433:, and were administered by Governor Douglas and employees of the company. In 1853, Douglas had commissioned four citizens to serve as magistrates and justices of the peace for the three districts of the colony that comprised the area immediately west of Victoria. He then established a Supreme Court of Civil Justice for the colony. In 1854, Thomas Hall was appointed as the first paid constable on Vancouver Island, but records indicate Hall was also paid ÂŁ7-5-10 for fourteen cords of wood in 1856, leading to questions about how much policing he was actually doing. Sometime before 1863, Captain William Hayes Franklyn was appointed magistrate in
737:
create a formal police force see Great
Britain, Colonial Office, Despatches to the Governor of British Columbia to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, GR-0326, Douglas to Lytton, Victoria, Vancouver Island, December 27, 1858. For the rejection by London see Great Britain, Colonial Office, Despatches from the Governor of British Columbia to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, GR-0326, Douglas to Lytton, Victoria, Vancouver Island, July 2, 1859, BC Archives, for policing powers of Gold Commissioners see Douglas to Lytton, " August 30, 1858, "Papers Relative to the Affairs of British Columbia," Vol. 1, p. 30-33.
757:
jurisdiction where revenue raising was combined with law enforcement for decades to come, a rare combination in the
British Empire." Throughout his career, Brew objected to the combination of revenue collection and policing. Despite the possibility for corruption, Brew managed to eject undesirable elements in the Constabulary no matter how well they were connected (see F.W. Howay, The Early History of the Fraser River Mines, (Victoria, BC: 1926), p. 84.). Also see, Brew Files, 1859, Colonial Papers, GR 1372, B-1310, BC Archives and Lynne Stonier-Newman, Policing the Pioneer Province, p. 9-27.
686:
526:
474:
29:
115:
368:
571:, which has had the contract for provincial policing in British Columbia ever since. The BCPP's dissolution by the provincial government was deeply unpopular with British Columbia's residents at the time, to the point that the municipal council of Burnaby stated they "would not have the Mounted Police" in the town and confronted RCMP officers at the vacant BCPP offices.
736:
Frederick John Hatch, The
British Columbia Police, 1858-1871, (University of British Columbia unpublished masters thesis, 1955), 19 and unsigned article, "Story of the British Columbia Police Closely Parallels History of Province," "Shoulder STrap", vol. 22 (1950): 5. For James Douglas' rejection to
541:
the BCPP organized recruitment for the armed forces. Their general duties enforced fishing and hunting licences, providing customs and excise functions, livestock brand inspections, managed trap-line permits and dog licences, Vital
Statistics and served civil court documents. They also functioned as
343:
were under the direction of the government agent of the district who reported to the
Superintendent. The mandate of the British Columbia Constabulary was to maintain peace and order, and to enforce the laws of the province under the authority of An Act respecting Police Constables (SBC 1880, c. 22,
449:
Pemberton was
Commissioner of Police until 1866 when the colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia were united into a single colony, and the police forces of the two colonies were amalgamated under Chartles Brew, later adopting the name of British Columbia Provincial Police. The force were
395:
and
Commissioner of Police in the city. The Police and Prisons Department of the Colony of Vancouver Island was established by Pemberton following his appointment in 1858, formalising law enforcement in the colony. That year, the population of the Colony of Vancouver Island had risen from a few
746:
Douglas to Lytton, January 20, 1859, "Dispatches, 1858-1859," No. 77, pg. 158. Also
February 4, 1859, "Dispatches, 1858-1859," No. 91, p. 172 and Douglas to Lytton, December 24, 1858, "Dispatches, 1858-1859," No. 52, p. 112 and "Papers Relative to the Affairs of British Columbia," Vol. 2, p.
