26351:
26320:
26306:Space programme
26276:Sino-Indian War
26271:Five-Year Plans
26249:
26144:
26111:
26102:Delhi Sultanate
26068:
26059:Middle kingdoms
26052:Middle Kingdoms
26047:
25979:
25887:
25874:
25871:
25841:
25836:
25798:
25772:
25749:
25704:
25637:
25608:Middle kingdoms
25572:
25563:Stock exchanges
25518:
25495:
25451:Cultural sphere
25417:
25329:
25320:
25199:
25194:
25164:
25155:
25080:princely states
25028:
24964:Kingdom of Fiji
24937:
24683:Austria-Hungary
24651:
24414:
24348:
24147:
24133:Solomon Islands
24047:
24029:
23961:
23876:
23834:
23766:
23712:Democratization
23680:
23624:
23591:
23586:
23556:
23551:
23508:
23481:
23455:
23453:Ross Dependency
23442:
23399:
23384:
23359:
23311:
23296:
23266:
23261:
23217:
23212:Solomon Islands
23159:North Australia
23139:South Australia
23095:New South Wales
23073:
23070:
23033:
22753:Leeward Islands
22557:
22542:
22505:
22412:Muscat and Oman
22229:
22214:
22158:
21904:
21889:
21853:
21797:
21786:
21761:
21753:
21743:
21713:
21708:
21669:Cabinet Mission
21657:
21561:British leaders
21556:
21545:Yogendra Shukla
21450:Siraj ud-Daulah
21405:Rani Lakshmibai
21395:Rajendra Prasad
21385:R. Venkataraman
21330:Mithuben Petit
21310:Mahadaji Shinde
21290:Lala Lajpat Rai
21125:Bahadur Shah II
21110:Ashfaqulla Khan
21080:Accamma Cherian
21075:Abul Kalam Azad
21067:
21061:
21032:Syed Ahmad Khan
21022:Sister Nivedita
20987:Pandita Ramabai
20982:Niralamba Swami
20947:J. B. Kripalani
20872:Ashfaqulla Khan
20864:
20858:
20797:Ghadar Movement
20755:
20636:Flag Satyagraha
20544:Revolutionaries
20526:
20520:
20463:
20457:
20359:Battle of Buxar
20305:
20300:
20207:
20195:
20104:
20102:Further reading
20094:
20076:
19988:History Compass
19864:History Compass
19852:
19834:
19829:
19796:
19624:
19622:
19615:
19504:
19499:
19473:
19471:
19398:
19379:
19323:Wayback Machine
19295:
19277:
19256:
19236:Wayback Machine
19218:
19179:
19161:
19138:
19109:
19079:Kumar, Deepak.
19074:
19009:
18950:
18932:
18841:
18818:
18816:
18793:
18791:
18789:
18734:
18732:
18725:
18689:
18681:, Verso Books,
18665:
18644:
18625:
18606:
18556:(1906) 495 pp.
18552:Buckland, C.E.
18547:
18515:
18513:
18500:Bose, Sudhindra
18483:
18481:
18479:
18453:
18451:
18444:
18421:
18400:
18383:
18378:
18373:
18347:
18312:
18310:
18303:
18279:
18257:
18241:Spear, Percival
18214:
18189:
18154:
18136:Panikkar, K. M.
18103:
18075:
18073:
18066:
18045:
18031:Marshall, P. J.
18002:
17984:
17953:
17890:
17869:
17867:
17860:
17840:
17812:
17790:
17769:
17747:
17731:(2003), 405 pp.
17724:(1934), 996 pp.
17716:
17711:
17706:
17705:
17695:
17693:
17680:
17679:
17675:
17665:
17663:
17642:
17641:
17637:
17627:
17625:
17612:
17611:
17607:
17602:Wayback Machine
17591:Wayback Machine
17582:
17578:
17568:
17566:
17553:
17552:
17548:
17541:
17525:
17518:
17508:
17506:
17491:
17487:
17477:
17475:
17462:
17461:
17457:
17447:
17445:
17432:
17431:
17427:
17417:
17415:
17407:
17406:
17402:
17392:
17390:
17382:
17381:
17377:
17370:
17354:
17350:
17340:
17338:
17330:
17329:
17325:
17316:
17312:
17287:(Book Review).
17281:
17277:
17265:
17261:
17251:
17249:
17236:
17235:
17226:
17217:
17213:
17206:
17192:
17188:
17181:
17163:
17159:
17152:
17144:. p. 120.
17134:
17130:
17123:
17109:
17102:
17095:
17081:
17077:
17070:
17056:
17052:
17045:
17037:. p. 127.
17027:
17023:
17016:
17002:
16998:
16991:
16973:
16969:
16955:
16953:
16942:
16941:
16937:
16930:
16916:
16912:
16901:
16887:
16883:
16876:
16858:
16851:
16844:
16836:. p. 117.
16826:
16822:
16813:
16809:
16801:
16797:
16766:
16762:
16752:
16750:
16746:
16723:
16717:
16713:
16703:
16701:
16694:
16690:
16685:
16681:
16673:
16669:
16659:
16657:
16648:
16647:
16643:
16633:
16631:
16622:
16621:
16617:
16607:
16605:
16592:
16591:
16587:
16573:
16566:
16556:
16554:
16547:
16543:
16529:
16525:
16513:
16506:
16496:
16494:
16481:
16480:
16476:
16466:
16464:
16455:
16454:
16447:
16439:
16435:
16423:
16419:
16412:
16396:
16392:
16381:
16377:
16370:
16354:
16350:
16340:
16338:
16330:
16329:
16325:
16315:
16313:
16304:
16303:
16299:
16289:
16287:
16278:
16277:
16273:
16228:
16224:
16214:
16212:
16211:on 5 March 2012
16203:
16202:
16198:
16188:
16186:
16177:
16176:
16172:
16166:Wayback Machine
16157:
16153:
16143:
16141:
16132:
16131:
16127:
16121:Wayback Machine
16112:
16108:
16102:Wayback Machine
16093:
16089:
16083:Wayback Machine
16074:
16070:
16057:
16053:
16045:
16041:
16033:
16029:
16021:
16017:
16009:
16005:
15997:
15993:
15985:
15981:
15977:, pp. 530.
15973:
15969:
15961:
15957:
15949:
15945:
15937:
15933:
15927:Fieldhouse 1996
15925:
15914:
15906:
15902:
15894:
15890:
15882:
15878:
15868:
15866:
15852:
15848:
15838:
15836:
15824:
15823:
15819:
15809:
15807:
15794:
15790:
15780:
15778:
15766:
15765:
15761:
15751:
15749:
15735:
15731:
15721:
15719:
15707:
15706:
15702:
15692:
15690:
15677:
15673:
15663:
15661:
15647:
15643:
15633:
15631:
15619:
15618:
15614:
15604:
15602:
15588:
15584:
15579:
15575:
15544:
15540:
15525:
15521:
15506:10.2307/3022159
15487:
15483:
15474:
15470:
15454:
15450:
15440:
15438:
15430:10.25336/p6hw3r
15423:(3–4): 248–51.
15409:
15405:
15395:
15393:
15388:
15387:
15383:
15373:
15371:
15355:
15354:
15350:
15340:
15338:
15329:Hickel, Jason.
15327:
15323:
15314:
15310:
15300:
15298:
15294:
15283:
15279:
15278:
15269:
15260:
15256:
15246:
15244:
15231:
15230:
15221:
15214:
15192:Maddison, Angus
15189:
15185:
15177:
15173:
15165:
15161:
15130:
15126:
15119:
15102:
15098:
15090:
15086:
15079:
15060:
15056:
15046:
15044:
15028:10.1.1.629.7369
15015:History Compass
15010:
15003:
14999:
14968:
14964:
14956:
14952:
14947:
14943:
14935:
14931:
14921:
14919:
14918:on 16 July 2008
14902:
14895:
14884:
14883:
14879:
14871:
14867:
14857:
14855:
14842:
14841:
14834:
14825:
14821:
14812:
14808:
14801:
14787:
14783:
14776:
14762:Thorner, Daniel
14759:
14755:
14748:
14734:
14730:
14722:
14715:
14708:
14694:
14690:
14651:
14647:
14640:
14626:
14622:
14614:
14610:
14579:
14575:
14565:
14557:
14555:
14533:
14526:
14521:
14517:
14509:
14505:
14474:
14470:
14463:
14441:Maddison, Angus
14438:
14434:
14426:
14422:
14415:
14401:
14397:
14388:
14384:
14353:
14349:
14341:
14334:
14326:
14322:
14314:
14307:
14299:
14295:
14287:
14280:
14268:
14264:
14256:
14252:
14244:
14240:
14232:
14228:
14220:
14209:
14201:
14197:
14189:
14185:
14177:
14173:
14163:
14161:
14126:
14122:
14077:
14073:
14065:
14058:
14050:
14046:
14035:
14028:
14020:
14013:
13990:
13989:
13985:
13975:
13973:
13966:
13944:
13902:
13898:
13888:
13886:
13877:
13876:
13872:
13867:Wayback Machine
13853:
13849:
13839:
13837:
13826:
13825:
13821:
13816:. R.A. Everett.
13808:
13804:
13795:
13791:
13774:
13770:
13757:
13753:
13744:
13740:
13730:
13728:
13717:
13713:
13696:
13689:
13676:
13672:
13662:
13660:
13651:
13647:
13638:
13634:
13629:
13625:
13615:
13613:
13600:
13599:
13595:
13582:
13580:
13567:
13566:
13562:
13542:
13538:
13532:
13523:
13519:
13509:
13507:
13505:
13483:
13479:
13471:
13467:
13459:
13455:
13447:
13440:
13432:
13428:
13419:
13417:
13415:
13399:
13395:
13387:
13383:
13375:
13371:
13363:
13359:
13351:
13344:
13336:
13332:
13324:
13320:
13312:
13308:
13300:
13296:
13288:
13281:
13254:India Quarterly
13250:
13246:
13237:
13233:
13202:
13198:
13178:
13174:
13167:
13145:
13141:
13134:
13111:
13107:
13099:
13095:
13085:
13083:
13074:
13073:
13069:
13060:
13056:
13046:
13044:
13031:
13030:
13023:
13013:
13011:
12996:
12987:
12975:"Sword For Pen"
12973:
12969:
12954:
12952:
12948:
12917:
12911:
12907:
12899:
12895:
12887:
12883:
12875:
12871:
12832:
12828:
12789:
12785:
12777:
12770:
12759:
12755:
12734:(131): 130–64.
12728:
12724:
12715:
12711:
12703:
12699:
12691:
12682:
12674:
12665:
12657:
12646:
12638:
12634:
12626:
12605:
12597:
12578:
12569:
12565:
12557:
12553:
12545:
12534:
12526:
12515:
12507:
12494:
12486:
12477:
12469:
12460:
12450:
12448:
12444:
12438:LA84 Foundation
12433:
12427:
12423:
12415:
12400:
12391:
12390:
12386:
12378:
12374:
12364:
12362:
12360:
12344:
12337:
12329:
12320:
12312:
12308:
12300:
12289:
12281:
12277:
12269:
12265:
12253:
12249:
12237:
12233:
12228:
12224:
12191:
12187:
12182:
12178:
12169:
12165:
12156:
12152:
12144:
12140:
12129:Helen S. Dyer,
12128:
12124:
12115:
12111:
12103:
12099:
12091:
12087:
12081:Wayback Machine
12067:
12063:
12055:
12048:
12040:
12036:
12029:
12015:
12011:
12003:
11996:
11988:
11981:
11973:
11964:
11956:
11952:
11944:
11940:
11933:
11926:
11914:
11910:
11903:, p. 259,
11899:
11895:
11885:
11883:
11879:
11868:
11864:
11863:
11859:
11851:
11847:
11839:
11835:
11827:
11823:
11815:
11811:
11803:
11799:
11789:
11787:
11783:
11776:
11772:
11766:
11762:
11731:
11727:
11719:
11715:
11707:
11700:
11690:
11688:
11675:
11674:
11670:
11660:
11658:
11645:
11644:
11640:
11630:
11628:
11615:
11614:
11610:
11593:
11592:
11588:
11580:
11576:
11569:
11553:
11549:
11544:
11540:
11533:
11519:
11515:
11505:
11503:
11494:
11490:
11480:Firoz Khan Noon
11464:
11462:
11460:
11441:
11437:
11427:
11425:
11414:
11410:
11403:
11387:
11383:
11370:
11355:
11345:
11332:
11323:
11321:
11314:
11299:
11296:
11292:
11280:
11265:
11253:
11238:
11225:
11223:
11216:
11201:
11188:
11186:
11179:
11164:
11161:
11157:
11148:
11146:
11144:
11142:
11140:
11138:
11127:
11125:
11123:
11107:Lapidus, Ira M.
11105:
11092:
11090:
11083:
11066:
11063:
11059:
11043:
11041:
11034:
11019:
11006:
11004:
10997:
10982:
10979:
10975:
10957:
10948:
10932:
10929:
10925:
10914:
10900:
10896:
10888:
10882:
10868:
10861:
10851:
10837:
10833:
10823:
10809:
10805:
10794:
10780:
10776:
10762:
10760:
10709:
10705:
10692:
10690:
10675:
10674:
10670:
10657:
10655:
10636:
10635:
10631:
10626:
10619:
10602:
10598:
10585:
10581:
10560:
10556:
10547:. Westminster:
10539:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10524:
10507:
10506:
10503:
10502:
10500:
10496:
10487:
10483:
10474:
10470:
10460:Scheduled Caste
10457:
10456:
10438:
10437:
10423:
10422:
10408:
10407:
10393:
10392:
10378:
10377:
10359:
10355:
10346:
10342:
10333:
10329:
10324:
10320:
10315:
10311:
10306:
10302:
10297:
10293:
10287:Princely States
10273:
10269:
10260:
10256:
10240:
10236:
10228:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10157:
10152:
10150:
10145:Pakistan portal
10143:
10138:
10136:
10129:
10124:
10122:
10115:
10110:
10108:
10101:
10072:
10071:
10070:
9965:
9957:
9956:
9955:
9855:
9847:
9846:
9845:
9800:
9792:
9791:
9786:
9785:
9719:
9716:
9714:Colonial states
9706:
9705:
9596:Madurai Kingdom
9569:
9566:
9556:
9555:
9504:Bidar Sultanate
9493:Berar sultanate
9461:Ladakh Kingdom
9451:Gajapati Empire
9431:Garhwal Kingdom
9316:Delhi Sultanate
9289:
9286:
9276:
9275:
9267:
9263:
9245:Chutiya Kingdom
9215:Zamorin Kingdom
9006:
9002:
8994:Maukhari Empire
8984:Chalukya Empire
8975:
8937:Maitraka Empire
8878:
8874:
8857:
8853:
8845:Vakataka Empire
8825:Sasanian Empire
8776:
8719:
8715:
8697:Kuninda Kingdom
8680:
8677:
8675:Middle Kingdoms
8667:
8666:
8657:Parthian Empire
8648:
8644:
8627:
8610:
8593:
8576:
8559:
8555:
8470:
8453:
8364:
8361:
8351:
8350:
8269:
8266:
8256:
8255:
8207:
8192:
8189:
8179:
8178:
8169:Edakkal culture
8142:
8139:
8129:
8128:
8120:Soanian culture
8104:
8101:
8090:
8060:
8013:Princely states
7953:
7949:
7948:
7947:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7837:
7818:
7751:
7749:Cultural impact
7713:
7704:
7692:zenana missions
7581:
7575:
7573:Missionary work
7565:
7491:
7485:
7476:Bombay Province
7453:Takkar massacre
7392:Bengal Province
7388:Raiganj Upazila
7354:
7288:Sir Ronald Ross
7256:
7210:
7208:
7186:
7171:
7156:
7141:
7122:
7107:
7092:
7077:
7062:
7037:
7013:
6973:
6941:
6906:
6905:
6892:
6886:
6883:
6881:to the article.
6872:
6867:, specifically
6856:
6852:
6845:
6839:
6831:Main articles:
6829:
6070:
6059:
6025:
6021:
6014:
6010:
5995:
5979:Main articles:
5977:
5946:Warren Hastings
5933:
5892:
5873:
5867:
5851:Indian Railways
5822:
5793:(GIPR) and the
5750:
5744:
5682:
5673:
5649:
5647:Economic trends
5644:
5634:
5584:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5471:
5244:
5197:
5191:
5189:Princely states
5175:
5164:
5146:
5139:Kodagu district
5135:
5117:
5106:
5091:
5080:
5062:
5051:
5042:
5038:(in thousands)
5037:
5032:
5025:
5016:
5014:Minor provinces
4991:
4990:280,000 km
4976:
4959:
4958:250,000 km
4928:Punjab Province
4924:
4907:
4906:370,000 km
4876:
4859:
4858:270,000 km
4836:
4819:
4818:440,000 km
4808:
4791:
4790:320,000 km
4768:
4751:
4750:390,000 km
4724:
4707:
4706:130,000 km
4680:
4671:
4666:
4656:
4648:
4637:
4634:
4628:
4626:Major provinces
4566:Princely States
4553:
4541:Main articles:
4539:
4518:
4513:
4510:Radcliffe Award
4508:
4495:
4488:
4484:
4471:
4458:
4454:
4441:
4433:Viscount Wavell
4428:
4418:
4406:Indian Army in
4405:
4394:Anglo-Iraqi War
4360:
4359:to India, 1942.