756:
Lynne
Stonier-Newman, Policing A Pioneer Province: The BC Provincial Police 1858-1950, (Madeira Park BC: Harbour Publishing, 1991), 11. Lynne Stonier-Newman remarks: "There was no way Brew could have realized the importance of his dual appointment. Because of it, British Columbia became a
566:
The
British Columbia Provincial Police was controversially dissolved by British Columbia on 15 August 1950, with a force consisting of 520 men and a budget of $ 2,250,000. The 492 members who stayed on following the dissolution were taken on as part of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's
316:(never being officially appointed) under the title Chief Inspector of Police until 1863 and then Superintendent of Police until 1871. Brew was given an unusual amount of powers, both as British Columbia's Gold commissioner and as the Chief Constable of the provincial police, and was
344:
revised SBC 1888, c. 96). In 1895, under the new Provincial Police Act (SBC 1895, c. 45) the name was changed to the British Columbia Provincial Police Force. The duties of the force included patrolling the land, waterways, and coastline, enforcing laws, maintaining peace, policing
400:
in British Columbia. The newly appointed Commissioner of Police, who was also the Police Magistrate, was the representative of law and order in Vancouver Island and his immediate job was to organize a police force for the colony. He was responsible for the police stations and
587:
of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, suggested ending the RCMP's contract as the provincial police or introducing greater provincial government control over RCMP officers in the province, and considering the re-establishment of the BCPP as an alternative.
470:, and a system of semi-military ranks was established. A training school was established for the first time, and a mounted troop, while the force's administration divided the province into divisions to better serve its geographically isolated regions.
501:
system fully integrated with radio-equipped cars and coastal patrol vessels in North America, using high-frequency radios were designed and built in the police workshops. The BCPP became the first law-enforcement agency to develop an air arm,
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the colony by prompting rebellion among the migrants, many of whom were American, lived and worked in the gold fields outside of colonial governance, and were well-armed. The BCPP was formed in response with Brew as its
1851:
546:
helped enforce martial law against strikers on Vancouver's troubled docks and evict protesters from the city's main post office. During that period, horses for the mounted squad were relocated from
1773:
802:
E.O.S. Scholefield and F.W. Howay, British Columbia: From Earliest Times to the Present, (Vancouver: S.J. Clarke, 1914), vol. 2, p. 654, Microforms, University of Victoria, CIHM no. 76018-76021.
826:
Douglas to Barclay, March 21, 1851, in Great Britain, Papers Relative to the Affairs of British Columbia Part I, (London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1859-1862.).
214:. The BCPP was deeply integrated into British Columbia's new colonial administration due to geographic isolation and small population, holding numerous unusual responsibilities such as
1753:
1204:
327:
The BCPP went through various name changes in its early years, and by 1871 they were called the British Columbia Constabulary. In 1871, the Colony of British Columbia joined
835:
William Swanton Thackery, "Keeping the Peace on Vancouver Island: The Colonial Police and the Royal Navy, 1850-1866" (UVic unpublished MAsters Thesis, 1977), pg. 48 and 65.
1743:
1051:
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had a police force of one sort or another operating since the formation of the colony in 1849. The Victoria Voltigeurs were a semi-formal police composed of West Indians,
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1194:
895:
1438:
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biggest client in Canada. Nevertheless, over a short period of time it became one of the most modern police agencies in the world, including the first inter-city
1923:
853:
David Farr, "The Organisation of the Judicial System of the Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia, 1849-1871," (Vancouver: UBC, 1944), 35, note 108.
844:
John Sebastian Helmcken, "Reminiscences," 1892, pg 266-269. BC Archives and "The Daily British Colonist and Victoria Chronicle" vol. 17, no. 87 (March 1867): 2.
1585:
425:. The Voltigeurs wore colourful outfits, which to modern eyes were more like a military-dress parade uniform than modern police clothing, and were given 20
1887:
1768:
1979:
1969:
670:
727:
Frederick John Hatch, The British Columbia Police, 1858-1871, (Vancouver: unpublished Master's Thesis, UBC Special Collections, 1955), p. 1, note 1.
1984:
1711:
1044:
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Frederick John Hatch, The British Columbia Police, 1858-1871, (Vancouver: unpublished Master's Thesis, UBC Special Collections, 1955), p. abstract.