4357:Cripps' mission
4355:
4353:
4345:, and with the
4340:
4330:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4292:
4278:
4276:
4263:
4256:
4248:Earl of Reading
4243:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4208:
4202:
4178:Lord Chelmsford
4173:
4163:
4145:Battle of Tanga
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4118:
4093:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4058:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4003:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3967:
3958:
3945:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3864:
3850:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3800:leased in 1899
3796:
3793:princely states
3779:11 October 1894
3778:
3771:
3766:
3756:
3746:
3741:
3731:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3711:established in
3707:
3705:
3699:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3658:
3645:
3629:
3617:Prince of Wales
3614:
3612:
3606:
3597:Lord Northbrook
3592:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3558:8 February 1872
3557:
3549:Nicobar Islands
3546:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3514:12 January 1869
3513:
3494:
3482:Imperial Police
3479:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3430:
3416:
3397:
3394:
3385:
3382:
3373:
3370:
3361:
3358:
3346:
3195:; far right is
3183:Members of the
3177:
3167:
3160:
3149:
3140:
3137:
3128:
3114:
3105:
3099:Lord Linlithgow
3095:Rajendra Prasad
3088:
3008:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2936:of the leftist
2920:
2916:
2910:Lord Linlithgow
2870:Tiger of Bengal
2864:, known as the
2855:
2837:
2830:
2827:
2818:
2808:
2799:
2780:
2759:
2725:Salt Satyagraha
2677:non-cooperation
2664:
2660:
2640:
2637:
2630:Lala Lajpat Rai
2622:
2613:
2599:
2590:
2587:
2578:
2559:
2549:
2523:
2494:
2490:
2451:Sir Basil Scott
2421:
2415:
2352:Lord Chelmsford
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:Lord Chelmsford
2326:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2296:
2290:
2258:Rajendra Prasad
2135:
2125:
2111:
2049:
1951:founding member
1938:
1934:First World War
1930:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1907:shown with the
1902:
1893:
1879:
1870:
1856:
1846:
1834:
1721:
1718:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1571:Bengal Province
1556:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1507:
1497:
1489:Main articles:
1487:
1451:Pandita Ramabai
1386:dominion status
1377:
1374:
1364:
1355:
1349:
1340:
1321:
1312:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1273:, the earliest
1237:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1196:
1185:
1176:
1173:Indian Railways
1169:
1159:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1063:
1054:founder of the
1049:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1011:
1001:
996:
990:
983:
980:
966:were a British
964:Maldive Islands
873:
845:Summer Olympics
833:founding member
735:princely states
687:
670:
666:
644:
638:
626:
620:
608:
594:
589:Colony of Burma
588:
576:
562:
548:
542:
519:
511:
501:
462:
443:
430:
425:
415:
402:
361:
349:
320:
317:
309:Charles Canning
305:
275:
263:
251:
239:
227:
186:
154:
150:
148:
135:Princely States
122:
110:
107:Princely states
78:
70:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
28496:
28486:
28485:
28480:
28475:
28470:
28465:
28460:
28455:
28450:
28445:
28440:
28423:
28422:
28419:
28418:
28415:
28414:
28412:
28411:
28410:
28409:
28399:
28398:
28397:
28387:
28382:
28377:
28372:
28367:
28362:
28361:
28360:
28350:
28345:
28340:
28335:
28330:
28325:
28324:
28323:
28313:
28312:
28311:
28301:
28296:
28291:
28286:
28280:
28278:
28272:
28271:
28269:
28268:
28263:
28258:
28253:
28248:
28243:
28238:
28233:
28228:
28223:
28218:
28213:
28208:
28203:
28198:
28197:
28196:
28191:
28186:
28181:
28171:
28170:
28169:
28159:
28154:
28149:
28143:
28141:
28133:
28132:
28129:
28128:
28121:
28113:
28112:
28109:
28108:
28105:
28104:
28102:
28101:
28096:
28091:
28086:
28081:
28076:
28074:Income Tax Act
28071:
28066:
28061:
28056:
28051:
28050:
28049:
28038:
28036:
28032:
28031:
28029:
28028:
28023:
28018:
28013:
28007:
28005:
28001:
28000:
27998:
27997:
27996:
27995:
27990:
27985:
27980:
27975:
27970:
27965:
27964:
27963:
27948:
27943:
27938:
27933:
27928:
27927:
27926:
27916:
27911:
27909:Pulp and paper
27906:
27901:
27900:
27899:
27897:Iron and Steel
27894:
27884:
27883:
27882:
27877:
27872:
27867:
27857:
27852:
27851:
27850:
27840:
27835:
27830:
27825:
27820:
27819:
27818:
27817:
27816:
27811:
27806:
27801:
27786:
27781:
27776:
27771:
27766:
27761:
27760:
27759:
27754:
27743:
27741:
27737:
27736:
27734:
27733:
27728:
27723:
27718:
27713:
27708:
27703:
27698:
27693:
27688:
27683:
27681:Madhya Pradesh
27678:
27673:
27668:
27663:
27658:
27653:
27648:
27643:
27638:
27633:
27628:
27623:
27618:
27616:Andhra Pradesh
27612:
27610:
27606:
27605:
27603:
27602:
27601:
27600:
27595:
27590:
27580:
27575:
27574:
27573:
27563:
27558:
27552:
27550:
27546:
27545:
27543:
27542:
27537:
27532:
27527:
27522:
27520:Liberalisation
27517:
27512:
27506:
27504:
27498:
27497:
27495:
27494:
27493:
27492:
27487:
27477:
27472:
27467:
27462:
27456:
27454:
27450:
27449:
27447:
27446:
27441:
27440:
27439:
27434:
27424:
27423:
27422:
27417:
27412:
27407:
27402:
27397:
27386:
27384:
27380:
27379:
27377:
27376:
27371:
27366:
27361:
27356:
27351:
27346:
27341:
27336:
27331:
27326:
27321:
27316:
27311:
27306:
27301:
27296:
27291:
27286:
27285:
27284:
27273:
27271:
27267:
27266:
27264:
27263:
27258:
27252:
27250:
27240:
27239:
27227:
27226:
27223:
27222:
27219:
27218:
27216:
27215:
27210:
27205:
27200:
27195:
27190:
27185:
27180:
27175:
27170:
27165:
27159:
27157:
27151:
27150:
27148:
27147:
27142:
27137:
27131:
27129:
27123:
27122:
27119:
27118:
27115:
27114:
27112:
27111:
27106:
27101:
27096:
27091:
27086:
27081:
27076:
27071:
27065:
27063:
27057:
27056:
27054:
27053:
27048:
27043:
27038:
27033:
27028:
27023:
27018:
27012:
27010:
27003:
26997:
26996:
26994:
26993:
26988:
26983:
26978:
26973:
26972:
26971:
26961:
26956:
26951:
26945:
26939:
26933:
26932:
26930:
26929:
26924:
26919:
26914:
26913:
26912:
26907:
26897:
26892:
26890:Civil Services
26887:
26882:
26880:Prime Minister
26877:
26875:Vice President
26872:
26867:
26866:
26865:
26860:
26850:
26845:
26840:
26834:
26832:
26822:
26821:
26809:
26808:
26805:
26804:
26801:
26800:
26798:
26797:
26792:
26787:
26782:
26777:
26771:Nature worship
26768:
26763:
26757:
26755:
26751:
26750:
26748:
26747:
26742:
26740:Municipalities
26737:
26732:
26727:
26722:
26717:
26711:
26709:
26703:
26702:
26700:
26699:
26694:
26693:
26692:
26687:
26677:
26672:
26671:
26670:
26660:
26655:
26649:
26647:
26641:
26640:
26638:
26637:
26632:
26627:
26622:
26617:
26616:
26615:
26610:
26605:
26597:
26592:
26587:
26582:
26577:
26572:
26567:
26565:Extreme points
26562:
26557:
26552:
26547:
26542:
26536:
26534:
26530:
26529:
26527:
26526:
26521:
26516:
26511:
26509:National parks
26506:
26501:
26496:
26491:
26486:
26481:
26476:
26471:
26469:Climate change
26466:
26461:
26456:
26450:
26448:
26442:
26441:
26439:
26438:
26433:
26428:
26423:
26418:
26412:
26410:
26406:
26405:
26403:
26402:
26397:
26392:
26386:
26384:
26374:
26373:
26361:
26360:
26357:
26356:
26353:
26352:
26350:
26349:
26344:
26339:
26334:
26328:
26326:
26322:
26321:
26319:
26318:
26313:
26308:
26303:
26301:Smiling Buddha
26298:
26293:
26288:
26283:
26278:
26273:
26268:
26263:
26257:
26255:
26251:
26250:
26248:
26247:
26242:
26237:
26232:
26227:
26222:
26217:
26212:
26207:
26206:
26205:
26195:
26190:
26185:
26180:
26178:1857 rebellion
26175:
26170:
26165:
26163:Princely state
26160:
26154:
26152:
26146:
26145:
26143:
26142:
26137:
26135:European trade
26132:
26127:
26121:
26119:
26113:
26112:
26110:
26109:
26104:
26099:
26094:
26089:
26084:
26082:Medieval India
26078:
26076:
26070:
26069:
26067:
26066:
26061:
26055:
26053:
26049:
26048:
26046:
26045:
26040:
26035:
26030:
26025:
26020:
26018:Yavana Kingdom
26015:
26010:
26005:
26000:
25995:
25989:
25987:
25981:
25980:
25978:
25977:
25972:
25967:
25965:Paper currency
25962:
25957:
25952:
25947:
25942:
25937:
25932:
25927:
25922:
25917:
25911:
25910:
25905:
25899:
25897:
25889:
25888:
25876:
25875:
25870:
25869:
25862:
25855:
25847:
25838:
25837:
25835:
25834:
25829:
25824:
25819:
25814:
25808:
25806:
25800:
25799:
25797:
25796:
25791:
25786:
25780:
25778:
25774:
25773:
25771:
25770:
25765:
25759:
25757:
25751:
25750:
25748:
25747:
25746:
25745:
25735:
25730:
25725:
25720:
25714:
25712:
25706:
25705:
25703:
25702:
25701:
25700:
25695:
25690:
25680:
25675:
25674:
25673:
25668:
25663:
25658:
25647:
25645:
25639:
25638:
25636:
25635:
25630:
25625:
25620:
25615:
25610:
25605:
25600:
25595:
25594:
25593:
25582:
25580:
25574:
25573:
25571:
25570:
25565:
25560:
25559:
25558:
25553:
25548:
25538:
25532:
25530:
25520:
25519:
25517:
25516:
25514:Climate change
25511:
25505:
25503:
25497:
25496:
25494:
25493:
25488:
25483:
25478:
25473:
25468:
25463:
25458:
25453:
25448:
25443:
25438:
25433:
25427:
25425:
25419:
25418:
25416:
25415:
25410:
25409:
25408:
25403:
25398:
25393:
25385:
25380:
25375:
25370:
25365:
25360:
25355:
25350:
25345:
25339:
25337:
25331:
25330:
25323:
25321:
25319:
25318:
25313:
25312:
25311:
25306:
25301:
25296:
25286:
25281:
25280:
25279:
25269:
25264:
25259:
25258:
25257:
25252:
25247:
25242:
25241:
25240:
25225:
25220:
25215:
25209:
25207:
25201:
25200:
25193:
25192:
25185:
25178:
25170:
25161:
25160:
25157:
25156:
25154:
25153:
25148:
25143:
25138:
25133:
25128:
25123:
25118:
25113:
25108:
25103:
25098:
25093:
25084:
25068:
25063:
25058:
25053:
25048:
25042:
25036:
25034:
25030:
25029:
25027:
25026:
25021:
25016:
25011:
25006:
25001:
24996:
24991:
24986:
24981:
24976:
24971:
24966:
24961:
24956:
24951:
24945:
24943:
24939:
24938:
24936:
24935:
24930:
24925:
24920:
24915:
24910:
24905:
24900:
24895:
24890:
24885:
24880:
24875:
24870:
24865:
24860:
24855:
24850:
24845:
24840:
24838:Ottoman Empire
24835:
24830:
24825:
24820:
24815:
24810:
24805:
24800:
24798:Kartli-Kakheti
24795:
24790:
24785:
24780:
24775:
24770:
24765:
24760:
24755:
24750:
24745:
24740:
24735:
24730:
24725:
24720:
24715:
24710:
24705:
24700:
24695:
24690:
24685:
24680:
24675:
24670:
24665:
24659:
24657:
24653:
24652:
24650:
24649:
24637:
24632:
24627:
24622:
24617:
24612:
24607:
24602:
24597:
24592:
24587:
24580:
24575:
24570:
24565:
24560:
24555:
24550:
24545:
24540:
24535:
24530:
24525:
24520:
24515:
24510:
24505:
24500:
24495:
24490:
24480:
24473:
24468:
24463:
24458:
24453:
24448:
24443:
24438:
24433:
24428:
24422:
24420:
24416:
24415:
24413:
24412:
24407:
24402:
24397:
24392:
24387:
24382:
24377:
24372:
24367:
24362:
24356:
24354:
24350:
24349:
24347:
24346:
24339:
24334:
24329:
24324:
24319:
24314:
24309:
24304:
24299:
24294:
24289:
24284:
24279:
24274:
24269:
24264:
24259:
24254:
24249:
24244:
24239:
24234:
24229:
24224:
24219:
24214:
24209:
24207:Central Africa
24204:
24199:
24194:
24189:
24184:
24179:
24174:
24168:
24166:
24159:
24153:
24152:
24149:
24148:
24146:
24145:
24143:United Kingdom
24140:
24135:
24130:
24125:
24120:
24115:
24110:
24109:
24108:
24103:
24093:
24088:
24083:
24078:
24073:
24068:
24063:
24057:
24055:
24049:
24048:
24046:
24045:
24039:
24037:
24031:
24030:
24028:
24027:
24022:
24017:
24012:
24007:
24002:
23997:
23992:
23987:
23982:
23977:
23971:
23969:
23963:
23962:
23960:
23959:
23952:
23947:
23942:
23937:
23932:
23927:
23922:
23917:
23912:
23907:
23902:
23897:
23892:
23886:
23884:
23878:
23877:
23875:
23874:
23867:
23862:
23857:
23851:
23849:
23840:
23836:
23835:
23833:
23832:
23827:
23822:
23817:
23812:
23807:
23802:
23800:Prince regnant
23797:
23796:
23795:
23785:
23780:
23774:
23772:
23768:
23767:
23765:
23764:
23759:
23754:
23749:
23744:
23739:
23734:
23729:
23724:
23719:
23717:Decolonization
23714:
23709:
23704:
23699:
23694:
23688:
23686:
23682:
23681:
23679:
23678:
23673:
23671:Personal union
23668:
23663:
23658:
23653:
23648:
23643:
23641:Constitutional
23638:
23632:
23630:
23626:
23625:
23623:
23622:
23617:
23612:
23607:
23602:
23596:
23593:
23592:
23585:
23584:
23577:
23570:
23562:
23553:
23552:
23550:
23549:
23539:
23529:
23523:
23517:
23514:
23513:
23510:
23509:
23507:
23506:
23503:
23496:
23486:
23483:
23482:
23480:
23479:
23471:
23463:
23450:
23437:
23429:
23421:
23413:
23404:
23401:
23400:
23390:
23389:
23386:
23385:
23383:
23382:
23375:
23364:
23361:
23360:
23358:
23357:
23349:
23341:
23335:
23329:
23326:Willoughbyland
23323:
23316:
23313:
23312:
23302:
23301:
23298:
23297:
23295:
23294:
23284:
23278:
23271:
23268:
23267:
23263:
23262:
23260:
23259:
23253:
23247:
23240:
23233:
23227:
23220:
23218:
23216:
23215:
23208:
23202:
23196:
23186:
23180:
23174:
23168:
23162:
23156:
23150:
23142:
23136:
23126:
23120:
23114:
23108:
23098:
23091:
23088:
23087:
23084:
23078:
23075:
23074:
23069:
23068:
23061:
23054:
23046:
23039:
23038:
23035:
23034:
23032:
23031:
23025:
23019:
23018:
23017:
23005:
22999:
22993:
22989:Virgin Islands
22985:
22979:
22971:
22965:
22959:
22956:South Carolina
22953:
22947:
22940:
22933:
22926:
22920:
22914:
22908:
22902:
22892:
22886:
22880:
22874:
22868:
22862:
22856:
22853:North Carolina
22850:
22844:
22838:
22832:
22826:
22820:
22814:
22808:
22802:
22796:
22790:
22787:Mosquito Coast
22784:
22776:
22770:
22769:
22768:
22756:
22750:
22743:
22737:
22731:
22725:
22719:
22716:Oregon Country
22709:
22705:Cayman Islands
22701:
22695:
22694:
22693:
22687:
22681:
22675:
22663:
22656:
22650:
22644:
22638:
22637:
22636:
22625:
22619:
22611:
22604:
22598:
22592:
22585:
22578:
22571:
22562:
22559:
22558:
22548:
22547:
22544:
22543:
22541:
22540:
22534:
22525:
22510:
22507:
22506:
22504:
22503:
22497:
22494:Trucial States
22491:
22485:
22479:
22473:
22467:
22466:
22465:
22453:
22447:
22441:
22435:
22429:
22428:
22427:
22415:
22409:
22403:
22397:
22391:
22390:
22389:
22383:
22377:
22371:
22359:
22353:
22347:
22341:
22335:
22329:
22323:
22317:
22311:
22305:
22289:
22283:
22277:
22271:
22261:
22255:
22254:
22253:
22241:
22234:
22231:
22230:
22220:
22219:
22216:
22215:
22213:
22212:
22206:
22187:Self-governing
22184:
22170:
22163:
22160:
22159:
22157:
22156:
22150:
22144:
22138:
22130:
22124:
22118:
22112:
22106:
22100:
22094:
22088:
22082:
22076:
22070:
22064:
22056:
22050:
22044:
22038:
22032:
22026:
22020:
22014:
22008:
22002:
21996:
21990:
21980:
21974:
21968:
21962:
21959:Central Africa
21956:
21950:
21944:
21938:
21928:
21918:
21909:
21906:
21905:
21895:
21894:
21891:
21890:
21888:
21887:
21881:
21880:
21879:
21873:
21864:
21863:
21862:
21847:
21844:Ionian Islands
21841:
21835:
21827:
21821:
21815:
21802:
21799:
21798:
21788:
21787:
21785:
21784:
21778:
21772:
21767:
21764:
21758:
21755:
21754:
21747:British Empire
21742:
21741:
21734:
21727:
21719:
21710:
21709:
21707:
21706:
21701:
21696:
21691:
21686:
21681:
21676:
21671:
21665:
21663:
21659:
21658:
21656:
21655:
21650:
21645:
21640:
21635:
21630:
21625:
21620:
21615:
21610:
21605:
21600:
21595:
21590:
21585:
21580:
21575:
21570:
21564:
21562:
21558:
21557:
21555:
21554:
21547:
21542:
21537:
21532:
21527:
21522:
21517:
21512:
21507:
21502:
21497:
21492:
21487:
21485:Tarak Nath Das
21482:
21477:
21472:
21467:
21462:
21457:
21452:
21447:
21442:
21437:
21435:Shuja-ud-Daula
21432:
21427:
21425:Sarojini Naidu
21422:
21417:
21412:
21407:
21402:
21397:
21392:
21387:
21382:
21377:
21372:
21370:Prafulla Chaki
21367:
21362:
21357:
21352:
21347:
21342:
21337:
21332:
21327:
21322:
21317:
21315:Mahatma Gandhi
21312:
21307:
21302:
21297:
21292:
21287:
21282:
21277:
21272:
21267:
21262:
21257:
21252:
21247:
21242:
21237:
21232:
21227:
21222:
21217:
21212:
21207:
21202:
21197:
21192:
21187:
21182:
21177:
21172:
21167:
21162:
21157:
21152:
21147:
21142:
21137:
21132:
21127:
21122:
21117:
21112:
21107:
21102:
21097:
21092:
21087:
21082:
21077:
21071:
21069:
21063:
21062:
21060:
21059:
21054:
21049:
21044:
21039:
21037:Vakkom Moulavi
21034:
21029:
21024:
21019:
21014:
21009:
21004:
20999:
20994:
20989:
20984:
20979:
20974:
20969:
20967:Mahatma Gandhi
20964:
20959:
20954:
20952:Jyotirao Phule
20949:
20944:
20939:
20934:
20929:
20924:
20919:
20914:
20909:
20904:
20899:
20894:
20892:B. R. Ambedkar
20889:
20884:
20882:Ayya Vaikundar
20879:
20874:
20868:
20866:
20860:
20859:
20857:
20856:
20849:
20844:
20839:
20834:
20829:
20824:
20819:
20814:
20809:
20804:
20799:
20794:
20789:
20784:
20779:
20774:
20769:
20763:
20761:
20757:
20756:
20754:
20753:
20748:
20743:
20738:
20733:
20728:
20723:
20718:
20713:
20711:Cripps Mission
20708:
20703:
20698:
20693:
20688:
20683:
20678:
20673:
20668:
20663:
20658:
20653:
20648:
20643:
20638:
20633:
20628:
20623:
20618:
20613:
20608:
20603:
20601:Noakhali riots
20598:
20593:
20588:
20583:
20578:
20573:
20568:
20563:
20556:
20551:
20546:
20541:
20536:
20530:
20528:
20522:
20521:
20519:
20518:
20513:
20508:
20503:
20498:
20493:
20488:
20483:
20478:
20473:
20467:
20465:
20464:and ideologies
20459:
20458:
20456:
20455:
20448:
20446:Radcliffe Line
20443:
20438:
20433:
20428:
20423:
20421:Vellore Mutiny
20418:
20413:
20412:
20411:
20406:
20401:
20396:
20388:
20387:
20386:
20381:
20376:
20371:
20361:
20356:
20351:
20346:
20341:
20336:
20331:
20326:
20321:
20315:
20313:
20307:
20306:
20299:
20298:
20291:
20284:
20276:
20270:
20269:
20268:
20267:
20262:
20257:
20244:
20238:
20230:
20224:
20222:online edition
20215:
20205:
20194:
20191:
20190:
20189:
20177:
20174:
20168:
20158:
20146:at Wiktionary
20103:
20100:
20099:
20098:
20092:
20075:
20072:
20071:
20070:
20062:
20055:
20048:Historiography
20044:
20026:(3): 315–329.
20015:
20004:
19983:
19976:
19973:
19966:
19959:
19952:
19945:
19938:
19920:(3): 331–332.
19909:
19880:
19870:(2): 363–375.
19859:
19856:
19850:
19833:
19830:
19828:
19827:
19810:(4): 337–380,
19799:
19794:
19781:
19753:
19746:
19739:
19714:(3): 593–622,
19703:
19696:
19677:(3): 109–130,
19666:
19648:(3): 535–551.
19637:
19630:
19613:
19598:
19593:Hyam, Ronald.
19591:
19584:
19570:
19563:
19538:(3): 521–545,
19527:
19520:
19513:
19508:Anstey, Vera.
19505:
19503:
19500:
19498:
19497:
19487:
19480:
19455:
19448:
19409:
19402:
19396:
19383:
19377:
19364:
19335:
19325:
19308:
19298:
19293:
19280:
19275:
19259:
19254:
19238:
19221:
19216:
19203:
19189:
19182:
19177:
19164:
19159:
19141:
19136:
19120:
19113:
19107:
19091:
19084:
19077:
19072:
19059:
19034:(3): 545–580,
19023:
19014:Khan, Yasmin.
19012:
19007:
18992:
18985:
18972:
18962:
18953:
18948:
18935:
18930:
18914:
18886:
18845:
18839:
18824:
18806:
18799:
18787:
18772:
18765:
18755:
18740:
18723:
18706:
18699:
18694:Dewey, Clive.
18692:
18687:
18669:
18663:
18648:
18642:
18629:
18623:
18610:
18604:
18588:
18571:(3): 780–819,
18560:
18550:
18545:
18532:
18525:
18521:
18496:
18489:
18477:
18459:
18442:
18424:
18419:
18403:
18398:
18384:
18382:
18379:
18377:
18376:
18371:
18358:
18351:
18345:
18329:
18319:
18301:
18283:
18277:
18261:
18255:
18237:
18227:
18225:Percival Spear
18217:
18212:
18192:
18187:
18172:
18165:
18158:
18152:
18139:
18133:
18131:on 24 May 2024
18116:
18109:Moon, Penderel
18106:
18101:
18081:
18064:
18049:
18043:
18027:
18020:
18013:
18005:
18000:
17987:
17982:
17964:
17957:
17951:
17938:
17931:
17924:
17910:
17900:
17893:
17888:
17875:
17858:
17843:
17838:
17816:
17810:
17794:
17788:
17773:
17767:
17751:
17745:
17732:
17725:
17717:
17715:
17712:
17710:
17707:
17704:
17703:
17673:
17635:
17605:
17576:
17546:
17539:
17516:
17485:
17455:
17425:
17400:
17375:
17368:
17348:
17323:
17310:
17275:
17259:
17224:
17211:
17204:
17186:
17179:
17173:. p. 60.
17157:
17150:
17128:
17121:
17100:
17093:
17075:
17068:
17050:
17043:
17021:
17014:
16996:
16989:
16983:. p. 93.
16967:
16935:
16929:978-8184753967
16928:
16910:
16899:
16881:
16874:
16849:
16842:
16820:
16807:
16795:
16760:
16711:
16688:
16679:
16667:
16641:
16615:
16585:
16564:
16541:
16536:The Daily Star
16523:
16519:The Daily Star
16504:
16474:
16445:
16443:, p. 169.
16433:
16417:
16411:978-0956554949
16410:
16390:
16375:
16368:
16348:
16323:
16297:
16271:
16222:
16196:
16170:
16151:
16125:
16106:
16087:
16068:
16051:
16039:
16027:
16015:
16003:
15991:
15989:, p. 531.
15979:
15967:
15955:
15953:, p. 488.
15943:
15941:, p. 529.
15931:
15929:, p. 132.
15912:
15900:
15888:
15886:, p. 528.
15876:
15846:
15817:
15788:
15759:
15729:
15700:
15671:
15641:
15612:
15582:
15573:
15538:
15519:
15490:Kingsley Davis
15481:
15468:
15465:978-8176466387
15448:
15403:
15381:
15348:
15321:
15308:
15267:
15254:
15219:
15212:
15183:
15171:
15167:Tomlinson 1993
15159:
15124:
15117:
15096:
15084:
15077:
15063:Gilmour, David
15054:
14997:
14962:
14950:
14941:
14929:
14893:
14877:
14865:
14832:
14819:
14806:
14799:
14781:
14774:
14753:
14746:
14728:
14713:
14706:
14688:
14645:
14638:
14620:
14608:
14573:
14524:
14515:
14503:
14468:
14461:
14432:
14428:Tomlinson 1975
14420:
14413:
14395:
14382:
14347:
14343:Steinberg 1947
14332:
14328:Steinberg 1947
14320:
14316:Steinberg 1947
14305:
14301:Steinberg 1947
14293:
14289:Steinberg 1947
14278:
14272:, p. 72,
14262:
14250:
14238:
14226:
14224:, pp. 426
14207:
14195:
14193:, pp. 424
14183:
14171:
14120:
14071:
14067:Markovits 2004
14056:
14044:
14026:
14011:
13983:
13964:
13942:
13896:
13870:
13858:(1910) vol. 7
13847:
13819:
13802:
13789:
13768:
13751:
13738:
13711:
13687:
13670:
13645:
13632:
13623:
13593:
13560:
13536:
13517:
13503:
13477:
13465:
13453:
13438:
13436:, p. 345.
13426:
13413:
13393:
13381:
13379:, p. 427.
13369:
13357:
13342:
13340:, p. 313.
13330:
13328:, p. 297.
13318:
13306:
13294:
13279:
13244:
13231:
13212:(2): 497–529.
13196:
13172:
13165:
13139:
13132:
13105:
13093:
13067:
13054:
13021:
12985:
12967:
12905:
12893:
12891:, p. 394.
12881:
12869:
12842:(3): 493–518.
12826:
12783:
12779:Markovits 2004
12768:
12753:
12722:
12709:
12697:
12680:
12663:
12644:
12632:
12603:
12576:
12563:
12551:
12532:
12513:
12492:
12475:
12458:
12421:
12398:
12384:
12372:
12358:
12335:
12318:
12306:
12287:
12275:
12263:
12247:
12231:
12222:
12185:
12176:
12163:
12150:
12138:
12122:
12109:
12097:
12085:
12061:
12046:
12034:
12027:
12009:
11994:
11992:, p. 126.
11979:
11962:
11950:
11938:
11935:Oldenburg 2007
11924:
11916:Oldenburg 2007
11908:
11905:Oldenburg 2007
11893:
11857:
11845:
11833:
11821:
11809:
11797:
11760:
11725:
11713:
11698:
11668:
11638:
11608:
11586:
11574:
11567:
11547:
11538:
11531:
11513:
11488:
11458:
11435:
11408:
11401:
11381:
11379:
11378:
11368:
11353:
11343:
11335:Wilkie Collins
11330:
11312:
11290:
11288:
11287:
11278:
11263:
11251:
11236:
11214:
11199:
11177:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11121:
11103:
11081:
11057:
11055:
11054:
11032:
11017:
10995:
10973:
10971:
10970:
10955:
10946:
10923:
10912:
10894:
10880:
10859:
10849:
10831:
10821:
10803:
10792:
10774:
10723:(4): 665–682.
10703:
10668:
10629:
10617:
10614:. p. 251.
10596:
10579:
10574:Times of India
10554:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10523:
10522:
10494:
10481:
10468:
10353:
10340:
10327:
10318:
10309:
10300:
10291:
10279:summer capital
10267:
10254:
10234:
10221:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10175:
10170:
10168:Colonial India
10164:
10163:
10162:
10148:
10134:
10120:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10099:
10092:
10085:
10077:
10074:
10073:
10069:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9967:
9966:
9963:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9954:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9853:
9852:
9849:
9848:
9844:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9802:
9801:
9798:
9797:
9794:
9793:
9788:
9787:
9782:
9781:
9778:
9772:
9771:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9758:
9752:
9751:
9748:
9742:
9741:
9738:
9732:
9731:
9728:
9720:
9712:
9711:
9708:
9707:
9702:
9701:
9698:
9692:
9691:
9688:
9682:
9681:
9678:
9672:
9671:
9668:
9666:Maratha Empire
9662:
9661:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9648:
9646:Sikkim Kingdom
9642:
9641:
9638:
9636:Marava Kingdom
9632:
9631:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9612:
9611:
9608:
9602:
9601:
9598:
9592:
9591:
9588:
9582:
9581:
9578:
9570:
9562:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9551:
9548:
9542:
9541:
9538:
9536:Keladi Kingdom
9532:
9531:
9528:
9521:
9520:
9517:
9510:
9509:
9506:
9499:
9498:
9495:
9488:
9487:
9484:
9477:
9476:
9473:
9467:
9466:
9463:
9457:
9456:
9453:
9447:
9446:
9443:
9441:Mysore Kingdom
9437:
9436:
9433:
9427:
9426:
9423:
9417:
9416:
9413:
9407:
9406:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9393:
9387:
9386:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9373:
9371:Lodi Sultanate
9366:
9365:
9362:
9355:
9354:
9351:
9344:
9343:
9340:
9333:
9332:
9329:
9322:
9321:
9318:
9312:
9311:
9308:
9306:Ghurid Dynasty
9302:
9301:
9298:
9290:
9282:
9281:
9278:
9277:
9272:
9271:
9257:
9251:
9250:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9227:
9221:
9220:
9217:
9211:
9210:
9207:
9201:
9200:
9197:
9191:
9190:
9187:
9181:
9180:
9177:
9175:Hoysala Empire
9171:
9170:
9167:
9165:Lohara Kingdom
9161:
9160:
9157:
9151:
9150:
9147:
9141:
9140:
9137:
9131:
9130:
9127:
9121:
9120:
9117:
9111:
9110:
9107:
9101:
9100:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9087:
9081:
9080:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9067:
9061:
9060:
9057:
9051:
9050:
9047:
9041:
9040:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9027:
9025:Tibetan Empire
9021:
9020:
9017:
9011:
9010:
8996:
8990:
8989:
8986:
8980:
8979:
8969:
8963:
8962:
8959:
8953:
8952:
8949:
8943:
8942:
8939:
8933:
8932:
8929:
8923:
8922:
8919:
8913:
8912:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8899:
8897:Kadamba Empire
8893:
8892:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8847:
8841:
8840:
8837:
8831:
8830:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8817:
8811:
8810:
8807:
8801:
8800:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8770:
8764:
8763:
8760:
8754:
8753:
8750:
8744:
8743:
8740:
8734:
8733:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8709:
8703:
8702:
8699:
8693:
8692:
8689:
8681:
8673:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8663:
8662:
8659:
8653:
8652:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8621:
8619:Pallava Empire
8615:
8614:
8604:
8598:
8597:
8587:
8581:
8580:
8570:
8564:
8563:
8549:
8543:
8542:
8539:
8537:Seleucid India
8533:
8532:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8499:
8493:
8492:
8489:
8485:
8484:
8481:
8475:
8474:
8464:
8462:Maha Janapadas
8458:
8457:
8447:
8441:
8440:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8427:
8421:
8420:
8417:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8399:
8398:
8397:(1300–1000 BC)
8395:
8388:
8387:
8384:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8365:
8357:
8356:
8353:
8352:
8347:
8346:
8343:
8336:
8335:
8334:(2000–1600 BC)
8332:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8313:(1900–1300 BC)
8311:
8304:
8303:
8302:(2600–1900 BC)
8300:
8293:
8292:
8291:(3300–2600 BC)
8289:
8282:
8281:
8280:(3300–1300 BC)
8278:
8270:
8267:(3300–1300 BC)
8262:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8251:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8240:(1600–1300 BC)
8238:
8232:
8231:
8228:
8222:
8221:
8220:(3000–1500 BC)
8218:
8212:
8211:
8201:
8193:
8190:(3500–1500 BC)
8185:
8184:
8181:
8180:
8175:
8174:
8173:(5000–3000 BC)
8171:
8165:
8164:
8163:(7000–3300 BC)
8161:
8155:
8154:
8153:(7570–6200 BC)
8151:
8143:
8135:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8105:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8073:
8072:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8051:
8044:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7995:
7989:
7988:
7985:
7979:
7978:
7975:
7969:
7968:
7965:
7955:
7954:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7926:
7925:
7922:
7912:
7911:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7889:
7883:
7882:
7879:
7873:
7872:
7869:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7847:Austrian India
7839:
7838:
7835:
7827:
7826:
7824:Colonial India
7817:
7814:
7795:(particularly
7793:British sports
7750:
7747:
7712:
7709:
7703:
7700:
7574:
7571:
7487:Main article:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7465:
7450:
7428:
7403:
7381:
7370:
7353:
7350:
7342:Deccan College
7273:microbiologist
7205:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7064:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7048:
7047:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7000:
6999:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:Chalisa famine
6960:
6959:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6928:
6927:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6900:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6859:
6857:
6850:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6667:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6485:Zoroastrianism
6481:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6053:
5976:
5973:
5961:P. J. Marshall
5932:
5929:
5891:
5888:
5869:Main article:
5866:
5863:
5858:British Empire
5815:Andhra Pradesh
5806:Lord Dalhousie
5746:Main article:
5743:
5740:
5681:
5678:
5661:Queen Victoria
5648:
5645:
5633:
5630:
5583:
5580:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5515:Communications
5513:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5378:Lord Salisbury
5365:and the first
5293:
5292:
5289:
5282:
5269:Following the
5243:
5240:
5195:Princely state
5193:Main article:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5158:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5143:
5133:Coorg Province
5129:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5114:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5088:
5074:
5073:
5067:
5064:
5059:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5015:
5012:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4993:
4988:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4956:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4880:Andhra Pradesh
4870:
4869:
4864:
4861:
4856:
4840:Madhya Pradesh
4830:
4829:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4793:
4788:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4748:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4709:
4704:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4660:
4630:Main article:
4627:
4624:
4547:Princely state
4538:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4517:, August 1947
4512:, August 1947
4502:
4497:
4496:15 August 1947
4491:
4490:
4481:Clement Attlee
4435:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4420:Burma campaign
4337:
4332:
4331:1 October 1943
4326:
4325:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4102:Visit of King
4100:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4053:
3934:Queen Victoria
3903:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3886:Bubonic plague
3872:Tirah campaign
3857:
3852:
3851:6 January 1899
3846:
3845:
3824:The Great Game
3822:High point of
3814:princely state
3812:Revolution in
3806:, opening the
3785:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3755:in full play.
3753:The Great Game
3738:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3647:Queen Victoria
3636:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3623:, in 1875–76.
3609:a child prince
3599:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3476:paper currency
3423:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3311:prime minister
3191:. Far left is
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3131:
3129:
3115:
3108:
3106:
3091:Mahatma Gandhi
3089:
3082:
3076:Burma Campaign
3072:U-Go offensive
3017:Cripps mission
2942:Fazl-i-Hussain
2849:Cripps Mission
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2792:B. R. Ambedkar
2781:
2774:
2767:1937 elections
2639:
2638:
2623:
2616:
2614:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2522:
2519:
2443:Sidney Rowlatt
2428:Sidney Rowlatt
2414:
2411:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2308:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2289:
2286:
2217:untouchability
2142:Mahatma Gandhi
2124:
2121:
2022:Turkish Sultan
1929:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1865:, hailed from
1863:Victoria Cross
1857:
1850:
1847:
1833:
1830:
1739:Lord Kitchener
1720:
1719:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1596:Following the
1555:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1486:
1479:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1333:W. C. Bonerjee
1322:
1315:
1313:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1254:infrastructure
1236:
1235:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1126:Lord Dalhousie
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1037:Queen Victoria
1034:
1027:
1025:
1012:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
992:Main article:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
974:
913:Trucial States
872:
869:
837:United Nations
788:). Later, the
774:Union of India
758:Queen Victoria
723:United Kingdom
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
641:
631:
630:
623:
613:
612:
605:
603:Colony of Aden
599:
598:
591:
581:
580:
573:
567:
566:
559:
553:
552:
545:
532:
529:
528:
523:
515:
514:
505:
493:
492:
487:
477:
476:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
438:
435:
434:
431:
423:
420:
419:
416:
410:
407:
406:
403:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
359:
356:
355:
353:Edward Stanley
350:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
325:
318:
315:
312:
311:
306:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
273:
270:
269:
264:
261:
258:
257:
252:
249:
246:
245:
240:
237:
234:
233:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
185:
184:
179:
169:
163:
161:
157:
156:
143:
139:
138:
128:
124:
123:
120:
112:
111:
88:
80:
79:
68:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
28495:
28484:
28481:
28479:
28476:
28474:
28471:
28469:
28466:
28464:
28461:
28459:
28456:
28454:
28451:
28449:
28446:
28444:
28441:
28439:
28438:British India
28436:
28435:
28433:
28408:
28405:
28404:
28403:
28400:
28396:
28393:
28392:
28391:
28388:
28386:
28383:
28381:
28378:
28376:
28373:
28371:
28368:
28366:
28363:
28359:
28356:
28355:
28354:
28351:
28349:
28346:
28344:
28341:
28339:
28336:
28334:
28331:
28329:
28326:
28322:
28319:
28318:
28317:
28314:
28310:
28307:
28306:
28305:
28302:
28300:
28297:
28295:
28292:
28290:
28287:
28285:
28282:
28281:
28279:
28277:
28273:
28267:
28264:
28262:
28259:
28257:
28254:
28252:
28249:
28247:
28244:
28242:
28239:
28237:
28234:
28232:
28229:
28227:
28224:
28222:
28219:
28217:
28214:
28212:
28209:
28207:
28204:
28202:
28199:
28195:
28192:
28190:
28187:
28185:
28182:
28180:
28177:
28176:
28175:
28172:
28168:
28165:
28164:
28163:
28160:
28158:
28155:
28153:
28150:
28148:
28145:
28144:
28142:
28138:
28134:
28127:
28123:
28122:
28118:
28114:
28100:
28097:
28095:
28092:
28090:
28089:Insurance Act
28087:
28085:
28082:
28080:
28079:Companies Act
28077:
28075:
28072:
28070:
28067:
28065:
28062:
28060:
28057:
28055:
28052:
28048:
28045:
28044:
28043:
28040:
28039:
28037:
28033:
28027:
28024:
28022:
28019:
28017:
28014:
28012:
28009:
28008:
28006:
28002:
27994:
27991:
27989:
27986:
27984:
27981:
27979:
27976:
27974:
27971:
27969:
27966:
27962:
27959:
27958:
27957:
27954:
27953:
27952:
27949:
27947:
27944:
27942:
27939:
27937:
27934:
27932:
27929:
27925:
27924:Biotechnology
27922:
27921:
27920:
27917:
27915:
27912:
27910:
27907:
27905:
27902:
27898:
27895:
27893:
27890:
27889:
27888:
27885:
27881:
27878:
27876:
27873:
27871:
27868:
27866:
27863:
27862:
27861:
27858:
27856:
27853:
27849:
27846:
27845:
27844:
27841:
27839:
27836:
27834:
27831:
27829:
27828:Entertainment
27826:
27824:
27821:
27815:
27812:
27810:
27807:
27805:
27802:
27800:
27797:
27796:
27795:
27792:
27791:
27790:
27787:
27785:
27782:
27780:
27777:
27775:
27772:
27770:
27767:
27765:
27762:
27758:
27755:
27753:
27750:
27749:
27748:
27745:
27744:
27742:
27738:
27732:
27729:
27727:
27726:Uttar Pradesh
27724:
27722:
27719:
27717:
27714:
27712:
27709:
27707:
27704:
27702:
27699:
27697:
27694:
27692:
27689:
27687:
27684:
27682:
27679:
27677:
27674:
27672:
27669:
27667:
27664:
27662:
27659:
27657:
27654:
27652:
27649:
27647:
27644:
27642:
27639:
27637:
27634:
27632:
27629:
27627:
27624:
27622:
27619:
27617:
27614:
27613:
27611:
27607:
27599:
27596:
27594:
27591:
27589:
27586:
27585:
27584:
27581:
27579:
27576:
27572:
27569:
27568:
27567:
27564:
27562:
27559:
27557:
27554:
27553:
27551:
27547:
27541:
27538:
27536:
27533:
27531:
27528:
27526:
27523:
27521:
27518:
27516:
27513:
27511:
27508:
27507:
27505:
27503:
27499:
27491:
27488:
27486:
27483:
27482:
27481:
27478:
27476:
27473:
27471:
27468:
27466:
27463:
27461:
27458:
27457:
27455:
27451:
27445:
27442:
27438:
27435:
27433:
27430:
27429:
27428:
27425:
27421:
27418:
27416:
27413:
27411:
27410:Digital rupee
27408:
27406:
27403:
27401:
27398:
27396:
27393:
27392:
27391:
27388:
27387:
27385:
27381:
27375:
27372:
27370:
27369:Make in India
27367:
27365:
27362:
27360:
27357:
27355:
27352:
27350:
27347:
27345:
27342:
27340:
27337:
27335:
27332:
27330:
27327:
27325:
27324:Foreign trade
27322:
27320:
27319:External debt
27317:
27315:
27312:
27310:
27307:
27305:
27302:
27300:
27297:
27295:
27292:
27290:
27287:
27283:
27280:
27279:
27278:
27275:
27274:
27272:
27268:
27262:
27259:
27257:
27254:
27253:
27251:
27249:
27245:
27241:
27237:
27232:
27228:
27214:
27211:
27209:
27206:
27204:
27201:
27199:
27196:
27194:
27191:
27189:
27186:
27184:
27181:
27179:
27176:
27174:
27171:
27169:
27166:
27164:
27161:
27160:
27158:
27156:
27152:
27146:
27143:
27141:
27138:
27136:
27133:
27132:
27130:
27128:
27124:
27110:
27107:
27105:
27102:
27100:
27097:
27095:
27092:
27090:
27087:
27085:
27082:
27080:
27077:
27075:
27072:
27070:
27067:
27066:
27064:
27062:
27058:
27052:
27049:
27047:
27044:
27042:
27039:
27037:
27034:
27032:
27029:
27027:
27024:
27022:
27019:
27017:
27014:
27013:
27011:
27007:
27004:
27002:
26998:
26992:
26989:
26987:
26984:
26982:
26981:Chief Justice
26979:
26977:
26976:Supreme Court
26974:
26970:
26967:
26966:
26965:
26962:
26960:
26957:
26955:
26952:
26950:
26947:
26946:
26943:
26940:
26938:
26934:
26928:
26925:
26923:
26920:
26918:
26915:
26911:
26908:
26906:
26903:
26902:
26901:
26898:
26896:
26893:
26891:
26888:
26886:
26883:
26881:
26878:
26876:
26873:
26871:
26868:
26864:
26861:
26859:
26856:
26855:
26854:
26851:
26849:
26846:
26844:
26843:Energy policy
26841:
26839:
26836:
26835:
26833:
26831:
26827:
26823:
26819:
26814:
26810:
26796:
26793:
26791:
26788:
26786:
26783:
26781:
26778:
26776:
26772:
26769:
26767:
26764:
26762:
26759:
26758:
26756:
26752:
26746:
26743:
26741:
26738:
26736:
26733:
26731:
26728:
26726:
26723:
26721:
26718:
26716:
26713:
26712:
26710:
26708:
26704:
26698:
26695:
26691:
26688:
26686:
26683:
26682:
26681:
26678:
26676:
26673:
26669:
26666:
26665:
26664:
26661:
26659:
26656:
26654:
26651:
26650:
26648:
26646:
26642:
26636:
26633:
26631:
26628:
26626:
26623:
26621:
26618:
26614:
26611:
26609:
26606:
26604:
26603:Indo-Gangetic
26601:
26600:
26598:
26596:
26593:
26591:
26588:
26586:
26583:
26581:
26578:
26576:
26573:
26571:
26568:
26566:
26563:
26561:
26558:
26556:
26553:
26551:
26548:
26546:
26543:
26541:
26538:
26537:
26535:
26531:
26525:
26522:
26520:
26517:
26515:
26512:
26510:
26507:
26505:
26502:
26500:
26497:
26495:
26492:
26490:
26487:
26485:
26482:
26480:
26477:
26475:
26472:
26470:
26467:
26465:
26462:
26460:
26457:
26455:
26452:
26451:
26449:
26447:
26443:
26437:
26434:
26432:
26429:
26427:
26424:
26422:
26419:
26417:
26414:
26413:
26411:
26407:
26401:
26398:
26396:
26393:
26391:
26388:
26387:
26385:
26383:
26379:
26375:
26371:
26366:
26362:
26348:
26345:
26343:
26340:
26338:
26335:
26333:
26330:
26329:
26327:
26323:
26317:
26314:
26312:
26311:The Emergency
26309:
26307:
26304:
26302:
26299:
26297:
26294:
26292:
26289:
26287:
26284:
26282:
26279:
26277:
26274:
26272:
26269:
26267:
26264:
26262:
26259:
26258:
26256:
26252:
26246:
26243:
26241:
26238:
26236:
26233:
26231:
26228:
26226:
26223:
26221:
26218:
26216:
26213:
26211:
26208:
26204:
26201:
26200:
26199:
26196:
26194:
26191:
26189:
26186:
26184:
26181:
26179:
26176:
26174:
26171:
26169:
26166:
26164:
26161:
26159:
26156:
26155:
26153:
26151:
26147:
26141:
26138:
26136:
26133:
26131:
26128:
26126:
26123:
26122:
26120:
26118:
26114:
26108:
26105:
26103:
26100:
26098:
26095:
26093:
26090:
26088:
26085:
26083:
26080:
26079:
26077:
26075:
26071:
26065:
26062:
26060:
26057:
26056:
26054:
26050:
26044:
26041:
26039:
26036:
26034:
26033:Kushan Empire
26031:
26029:
26026:
26024:
26021:
26019:
26016:
26014:
26011:
26009:
26008:Mahajanapadas
26006:
26004:
26001:
25999:
25996:
25994:
25991:
25990:
25988:
25986:
25982:
25976:
25973:
25971:
25968:
25966:
25963:
25961:
25958:
25956:
25953:
25951:
25948:
25946:
25943:
25941:
25938:
25936:
25933:
25931:
25928:
25926:
25923:
25921:
25918:
25916:
25913:
25912:
25909:
25906:
25904:
25901:
25900:
25898:
25894:
25890:
25886:
25881:
25877:
25868:
25863:
25861:
25856:
25854:
25849:
25848:
25845:
25833:
25830:
25828:
25825:
25823:
25820:
25818:
25815:
25813:
25810:
25809:
25807:
25805:
25801:
25795:
25792:
25790:
25787:
25785:
25782:
25781:
25779:
25775:
25769:
25766:
25764:
25761:
25760:
25758:
25756:
25752:
25744:
25741:
25740:
25739:
25736:
25734:
25731:
25729:
25726:
25724:
25721:
25719:
25716:
25715:
25713:
25711:
25707:
25699:
25696:
25694:
25691:
25689:
25686:
25685:
25684:
25681:
25679:
25676:
25672:
25669:
25667:
25664:
25662:
25659:
25657:
25654:
25653:
25652:
25649:
25648:
25646:
25644:
25640:
25634:
25631:
25629:
25626:
25624:
25621:
25619:
25616:
25614:
25611:
25609:
25606:
25604:
25601:
25599:
25596:
25592:
25589:
25588:
25587:
25584:
25583:
25581:
25579:
25575:
25569:
25566:
25564:
25561:
25557:
25554:
25552:
25549:
25547:
25544:
25543:
25542:
25539:
25537:
25534:
25533:
25531:
25529:
25525:
25521:
25515:
25512:
25510:
25507:
25506:
25504:
25502:
25498:
25492:
25489:
25487:
25484:
25482:
25479:
25477:
25474:
25472:
25469:
25467:
25464:
25462:
25459:
25457:
25454:
25452:
25449:
25447:
25444:
25442:
25439:
25437:
25434:
25432:
25431:Architecture
25429:
25428:
25426:
25424:
25420:
25414:
25411:
25407:
25404:
25402:
25399:
25397:
25394:
25392:
25389:
25388:
25387:Other groups
25386:
25384:
25381:
25379:
25378:Tibeto-Burman
25376:
25374:
25371:
25369:
25366:
25364:
25361:
25359:
25356:
25354:
25351:
25349:
25348:Austroasiatic
25346:
25344:
25341:
25340:
25338:
25336:
25335:Ethnic groups
25332:
25327:
25317:
25314:
25310:
25307:
25305:
25302:
25300:
25297:
25295:
25292:
25291:
25290:
25287:
25285:
25282:
25278:
25275:
25274:
25273:
25270:
25268:
25265:
25263:
25260:
25256:
25253:
25251:
25248:
25246:
25243:
25239:
25236:
25235:
25234:
25231:
25230:
25229:
25226:
25224:
25221:
25219:
25216:
25214:
25211:
25210:
25208:
25206:
25202:
25198:
25191:
25186:
25184:
25179:
25177:
25172:
25171:
25168:
25152:
25149:
25147:
25144:
25142:
25139:
25137:
25134:
25132:
25129:
25127:
25124:
25122:
25119:
25117:
25114:
25112:
25109:
25107:
25104:
25102:
25099:
25097:
25094:
25092:
25088:
25085:
25082:
25081:
25076:
25072:
25069:
25067:
25064:
25062:
25059:
25057:
25054:
25052:
25049:
25046:
25043:
25041:
25038:
25037:
25035:
25031:
25025:
25022:
25020:
25017:
25015:
25012:
25010:
25007:
25005:
25002:
25000:
24997:
24995:
24992:
24990:
24987:
24985:
24982:
24980:
24977:
24975:
24972:
24970:
24967:
24965:
24962:
24960:
24959:Easter Island
24957:
24955:
24952:
24950:
24947:
24946:
24944:
24940:
24934:
24931:
24929:
24926:
24924:
24921:
24919:
24916:
24914:
24911:
24909:
24906:
24904:
24901:
24899:
24896:
24894:
24891:
24889:
24886:
24884:
24881:
24879:
24876:
24874:
24871:
24869:
24866:
24864:
24861:
24859:
24856:
24854:
24851:
24849:
24846:
24844:
24841:
24839:
24836:
24834:
24831:
24829:
24826:
24824:
24821:
24819:
24816:
24814:
24811:
24809:
24806:
24804:
24801:
24799:
24796:
24794:
24791:
24789:
24786:
24784:
24781:
24779:
24776:
24774:
24771:
24769:
24766:
24764:
24761:
24759:
24756:
24754:
24751:
24749:
24746:
24744:
24741:
24739:
24736:
24734:
24731:
24729:
24726:
24724:
24721:
24719:
24716:
24714:
24711:
24709:
24706:
24704:
24701:
24699:
24696:
24694:
24691:
24689:
24686:
24684:
24681:
24679:
24676:
24674:
24671:
24669:
24666:
24664:
24661:
24660:
24658:
24654:
24647:
24646:
24641:
24638:
24636:
24633:
24631:
24628:
24626:
24623:
24621:
24618:
24616:
24613:
24611:
24608:
24606:
24603:
24601:
24598:
24596:
24593:
24591:
24588:
24586:
24585:
24581:
24579:
24576:
24574:
24571:
24569:
24566:
24564:
24561:
24559:
24556:
24554:
24551:
24549:
24546:
24544:
24541:
24539:
24536:
24534:
24531:
24529:
24526:
24524:
24521:
24519:
24516:
24514:
24511:
24509:
24506:
24504:
24501:
24499:
24498:Jabal Shammar
24496:
24494:
24491:
24488:
24484:
24481:
24479:
24478:
24474:
24472:
24469:
24467:
24464:
24462:
24459:
24457:
24454:
24452:
24449:
24447:
24444:
24442:
24439:
24437:
24434:
24432:
24429:
24427:
24424:
24423:
24421:
24417:
24411:
24408:
24406:
24403:
24401:
24398:
24396:
24393:
24391:
24388:
24386:
24383:
24381:
24378:
24376:
24373:
24371:
24368:
24366:
24363:
24361:
24358:
24357:
24355:
24351:
24345:
24344:
24340:
24338:
24335:
24333:
24330:
24328:
24325:
24323:
24320:
24318:
24315:
24313:
24310:
24308:
24305:
24303:
24300:
24298:
24295:
24293:
24290:
24288:
24285:
24283:
24280:
24278:
24275:
24273:
24270:
24268:
24265:
24263:
24260:
24258:
24255:
24253:
24250:
24248:
24245:
24243:
24240:
24238:
24235:
24233:
24230:
24228:
24225:
24223:
24220:
24218:
24215:
24213:
24210:
24208:
24205:
24203:
24200:
24198:
24195:
24193:
24190:
24188:
24185:
24183:
24180:
24178:
24175:
24173:
24170:
24169:
24167:
24163:
24160:
24158:
24154:
24144:
24141:
24139:
24136:
24134:
24131:
24129:
24126:
24124:
24121:
24119:
24116:
24114:
24111:
24107:
24104:
24102:
24099:
24098:
24097:
24094:
24092:
24089:
24087:
24084:
24082:
24079:
24077:
24074:
24072:
24069:
24067:
24064:
24062:
24059:
24058:
24056:
24054:
24050:
24044:
24041:
24040:
24038:
24036:
24032:
24026:
24023:
24021:
24018:
24016:
24013:
24011:
24008:
24006:
24003:
24001:
23998:
23996:
23993:
23991:
23990:Liechtenstein
23988:
23986:
23983:
23981:
23978:
23976:
23973:
23972:
23970:
23968:
23964:
23958:
23957:
23953:
23951:
23948:
23946:
23943:
23941:
23938:
23936:
23933:
23931:
23928:
23926:
23923:
23921:
23918:
23916:
23913:
23911:
23908:
23906:
23903:
23901:
23898:
23896:
23893:
23891:
23888:
23887:
23885:
23883:
23879:
23873:
23872:
23868:
23866:
23863:
23861:
23858:
23856:
23853:
23852:
23850:
23848:
23844:
23841:
23837:
23831:
23828:
23826:
23823:
23821:
23818:
23816:
23813:
23811:
23808:
23806:
23803:
23801:
23798:
23794:
23793:Queen regnant
23791:
23790:
23789:
23786:
23784:
23781:
23779:
23776:
23775:
23773:
23769:
23763:
23760:
23758:
23755:
23753:
23752:Republicanism
23750:
23748:
23745:
23743:
23740:
23738:
23735:
23733:
23732:Head of state
23730:
23728:
23725:
23723:
23720:
23718:
23715:
23713:
23710:
23708:
23705:
23703:
23700:
23698:
23695:
23693:
23690:
23689:
23687:
23683:
23677:
23674:
23672:
23669:
23667:
23666:Non-sovereign
23664:
23662:
23659:
23657:
23654:
23652:
23649:
23647:
23644:
23642:
23639:
23637:
23634:
23633:
23631:
23627:
23621:
23618:
23616:
23613:
23611:
23608:
23606:
23603:
23601:
23598:
23597:
23594:
23590:
23583:
23578:
23576:
23571:
23569:
23564:
23563:
23560:
23548:
23544:
23540:
23538:
23530:
23527:
23524:
23522:
23519:
23518:
23515:
23504:
23501:
23497:
23494:
23493:
23488:
23487:
23484:
23477:
23476:
23472:
23469:
23468:
23464:
23459:
23454:
23451:
23446:
23441:
23438:
23435:
23434:
23430:
23427:
23426:
23422:
23419:
23418:
23414:
23411:
23410:
23406:
23405:
23402:
23395:
23391:
23380:
23379:Falklands War
23376:
23374:
23370:
23366:
23365:
23362:
23355:
23354:
23350:
23347:
23346:
23342:
23339:
23336:
23333:
23330:
23327:
23324:
23321:
23318:
23317:
23314:
23310:South America
23307:
23303:
23293:
23289:
23285:
23283:
23279:
23277:
23273:
23272:
23269:
23257:
23254:
23251:
23248:
23245:
23241:
23238:
23234:
23231:
23228:
23225:
23222:
23221:
23219:
23213:
23209:
23206:
23203:
23200:
23199:Union Islands
23197:
23194:
23190:
23187:
23184:
23181:
23178:
23175:
23172:
23169:
23166:
23163:
23160:
23157:
23154:
23151:
23148:
23147:
23143:
23140:
23137:
23134:
23130:
23127:
23124:
23121:
23118:
23115:
23112:
23109:
23106:
23102:
23099:
23096:
23093:
23092:
23090:
23089:
23085:
23082:
23081:
23076:
23067:
23062:
23060:
23055:
23053:
23048:
23047:
23044:
23040:
23029:
23026:
23023:
23020:
23015:
23012:
23011:
23009:
23006:
23003:
23000:
22997:
22994:
22991:
22990:
22986:
22983:
22980:
22977:
22976:
22972:
22969:
22966:
22963:
22960:
22957:
22954:
22951:
22948:
22945:
22941:
22938:
22934:
22931:
22927:
22924:
22921:
22918:
22915:
22912:
22911:Rupert's Land
22909:
22906:
22903:
22900:
22896:
22893:
22890:
22887:
22884:
22881:
22878:
22875:
22872:
22871:Paulet affair
22869:
22866:
22863:
22860:
22857:
22854:
22851:
22848:
22845:
22842:
22839:
22836:
22833:
22830:
22827:
22824:
22821:
22818:
22817:New Hampshire
22815:
22812:
22809:
22806:
22805:New Brunswick
22803:
22800:
22797:
22794:
22791:
22788:
22785:
22782:
22781:
22777:
22774:
22771:
22766:
22763:
22762:
22760:
22757:
22754:
22751:
22748:
22744:
22741:
22738:
22735:
22732:
22729:
22726:
22723:
22720:
22717:
22713:
22710:
22707:
22706:
22702:
22699:
22696:
22691:
22688:
22685:
22682:
22679:
22676:
22673:
22670:
22669:
22668:
22664:
22661:
22657:
22654:
22651:
22648:
22645:
22642:
22639:
22635:
22632:
22631:
22629:
22626:
22623:
22620:
22617:
22616:
22612:
22609:
22605:
22602:
22599:
22596:
22593:
22590:
22586:
22583:
22579:
22576:
22572:
22569:
22568:
22564:
22563:
22560:
22556:North America
22553:
22549:
22539:
22535:
22533:
22529:
22526:
22524:
22520:
22516:
22512:
22511:
22508:
22501:
22498:
22495:
22492:
22489:
22486:
22483:
22480:
22477:
22476:South Vietnam
22474:
22471:
22468:
22463:
22460:
22459:
22457:
22454:
22451:
22448:
22445:
22442:
22439:
22436:
22433:
22430:
22425:
22422:
22421:
22419:
22416:
22413:
22410:
22407:
22404:
22401:
22398:
22395:
22392:
22387:
22384:
22381:
22378:
22375:
22372:
22369:
22366:
22365:
22363:
22360:
22357:
22354:
22351:
22348:
22345:
22342:
22339:
22336:
22333:
22330:
22327:
22324:
22321:
22318:
22315:
22312:
22309:
22306:
22303:
22299:
22295:
22294:
22290:
22287:
22284:
22281:
22278:
22275:
22272:
22269:
22265:
22262:
22259:
22256:
22251:
22248:
22247:
22245:
22242:
22239:
22236:
22235:
22232:
22225:
22221:
22211:
22207:
22204:
22200:
22196:
22192:
22188:
22185:
22182:
22178:
22174:
22171:
22169:
22165:
22164:
22161:
22154:
22151:
22148:
22145:
22142:
22139:
22136:
22135:
22131:
22128:
22125:
22122:
22119:
22116:
22113:
22110:
22107:
22104:
22101:
22098:
22095:
22092:
22089:
22086:
22083:
22080:
22077:
22074:
22071:
22068:
22065:
22062:
22061:
22057:
22054:
22051:
22048:
22045:
22042:
22039:
22036:
22033:
22030:
22027:
22024:
22021:
22018:
22015:
22012:
22009:
22006:
22003:
22000:
21997:
21994:
21991:
21988:
21984:
21981:
21978:
21975:
21972:
21969:
21966:
21963:
21960:
21957:
21954:
21951:
21948:
21945:
21942:
21939:
21936:
21932:
21929:
21926:
21922:
21919:
21916:
21915:
21911:
21910:
21907:
21900:
21896:
21885:
21882:
21877:
21874:
21871:
21868:
21867:
21865:
21860:
21857:
21856:
21851:
21848:
21845:
21842:
21839:
21836:
21833:
21832:
21828:
21825:
21822:
21819:
21816:
21813:
21809:
21808:
21804:
21803:
21800:
21793:
21789:
21783:
21779:
21777:
21773:
21771:
21768:
21765:
21760:
21759:
21756:
21752:
21748:
21740:
21735:
21733:
21728:
21726:
21721:
21720:
21717:
21705:
21702:
21700:
21697:
21695:
21692:
21690:
21687:
21685:
21682:
21680:
21677:
21675:
21672:
21670:
21667:
21666:
21664:
21660:
21654:
21651:
21649:
21646:
21644:
21641:
21639:
21636:
21634:
21631:
21629:
21626:
21624:
21621:
21619:
21616:
21614:
21611:
21609:
21606:
21604:
21601:
21599:
21596:
21594:
21591:
21589:
21586:
21584:
21581:
21579:
21576:
21574:
21571:
21569:
21566:
21565:
21563:
21559:
21553:
21552:
21548:
21546:
21543:
21541:
21538:
21536:
21533:
21531:
21528:
21526:
21523:
21521:
21518:
21516:
21513:
21511:
21508:
21506:
21503:
21501:
21498:
21496:
21493:
21491:
21488:
21486:
21483:
21481:
21478:
21476:
21473:
21471:
21468:
21466:
21463:
21461:
21458:
21456:
21453:
21451:
21448:
21446:
21443:
21441:
21438:
21436:
21433:
21431:
21430:Satyapal Dang
21428:
21426:
21423:
21421:
21418:
21416:
21413:
21411:
21408:
21406:
21403:
21401:
21398:
21396:
21393:
21391:
21388:
21386:
21383:
21381:
21378:
21376:
21373:
21371:
21368:
21366:
21363:
21361:
21358:
21356:
21355:Nana Fadnavis
21353:
21351:
21348:
21346:
21343:
21341:
21338:
21336:
21333:
21331:
21328:
21326:
21323:
21321:
21320:Mangal Pandey
21318:
21316:
21313:
21311:
21308:
21306:
21303:
21301:
21298:
21296:
21293:
21291:
21288:
21286:
21283:
21281:
21280:Khudiram Bose
21278:
21276:
21273:
21271:
21268:
21266:
21263:
21261:
21258:
21256:
21253:
21251:
21248:
21246:
21243:
21241:
21238:
21236:
21233:
21231:
21228:
21226:
21223:
21221:
21218:
21216:
21213:
21211:
21208:
21206:
21203:
21201:
21198:
21196:
21195:Chetram Jatav
21193:
21191:
21188:
21186:
21183:
21181:
21178:
21176:
21173:
21171:
21168:
21166:
21165:Bhikaiji Cama
21163:
21161:
21158:
21156:
21155:Bharathidasan
21153:
21151:
21148:
21146:
21143:
21141:
21140:Basawon Singh
21138:
21136:
21133:
21131:
21128:
21126:
21123:
21121:
21118:
21116:
21113:
21111:
21108:
21106:
21103:
21101:
21098:
21096:
21093:
21091:
21088:
21086:
21083:
21081:
21078:
21076:
21073:
21072:
21070:
21064:
21058:
21055:
21053:
21050:
21048:
21045:
21043:
21040:
21038:
21035:
21033:
21030:
21028:
21027:Sri Aurobindo
21025:
21023:
21020:
21018:
21015:
21013:
21010:
21008:
21005:
21003:
21000:
20998:
20997:Ram Mohan Roy
20995:
20993:
20990:
20988:
20985:
20983:
20980:
20978:
20977:Narayana Guru
20975:
20973:
20970:
20968:
20965:
20963:
20960:
20958:
20955:
20953:
20950:
20948:
20945:
20943:
20940:
20938:
20935:
20933:
20930:
20928:
20925:
20923:
20920:
20918:
20915:
20913:
20910:
20908:
20905:
20903:
20900:
20898:
20895:
20893:
20890:
20888:
20885:
20883:
20880:
20878:
20875:
20873:
20870:
20869:
20867:
20861:
20855:
20854:
20850:
20848:
20845:
20843:
20840:
20838:
20835:
20833:
20830:
20828:
20825:
20823:
20820:
20818:
20815:
20813:
20810:
20808:
20805:
20803:
20800:
20798:
20795:
20793:
20790:
20788:
20785:
20783:
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20764:
20762:
20760:Organisations
20758:
20752:
20749:
20747:
20744:
20742:
20739:
20737:
20734:
20732:
20729:
20727:
20724:
20722:
20721:Bombay Mutiny
20719:
20717:
20714:
20712:
20709:
20707:
20706:Indian Legion
20704:
20702:
20699:
20697:
20694:
20692:
20689:
20687:
20684:
20682:
20679:
20677:
20674:
20672:
20669:
20667:
20664:
20662:
20659:
20657:
20654:
20652:
20649:
20647:
20646:1928 Protests
20644:
20642:
20639:
20637:
20634:
20632:
20629:
20627:
20624:
20622:
20619:
20617:
20614:
20612:
20609:
20607:
20604:
20602:
20599:
20597:
20594:
20592:
20591:Rowlatt Bills
20589:
20587:
20584:
20582:
20579:
20577:
20574:
20572:
20569:
20567:
20564:
20562:
20561:
20557:
20555:
20552:
20550:
20547:
20545:
20542:
20540:
20537:
20535:
20532:
20531:
20529:
20523:
20517:
20514:
20512:
20509:
20507:
20504:
20502:
20499:
20497:
20494:
20492:
20489:
20487:
20484:
20482:
20479:
20477:
20474:
20472:
20469:
20468:
20466:
20460:
20454:
20453:
20449:
20447:
20444:
20442:
20439:
20437:
20434:
20432:
20429:
20427:
20424:
20422:
20419:
20417:
20414:
20410:
20407:
20405:
20402:
20400:
20397:
20395:
20392:
20391:
20389:
20385:
20382:
20380:
20377:
20375:
20372:
20370:
20367:
20366:
20365:
20362:
20360:
20357:
20355:
20352:
20350:
20347:
20345:
20342:
20340:
20337:
20335:
20332:
20330:
20327:
20325:
20322:
20320:
20317:
20316:
20314:
20312:
20308:
20304:
20297:
20292:
20290:
20285:
20283:
20278:
20277:
20274:
20266:
20263:
20261:
20258:
20256:
20253:
20252:
20251:
20248:
20245:
20242:
20239:
20236:
20235:
20231:
20228:
20225:
20223:
20219:
20216:
20212:
20211:
20206:
20204:
20200:
20197:
20196:
20185:
20184:
20178:
20175:
20172:
20169:
20166:
20163:
20159:
20157:
20153:
20150:Judd, Denis.
20149:
20148:
20147:
20145:
20144:
20138:
20133:
20129:
20125:at Wikiquote
20124:
20119:
20114:
20109:
20095:
20089:
20085:
20084:
20078:
20077:
20074:Miscellaneous
20068:
20063:
20060:
20056:
20053:
20049:
20045:
20041:
20037:
20033:
20029:
20025:
20021:
20016:
20013:
20009:
20005:
20001:
19997:
19993:
19989:
19984:
19981:
19977:
19974:
19971:
19967:
19964:
19960:
19957:
19953:
19950:
19946:
19943:
19939:
19935:
19931:
19927:
19923:
19919:
19915:
19910:
19906:
19902:
19898:
19894:
19890:
19886:
19881:
19877:
19873:
19869:
19865:
19860:
19857:
19853:
19847:
19843:
19842:
19836:
19835:
19825:
19821:
19817:
19813:
19809:
19805:
19800:
19797:
19791:
19787:
19782:
19779:
19775:
19771:
19767:
19763:
19759:
19754:
19751:
19747:
19744:
19740:
19737:
19733:
19729:
19725:
19721:
19717:
19713:
19709:
19704:
19701:
19697:
19694:
19690:
19685:
19680:
19676:
19672:
19667:
19663:
19659:
19655:
19651:
19647:
19643:
19638:
19635:
19631:
19620:
19616:
19610:
19606:
19605:
19599:
19596:
19592:
19589:
19585:
19583:
19579:
19575:
19571:
19568:
19564:
19561:
19557:
19553:
19549:
19545:
19541:
19537:
19533:
19528:
19525:
19521:
19518:
19514:
19511:
19507:
19506:
19496:
19492:
19488:
19485:
19481:
19469:
19465:
19461:
19456:
19453:
19449:
19445:
19441:
19437:
19433:
19428:
19423:
19419:
19415:
19410:
19407:
19403:
19399:
19393:
19389:
19384:
19380:
19374:
19370:
19365:
19361:
19357:
19353:
19349:
19346:(47): 69–77.
19345:
19341:
19336:
19334:
19330:
19326:
19324:
19320:
19317:
19313:
19309:
19307:
19303:
19299:
19296:
19290:
19286:
19281:
19278:
19272:
19268:
19264:
19260:
19257:
19251:
19247:
19243:
19239:
19237:
19233:
19230:
19226:
19222:
19219:
19213:
19209:
19204:
19200:
19199:
19194:
19190:
19187:
19183:
19180:
19174:
19170:
19165:
19162:
19156:
19152:
19151:
19146:
19142:
19139:
19133:
19129:
19125:
19121:
19118:
19114:
19110:
19104:
19100:
19096:
19092:
19089:
19085:
19082:
19078:
19075:
19069:
19065:
19060:
19057:
19053:
19049:
19045:
19041:
19037:
19033:
19029:
19024:
19021:
19017:
19013:
19010:
19004:
19000:
18999:
18993:
18990:
18986:
18981:
18977:
18976:Jalal, Ayesha
18973:
18969:
18968:
18963:
18959:
18954:
18951:
18945:
18941:
18936:
18933:
18931:0-19-505115-7
18927:
18923:
18919:
18915:
18912:
18908:
18904:
18900:
18896:
18892:
18887:
18884:
18880:
18875:
18870:
18866:
18862:
18858:
18854:
18850:
18846:
18842:
18836:
18832:
18831:
18825:
18814:
18813:
18807:
18804:
18800:
18790:
18784:
18780:
18779:
18773:
18770:
18766:
18764:
18760:
18756:
18753:
18749:
18745:
18741:
18730:
18726:
18720:
18716:
18712:
18707:
18704:
18703:History Today
18700:
18697:
18693:
18690:
18684:
18680:
18679:
18674:
18670:
18666:
18660:
18656:
18655:
18649:
18645:
18639:
18635:
18630:
18626:
18620:
18616:
18611:
18607:
18601:
18597:
18593:
18589:
18586:
18582:
18578:
18574:
18570:
18566:
18561:
18559:
18555:
18551:
18548:
18542:
18538:
18533:
18530:
18526:
18522:
18511:
18507:
18506:
18501:
18497:
18494:
18490:
18480:
18474:
18470:
18469:
18464:
18460:
18449:
18445:
18439:
18435:
18434:
18429:
18425:
18422:
18416:
18412:
18408:
18404:
18401:
18395:
18391:
18386:
18385:
18374:
18368:
18364:
18359:
18356:
18352:
18348:
18342:
18338:
18334:
18330:
18328:
18324:
18320:
18308:
18304:
18298:
18294:
18293:
18288:
18287:Stein, Burton
18284:
18280:
18274:
18270:
18266:
18265:Stein, Burton
18262:
18258:
18252:
18248:
18247:
18242:
18238:
18236:
18232:
18228:
18226:
18222:
18218:
18215:
18209:
18204:
18203:
18197:
18196:Sarkar, Sumit
18193:
18190:
18184:
18180:
18179:
18173:
18170:
18166:
18163:
18159:
18155:
18149:
18145:
18140:
18137:
18134:
18130:
18126:
18122:
18117:
18114:
18110:
18107:
18104:
18098:
18094:
18090:
18086:
18082:
18071:
18067:
18061:
18057:
18056:
18050:
18046:
18040:
18036:
18032:
18028:
18025:
18021:
18018:
18014:
18011:
18006:
18003:
17997:
17993:
17988:
17985:
17979:
17975:
17974:
17969:
17965:
17962:
17958:
17954:
17948:
17944:
17939:
17936:
17932:
17929:
17925:
17923:
17919:
17915:
17911:
17909:
17905:
17901:
17898:
17894:
17891:
17885:
17881:
17876:
17865:
17861:
17855:
17851:
17850:
17844:
17841:
17835:
17831:
17830:
17825:
17824:Jalal, Ayesha
17821:
17817:
17813:
17807:
17803:
17799:
17795:
17791:
17785:
17781:
17780:
17774:
17770:
17764:
17760:
17756:
17752:
17748:
17742:
17738:
17733:
17730:
17726:
17723:
17719:
17718:
17691:
17687:
17683:
17677:
17661:
17657:
17653:
17649:
17648:The Economist
17645:
17639:
17623:
17619:
17615:
17609:
17603:
17599:
17596:
17593:Md Abu Nasim
17592:
17588:
17585:
17580:
17564:
17560:
17556:
17550:
17542:
17536:
17532:
17531:
17523:
17521:
17504:
17500:
17496:
17489:
17473:
17469:
17465:
17459:
17443:
17439:
17435:
17429:
17414:
17410:
17404:
17389:
17385:
17379:
17371:
17365:
17361:
17360:
17352:
17337:
17333:
17327:
17320:
17314:
17306:
17302:
17298:
17294:
17291:(3): 314–16.
17290:
17286:
17285:Asian Affairs
17279:
17272:
17270:
17263:
17247:
17243:
17242:History.ac.uk
17239:
17233:
17231:
17229:
17221:
17215:
17207:
17201:
17197:
17190:
17182:
17176:
17172:
17168:
17161:
17153:
17147:
17143:
17139:
17132:
17124:
17118:
17114:
17107:
17105:
17096:
17090:
17086:
17079:
17071:
17065:
17061:
17054:
17046:
17040:
17036:
17032:
17025:
17017:
17011:
17007:
17000:
16992:
16986:
16982:
16978:
16971:
16964:
16951:
16947:
16946:
16939:
16931:
16925:
16921:
16914:
16907:
16902:
16896:
16892:
16885:
16877:
16871:
16867:
16863:
16856:
16854:
16845:
16839:
16835:
16831:
16824:
16817:
16811:
16805:, p. 431
16804:
16799:
16791:
16787:
16783:
16779:
16776:(4): 557–78.
16775:
16771:
16764:
16745:
16741:
16737:
16733:
16729:
16722:
16715:
16699:
16692:
16683:
16677:
16671:
16655:
16651:
16645:
16629:
16625:
16619:
16603:
16599:
16595:
16589:
16582:
16581:
16580:The Asian Age
16576:
16571:
16569:
16552:
16545:
16538:
16537:
16532:
16527:
16520:
16516:
16511:
16509:
16492:
16488:
16484:
16478:
16462:
16458:
16452:
16450:
16442:
16437:
16430:
16426:
16425:Bipan Chandra
16421:
16413:
16407:
16403:
16402:
16394:
16386:
16379:
16371:
16365:
16361:
16360:
16352:
16337:
16333:
16327:
16311:
16307:
16301:
16285:
16281:
16275:
16267:
16263:
16258:
16253:
16249:
16245:
16242:(3): 135–40.
16241:
16237:
16233:
16226:
16210:
16206:
16200:
16184:
16180:
16174:
16167:
16163:
16160:
16155:
16139:
16135:
16129:
16122:
16118:
16115:
16110:
16103:
16099:
16096:
16091:
16084:
16080:
16077:
16072:
16065:
16061:
16055:
16049:, p. 173
16048:
16043:
16036:
16031:
16024:
16019:
16012:
16007:
16000:
15995:
15988:
15983:
15976:
15971:
15964:
15959:
15952:
15947:
15940:
15935:
15928:
15923:
15921:
15919:
15917:
15910:, p. 83.
15909:
15904:
15898:, p. 80.
15897:
15892:
15885:
15880:
15865:
15861:
15857:
15850:
15835:
15831:
15827:
15821:
15805:
15801:
15800:
15792:
15777:
15773:
15769:
15763:
15748:
15744:
15740:
15733:
15718:
15714:
15710:
15704:
15688:
15684:
15683:
15682:British India
15675:
15660:
15656:
15652:
15645:
15630:
15626:
15622:
15616:
15601:
15597:
15593:
15586:
15577:
15569:
15565:
15561:
15557:
15553:
15549:
15542:
15534:
15530:
15529:Asian Profile
15523:
15515:
15511:
15507:
15503:
15499:
15495:
15491:
15485:
15478:
15472:
15466:
15462:
15458:
15452:
15436:
15431:
15426:
15422:
15418:
15414:
15407:
15391:
15385:
15370:
15366:
15362:
15358:
15352:
15336:
15332:
15325:
15318:
15312:
15293:
15289:
15282:
15276:
15274:
15272:
15264:
15258:
15242:
15238:
15234:
15228:
15226:
15224:
15215:
15209:
15205:
15201:
15197:
15193:
15187:
15180:
15175:
15168:
15163:
15155:
15151:
15147:
15143:
15140:(4): 404–32.
15139:
15135:
15128:
15120:
15114:
15110:
15106:
15100:
15094:, p. 259
15093:
15088:
15080:
15074:
15070:
15069:
15064:
15058:
15042:
15038:
15034:
15029:
15024:
15021:(4): 621–28.
15020:
15016:
15009:
15001:
14993:
14989:
14985:
14981:
14977:
14973:
14966:
14959:
14958:Headrick 1988
14954:
14945:
14939:, p. 73.