863:
1646:
1084:
1199:
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Records of British Columbia Provincial Police Veterans’ Association are held by Simon Fraser University's Special Collections and Rare Books
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875:
1447:
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The Capillary Level of Power: Methods and Hypothesis for the Study of Law and Society in Late Nineteenth Century Victoria British Columbia
1641:
1104:
1037:
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Lynne Stonier-Newman, Policing A Pioneer Province: The BC Provincial Police 1858-1950, (Madeira Park BC: Harbour Publishing, 1991), p. 7.
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1892:
1209:
267:
154:
1456:
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of British Columbia between 1859 and 1860, and moved to Vancouver Island to be the manager of the Vancouver Coal Company in Nanaimo.
934:
944:
1933:
1974:
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1429:
1179:
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of land in exchange for service. From 1849 to 1853, the affairs of the Colony of Vancouver Island were also the affairs of the
1856:
1707:
766:
Jeremy Buddenhagen, "The Evolution of Security Intelligence in British Columbia, 1828-1900" BC History, vol. 42, no. 1, 2009.
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and had no uniform. By 1910, the force roster numbered 186 men. In 1923, the BCPP was reorganized and issued frontier-style
1964:
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1615:
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332:
455:
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584:
1226:
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266:
The British Columbia Provincial Police was established in 1858, with the responsibility of policing the newly formed
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1523:
1513:
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704:
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339:. The reporting structure required the Superintendent of Police to report to the Attorney-General of Canada, and
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1302:
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http://search.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/sn-340669F/view/Fonds/find%2BBritish%20Columbia%20Constabulary%2B%2B%2B%2B/1
709:
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engaged from within local communities, as per Brew's original policy on this matter based on his experience in
1861:
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437:, and was assisted by Charles S. Nicol as the Justice of the Peace for Nanaimo in 1864. Nicol had been the
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hundred to many thousand, almost overnight, due to the influx of migrants related to the gold rush on the
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to maintain the security and to prevent potential rebellion in the isolated, sparsely populated colony.
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372:
336:
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Court prosecutors, jailers and prisoner escort and during the labour troubles in Vancouver during the
103:
1818:
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175:
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1422:
1387:
1372:
568:
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250:
183:
71:
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234:. Over time, the BCPP transitioned into a purely law enforcement agency, providing provincial and
1938:
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1533:
1337:
1327:
1307:
1297:
1184:
430:
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In the 1930s, the BCPP began to contract municipalities for local policing services, and during
1943:
1907:
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1528:
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1272:
811:
171:
1483:
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1402:
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1322:
1257:
1089:
600:
271:
245:
The British Columbia Provincial Police was dissolved on August 15, 1950, and replaced by the
1833:
1024:
1928:
1590:
1538:
1488:
1407:
967:
University of British Columbia unpublished Master's Thesis, UBC Special Collections, 1955.
8:
1813:
1312:
1114:
900:
896:"Pressure to end B.C.'s 60-year ride with the Mounties is growing - The Globe and Mail"
880:
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Police and Prisons Department of the Colony of Vancouver Island, AAAA1270, BC archives
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283:
199:
187:
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for criminal investigations and for surveillance of suspected radicals, and was
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coast. The official founding of the BCPP is considered to be the appointment of
1852:
Civilian Review and Complaints Commission for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
620:
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361:
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were also deployed as required. In 1946, the force policed all rural areas and
299:
1958:
1828:
691:
664:
615:
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279:
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227:
219:
203:
158:
150:
1866:
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in Victoria and the neighbouring communities. Unlike the mainland, the
340:
321:
303:
295:
231:
211:
195:
153:, the British Columbia Provincial Police was formed to police the new
641:
635:
610:
580:
525:
349:
287:
207:
876:"Why did the B.C. Provincial Police disappear? - The Globe and Mail"
630:
625:
511:
473:
375:
309:
163:
935:
B.C. had a provincial police force once before. Why did it vanish?