14938:
14933:
14917:
14913:
14912:
14907:
14900:
14898:
14889:
14888:
14881:
14874:
14873:Headrick 1988
14869:
14853:
14849:
14845:
14839:
14837:
14829:
14823:
14816:
14810:
14802:
14796:
14792:
14785:
14777:
14771:
14767:
14763:
14757:
14749:
14743:
14739:
14732:
14726:, p. 72.
14725:
14720:
14718:
14709:
14703:
14699:
14692:
14684:
14680:
14676:
14672:
14668:
14664:
14661:(3): 521–45.
14660:
14656:
14649:
14641:
14635:
14631:
14624:
14617:
14616:Headrick 1988
14612:
14604:
14600:
14596:
14592:
14589:(4): 413–60.
14588:
14584:
14577:
14569:
14554:
14550:
14546:
14545:
14539:
14531:
14529:
14519:
14512:
14507:
14499:
14495:
14491:
14487:
14484:(4): 507–23.
14483:
14479:
14472:
14464:
14458:
14454:
14450:
14446:
14442:
14436:
14429:
14424:
14416:
14410:
14406:
14399:
14392:
14386:
14378:
14374:
14370:
14366:
14363:(1): 87–126.
14362:
14358:
14351:
14344:
14339:
14337:
14329:
14324:
14317:
14312:
14310:
14302:
14297:
14290:
14285:
14283:
14275:
14271:
14266:
14260:, p. 195
14259:
14254:
14247:
14242:
14236:, p. 104
14235:
14230:
14223:
14218:
14216:
14214:
14212:
14204:
14199:
14192:
14187:
14180:
14175:
14159:
14155:
14151:
14147:
14143:
14139:
14135:
14131:
14124:
14116:
14112:
14108:
14104:
14099:
14094:
14091:(1): 90–103.
14090:
14086:
14082:
14075:
14068:
14063:
14061:
14053:
14048:
14042:
14038:
14033:
14031:
14023:
14018:
14016:
14008:
14004:
14000:
13995:
13994:
13987:
13971:
13967:
13961:
13958:. Routledge.
13957:
13956:
13950:
13945:
13939:
13935:
13930:
13926:
13922:
13919:
13915:
13911:
13910:
13905:
13900:
13884:
13880:
13874:
13868:
13864:
13861:
13857:
13851:
13835:
13831:
13830:
13823:
13815:
13814:
13806:
13799:
13793:
13785:
13781:
13780:
13772:
13764:
13763:
13755:
13748:
13747:History Today
13742:
13725:
13724:
13715:
13707:
13703:
13702:
13694:
13692:
13683:
13682:
13674:
13658:
13657:
13649:
13643:(2008) p. 237
13642:
13639:Maria Misra,
13636:
13627:
13611:
13607:
13603:
13597:
13590:
13578:
13574:
13570:
13564:
13557:
13553:
13549:
13545:
13540:
13530:
13526:
13521:
13506:
13500:
13496:
13491:
13490:
13481:
13475:, p. 172
13474:
13469:
13462:
13457:
13450:
13445:
13443:
13435:
13430:
13416:
13410:
13406:
13405:
13397:
13390:
13385:
13378:
13373:
13367:, p. 69.
13366:
13361:
13354:
13349:
13347:
13339:
13334:
13327:
13322:
13315:
13310:
13303:
13298:
13291:
13286:
13284:
13275:
13271:
13267:
13263:
13259:
13255:
13248:
13242:(2006) p. 142
13241:
13235:
13227:
13223:
13219:
13215:
13211:
13207:
13200:
13192:
13188:
13182:
13176:
13168:
13162:
13158:
13153:
13152:
13143:
13135:
13129:
13125:
13121:
13120:
13115:
13109:
13103:, p. 190
13102:
13097:
13081:
13077:
13071:
13064:
13058:
13042:
13038:
13034:
13028:
13026:
13009:
13005:
13001:
12994:
12992:
12990:
12982:
12981:
12976:
12971:
12964:
12947:
12943:
12939:
12935:
12931:
12928:(2): 160–88.
12927:
12923:
12916:
12909:
12903:, p. 154
12902:
12897:
12890:
12885:
12878:
12873:
12865:
12861:
12857:
12853:
12849:
12845:
12841:
12837:
12830:
12822:
12818:
12814:
12810:
12806:
12802:
12798:
12794:
12787:
12780:
12775:
12773:
12764:
12763:History Today
12757:
12749:
12745:
12741:
12737:
12733:
12726:
12719:
12713:
12707:, p. 208
12706:
12701:
12695:, p. 304
12694:
12689:
12687:
12685:
12677:
12672:
12670:
12668:
12661:, p. 190
12660:
12655:
12653:
12651:
12649:
12641:
12636:
12629:
12624:
12622:
12620:
12618:
12616:
12614:
12612:
12610:
12608:
12600:
12595:
12593:
12591:
12589:
12587:
12585:
12583:
12581:
12573:
12567:
12560:
12555:
12548:
12543:
12541:
12539:
12537:
12529:
12524:
12522:
12520:
12518:
12511:, p. 199
12510:
12505:
12503:
12501:
12499:
12497:
12489:
12484:
12482:
12480:
12472:
12467:
12465:
12463:
12443:
12439:
12432:
12425:
12418:
12413:
12411:
12409:
12407:
12405:
12403:
12394:
12388:
12381:
12376:
12361:
12355:
12351:
12350:
12342:
12340:
12333:, p. 201
12332:
12327:
12325:
12323:
12316:, p. 286
12315:
12310:
12304:, p. 200
12303:
12298:
12296:
12294:
12292:
12284:
12279:
12272:
12267:
12261:(2008) p. 184
12260:
12256:
12251:
12245:
12241:
12235:
12226:
12218:
12214:
12210:
12206:
12203:(3): 221–37.
12202:
12198:
12197:
12189:
12180:
12173:
12167:
12160:
12154:
12148:, p. 197
12147:
12142:
12136:
12132:
12126:
12120:(1996) p. 116
12119:
12113:
12106:
12101:
12095:, p. 170
12094:
12089:
12082:
12078:
12075:
12071:
12065:
12059:, p. 888
12058:
12053:
12051:
12044:, p. 169
12043:
12038:
12030:
12024:
12020:
12013:
12007:, p. 97.
12006:
12001:
11999:
11991:
11986:
11984:
11977:, p. 260
11976:
11971:
11969:
11967:
11960:, p. 159
11959:
11954:
11948:, p. 258
11947:
11942:
11936:
11931:
11929:
11922:, p. 258
11921:
11917:
11912:
11906:
11902:
11897:
11878:
11874:
11867:
11861:
11855:, p. 151
11854:
11849:
11842:
11837:
11831:, p. 150
11830:
11825:
11818:
11813:
11806:
11801:
11782:
11775:
11770:
11764:
11756:
11752:
11748:
11744:
11741:(3): 357–82.
11740:
11736:
11729:
11722:
11717:
11711:, p. 147
11710:
11705:
11703:
11686:
11682:
11678:
11672:
11656:
11652:
11648:
11642:
11626:
11622:
11618:
11612:
11604:
11600:
11596:
11590:
11583:
11578:
11570:
11564:
11560:
11559:
11551:
11542:
11534:
11528:
11524:
11517:
11501:
11500:
11492:
11485:
11481:
11477:
11473:
11461:
11455:
11451:
11450:
11445:
11439:
11423:
11419:
11412:
11404:
11398:
11394:
11393:
11385:
11376:
11371:
11365:
11361:
11360:
11354:
11351:
11346:
11340:
11336:
11331:
11319:
11315:
11309:
11305:
11304:
11298:
11297:
11294:
11285:
11281:
11275:
11271:
11270:
11264:
11261:
11260:
11254:
11248:
11244:
11243:
11237:
11234:
11221:
11217:
11211:
11207:
11206:
11200:
11197:
11184:
11180:
11174:
11170:
11169:
11163:
11162:
11159:
11150:
11137:
11124:
11118:
11114:
11113:
11108:
11104:
11101:
11088:
11084:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11065:
11064:
11061:
11052:
11039:
11035:
11029:
11025:
11024:
11018:
11015:
11002:
10998:
10992:
10988:
10987:
10981:
10980:
10977:
10968:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10943:
10939:
10935:
10931:
10930:
10927:
10920:
10915:
10913:0-521-25092-7
10909:
10905:
10898:
10891:
10883:
10877:
10873:
10866:
10864:
10856:
10852:
10846:
10842:
10835:
10828:
10824:
10818:
10814:
10807:
10800:
10795:
10789:
10785:
10778:
10771:
10758:
10754:
10750:
10746:
10742:
10738:
10734:
10730:
10726:
10722:
10718:
10714:
10707:
10700:
10688:
10684:
10683:
10678:
10672:
10665:
10653:
10649:
10648:
10643:
10641:
10633:
10624:
10622:
10613:
10609:
10608:
10600:
10592:
10591:
10583:
10575:
10571:
10567:
10566:
10558:
10550:
10546:
10545:
10537:
10533:
10519:
10515:
10511:
10498:
10491:
10485:
10478:
10472:
10465:
10461:
10454:
10450:
10446:
10442:
10435:
10431:
10427:
10420:
10416:
10412:
10405:
10401:
10397:
10390:
10386:
10382:
10375:
10371:
10367:
10363:
10357:
10350:
10344:
10337:
10331:
10322:
10313:
10304:
10295:
10288:
10284:
10283:British India
10280:
10276:
10271:
10264:
10258:
10252:
10248:
10244:
10238:
10232:
10226:
10222:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10165:
10160:
10149:
10146:
10135:
10132:
10121:
10118:
10107:
10098:
10093:
10091:
10086:
10084:
10079:
10078:
10076:
10075:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9968:
9961:
9960:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9921:Uttar Pradesh
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9858:
9851:
9850:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9796:
9795:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9773:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9753:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9743:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9733:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9715:
9710:
9709:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9693:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9673:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9663:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9643:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9633:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9613:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9603:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9593:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9579:
9577:
9576:Mughal Empire
9574:
9573:
9565:
9560:
9559:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9543:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9533:
9529:
9527:
9523:
9522:
9518:
9516:
9512:
9511:
9507:
9505:
9501:
9500:
9496:
9494:
9490:
9489:
9485:
9483:
9479:
9478:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9468:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9458:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9448:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9438:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9428:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9418:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9408:
9404:
9402:
9401:Reddy Kingdom
9399:
9398:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9388:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9378:
9374:
9372:
9368:
9367:
9363:
9361:
9357:
9356:
9352:
9350:
9346:
9345:
9341:
9339:
9335:
9334:
9330:
9328:
9324:
9323:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9303:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9285:
9280:
9279:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9252:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9192:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9152:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9142:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9128:
9126:
9125:Yadava Empire
9123:
9122:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9112:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9102:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9092:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9082:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9072:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9052:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9018:
9016:
9015:Harsha Empire
9013:
9012:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8964:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8954:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8934:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8914:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8904:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8894:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8884:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8842:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8832:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8822:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8802:
8798:
8796:
8795:Kushan Empire
8793:
8792:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8745:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8731:
8729:
8728:Shunga Empire
8726:
8725:
8710:
8708:
8707:Mitra Dynasty
8705:
8704:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8694:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8684:
8676:
8671:
8670:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8654:
8649: AD 500
8645: 250 BC
8639:
8637:
8634:
8633:
8628: 250 AD
8622:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8611: 300 BC
8605:
8603:
8600:
8599:
8594: 300 BC
8588:
8586:
8585:Chera Kingdom
8583:
8582:
8577: 300 BC
8571:
8569:
8568:Pandya Empire
8566:
8565:
8560: 300 AD
8556: 300 BC
8550:
8548:
8547:Sangam period
8545:
8544:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8530:
8528:
8527:Maurya Empire
8525:
8524:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8514:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8459:
8454: 600 BC
8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8422:
8418:
8416:
8412:
8411:
8408:(1200–600 BC)
8407:
8405:
8401:
8400:
8396:
8394:
8390:
8389:
8386:(1500–600 BC)
8385:
8383:
8379:
8378:
8375:(1500–500 BC)
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8362:(1500–200 BC)
8360:
8355:
8354:
8345:(1600–500 BC)
8344:
8342:
8338:
8337:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8326:
8323:(2000–500 BC)
8322:
8320:
8317:
8316:
8312:
8310:
8306:
8305:
8301:
8299:
8295:
8294:
8290:
8288:
8284:
8283:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8265:
8260:
8259:
8250:(1400–700 BC)
8249:
8247:
8246:Jorwe culture
8244:
8243:
8239:
8237:
8236:Malwa culture
8234:
8233:
8230:(1600–750 BC)
8229:
8227:
8226:Pandu culture
8224:
8223:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8213:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8196:
8188:
8183:
8182:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8138:
8133:
8132:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8100:
8095:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8067:
8057:
8052:
8050:
8045:
8043:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8034:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7946:
7945:British India
7942:
7941:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7923:
7921:
7920:Casa da Índia
7918:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7903:
7899:
7898:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7860:
7858:
7857:Swedish India
7855:
7854:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7833:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7813:
7810:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7764:
7760:
7755:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7708:
7699:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7646:
7644:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7629:in 1814, the
7628:
7624:
7620:
7615:
7613:
7609:
7606:In 1889, the
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7580:
7570:
7563:
7558:
7550:
7546:
7541:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7514:
7511:
7507:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7477:
7473:
7472:Vidurashwatha
7469:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7419:
7418:mass shooting
7415:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7371:
7368:
7367:Reginald Dyer
7364:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7349:
7347:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7326:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7303:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7284:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7262:
7254:
7250:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7211:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7125:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6976:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6909:
6903:
6890:
6880:
6879:summary style
6876:
6870:
6866:
6864:
6860:This article
6858:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6834:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6766:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6689:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6653:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6529:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6104:
6099:
6098:
6069:
6065:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6018:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5951:Mughal Empire
5947:
5943:
5939:
5928:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5909:
5908:British Crown
5901:
5896:
5886:
5881:
5879:
5878:David Gilmour
5872:
5862:
5859:
5854:
5852:
5847:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5779:
5775:
5770:
5762:
5754:
5749:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5721:
5720:Jamsetji Tata
5717:
5715:
5714:iron industry
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5669:
5662:
5658:
5653:
5643:
5639:
5629:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5564:
5531:
5529:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5391:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5325:E. S. Montagu
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5213:Mughal Empire
5210:
5209:British India
5206:
5202:
5196:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5049:Ajmer-Merwara
5047:
5046:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5022:
5019:
5011:
5009:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4980:Uttar Pradesh
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4886:and parts of
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4842:and parts of
4841:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4774:and parts of
4773:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4653:
4641:
4633:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:British Crown
4613:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4561:Native States
4558:
4557:British India
4552:
4548:
4544:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:18 April 1936
4290:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:18 April 1931
4261:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4131:World War I,
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4069:Railway Board
4066:
4064:
4063:Earl of Minto
4061:
4056:
4055:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3882:
3879:beginning in
3878:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3855:Earl of Elgin
3853:
3848:
3847:
3839:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3798:Gilgit Agency
3794:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3619:, the future
3618:
3615:Visit of the
3610:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:12 April 1876
3590:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3499:Earl of Elgin
3497:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:21 March 1862
3414:
3413:
3409:
3402:
3392:
3387:
3380:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3272:native forces
3269:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3257:British India
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3213:
3205:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3005:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2913:
2911:
2902:
2896:(right), 1942
2895:
2890:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:Sher-e-Bangla
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2816:Herbert Baker
2813:
2812:Edwin Lutyens
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2667:wounded. The
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2607:Muslim League
2604:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:Rowlatt Bills
2503:
2501:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:Anglo-Indians
2400:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2356:Edwin Montagu
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2330:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2310:Edwin Montagu
2305:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:Khudadad Khan
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1641:Bande Mataram
1637:
1636:Sri Aurobindo
1633:
1629:
1628:
1627:Bande Mataram
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1558:The viceroy,
1551:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1443:Thomas Baring
1440:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1275:famine scales
1272:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1245:British crown
1242:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1138:Uttar Pradesh
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:Although the
1116:(1850s-1870s)
1115:
1114:Francis Frith
1110:
1103:
1102:Francis Frith
1098:
1091:
1090:Francis Frith
1086:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1004:
1003:
995:
978:
973:
972:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
808:in 1989. The
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
739:Indian Empire
736:
733:, called the
732:
728:
727:British India
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
695:
691:
690:
682:
664:
642:
640:
637:
633:
632:
624:
622:
619:
615:
614:
606:
604:
601:
600:
592:
590:
587:
583:
582:
574:
572:
569:
568:
560:
558:
555:
554:
546:
544:
541:
537:
536:
533:
527:
524:
517:
516:
513:
512:Mughal Empire
510:
506:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
472:
468:
464:
458:
453:
449:
445:
442:
436:
432:
428:
421:
418:2 August 1858
417:
414:
408:
404:
401:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:
377:
373:
369:
366:
363:
357:
354:
351:
345:
341:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
313:
310:
307:
301:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
280:
277:
271:
268:
265:
259:
256:
253:
247:
244:
241:
235:
232:
229:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
162:
158:
153:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
118:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:British India
86:
81:
66:
62:
58:
53:
46:
43:
41:
37:
33:
19:
28365:Martial arts
28289:Architecture
28162:Demographics
28147:Caste system
28124:Society and
27774:Construction
27556:By net worth
27390:Indian rupee
27193:Reservations
27061:Intelligence
26964:Human rights
26949:Constitution
26707:Subdivisions
26400:Indian Plate
26390:Fossil Parks
26325:Contemporary
26240:World War II
26182:
26117:Early Modern
26107:Vijayanagara
26003:Vedic period
25873:India topics
25733:Martial arts
25623:Colonial era
25618:Early modern
25568:Caste system
25353:Austronesian
25294:Northwestern
25136:South Africa
25131:Sierra Leone
25078:
25074:
24908:Two Sicilies
24843:Papal States
24643:
24582:
24475:
24341:
24101:Cook Islands
23954:
23940:Saudi Arabia
23869:
23490:
23473:
23465:
23431:
23423:
23415:
23409:Saint Helena
23407:
23351:
23343:
23193:Cook Islands
23144:
23117:New Hebrides
23086:20th century
23002:West Florida
22987:
22973:
22905:Rhode Island
22883:Pennsylvania
22841:Newfoundland
22778:
22703:
22653:East Florida
22624:16th c.–1880
22613:
22565:
22462:Crown Colony
22450:Pulo Condore
22424:Crown Colony
22418:North Borneo
22337:
22291:
22250:Protectorate
22199:unrecognised
22193:in 1965 (as
22132:
22085:South Africa
22073:Sierra Leone
22060:Saint Helena
22058:
22053:Orange River
21931:Bechuanaland
21912:
21870:Protectorate
21829:
21805:
21769:
21749:and Current
21674:Constitution
21662:Independence
21549:
21520:Vanchinathan
21150:Bhagat Singh
21105:Annie Besant
21066:Independence
21047:Vinoba Bhave
20851:
20847:Swaraj Party
20751:Lucknow Pact
20661:Purna Swaraj
20651:Nehru Report
20558:
20462:Philosophies
20450:
20416:Polygar Wars
20344:French India
20338:
20329:Dutch Bengal
20319:Colonisation
20260:1921 edition
20255:1930 edition
20246:
20240:
20233:
20226:
20217:
20209:
20203:1861 edition
20198:
20182:
20161:
20151:
20142:
20105:
20086:. Springer.
20082:
20065:
20058:
20051:
20047:
20023:
20019:
20011:
20007:
19991:
19987:
19979:
19969:
19962:
19955:
19948:
19941:
19917:
19913:
19891:(1): 23–41.
19888:
19884:
19867:
19863:
19840:
19807:
19803:
19785:
19761:
19757:
19749:
19742:
19711:
19707:
19699:
19674:
19670:
19645:
19641:
19633:
19625:15 September
19623:, retrieved
19603:
19594:
19587:
19577:
19573:
19566:
19535:
19531:
19523:
19516:
19509:
19490:
19483:
19472:, retrieved
19463:
19451:
19417:
19413:
19405:
19387:
19368:
19343:
19339:
19328:
19311:
19301:
19284:
19266:
19245:
19224:
19207:
19197:
19185:
19168:
19149:
19127:
19116:
19098:
19087:
19080:
19063:
19031:
19027:
19019:
19015:
18997:
18988:
18979:
18966:
18957:
18939:
18921:
18894:
18890:
18856:
18852:
18829:
18817:, retrieved
18811:
18802:
18792:, retrieved
18777:
18768:
18758:
18743:
18733:, retrieved
18714:
18702:
18695:
18677:
18653:
18633:
18614:
18595:
18568:
18564:
18553:
18536:
18528:
18516:15 September
18514:, retrieved
18504:
18492:
18484:21 September
18482:, retrieved
18467:
18454:22 September
18452:, retrieved
18432:
18410:
18389:
18362:
18354:
18336:
18322:
18311:, retrieved
18291:
18268:
18245:
18230:
18220:
18201:
18177:
18168:
18161:
18143:
18129:the original
18124:
18112:
18092:
18074:, retrieved
18054:
18034:
18023:
18009:
17991:
17972:
17960:
17942:
17934:
17927:
17917:
17913:
17907:
17903:
17896:
17879:
17870:15 September
17868:, retrieved
17848:
17828:
17820:Bose, Sugata
17801:
17778:
17758:
17755:Bayly, C. A.
17736:
17728:
17721:
17709:Bibliography
17694:. Retrieved
17685:
17676:
17664:. Retrieved
17647:
17638:
17626:. Retrieved
17617:
17608:
17579:
17567:. Retrieved
17559:HistoryExtra
17558:
17549:
17529:
17507:. Retrieved
17498:
17488:
17476:. Retrieved
17467:
17458:
17446:. Retrieved
17437:
17428:
17416:. Retrieved
17413:HistoryExtra
17412:
17403:
17391:. Retrieved
17387:
17378:
17358:
17351:
17339:. Retrieved
17335:
17326:
17318:
17313:
17288:
17284:
17278:
17267:
17262:
17250:. Retrieved
17241:
17219:
17214:
17195:
17189:
17166:
17160:
17137:
17131:
17112:
17084:
17078:
17059:
17053:
17030:
17024:
17005:
16999:
16976:
16970:
16961:
16954:. Retrieved
16944:
16938:
16919:
16913:
16904:
16890:
16884:
16861:
16829:
16823:
16815:
16810:
16798:
16773:
16769:
16763:
16751:. Retrieved
16744:the original
16731:
16727:
16714:
16702:. Retrieved
16691:
16682:
16670:
16658:. Retrieved
16653:
16644:
16632:. Retrieved
16627:
16618:
16606:. Retrieved
16602:the original
16597:
16588:
16578:
16555:. Retrieved
16544:
16535:
16526:
16518:
16495:. Retrieved
16491:the original
16486:
16477:
16465:. Retrieved
16460:
16436:
16428:
16420:
16400:
16393:
16384:
16378:
16358:
16351:
16339:. Retrieved
16335:
16326:
16314:. Retrieved
16310:the original
16300:
16288:. Retrieved
16274:
16239:
16235:
16225:
16213:. Retrieved
16209:the original
16199:
16187:. Retrieved
16183:the original
16173:
16154:
16142:. Retrieved
16128:
16109:
16090:
16071:
16054:
16042:
16030:
16018:
16006:
15994:
15982:
15970:
15965:, p. 7.
15958:
15946:
15934:
15903:
15891:
15879:
15867:. Retrieved
15849:
15837:. Retrieved
15820:
15808:. Retrieved
15798:
15791:
15779:. Retrieved
15762:
15750:. Retrieved
15732:
15720:. Retrieved
15703:
15691:. Retrieved
15681:
15674:
15662:. Retrieved
15644:
15632:. Retrieved
15615:
15603:. Retrieved
15585:
15576:
15554:(1): 33–63.
15551:
15547:
15541:
15535:(5): 441–60.
15532:
15528:
15522:
15500:(8): 76–79.
15497:
15493:
15484:
15476:
15471:
15456:
15451:
15439:. Retrieved
15420:
15416:
15406:
15394:. Retrieved
15384:
15372:. Retrieved
15360:
15351:
15339:. Retrieved
15334:
15324:
15316:
15311:
15299:. Retrieved
15287:
15262:
15257:
15245:. Retrieved
15239:. F. Smith.