410:
555:
463:
451:
438:
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418:
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and a subsequent rapid growth in population due to the influx of
114:
979:
Policing a Pioneer Province: The BC Provincial Police, 1858-1950
422:
328:
317:
191:
139:
90:
812:
B.A. McKelvie and Willard Ireland, "The Victoria Voltigeurs,"
367:
993:
Making Law Order and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871
673:, Chief Constable in New Westminster and Fraser Valley 1861-?
459:
28:
574:
1205:
Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit – British Columbia
995:
Vancouver: University of British Columbia PhD Thesis, 1990.
426:
413:, and other so called "mixed bloods" recruited by Governor
402:
1195:
British Columbia Commercial Vehicle Safety and Enforcement
489:
was established in the 1920s, the BCPP contracted private
286:
of British Columbia, which at the time was experiencing a
945:
British Columbia Provincial Police - Veterans Association
1105:
Environment and Climate Change Canada Enforcement Branch
1059:
1006:
British Columbia Justice Over 92 Years A Short History
387:
On June 1, 1858, Augustus Pemberton was appointed the
1781:
Régie intermunicipale de police de la Rivière-du-Nord
1586:
Calgary Transit Public Safety and Enforcement Section
1888:
List of law enforcement agencies in British Columbia
681:
238:services across the British Columbia mainland and
118:Inspection of the BCPP during the 1939 royal visit
1439:Service de police de l’agglomération de Longueuil
974:University of Victoria Special Collections, 1987.
182:by seventeen years. Brew, a former member of the
1956:
1712:Office of the Independent Police Review Director
529:Special constables attached to the BCPP for the
302:, who feared an attempt by the United States to
958:Tales of the British Columbia Provincial Police
352:, and generally enforcing provincial statutes.
335:, and the BCPP came under the authority of the
1647:Integrated National Security Enforcement Teams
1085:Canadian Forces National Investigation Service
206:migrants who came to British Columbia for its
1200:British Columbia Conservation Officer Service
1045:
1014:"Why Did the BC Provincial Police disappear?"
1778:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1224:
1157:
1642:Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police Service
1980:1950 disestablishments in British Columbia
1970:Defunct law enforcement agencies of Canada
1903:Provincial correctional services in Canada
1893:List of law enforcement agencies in Canada
1210:Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia
1052:
1038:
1611:University of Alberta Protective Services
1448:Service de police de la Ville de Montréal
1215:High Sheriff of Newfoundland and Labrador
575:Continued interest in provincial policing
462:uniforms with green piping, flat-brimmed
524:
472:
366:
270:, the westernmost mainland territory of
186:and officially British Columbia's Chief
113:
1985:1858 establishments in British Columbia
1934:Rotary Museum of Police and Corrections
1457:Service de police de la Ville de Québec
1957:
1774:Prince Edward Island Provincial Police
1685:Alberta Serious Incident Response Team
1430:Service de police de la Ville de Laval
1180:Alberta Law Enforcement Response Teams
965:The British Columbia Police, 1858-1871
371:BCPP officer Jack Henry posing with a
1857:Military Police Complaints Commission
1033:
1011:
814:British Columbia Historical Quarterly
1601:McMaster University Security Service
1621:YRT/Viva Special Constable Services
1616:University of Toronto Campus Safety
999:
658:
382:
13:
1734:British Columbia Provincial Police
1343:Kennebecasis Regional Police Force
1061:Law enforcement agencies in Canada
950:
124:British Columbia Provincial Police
22:British Columbia Provincial Police
14:
1996:
1898:List of police firearms in Canada
1690:Independent Investigations Office
1570:Stl’atl’imx Tribal Police Service
1378:New Westminster Police Department
928:
506:, and sophisticated sections for
487:Criminal Investigation Department
210:and the accompanying the risk of
1924:Ontario Provincial Police Museum
1637:Canadian National Police Service
1524:West Vancouver Police Department
1514:Waterloo Regional Police Service
1190:British Columbia Sheriff Service
705:British Columbia Sheriff Service
684:
27:
1754:New Brunswick Provincial Police
1383:Niagara Regional Police Service
1227:Unité permanente anticorruption
1153:Royal Newfoundland Constabulary
1080:Canadian Forces Military Police
908:
888:
868:
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
805:
583:, a former Chief Constable and
522:, and investigation divisions.