15236:
15195:
15186:
15181:, p. 12
15174:
15162:
15137:
15133:
15127:
15108:
15099:
15087:
15067:
15057:
15045:. Retrieved
15018:
15014:
15000:
14975:
14971:
14965:
14953:
14944:
14932:
14920:. Retrieved
14916:the original
14909:
14886:
14880:
14868:
14856:. Retrieved
14852:the original
14847:
14827:
14822:
14814:
14809:
14790:
14784:
14765:
14756:
14737:
14731:
14697:
14691:
14658:
14654:
14648:
14629:
14623:
14611:
14586:
14582:
14576:
14556:. Retrieved
14542:
14518:
14513:, p. 37
14506:
14481:
14477:
14471:
14444:
14435:
14423:
14404:
14398:
14390:
14385:
14360:
14356:
14350:
14323:
14296:
14276:, p. 72
14265:
14253:
14248:, p. 76
14241:
14229:
14205:, p. 96
14198:
14186:
14174:
14162:. Retrieved
14137:
14133:
14123:
14088:
14084:
14074:
14054:, p. 56
14047:
14024:, p. 60
14006:
13998:
13992:
13986:
13974:. Retrieved
13954:
13948:
13933:
13928:
13920:
13917:
13913:
13906:
13903:
13899:
13887:. Retrieved
13873:
13855:
13850:
13838:. Retrieved
13828:
13822:
13812:
13805:
13797:
13792:
13778:
13771:
13761:
13754:
13746:
13741:
13729:. Retrieved
13722:
13714:
13700:
13680:
13673:
13661:. Retrieved
13655:
13648:
13640:
13635:
13626:
13614:. Retrieved
13610:the original
13605:
13596:
13588:
13581:. Retrieved
13572:
13563:
13547:
13539:
13520:
13508:. Retrieved
13488:
13480:
13468:
13456:
13429:
13420:21 September
13418:, retrieved
13403:
13396:
13391:, p. 2.
13384:
13372:
13365:Wolpert 2006
13360:
13333:
13321:
13309:
13297:
13260:(1): 69–74.
13257:
13253:
13247:
13239:
13234:
13209:
13205:
13199:
13193:(3): 136–37.
13190:
13189:(Critique).
13186:
13175:
13150:
13142:
13118:
13108:
13096:
13084:. Retrieved
13070:
13065:(2007) p. 43
13062:
13057:
13045:. Retrieved
13036:
13012:. Retrieved
13003:
12978:
12970:
12962:
12955:15 September
12953:. Retrieved
12925:
12921:
12908:
12896:
12889:Brendon 2008
12884:
12872:
12839:
12835:
12829:
12799:(1): 47–73.
12796:
12792:
12786:
12762:
12756:
12731:
12725:
12717:
12712:
12700:
12640:Chhabra 2005
12635:
12574:(2007) ch. 2
12571:
12566:
12554:
12449:. Retrieved
12442:the original
12437:
12424:
12392:
12387:
12375:
12363:. Retrieved
12348:
12309:
12283:Wolpert 2004
12278:
12266:
12258:
12250:
12239:
12234:
12225:
12200:
12194:
12188:
12179:
12174:(1965) p. 77
12171:
12166:
12158:
12153:
12141:
12130:
12125:
12117:
12112:
12100:
12088:
12069:
12064:
12037:
12018:
12012:
11953:
11941:
11911:
11896:
11884:. Retrieved
11873:sas.ed.ac.uk
11872:
11860:
11848:
11836:
11824:
11812:
11800:
11788:. Retrieved
11781:the original
11768:
11763:
11738:
11734:
11728:
11716:
11689:. Retrieved
11680:
11671:
11659:. Retrieved
11650:
11641:
11629:. Retrieved
11620:
11611:
11603:the original
11598:
11589:
11577:
11557:
11550:
11541:
11522:
11516:
11504:. Retrieved
11498:
11491:
11465:19 September
11463:, retrieved
11448:
11438:
11426:. Retrieved
11411:
11391:
11384:
11373:
11358:
11348:
11334:
11322:, retrieved
11302:
11293:
11283:
11268:
11258:
11256:
11241:
11231:
11224:, retrieved
11204:
11194:
11187:, retrieved
11167:
11158:
11135:
11133:
11126:, retrieved
11111:
11098:
11091:, retrieved
11072:
11060:
11049:
11042:, retrieved
11022:
11012:
11005:, retrieved
10985:
10976:
10966:
10962:
10951:
10937:
10926:
10917:
10903:
10897:
10885:
10871:
10854:
10840:
10834:
10826:
10812:
10806:
10797:
10783:
10777:
10768:
10761:. Retrieved
10720:
10716:
10706:
10698:
10691:, retrieved
10681:
10677:"Simla Town"
10671:
10663:
10656:, retrieved
10646:
10639:
10632:
10606:
10599:
10589:
10582:
10564:
10557:
10551:p. 136.
10543:
10536:
10497:
10484:
10477:Anglo-Indian
10471:
10356:
10343:
10330:
10321:
10312:
10303:
10294:
10270:
10257:
10249:through the
10237:
10225:
10131:India portal
9986:Demographics
9976:Architecture
9775:
9756:French India
9746:Danish India
9626:Bengal Subah
9616:Bhoi dynasty
9546:Koch Kingdom
9381:Ahom Kingdom
9255:Deva Kingdom
8947:Huna Kingdom
8887:Gupta Empire
8789:(AD 35–405 )
8748:Kanva Empire
8720: 50 BC
8602:Chola Empire
8541:(312–303 BC)
8531:(321–184 BC)
8521:(330–323 BC)
8511:(380–321 BC)
8507:Nanda Empire
8501:(424–345 BC)
8483:(550–330 BC)
8439:(684–424 BC)
8429:(799–684 BC)
8419:(700–200 BC)
8341:Swat culture
8187:Chalcolithic
8099:Palaeolithic
7992:
7963:EIC in India
7887:French India
7877:Danish India
7791:
7768:
7714:
7705:
7678:
7647:
7616:
7605:
7596:metropolitan
7557:liberal arts
7554:
7534:
7529:
7515:
7508:(1800–1859)
7504:
7399:
7357:
7355:
7330:Robert Grant
7327:
7304:
7285:
7246:
7212:
7209:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7043:
7042:
7018:
6978:
6946:
6922:
6884:
6861:
6817:386,666,623
6811:350,529,557
6805:316,128,721
6799:313,547,840
6793:294,361,056
6787:287,223,431
6781:253,891,821
6775:190,563,048
6425:Christianity
6236:255,280,369
6230:239,613,929
6224:216,734,586
6218:217,586,892
6212:207,147,026
6206:207,731,727
6200:188,685,913
6194:139,248,568
6046:
6042:
6019:
6008:
5970:
5966:
5959:
5938:Edmund Burke
5934:
5921:
5905:
5883:
5874:
5855:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5831:narrow gauge
5827:
5819:
5803:
5787:
5783:
5735:
5732:Dorabji Tata
5724:
5718:
5698:stiff tariff
5683:
5670:
5666:
5622:
5605:
5600:Delhi Durbar
5582:Legal system
5572:commissioner
5569:
5565:
5532:
5524:
5465:
5461:
5433:non-official
5432:
5428:
5425:
5412:Lord Canning
5406:
5387:
5363:Company rule
5355:Lord Canning
5309:Charles Wood
5305:India Office
5294:
5268:
5242:Organisation
5229:
5201:vassal state
5198:
5153:
5124:
5069:
5017:
5007:
5005:
4848:Chhattisgarh
4635:
4610:
4594:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4520:India Office
4351:India Office
4347:Burma Office
4321:Creation of
4244:3 April 1926
4174:2 April 1921
4159:, 1915–16);
4157:Siege of Kut
4116:Delhi Durbar
4094:4 April 1916
3971:(previously
3810:to Indians.
3655:Delhi Durbar
3576:Creation of
3562:Earl of Mayo
3464:James Wilson
3335:
3288:
3276:
3261:
3248:public trial
3245:
3218:
3103:World War II
3069:
3037:
3025:
3014:
3006:
2982:
2974:
2971:
2962:
2914:
2907:
2869:
2865:
2788:Samuel Hoare
2764:
2756:
2744:
2733:
2708:Purna Swaraj
2706:
2696:
2685:
2674:
2641:
2634:Bhagat Singh
2562:
2539:Purna Swaraj
2504:
2488:
2440:
2434:recommended
2407:Annie Besant
2387:
2360:
2340:Lucknow Pact
2337:
2265:
2248:district in
2243:
2236:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2173:
2162:
2150:South Africa
2083:Annie Besant
2076:
2070:
2046:Lucknow Pact
2025:
2018:
1990:
1986:Annie Besant
1974:Lord Harding
1967:
1931:
1905:Annie Besant
1882:
1844:Lucknow Pact
1835:
1826:Ghadar Party
1807:
1791:
1779:
1760:
1722:
1695:
1655:
1651:
1639:
1625:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1595:
1568:
1557:
1549:
1533:
1482:
1467:
1457:founded the
1448:
1441:
1437:
1425:utilitarians
1409:
1401:
1378:
1351:
1259:
1238:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1119:
1059:
968:protectorate
933:
917:Persian Gulf
874:
824:
822:
772:states: the
743:
738:
718:
714:
710:
662:
660:
635:
617:
585:
539:
508:
490:Succeeded by
489:
484:
474:Indian rupee
461:• Total
433:18 July 1947
365:William Hare
262:• 1936
60:
42:
40:
28407:Traditional
28084:Banking Act
28069:SARFESI Act
27983:Electricity
27804:Oil and gas
27794:Electricity
27747:Agriculture
27731:West Bengal
27721:Uttarakhand
27686:Maharashtra
27525:Licence Raj
27480:Black money
27339:Remittances
27183:Nationalism
27168:Citizenship
27001:Enforcement
26986:High Courts
26863:Rajya Sabha
26524:sanctuaries
26474:Earthquakes
26446:Environment
26261:Integration
26235:1943 famine
26183:British Raj
26150:Late modern
26074:Middle Ages
26038:Alchon Huns
25950:Mathematics
25940:Linguistics
25586:Archaeology
25501:Environment
25391:Afro-Asians
25213:Afghanistan
25075:British Raj
25047:(Sri Lanka)
24933:Württemberg
24645:South Yemen
24533:Maguindanao
24426:Afghanistan
24187:Barotseland
24123:Saint Lucia
24096:New Zealand
24005:Netherlands
23778:Chhatrapati
23762:Sovereignty
23702:Aristocracy
23526:Anglosphere
23244:New Zealand
23153:New Zealand
23022:West Jersey
22937:Saint Lucia
22923:Saint Kitts
22917:Saint Croix
22897:1763–1791*
22865:Nova Scotia
22811:New England
22767:, 1691–1776
22734:East Jersey
22722:Connecticut
22601:Bay Islands
22488:Transjordan
22406:Mesopotamia
22244:Afghanistan
22238:Aden Colony
22023:Niger Coast
21989:) 1874–1957
21965:East Africa
21947:Cape Colony
21937:) 1884–1966
21927:) 1868–1966
21618:Mountbatten
21240:Hemu Kalani
21120:Bagha Jatin
21057:Vivekananda
20812:India House
20696:Act of 1935
20471:Ambedkarism
20339:British Raj
20143:british raj
20132:British Raj
20123:British Raj
20113:British Raj
19242:Rai, Lajpat
18819:21 February
18794:21 February
18673:Davis, Mike
18313:13 February
18235:online free
17618:The Tribune
17438:India Today
17388:www.bbc.com
17336:Nikkei Asia
17244:. History.
16956:10 February
16803:Moore 2001a
16037:, p. 7
16023:Koomar 2009
15396:14 February
15374:14 February
15341:14 February
15105:Bear, Laura
14978:(2): 1–15.
14222:Moore 2001a
14191:Moore 2001a
14179:Moore 2001a
14164:17 November
14140:: 217–229.
13840:20 February
13731:21 February
13663:21 February
13552:Sarkar 2004
13510:21 February
13039:. History.
13037:History.com
12961:; Muldoon,
12705:Ludden 2002
12642:, p. 2
12365:21 February
12331:Ludden 2002
12302:Ludden 2002
12255:Peter Heehs
12161:(1962) p 67
12146:Ludden 2002
12083:pp. 411–36.
11790:15 February
10638:"Calcutta (
10490:Nat Worship
10374:Kumbhipatia
10370:Kabirpanthi
10349:Edward VIII
9971:Agriculture
9941:South India
9916:Maharashtra
9866:Balochistan
9806:Afghanistan
9780:(1858–1947)
9776:British Raj
9770:(1757–1858)
9766:Company Raj
9760:(1759–1954)
9750:(1620–1869)
9740:(1605–1825)
9736:Dutch India
9730:(1510–1961)
9717:(1510–1961)
9700:(1799–1849)
9696:Sikh Empire
9690:(1729–1947)
9680:(1707–1799)
9670:(1674–1818)
9660:(1650–1948)
9650:(1642–1975)
9640:(1600–1750)
9630:(1576–1757)
9620:(1541–1804)
9610:(1532–1673)
9600:(1529–1736)
9590:(1540–1556)
9580:(1526–1858)
9567:(1526–1858)
9550:(1515–1947)
9540:(1499–1763)
9530:(1518–1687)
9519:(1492–1686)
9508:(1492–1619)
9497:(1490–1574)
9486:(1490–1636)
9475:(1490–1596)
9465:(1470–1842)
9455:(1434–1541)
9445:(1399–1947)
9435:(1358–1803)
9425:(1352–1576)
9415:(1336–1646)
9405:(1325–1448)
9395:(1300–1779)
9385:(1228–1826)
9375:(1451–1526)
9364:(1414–1451)
9353:(1320–1414)
9342:(1290–1320)
9331:(1206–1290)
9320:(1206–1526)
9310:(1170–1206)
9287:(1206–1526)
9268: 1300
9264: 1200
9249:(1187–1673)
9239:(1156–1184)
9219:(1102–1766)
9209:(1083–1323)
9199:(1078–1434)
9189:(1070–1230)
9185:Sena Empire
9179:(1040–1347)
9169:(1003–1320)
9095:Pala Empire
8957:Rai Kingdom
8799:(AD 60–240)
8732:(185–73 BC)
8488:Ror Dynasty
8208: 3950
7993:British Raj
7950:(1600–1947)
7907:(1505–1961)
7867:Dutch India
7809:local games
7682:(1866) and
7519:Edward Eyre
7489:Macaulayism
7400:Salanga Day
7231:Amartya Sen
7044:British Raj
6996:Madras City
6956:Madras City
6651:25,441,489
6633:10,295,168
6350:12,786,806
6344:11,571,268
6338:10,721,453
6296:92,058,096
6290:77,677,545
6284:68,735,233
6278:66,647,299
6272:62,458,077
6266:57,321,164
6260:50,121,585
6254:40,882,537
5840:East Africa
5836:Mesopotamia
5550:members (26
5542:elected, 26
5538:members (32
5476:secretaries
5357:, the last
5317:John Morley
5236:residencies
5110:Balochistan
5008:East Bengal
4984:Uttarakhand
4844:Maharashtra
4776:Maharashtra
4732:West Bengal
4667:(millions)
4662:Total area
4649: 1907
4460:Indian Army
4438:Indian Army
4362:Indian Army
4237:introduced
4205:Rowlatt Act
4203:Passage of
4183:Indian Army
4164:Passage of
4133:Indian Army
3881:Bundelkhand
3861:Indian Army
3832:Afghanistan
3828:Durand Line
3702:Ilbert Bill
3639:Baluchistan
3634:Lord Lytton
3630:8 June 1880
3525:(1864–1865)
2940:in Bengal,
2515:Rowlatt Act
2419:Rowlatt Act
2207:Hind Swaraj
2063:Shaukat Ali
1970:Mesopotamia
1947:Middle East
1891:World War I
1887:Mesopotamia
1798:John Morley
1767:Dacca Nawab
1749:1857 Mutiny
1579:West Bengal
1560:Lord Curzon
1510:Lord Curzon
1416:Ilbert Bill
1216: 1873
901:Upper Burma
897:Lower Burma
889:Thar Desert
881:Pondicherry
818:Aden Colony
798:Upper Burma
794:Lower Burma
784:(later the
776:(later the
766:partitioned
731:paramountcy
663:British Raj
485:Preceded by
405:10 May 1857
375:Legislature
267:Edward VIII
149:(1858–1911)
28432:Categories
28358:television
28348:Literature
28152:Corruption
27875:Television
27843:Healthcare
27764:Automotive
27711:Tamil Nadu
27578:Labour law
27561:Demography
27364:NITI Aayog
27270:Governance
27256:BSE SENSEX
27208:Secularism
27163:Censorship
26954:Penal Code
26853:Parliament
26830:Government
26635:Waterfalls
26479:Ecoregions
26342:Pokhran-II
26140:Bengal War
25955:Metallurgy
25688:Bangladesh
25598:Bronze Age
25481:Philosophy
25466:Literature
25363:Indo-Aryan
25343:Andamanese
25218:Bangladesh
25141:Tanganyika
25056:The Gambia
24984:Niuē-Fekai
24923:Yugoslavia
24823:Montenegro
24630:Upper Yafa
24625:Upper Asir
24262:Madagascar
23995:Luxembourg
23727:Government
23692:Abdication
23661:Hereditary
23589:Monarchies
23478:since 1908
23470:since 1908
23436:since 1833
23428:since 1816
23420:since 1815
23412:since 1658
23369:department
23356:since 1908
23348:since 1833
23149:since 1838
23129:Swan River
23123:Queensland
23010:1958–1962
22992:since 1666
22978:since 1799
22829:New Jersey
22799:New Albion
22783:since 1632
22780:Montserrat
22761:1629–1691
22708:since 1670
22630:1858–1866
22618:since 1619
22570:since 1650
22523:Bangladesh
22458:1841–1946
22420:1882–1963
22386:Federation
22364:1819–1826
22302:Seychelles
22246:1839–1842
22137:since 1816
22121:Tanganyika
22079:Somaliland
22067:Seychelles
22063:since 1658
21983:Gold Coast
21977:The Gambia
21921:Basutoland
21917:since 1815
21859:Free State
21852:1542–1800
21838:Heligoland
21834:since 1713
21648:Linlithgow
21588:Chelmsford
21578:Cornwallis
21490:Tatya Tope
21360:Nana Saheb
21265:K. Kamaraj
21215:Dhan Singh
21130:Bakht Khan
20782:Arya Samaj
20716:Quit India
20666:Salt March
20525:Events and
20501:Satyagraha
20067:Frykenberg
19095:Low, D. A.
18874:1885/51009
18735:9 November
17968:Low, D. A.
16753:1 February
16660:4 December
16634:4 December
16047:Davis 2001
16035:Davis 2001
15963:Davis 2001
15908:Grove 2007
15896:Grove 2007
15441:25 January
15335:Al Jazeera
15288:Nios.ac.uk
15179:Brown 1994
15092:Stein 2001
15047:20 January
14937:Satya 2008
14724:Satya 2008
14570:required.)
14558:28 January
14511:Davis 2001
14274:Bayly 1990
14270:Peers 2006
14258:Bayly 1990
14246:Peers 2006
14203:Brown 1994
14039:, p.
13976:9 November
13889:24 January
13544:Brown 1994
13434:Stein 2001
13314:Stein 2010
12693:Stein 2001
12676:Brown 1994
12659:Spear 1990
12628:Brown 1994
12599:Brown 1994
12559:Brown 1994
12547:Brown 1994
12528:Brown 1994
12509:Brown 1994
12488:Brown 1994
12471:Brown 1994
12451:9 December
12417:Brown 1994
12314:Stein 2001
12093:Spear 1990
12042:Spear 1990
11975:Stein 2001
11958:Stein 2001
11946:Stein 2001
11920:Stein 2001
11901:Stein 2001
11886:6 November
11853:Spear 1990
11841:Spear 1990
11829:Spear 1990
11817:Spear 1990
11805:Spear 1990
11721:Spear 1990
11709:Spear 1990
11691:2 December
11681:Britannica
11661:2 December
11651:Britannica
11582:Codrington
11134:Table 14.
10934:"Raj, the"
10610:. Madras:
10568:. Bombay:
10528:References
10505:responses.
10263:suzerainty
10051:Philosophy
10031:Metallurgy
10021:Literature
9946:Tamil Nadu
9811:Bangladesh
9586:Sur Empire
9300:(977–1186)
9266: – c.
9229:(675–1210)
9159:(973–1189)
9149:(942–1244)
9139:(882–1110)
9129:(850–1334)
9119:(800–1327)
9099:(750–1174)
9079:(694–1947)
9059:(650–1036)
9039:(624–1075)
9007: 700
9005: – c.
9003: 550
8976: 500
8921:(350–1100)
8911:(350–1000)
8879: 600
8877: – c.
8875: 250
8858: 500
8856: – c.
8854: 250
8777: 130
8752:(75–26 BC)
8718: – c.
8716: 150
8647: – c.
8613:– AD 1279)
8596:– AD 1102)
8579:– AD 1345)
8558: – c.
8471: 600
8456:– AD 1600)
8264:Bronze Age
7775:influenced
7718:Cornwallis
7658:Methodists
7227:Mike Davis
7181:1943–1944
7166:1899–1900
7151:1896–1897
7136:1888–1889
7117:1876–1878
7102:1873–1874
7087:1868–1870
7072:1865–1867
7057:1860–1861
7032:1837–1838
7008:1789–1795
6968:1783–1784
6936:1769–1770
6863:duplicates
6841:See also:
6722:5,450,896
6711:1,449,286
6705:1,252,105
6699:1,178,596
6693:1,248,182
6687:1,334,148
6681:1,416,638
6675:1,221,896
6645:8,280,347
6639:9,774,611
6627:8,584,148
6621:9,280,467
6615:6,570,092
6476:6,316,549
6470:6,296,763
6464:4,754,064
6458:3,876,203
6452:2,923,241
6446:2,284,380
6440:1,862,634
6416:5,691,447
6410:4,335,771
6404:3,238,803
6398:3,014,466
6392:2,195,339
6386:1,907,833
6380:1,853,426
6374:1,174,436
6332:9,476,759
6326:7,131,361
6320:3,418,884
6314:2,832,851
6032:, Greater
5975:Demography
5865:Irrigation
5694:free trade
5659:depicting
5341:K.G. Gupta
5154:ex officio
5125:ex officio
5070:ex officio
5053:(parts of
4948:Chandigarh
4884:Tamil Nadu
4728:Bangladesh
4612:Suzerainty
4569:). In its
4268:Lord Irwin
4108:Queen Mary
3966:(1903–04)
3951:Edward VII
3874:(1896–97)
3621:Edward VII
3601:Deaths in
3505:Dharamsala
3474:, creates
3472:income tax
3169:See also:
2973: [
2839:See also:
2740:Quit India
2575:loin-cloth
2525:See also:
2473:, and the
2417:See also:
2382:diarchical
2292:See also:
2262:Satyagraha
2200:Satyagraha
2196:Satyagraha
2188:Satyagraha
2180:Satyagraha
2175:Satyagraha
2127:See also:
1838:See also:
1762:Anand Math
1757:Arya Samaj
1726:Lord Minto
1677:Lord Minto
1485:, violence
1412:Lord Ripon
1394:Max Müller
1323:Congress,
1285:See also:
1231:Lord Ripon
1209:Agra canal
694:Hindustani
243:Edward VII
201:Government
192:Demonym(s)
172:Hindustani
105:, and the
28390:Sculpture
28343:Festivals
28309:Webcomics
28261:Sexuality
28211:Languages
28174:Education
28004:Regulator
27951:Transport
27848:Hospitals
27784:Education
27752:Livestock
27716:Telangana
27706:Rajasthan
27666:Karnataka
27661:Jharkhand
27465:Insurance
27444:Inflation
27349:Subsidies
27248:Companies
27178:Democracy
27173:Elections
27145:Air Force
26870:President
26858:Lok Sabha
26735:Districts
26690:Southeast
26685:Southwest
26675:Northeast
26668:Northwest
26630:Volcanoes
26590:Mountains
26533:Landforms
26370:Geography
26245:Partition
26210:Zamindari
25993:Stone Age
25930:Economics
25915:Astronomy
25896:Overviews
25755:Education
25476:Mythology
25461:Languages
25373:Nuristani
25358:Dravidian
25284:Sri Lanka
25250:Northeast
25238:Northwest
25111:Mauritius
25004:Rarotonga
24989:Nuku Hiva
24979:Mangareva
24954:Bora Bora
24833:Neuchâtel
24803:Lithuania
24708:Catalonia
24595:Sri Lanka
24548:Manchukuo
24523:Kurdistan
24477:Indonesia
24400:Talamanca
24360:Araucanía
24343:and other
24322:Wassoulou
24066:Australia
23742:Oligarchy
23462:1841–1947
23449:1841–1933
23340:1831–1966
23334:1670–1688
23328:1651–1667
23322:1631–1641
23252:1914–1962
23246:1907–1947
23239:1901–1942
23237:Australia
23232:1900–1974
23226:1900–1970
23214:1893–1978
23207:1892–1979
23201:1889–1948
23195:1888–1901
23189:Rarotonga
23185:1884–1902
23179:1877–1976
23173:1874–1970
23167:1851–1901
23161:1846–1847
23155:1841–1907
23141:1836–1901
23135:1829–1901
23125:1824–1901
23119:1824–1980
23113:1807–1863
23107:1803–1901
23097:1788–1901
23030:1833–1960
23024:1674–1702
23016:1967–1983
23004:1763–1783
22998:1607–1776
22984:1849–1866
22970:1889–1962
22964:1862–1863
22958:1712–1776
22952:1635–1644
22946:1627–1979
22939:1605–1979
22932:1882–1983
22925:1623–1983
22919:1625–1650
22913:1670–1870
22907:1636–1776
22901:1853–1863
22891:1620–1691
22885:1681–1776
22879:1763–1873
22867:1713–1867
22861:1859–1870
22855:1712–1776
22849:1583–1907
22843:1907–1949
22837:1664–1776
22825:1637–1662
22823:New Haven
22819:1680–1776
22813:1686–1689
22807:1784–1867
22795:1628–1983
22789:1655–1860
22775:1632–1776
22749:1655–1962
22742:1733–1776
22736:1674–1702
22730:1701–1776
22724:1636–1776
22718:1818–1846
22700:1663–1712
22692:1867–1931
22686:1841–1867
22680:1791–1841
22674:1791–1841
22662:1762–1974
22655:1763–1783
22649:1763–1978
22643:1754–1820
22634:1866–1871
22610:1871–1981
22603:1643–1860
22597:1624–1966
22591:1670–1973
22584:1860–1981
22577:1632–1860
22502:1898–1930
22496:1892–1971
22490:1921–1946
22484:1826–1946
22478:1945–1946
22472:1946–1963
22470:Singapore
22464:1946–1963
22452:1702–1705
22446:1786–1946
22440:1923–1948
22438:Palestine
22426:1946–1963
22414:1891–1971
22408:1920–1932
22402:1762–1764
22396:1796–1965
22388:1948–1957
22382:1946–1948
22376:1885–1946
22370:1895–1946
22358:1848–1946
22352:1918–1961
22346:1811–1816
22340:1858–1947
22334:1841–1997
22332:Hong Kong
22328:1878–1960
22322:1795–1948
22316:1888–1984
22310:1824–1948
22298:Mauritius
22288:1874–1963
22276:1757–1947
22270:1812–1824
22260:1685–1824
22258:Bencoolen
22252:1879–1919
22240:1839–1967
22155:1887–1897
22149:1890–1963
22143:1890–1962
22129:1900–1910
22127:Transvaal
22123:1922–1961
22117:1899–1956
22111:1893–1968
22109:Swaziland
22105:1900–1914
22093:1915–1931
22087:1910–1931
22081:1884–1960
22075:1792–1961
22069:1903–1976
22055:1900–1910
22049:1891–1964
22047:Nyasaland
22043:1924–1964
22037:1900–1914
22031:1914–1960
22025:1884–1900
22019:1856–1910
22013:1810–1968
22011:Mauritius
22007:1807–1808
22001:1862–1906
21995:1920–1963
21979:1816–1965
21973:1882–1922
21967:1895–1920
21961:1891–1907
21955:1806–1910
21949:1795–1803
21943:1919–1961
21941:Cameroons
21878:1813–1964
21872:1800–1813
21861:1921–1931
21846:1809–1864
21840:1807–1890
21831:Gibraltar
21826:1878–1960
21820:1794–1796
21774:*Current
21623:Wellesley
21608:Dalhousie
21470:Surya Sen
21365:P. Kakkan
21325:Mir Qasim
21300:M. N. Roy
21235:Har Dayal
21068:activists
20897:Baba Amte
20887:Ayyankali
20865:reformers
20787:Azad Hind
20527:movements
20506:Socialism
20167:pp 55–79.
20040:144515505
19934:145802033
19824:144217855
19778:153716644
19736:144581168
19560:146480332
19444:150456443
19352:0012-9976
19056:143348610
18911:146232991
18883:162783898
18585:147335168
18558:full text
18289:(2010) ,
18267:(2001) ,
18243:(1990) ,
18198:(2004) ,
17826:(2004) ,
17800:(1994) ,
17696:4 January
17666:4 January
17656:0013-0613
17628:4 January
17569:4 January
17509:4 January
17478:4 January
17448:4 January
17418:31 August
17393:31 August
17305:0306-8374
16790:159825918
16704:18 August
16557:19 August
16497:16 August
16467:16 August
16457:"History"
16341:18 August
16290:9 January
15999:Bose 1916
15568:144517813
15369:0013-0389
15337:(Opinion)
15154:144605629
15065:(2007) .
15023:CiteSeerX
14992:168461253
14911:The Hindu
14848:Irfca.org
14683:146480332
14603:144471617
14377:144532499
14154:2658-1671
14115:251601027
14107:2710-3617
13525:Hyam 2007
13473:Judd 2004
13461:Judd 2004
13449:Judd 2004
13274:150945957
13226:153886117
13101:Robb 2002
12942:154900649
12864:143984571
12821:146445282
12380:Robb 2002
12217:145706327
11324:23 August
10753:144180838
10737:0010-4175
10612:Macmillan
10510:Confucian
10464:Ad-Dharmi
10453:Ad-Dharmi
10441:Brahmanic
10426:Brahmanic
10411:Brahmanic
10396:Brahmanic
10381:Brahmanic
10001:Education
9991:Dynasties
9911:Rajasthan
9896:Karnataka
9841:Sri Lanka
9109:(753–982)
9089:(736–916)
9069:(661–750)
9049:(632–661)
9029:(618–841)
9019:(606–647)
8988:(543–753)
8961:(489–632)
8951:(475–576)
8941:(475–767)
8931:(420–624)
8901:(345–525)
8891:(280–550)
8839:(230–360)
8829:(224–651)
8819:(210–340)
8809:(170–350)
8772:(AD 21 –
8630:– AD 800)
8382:Janapadas
8210:–1900 BC)
8137:Neolithic
8017:1721–1949
8007:1824–1948
7997:1858–1947
7987:1797–1813
7977:1757–1858
7967:1600–1757
7934:1628–1633
7924:1434–1833
7891:1668–1954
7881:1620–1869
7871:1605–1825
7861:1731–1813
7851:1778–1785
7551:in India.
7483:Education
7377:Raebareli
7251:began in
7197:1769–1944
7053:Rajputana
6984:Hyderabad
6068:Religious
6028:million:
5602:, of 1903
5528:secretary
5503:Education
5474:members (
5176:(16,000)
5118:(46,000)
5092:(30,000)
5055:Rajasthan
4900:Telangana
4892:Karnataka
4784:Karnataka
4740:Jharkhand
4692:Meghalaya
4147:, 1914);
3932:Death of
3657:of 1877.
3323:New Delhi
3301:, (later
3065:Azad Hind
3038:Earlier,
2485:majority.
2278:Ahmedabad
2246:Champaran
2087:Home Rule
2038:Jerusalem
1781:with the
1608:Bhadralok
1536:movement.
940:Sri Lanka
816:known as
279:George VI
152:New Delhi
55:1858–1947
28375:Painting
28338:Folklore
28294:Blogging
28236:Religion
28221:Literacy
27956:Aviation
27941:Textiles
27880:Printing
27870:FM Radio
27838:Gambling
27833:Forestry
27769:Chemical
27583:Pensions
27490:National
27432:Governor
27383:Currency
27344:Taxation
27261:NIFTY 50
27198:Scandals
27155:Politics
27127:Military
26838:Agencies
26818:Politics
26754:See also
26570:Glaciers
26519:Wildlife
26409:Heritage
26254:Republic
26188:Railways
26158:Colonial
26130:Marathas
26097:Kakatiya
25985:Ancient
25960:Military
25945:Maritime
25920:Clothing
25903:Timeline
25777:Military
25698:Pakistan
25661:Hinduism
25656:Buddhism
25643:Religion
25613:Medieval
25603:Iron Age
25528:Politics
25491:Surnames
25413:Diaspora
25309:Southern
25299:Northern
25272:Pakistan
25262:Maldives
25126:Rhodesia
25121:Pakistan
25040:Barbados
25009:Rimatara
24999:Rapa Iti
24928:Valencia
24903:Tavolara
24893:Scotland
24858:Portugal
24818:Moldavia
24703:Bulgaria
24698:Brittany
24673:Asturias
24553:Mongolia
24543:Maldives
24405:Trinidad
24395:Suriname
24353:Americas
24337:Zimbabwe
24332:Zanzibar
24317:Wituland
24292:Ngazidja
24287:Ndzuwani
24222:Ethiopia
23945:Thailand
23925:Malaysia
23905:Cambodia
23855:Eswatini
23651:Elective
23636:Absolute
23537:Category
23373:Colombia
23288:Kiribati
23165:Victoria
23105:Tasmania
22996:Virginia
22962:Stickeen
22950:Saybrook
22889:Plymouth
22835:New York
22773:Maryland
22765:Province
22728:Delaware
22698:Carolina
22690:Dominion
22684:Province
22647:Dominica
22595:Barbados
22567:Anguilla
22538:disputed
22519:Pakistan
22394:Maldives
22268:Billiton
22195:Rhodesia
22181:Tanzania
22177:Cameroon
22153:Zululand
22147:Zanzibar
21935:Botswana
21653:Hastings
21613:Bentinck
20832:Jugantar
20476:Gandhism
19905:67841003
19662:96476257
19619:archived
19576:(1901);
19468:archived
19360:40278213
19319:Archived
19265:(2010),
19244:(2008),
19232:Archived
19195:(1946),
19147:(1997),
19126:(1991),
19097:(2002),
18978:(1993),
18920:(1988),
18729:archived
18675:(2001),
18594:(1998),
18510:archived
18502:(1916),
18448:archived
18409:(2000),
18335:(2004),
18307:archived
18091:(2006),
18070:archived
18033:(2001),
17970:(1993),
17864:archived
17757:(1990),
17690:Archived
17660:Archived
17622:Archived
17598:Archived
17587:Archived
17563:Archived
17503:Archived
17472:Archived
17468:BBC News
17442:Archived
17252:2 August
17246:Archived
16950:Archived
16734:(2): 3.
16608:24 April
16487:I G News
16316:29 April
16284:Archived
16266:19993010
16215:29 April
16189:29 April
16162:Archived
16138:Archived
16117:Archived
16098:Archived
16079:Archived
16011:Rai 2008
15804:Archived
15687:Archived
15435:Archived
15301:2 August
15292:Archived
15290:. NIOS.
15247:2 August
15241:Archived
15194:(2006).
15107:(2007).
15041:Archived
14922:2 August
14858:2 August
14443:(2006).
14158:Archived
14085:Al-Duhaa
14003:Carnatic
13970:Archived
13883:Archived
13863:Archived
13834:Archived
13616:2 August
13583:2 August
13577:Archived
13353:Low 1993
13338:Low 2002
13326:Low 2002
13116:(2004).
13080:Archived
13047:2 August
13041:Archived
13014:2 August
13008:Archived
12946:Archived
12901:Low 1993
12877:Low 1993
12077:Archived
12074:contents
11877:Archived
11755:11618727
11685:Archived
11655:Archived
11625:Archived
11623:. 2008.
11617:"Bhutan"
11506:2 August
11482:and Sir
11470:Quote: "
11446:(1974),
11422:Archived
11318:archived
11220:archived
11183:archived
11109:(2014),
11087:archived
11038:archived
11001:archived
10757:Archived
10687:archived
10652:archived
10640:Kalikata
10277:was the
10231:Victoria
10066:Timeline
10056:Religion
10036:Military
10026:Maritime
10016:Language
10006:Indology
9836:Pakistan
9826:Maldives
9524: –
9513: –
9502: –
9491: –
9480: –
9369: –
9358: –
9347: –
9336: –
9325: –
8473:–300 BC)
8413: –
8402: –
8391: –
8380: –
8359:Iron Age
8339: –
8328: –
8307: –
8296: –
8285: –
7816:See also
7805:football
7783:entering
7734:Macaulay
7722:Zamindar
7662:missions
7654:Lutheran
7643:dioceses
7623:Anglican
7562:Oxbridge
7323:smallpox
7296:Calcutta
7277:vaccines
7261:pandemic
7051:Eastern
6887:May 2017
6758:152,398
6740:129,900
6536:114,890
6530:109,752
6524:101,778
6518:100,096
6434:896,658
6356:232,003
6305:Buddhism
6185:Hinduism
6057:Religion
6038:Calcutta
5913:Railways
5890:Policies
5742:Railways
5680:Industry
5592:Maharaja
5512:Commerce
5441:Calcutta
5429:official
5286:Calcutta
5232:agencies
5147:(1,600)
5063:(2,700)
5043:officer
5033:(sq mi)
4950:and the
4700:Nagaland
4672:officer
4559:and the
4404:, 1941)
4400:, 1941,
4396:, 1941,
4286:, 1931.
4121:Calcutta
4114:at last
4104:George V
3983:in 1904
3979:renamed
3942:Calcutta
3913:(1901).
3909:under a
3751:(1885).
3715:in 1882
3584:(1872).
3507:in 1863
3461:in 1861
3225:Calcutta
3187:meeting
3127:(centre)
2878:K. P. P.
2814:and Sir
2652:Amritsar
2605:and the
2563:en route
2461:and the
2372:Imperial
2222:swadeshi
2117:Brahmins
2059:Mohammad
2026:Khalifah
1810:George V
1751:and the
1717:in 1921.
1656:swadeshi
1652:Swadeshi
1614:Swadeshi
1534:Swadeshi
1483:Swadeshi
1475:Ganapati
1331:, Hume,
831:, and a
782:Pakistan
770:dominion
470:Currency
255:George V
231:Victoria
146:Calcutta
28395:tallest
28316:Cuisine
28276:Culture
28231:Prisons
28226:Poverty
28167:Indians
28140:Society
28126:culture
27946:Tourism
27799:Nuclear
27779:Defence
27757:Fishing
27740:Sectors
27691:Mizoram
27646:Haryana
27641:Gujarat
27571:Poverty
27502:History
27475:Bullion
27460:Banking
27415:Coinage
27400:History
27236:Economy
27009:Federal
26720:Borders
26653:Central
26645:Regions
26625:Valleys
26599:Plains
26580:Islands
26540:Beaches
26504:Geology
26494:Forests
26464:Climate
26382:Geology
26193:Economy
26173:Plassey
26125:Mughals
26087:Hoysala
26013:Mauryas
25925:Coinage
25885:History
25822:History
25768:History
25718:Cricket
25671:Sikhism
25666:Jainism
25651:Dharmic
25578:History
25524:Economy
25509:Monsoon
25486:Scripts
25456:Fashion
25446:Cuisine
25423:Culture
25406:Semitic
25396:Chinese
25304:Eastern
25255:Islands
25116:Nigeria
25091:Ireland
25019:Tahuata
24994:Raiatea
24974:Huahine
24949:Abemama
24942:Oceania
24913:Tuscany
24868:Romania
24863:Prussia
24828:Navarre
24808:Majorca
24788:Ireland
24783:Imereti
24778:Iceland
24773:Hungary
24768:Hanover
24763:Granada
24753:Germany
24748:Georgia
24743:Galicia
24733:Finland
24723:Corsica
24718:Cilicia
24688:Bavaria
24678:Austria
24663:Albania
24635:Vietnam
24578:Sarawak
24568:Qu'aiti
24503:Kathiri
24466:Dapitan
24441:Bukhara
24390:Miskito
24312:Tunisia
24302:Shilluk
24212:Dahomey
24202:Burundi
24192:Bagirmi
24172:Adamawa
24091:Jamaica
24086:Grenada
24071:Bahamas
24035:Oceania
23985:Denmark
23980:Belgium
23975:Andorra
23890:Bahrain
23865:Morocco
23860:Lesotho
23839:Current
23830:Pharaoh
23783:Emperor
23722:Dynasty
23676:Regency
23656:Federal
23646:Diarchy
23600:Monarch
23528:culture
23282:Vanuatu
23072:Oceania
22747:Jamaica
22740:Georgia
22660:Grenada
22615:Bermuda
22589:Bahamas
22575:Antigua
22456:Sarawak
22168:Namibia
22029:Nigeria
22005:Madeira
21925:Lesotho
21884:Minorca
21850:Ireland
21818:Corsica
21745:Former
21573:Canning
20992:Periyar
20641:Bardoli
20409:Gwalior
20311:History
20165:excerpt
20061:(1966).
20014:online.
19944:(2012).
19752:(1991).
19745:(1995).
19693:3216953
19597:(1990).
19580:(1906)
19519:(1980).
19493:(1962)
19333:excerpt
19316:excerpt
19314:(2006)
19229:excerpt
18761:(2006)
18076:18 June
17920:(2007)
17714:Surveys
16583:(Delhi)
16427:et al,
16257:2181657
16144:15 June
16114:Malaria
15514:3022159
15237:Fsmitha
14498:2595587
13879:"India"
13086:10 June
13006:. BBC.
13004:History
12242:(1985)
12133:(1900)
12072:(1962)
11428:3 March
10763:8 April
10576:Office.
10366:Satnami
9996:Economy
9981:Coinage
9901:Kashmir
9881:Gujarat
8978:– 1026)
8088:Outline
7801:cricket
7741:in the
7633:of the
7598:of the
7474:in the
7447:Pashtun
7394:: The
7307:leprosy
7300:malaria
6911:Famine
6873:Please
6764:60,014
6752:18,004
6746:37,101
6734:42,763
6728:59,985
6719:Others
6660:Jainism
6596:22,480
6590:24,141
6584:21,778
6578:20,980
6572:18,228
6566:17,194
6563:0.005%
6560:12,009
6557:0.004%
6545:Judaism
6512:94,190
6506:89,904
6500:85,397
6494:69,476
6365:Sikhism
6299:23.81%
6293:22.16%
6287:21.74%
6281:21.26%
6275:21.22%
6269:19.96%
6263:19.74%
6257:21.45%
6239:66.02%
6233:68.36%
6227:68.56%
6215:70.37%
6209:72.32%
6203:74.32%
6197:73.07%
5925:Int'l$
5632:Economy
5509:Finance
5506:Defence
5331:), and
5257:of the
5217:Company
5116:120,000
4940:Haryana
4812:Myanmar
4780:Gujarat
4696:Mizoram
4620:viceroy
4226:, 1919
4221:, 1919
4207:, 1919
3818:Manipur
3749:Panjdeh
3694:End of
3404:Period
3319:Karachi
3309:as the
3305:) with
3293:(later
3233:Karachi
3155:in the
2765:In the
2571:Madurai
2377:Viceroy
2270:Gujarat
2146:Karachi
2108:Gujarat
1953:of the
1889:during
1775:Shahbag
1520:in 1905
1405:of 1878
1373:in 1890
1243:by the
988:History
915:of the
835:of the
806:Myanmar
752:of the
705:on the
692:; from
439:•
424:•
411:•
398:•
385:History
290:Viceroy
167:English
142:Capital
63: "
61:Anthem:
28304:Comics
28299:Cinema
28206:Health
27914:Retail
27887:Mining
27865:Cinema
27789:Energy
27701:Punjab
27696:Odisha
27676:Ladakh
27671:Kerala
27609:States
27566:Income
27549:People
27485:Bombay
26730:Cities
26620:Rivers
26555:Desert
26550:Coasts
26545:Canals
25970:Postal
25827:Swords
25710:Sports
25551:Muslim
25441:Cinema
25383:Turkic
25368:Iranic
25277:Punjab
25223:Bhutan
25151:Uganda
25101:Malawi
25066:Guyana
25045:Ceylon
25024:Tahiti
25014:Rurutu
24969:Hawaii
24898:Serbia
24883:Saxony
24873:Russia
24758:Greece
24738:France
24728:Cyprus
24713:Crimea
24693:Bosnia
24668:Aragon
24656:Europe
24620:Taiwan
24590:Sikkim
24573:Ryukyu
24558:Najran
24456:Chehab
24436:Bengal
24385:Mexico
24370:Brazil
24297:Rwanda
24277:Maravi
24177:Ankole
24165:Africa
24157:Former
24138:Tuvalu
24081:Canada
24076:Belize
24020:Sweden
24010:Norway
24000:Monaco
23967:Europe
23920:Kuwait
23915:Jordan
23900:Brunei
23895:Bhutan
23847:Africa
23820:Sultan
23771:Titles
23685:Topics
23547:Portal
23367:Now a
23338:Guiana
23292:Tuvalu
22895:Quebec
22667:Canada
22608:Belize
22500:Weihai
22444:Penang
22432:Padang
22362:Malaya
22356:Labuan
22350:Kuwait
22326:Cyprus
22320:Ceylon
22314:Brunei
22286:Borneo
22280:Bhutan
22274:Bengal
22210:Zambia
22141:Uganda
21903:Africa
21876:Colony
21866:Malta
21824:Cyprus
21812:Cyprus
21796:Europe
21762:Legend
21643:Cripps
21638:Outram
21628:Lytton
21593:Curzon
21568:Wavell
20863:Social
20516:Swaraj
20399:Second
20384:Fourth
20374:Second
20250:online
20243:(1914)
20156:online
20090:
20038:
19932:
19903:
19848:
19822:
19792:
19776:
19734:
19728:312453
19726:
19691:
19660:
19611:
19590:(2012)
19582:online
19558:
19552:312641
19550:
19526:(2015)
19486:(2005)
19474:2 June
19454:(1988)
19442:
19436:259853
19434:
19394:
19375:
19358:
19350:
19291:
19273:
19252:
19214:
19175:
19157:
19134:
19119:(2007)
19105:
19083:(2006)
19070:
19054:
19048:313141
19046:
19005:
18946:
18928:
18909:
18881:
18837:
18805:(1957)
18785:
18771:(2008)
18750:
18721:
18698:(2003)
18685:
18661:
18640:
18621:
18602:
18583:
18543:
18524:(pdf).
18475:
18440:
18417:
18396:
18369:
18343:
18299:
18275:
18253:
18210:
18185:
18150:
18099:
18062:
18041:
17998:
17980:
17949:
17937:(2000)
17886:
17856:
17836:
17808:
17786:
17765:
17743:
17654:
17537:
17366:
17303:
17202:
17177:
17148:
17119:
17091:
17066:
17041:
17012:
16987:
16926:
16897:
16872:
16840:
16788:
16408:
16366:
16264:
16254:
16062:
15869:20 May
15862:
15839:20 May
15832:
15781:20 May
15774:
15752:20 May
15745:
15722:20 May
15715:
15664:20 May
15657:
15634:20 May
15627:
15605:20 May
15598:
15566:
15512:
15463:
15367:
15210:
15152:
15115:
15075:
15025:
14990:
14797:
14772:
14744:
14704:
14681:
14675:312641
14673:
14636:
14601:
14564:
14496:
14459:
14411:
14375:
14152:
14113:
14105:
14007:Quote2
13999:Quote1
13962:
13940:
13860:online
13800:(1965)
13501:
13411:
13272:
13224:
13163:
13130:
12965:(2009)
12940:
12862:
12856:312118
12854:
12819:
12813:312036
12811:
12748:650872
12746:
12720:p. 180
12356:
12215:
12135:online
12025:
11753:
11631:2 June
11565:
11529:
11478:, Sir
11474:: Sir
11456:
11399:
11366:
11341:
11310:
11276:
11249:
11226:24 May
11212:
11196:same).
11189:24 May
11175:
11128:24 May
11119:
11100:built.
11093:24 May
11079:
11044:24 May
11030:
11007:24 May
10993:
10944:
10910:
10878:
10847:
10819:
10790:
10751:
10745:179178
10743:
10735:
10693:24 May
10658:24 May
10572:; The
10518:Taoist
10516:, and
10449:Brahmo
10434:Brahmo
10419:Brahmo
10404:Brahmo
10389:Brahmo
10362:Brahmo
9931:Odisha
9926:Punjab
9871:Bengal
9816:Bhutan
7797:hockey
7702:Legacy
7674:Neyoor
7566:
7461:Mardan
7457:Takkar
7380:blood.
7257:
7253:Bengal
7128:Odisha
6988:Mysore
6954:, and
6952:Mysore
6914:Years
6835:, and
6767:0.02%
6761:0.04%
6755:0.01%
6749:0.01%
6743:0.04%
6737:0.01%
6731:0.02%
6725:2.86%
6714:0.37%
6708:0.36%
6702:0.37%
6690:0.45%
6684:0.49%
6678:0.48%
6654:6.58%
6648:2.36%
6642:3.09%
6636:3.28%
6630:2.92%
6624:3.23%
6618:2.59%
6605:Tribal
6599:0.01%
6593:0.01%
6587:0.01%
6581:0.01%
6575:0.01%
6569:0.01%
6554:7,626
6539:0.03%
6533:0.03%
6527:0.03%
6521:0.03%
6515:0.03%
6509:0.03%
6503:0.03%
6497:0.04%
6479:1.63%
6461:1.24%
6455:0.99%
6443:0.73%
6437:0.47%
6419:1.47%
6413:1.24%
6407:1.02%
6401:0.96%
6395:0.75%
6389:0.66%
6383:0.73%
6377:0.62%
6359:0.06%
6353:3.65%
6347:3.66%
6341:3.42%
6335:3.22%
6329:2.48%
6323:1.35%
6317:1.49%
6221:69.4%
6071:group
6036:, and
6034:Bombay
6026:
6022:
6015:
6011:
5991:, and
5917:cotton
5900:Madras
5885:there.
5880:says:
5838:, and
5778:Bombay
5710:shrank
5674:
5663:(1862)
5613:Purdah
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5518:Health
5494:Labour
5472:
5453:London
5449:Bombay
5445:Madras
5403:Bombay
5399:Madras
5361:under
5179:2,125
5174:41,000
5090:78,000
4936:Punjab
4922:Punjab
4896:Odisha
4888:Kerala
4874:Madras
4852:Odisha
4766:Bombay
4744:Odisha
4722:Bengal
4638:
4573:, the
4549:, and
4212:(also
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
3975:) and
3870:, the
3713:Lahore
3439:, and
3268:Labour
3231:, and
3229:Madras
3121:Jinnah
3009:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2992:24,000
2989:
2985:
2948:, and
2921:
2917:
2851:, and
2760:
2699:Lahore
2665:
2661:
2626:Lahore
2567:Madras
2545:, and
2495:
2491:
2475:Punjab
2469:, the
2467:Bengal
2266:swaraj
2254:indigo
2238:swaraj
2232:Ahimsa
2212:Swaraj
2192:Ahimsa
2112:
2071:élites
2050:
2036:, and
2034:Medina
1939:
1587:Odisha
1585:, and
1550:Vijaya
1335:, and
1325:Bombay
1250:Bombay
1193:Bombay
956:Bhutan
936:Ceylon
863:, and
814:colony
780:) and
748:, the
388:
338:
294:
216:
127:Status
103:Bhutan
95:Sikkim
28402:Sport
28370:Music
28353:Media
28333:Dress
28328:Dance
28266:Youth
28256:Women
28157:Crime
28047:NCLAT
28035:Other
28011:IRDAI
27993:Power
27988:Water
27978:Roads
27968:Ports
27961:Civil
27931:Space
27860:Media
27809:Solar
27631:Delhi
27626:Bihar
27621:Assam
27420:Paisa
26725:Towns
26680:South
26663:North
26585:Lakes
26499:Flora
26489:Fauna
26064:Chola
25908:Years
25693:India
25678:Islam
25546:Hindu
25471:Music
25267:Nepal
25245:South
25233:North
25228:India
25106:Malta
25096:Kenya
25071:India
25061:Ghana
24888:Savoy
24878:Samos
24793:Italy
24640:Yemen
24615:Tibet
24610:Syria
24563:Nepal
24538:Mahra
24518:Kumul
24513:Korea
24508:Khiva
24487:Qajar
24471:Hejaz
24461:China
24446:Burma
24375:Haiti
24365:Aztec
24282:Mwali
24272:Maore
24252:Libya
24247:Kongo
24242:Kaffa
24237:Gumma
24232:Gomma
24227:Ghana
24217:Egypt
24197:Bornu
24182:Aussa
24043:Tonga
24015:Spain
23935:Qatar
23910:Japan
23290:and *
23256:Nauru
23250:Samoa
23224:Tonga
23183:Papua
22793:Nevis
22678:Upper
22672:Lower
22515:India
22380:Union
22338:India
22308:Burma
22264:Banka
22115:Sudan
22017:Natal
21999:Lagos
21993:Kenya
21987:Ghana
21971:Egypt
21633:Clive
21603:Minto
21598:Ripon
21583:Irwin
21017:Shahu
20404:Third
20394:First
20379:Third
20369:First
20036:S2CID
19930:S2CID
19901:S2CID
19820:S2CID
19774:S2CID
19732:S2CID
19724:JSTOR
19689:JSTOR
19658:S2CID
19556:S2CID
19548:JSTOR
19440:S2CID
19432:JSTOR
19356:JSTOR
19052:S2CID
19044:JSTOR
18907:S2CID
18879:S2CID
18581:S2CID
17341:7 May
16818:p. 89
16786:S2CID
16747:(PDF)
16724:(PDF)
16463:. NIC
15860:JSTOR
15830:JSTOR
15810:8 May
15772:JSTOR
15743:JSTOR
15713:JSTOR
15693:8 May
15655:JSTOR
15625:JSTOR
15596:JSTOR
15564:S2CID
15510:JSTOR
15295:(PDF)
15284:(PDF)
15150:S2CID
15011:(PDF)
14988:S2CID
14679:S2CID
14671:JSTOR
14599:S2CID
14494:JSTOR
14373:S2CID
14111:S2CID
13708:–310.
13270:S2CID
13222:S2CID
13159:–52.
12949:(PDF)
12938:S2CID
12918:(PDF)
12860:S2CID
12852:JSTOR
12817:S2CID
12809:JSTOR
12744:JSTOR
12445:(PDF)
12434:(PDF)
12213:S2CID
11880:(PDF)
11869:(PDF)
11784:(PDF)
11777:(PDF)
11233:1947.
10749:S2CID
10741:JSTOR
10275:Simla
10217:Notes
9951:Tibet
9936:Sindh
9891:Kabul
9876:Bihar
9861:Assam
9831:Nepal
9821:India
7726:Munro
7688:Bible
7592:chair
7439:Bannu
7435:Domel
7202:64.48
7132:Bihar
6820:100%
6814:100%
6808:100%
6802:100%
6796:100%
6790:100%
6784:100%
6778:100%
6696:0.4%
6473:1.8%
6467:1.5%
6449:0.8%
6245:Islam
6095:1941
6092:1931
6089:1921
6086:1911
6083:1901
6080:1891
6077:1881
6074:1872
6030:Delhi
5811:Assam
5657:Mohur
5288:, and
5221:Crown
5145:4,100
5061:7,000
4806:Burma
4772:Sindh
4736:Bihar
4684:Assam
4678:Assam
4479:with
4475:wins
3580:as a
2395:Sikhs
2274:Kaira
2250:Bihar
2030:Mecca
2024:, or
1802:Minto
1735:Dacca
1583:Bihar
1367:Mehta
1241:India
952:Nepal
929:rupee
825:India
802:Burma
719:India
713:, or
703:Crown
636:1867:
618:1898:
586:1937:
540:1947:
509:1858:
99:Nepal
49:India
28321:wine
28094:FEMA
28059:IBBI
28054:BIFR
28042:NCLT
28026:IBBI
28021:SEBI
27973:Rail
27892:Coal
27814:Wind
27588:EPFO
27437:Mint
27395:Sign
27140:Navy
27135:Army
26969:LGBT
26697:West
26658:East
26198:Army
26092:Pala
25935:LGBT
25556:Sikh
25526:and
25051:Fiji
24605:Sulu
24584:Shan
24528:Laos
24493:Iraq
24483:Iran
24451:Cebu
24431:Asir
24419:Asia
24380:Inca
24327:Yeke
24267:Mali
24257:Luba
24106:Niue
23956:list
23930:Oman
23882:Asia
23871:list
23825:Shah
23815:Tsar
23810:khan
23805:Raja
23788:King
23629:Type
23286:Now
23280:Now
23230:Niue
23171:Fiji
22873:1843
22801:1579
22521:and
22513:Now
22344:Java
22300:and
22266:and
22228:Asia
22208:Now
22166:Now
21551:more
20853:more
20452:more
20088:ISBN
19846:ISBN
19790:ISBN
19627:2018
19609:ISBN
19476:2022
19392:ISBN
19373:ISBN
19348:ISSN
19289:ISBN
19271:ISBN
19250:ISBN
19212:ISBN
19173:ISBN
19155:ISBN
19132:ISBN
19103:ISBN
19068:ISBN
19003:ISBN
18944:ISBN
18926:ISBN
18835:ISBN
18821:2012
18796:2012
18783:ISBN
18748:ISBN
18737:2020
18719:ISBN
18683:ISBN
18659:ISBN
18638:ISBN
18619:ISBN
18600:ISBN
18541:ISBN
18518:2018
18486:2013
18473:ISBN
18456:2013
18438:ISBN
18415:ISBN
18394:ISBN
18367:ISBN
18341:ISBN
18315:2016
18297:ISBN
18273:ISBN
18251:ISBN
18208:ISBN
18183:ISBN
18148:ISBN
18097:ISBN
18078:2015
18060:ISBN
18039:ISBN
17996:ISBN
17978:ISBN
17947:ISBN
17884:ISBN
17872:2018
17854:ISBN
17834:ISBN
17806:ISBN
17784:ISBN
17763:ISBN
17741:ISBN
17698:2023
17668:2023
17652:ISSN
17630:2023
17571:2023
17535:ISBN
17511:2023
17480:2023
17450:2023
17420:2024
17395:2024
17364:ISBN
17343:2024
17301:ISSN
17254:2014
17200:ISBN
17175:ISBN
17146:ISBN
17117:ISBN
17089:ISBN
17064:ISBN
17039:ISBN
17010:ISBN
16985:ISBN
16958:2018
16924:ISBN
16895:ISBN
16870:ISBN
16838:ISBN
16755:2016
16706:2022
16662:2016
16654:Dawn
16636:2016
16610:2008
16598:Dawn
16559:2023
16499:2022
16469:2022
16406:ISBN
16364:ISBN
16343:2022
16318:2012
16292:2015
16262:PMID
16217:2012
16191:2012
16146:2007
16066:ch 7
16060:ISBN
15871:2024
15841:2024
15812:2023
15783:2024
15754:2024
15724:2024
15695:2023
15666:2024
15636:2024
15607:2024
15461:ISBN
15443:2015
15398:2024
15376:2024
15365:ISSN
15343:2024
15303:2014
15249:2014
15208:ISBN
15113:ISBN
15073:ISBN
15049:2015
14924:2014
14860:2014
14795:ISBN
14770:ISBN
14742:ISBN
14702:ISBN
14634:ISBN
14560:2012
14457:ISBN
14409:ISBN
14166:2022
14150:ISSN
14103:ISSN
13978:2020
13960:ISBN
13938:ISBN
13891:2013
13842:2021
13733:2012
13665:2012
13618:2014
13585:2014
13512:2012
13499:ISBN
13422:2013
13409:ISBN
13161:ISBN
13128:ISBN
13088:2019
13049:2014
13016:2014
12980:Time
12957:2018
12453:2016
12367:2012
12354:ISBN
12023:ISBN
11888:2021
11792:2009
11751:PMID
11693:2022
11663:2022
11633:2022
11563:ISBN
11527:ISBN
11508:2014
11467:2013
11454:ISBN
11430:2011
11397:ISBN
11375:Raj.
11364:ISBN
11339:ISBN
11326:2020
11308:ISBN
11274:ISBN
11247:ISBN
11228:2022
11210:ISBN
11191:2022
11173:ISBN
11130:2022
11117:ISBN
11095:2022
11077:ISBN
11046:2022
11028:ISBN
11009:2022
10991:ISBN
10942:ISBN
10908:ISBN
10876:ISBN
10845:ISBN
10817:ISBN
10788:ISBN
10765:2023
10733:ISSN
10695:2022
10660:2022
10445:Arya
10430:Arya
10415:Arya
10400:Arya
10385:Arya
8027:1947
7668:and
7543:The
7497:The
7416:and
7344:and
7328:Sir
7247:The
7229:and
7140:0.15
7121:10.3
6994:and
6173:Pop.
6163:Pop.
6153:Pop.
6143:Pop.
6133:Pop.
6123:Pop.
6113:Pop.
6102:Pop.
6001:The
5655:One
5640:and
5596:Rewa
5468:p.a.
5447:and
5407:i.e.
5380:was
5343:and
5234:and
5150:181
5121:308
5066:477
4982:and
4898:and
4850:and
4782:and
4742:and
4563:(or
4372:): (
4185:in:
4135:in:
4106:and
3977:Oudh
3838:Siam
3173:and
2642:The
2453:and
2131:and
2106:and
2104:Sind
2061:and
2003:and
1932:The
1842:and
1792:The
1632:Kali
1493:and
1392:and
1207:The
1146:sati
954:and
893:Aden
879:and
865:1936
861:1932
857:1928
853:1920
849:1900
750:rule
688:RAHJ
661:The
455:Area
176:Urdu
28064:IBC
28016:RBI
27636:Goa
27598:PPF
27593:NPS
26937:Law
26773:in
26560:ECZ
25436:Art
24813:Man
23371:of
20028:doi
19996:doi
19922:doi
19893:doi
19872:doi
19812:doi
19766:doi
19716:doi
19679:doi
19650:doi
19540:doi
19422:doi
19036:doi
18899:doi
18869:hdl
18861:doi
18573:doi
17293:doi
16778:doi
16736:doi
16252:PMC
16244:doi
15556:doi
15502:doi
15425:doi
15200:doi
15142:doi
15033:doi
14980:doi
14663:doi
14591:doi
14549:doi
14486:doi
14449:doi
14365:doi
14142:doi
14093:doi
13923:by
13706:181
13548:raj
13495:362
13262:doi
13214:doi
13157:151
12930:doi
12844:doi
12801:doi
12736:doi
12205:doi
11743:doi
10725:doi
7459:in
7437:in
7390:in
7348:).
7294:in
7170:4.5
7091:1.5
7036:0.8
5594:of
5521:Law
5439:in
5401:or
5323:),
5095:25
4995:48
4963:20
4911:38
4863:13
4795:19
4755:75
4462:in
4364:in
4193:);
3962:'s
3816:of
3664:Rs.
3653:at
2976:sic
2868:or
2659:379
1937:1.4
1885:in
1733:in
1407:).
1149:by
1140:).
877:Goa
847:in
839:in
823:As
698:rāj
28434::
25089:/
25077:,
22517:,
20034:.
20024:34
20022:.
19990:.
19928:.
19918:19
19916:.
19899:.
19889:74
19887:.
19866:.
19818:,
19808:12
19806:,
19772:,
19762:56
19760:,
19730:,
19722:,
19712:19
19710:,
19687:,
19675:16
19673:,
19656:.
19646:42
19644:.
19617:,
19554:,
19546:,
19536:21
19534:,
19466:,
19462:,
19438:,
19430:,
19416:,
19354:.
19344:43
19342:.
19050:,
19042:,
19032:34
19030:,
18905:,
18895:42
18893:,
18877:,
18867:,
18857:10
18855:,
18727:,
18579:,
18569:47
18567:,
18446:,
18305:,
18123:,
18111:.
18087:;
18068:,
17862:,
17822:;
17684:.
17658:.
17650:.
17646:.
17620:.
17616:.
17561:.
17557:.
17519:^
17501:.
17497:.
17466:.
17436:.
17411:.
17386:.
17334:.
17299:.
17289:26
17240:.
17227:^
17169:.
17140:.
17103:^
17033:.
16979:.
16960:.
16903:.
16864:.
16852:^
16832:.
16784:.
16774:40
16772:.
16732:11
16730:.
16726:.
16652:.
16626:.
16596:.
16567:^
16517:,
16507:^
16485:.
16459:.
16448:^
16334:.
16282:.
16260:.
16250:.
16240:38
16238:.
16234:.
15915:^
15562:.
15552:27
15550:.
15533:32
15531:.
15508:.
15498:12
15496:.
15433:.
15421:40
15419:.
15415:.
15359:.
15333:.
15286:.
15270:^
15235:.
15222:^
15206:.
15148:.
15138:48
15136:.
15039:.
15031:.
15017:.
15013:.
14986:.
14974:.
14908:.
14896:^
14846:.
14835:^
14716:^
14677:.
14669:.
14659:21
14657:.
14597:.
14587:31
14585:.
14541:.
14527:^
14492:.
14482:34
14480:.
14455:.
14371:.
14361:19
14359:.
14335:^
14308:^
14281:^
14210:^
14156:.
14148:.
14136:.
14132:.
14109:.
14101:.
14087:.
14083:.
14059:^
14041:46
14029:^
14014:^
13968:.
13949:4.
13929:3.
13918:2.
13904:1.
13784:40
13690:^
13604:.
13587:.
13575:.
13571:.
13497:.
13441:^
13345:^
13282:^
13268:.
13258:28
13256:.
13220:.
13210:73
13208:.
13191:27
13126:.
13124:28
13035:.
13024:^
13002:.
12988:^
12977:.
12944:.
12936:.
12926:20
12924:.
12920:.
12858:.
12850:.
12840:16
12838:.
12815:.
12807:.
12795:.
12771:^
12742:.
12683:^
12666:^
12647:^
12606:^
12579:^
12535:^
12516:^
12495:^
12478:^
12461:^
12436:.
12401:^
12338:^
12321:^
12290:^
12257:,
12211:.
12199:.
12049:^
11997:^
11982:^
11965:^
11927:^
11918:,
11875:.
11871:.
11749:.
11737:.
11701:^
11683:.
11679:.
11653:.
11649:.
11619:.
11597:.
11420:.
11372:,
11347:,
11316:,
11282:,
11255:,
11230:,
11218:,
11193:,
11181:,
11132:,
11097:,
11085:,
11048:,
11036:,
11011:,
10999:,
10965:.
10961:.
10950:.
10936:.
10916:.
10884:.
10862:^
10853:,
10825:,
10796:.
10767:.
10755:.
10747:.
10739:.
10731:.
10721:35
10719:.
10715:.
10697:,
10679:,
10662:,
10644:,
10642:)"
10620:^
10512:,
9261:c.
9000:c.
8973:c.
8872:c.
8851:c.
8774:c.
8713:c.
8642:c.
8625:c.
8608:c.
8591:c.
8574:c.
8553:c.
8468:c.
8451:c.
8205:c.
7789:.
7698:.
7610:,
7340:,
7283:.
7130:,
7012:11
6990:,
6986:,
6982:,
6972:11
6950:,
6940:10
6672:—
6669:—
6612:—
6609:—
6040:.
5987:,
5983:,
5853:.
5776:,
5708:,
5598:,
5423:.
5347:.
5238:.
4946:,
4942:,
4938:,
4934:,
4930:,
4894:,
4890:,
4882:,
4846:,
4823:9
4778:,
4738:,
4734:,
4730:,
4711:6
4698:,
4694:,
4690:,
4686:,
4646:c.
4604:,
4545:,
4530:.
4470:)
4453:)
4449:,
4414:,
4410:,
4392:,
4388:.
4384:,
4380:,
4376:,
4282:,
4216:)
4201:)
4155:;
4139:;
3949:;
3940:,
3918:.
3883:.
3834:,
3795:.
3765:)
3745:.
3698:.
3679:.
3672:.
3570:)
3545:).
3488:.
3478:.
3435:,
3227:,
2847:,
2843:,
2798:".
2731:.
2541:,
2537:,
2533:,
2529:,
2401:,
2397:,
2032:,
2011:,
1785:.
1769:,
1634:.
1581:,
1512:,
1465:.
1213:c.
1191:,
867:.
859:,
855:,
851:,
678:dʒ
675:ɑː
101:,
97:,
67:"
25866:e
25859:t
25852:v
25189:e
25182:t
25175:v
25083:)
25073:(
24648:)
24642:(
24489:)
24485:(
23581:e
23574:t
23567:v
23502:.
23460:)
23447:)
23242:*
23235:*
23210:*
23191:/
23131:/
23103:/
23065:e
23058:t
23051:v
22942:*
22935:*
22928:*
22745:*
22714:/
22665:*
22658:*
22606:*
22587:*
22580:*
22573:*
22304:)
22183:.
21985:(
21933:(
21923:(
21814:)
21738:e
21731:t
21724:v
20295:e
20288:t
20281:v
20096:.
20069:.
20054:.
20042:.
20030::
20002:.
19998::
19992:7
19936:.
19924::
19907:.
19895::
19878:.
19874::
19868:7
19854:.
19814::
19768::
19718::
19681::
19664:.
19652::
19542::
19479:.
19447:.
19424::
19418:3
19401:.
19382:.
19362:.
19112:.
19038::
18984:.
18901::
18871::
18863::
18844:.
18754:.
18667:.
18647:.
18628:.
18609:.
18575::
18350:.
18318:.
18282:.
18260:.
18157:.
18048:.
17956:.
17815:.
17792:.
17772:.
17750:.
17700:.
17670:.
17632:.
17573:.
17543:.
17513:.
17482:.
17452:.
17422:.
17397:.
17372:.
17345:.
17307:.
17295::
17256:.
17208:.
17183:.
17154:.
17125:.
17097:.
17072:.
17047:.
17018:.
16993:.
16932:.
16878:.
16846:.
16792:.
16780::
16757:.
16738::
16708:.
16664:.
16638:.
16612:.
16561:.
16501:.
16471:.
16414:.
16372:.
16345:.
16320:.
16294:.
16268:.
16246::
16219:.
16193:.
16148:.
15873:.
15843:.
15814:.
15785:.
15756:.
15726:.
15697:.
15668:.
15638:.
15609:.
15570:.
15558::
15516:.
15504::
15445:.
15427::
15400:.
15378:.
15345:.
15305:.
15251:.
15216:.
15202::
15156:.
15144::
15121:.
15081:.
15051:.
15035::
15019:4
14994:.
14982::
14976:2
14926:.
14862:.
14803:.
14778:.
14750:.
14710:.
14685:.
14665::
14642:.
14605:.
14593::
14562:.
14551::
14500:.
14488::
14465:.
14451::
14417:.
14379:.
14367::
14168:.
14144::
14138:5
14117:.
14095::
14089:3
13980:.
13946:.
13893:.
13844:.
13786:.
13735:.
13667:.
13620:.
13514:.
13276:.
13264::
13228:.
13216::
13169:.
13136:.
13090:.
13051:.
13018:.
12959:.
12932::
12866:.
12846::
12823:.
12803::
12797:7
12750:.
12738::
12455:.
12369:.
12219:.
12207::
12201:2
12031:.
11890:.
11794:.
11757:.
11745::
11739:9
11695:.
11665:.
11635:.
11571:.
11535:.
11510:.
11432:.
10727::
10338:.
10289:.
10096:e
10089:t
10082:v
9270:)
9259:(
9009:)
8998:(
8971:(
8881:)
8870:(
8860:)
8849:(
8779:)
8722:)
8711:(
8651:)
8640:(
8623:(
8606:(
8589:(
8572:(
8562:)
8551:(
8466:(
8449:(
8203:(
8055:e
8048:t
8041:v
7765:.
7602:.
7185:3
7155:5
7106:0
7076:5
7061:2
6889:)
6885:(
6871:.
6178:%
6168:%
6158:%
6148:%
6138:%
6128:%
6118:%
6108:%
5823:'
5170:)
5166:(
5141:)
5137:(
5112:)
5108:(
5086:)
5082:(
5057:)
4986:)
4978:(
4954:)
4926:(
4902:)
4878:(
4854:)
4838:(
4814:)
4810:(
4786:)
4770:(
4746:)
4726:(
4702:)
4682:(
4466:(
4445:(
4368:(
4197:(
4189:(
4151:(
4143:(
3957:.
3930:.
3704:.
3611:.
3547:"
3199:.
2884:.
2711:(
2636:.
1339:.
1211:(
1062:.
681:/
672:r
669:/
665:(
178:)
174:(
137:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.