444:
1788:Saskatchewan Provincial Police
1702:Serious Incident Response Team
1696:Independent Investigation Unit
1662:Metro Vancouver Transit Police
1333:Halton Regional Police Service
1318:Greater Sudbury Police Service
1303:Durham Regional Police Service
1283:Central Saanich Police Service
1100:Correctional Service of Canada
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
750:
740:
730:
721:
710:Saskatchewan Provincial Police
561:
454:, and until 1923 they were in
202:against possible rebellion by
1:
1975:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1862:Toronto Police Services Board
1591:GO Transit Special Constables
1560:Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service
1464:Saugeen Shores Police Service
1293:Charlottetown Police Services
1220:Ontario conservation officers
1120:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1075:Canada Border Services Agency
1008:(BCPP Veterans Assn website)]
715:
247:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1809:Aircraft Protective Officers
1749:New Brunswick Highway Patrol
1596:Niagara Parks Police Service
1479:Summerside Police Department
1413:Port Moody Police Department
1253:Abbotsford Police Department
1012:Matas, Robert (2010-09-11).
981:, Harbour Publishing, 1991.
298:. The situation worried the
261:
7:
1965:History of British Columbia
1883:Indigenous police in Canada
1708:Special Investigations Unit
1565:Treaty Three Police Service
1504:Vancouver Police Department
1469:South Simcoe Police Service
1368:Medicine Hat Police Service
916:"bcpp-regulations-1942.pdf"
677:
373:Smith & Wesson Model 10
10:
2001:
1819:Bylaw enforcement officers
1744:Manitoba Provincial Police
1555:Anishinabek Police Service
1548:Indigenous police services
1509:Victoria Police Department
1494:Thunder Bay Police Service
960:Sidney, B.C., Gray's Pub.
407:Colony of Vancouver Island
358:unincorporated settlements
268:Colony of British Columbia
256:
178:by fifteen years, and the
155:Colony of British Columbia
1916:
1875:
1842:
1801:
1779:
1764:North-West Mounted Police
1759:Newfoundland Ranger Force
1729:Alberta Provincial Police
1721:
1675:
1629:
1578:
1547:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1398:Oak Bay Police Department
1358:Lethbridge Police Service
1268:Brockville Police Service
1263:Belleville Police Service
1241:
1225:
1170:
1158:
1148:Ontario Provincial Police
1140:
1133:
1067:
700:Alberta Provincial Police
596:Known ranks of the BCPP:
481:officer issuing a ticket.
364:throughout the province.
180:Ontario Provincial Police
176:North-West Mounted Police
142:, between 1858 and 1950.
96:
82:
77:
67:
59:
51:
46:
38:
26:
21:
1793:Shelburne Police Service
1652:Integrated Security Unit
1606:Transit Enforcement Unit
1474:Stratford Police Service
1423:Saskatoon Police Service
1388:North Bay Police Service
1373:Nelson Police Department
591:
184:Royal Irish Constabulary
170:. The BCPP preceded the
78:Jurisdictional structure
1939:Vancouver Police Museum
1667:Via Rail Police Service
1534:Winnipeg Police Service
1338:Hamilton Police Service
1328:Halifax Regional Police
1308:Edmonton Police Service
1298:Delta Police Department
1185:Alberta Sheriffs Branch
83:Operations jurisdiction
1944:Winnipeg Police Museum
1908:Police ranks in Canada
1657:Ottawa By-law Services
1579:Special constabularies
1529:Windsor Police Service
1499:Toronto Police Service
1393:Nunavik Police Service
1353:Lacombe Police Service
1288:Cobourg Police Service
1278:Camrose Police Service
1273:Calgary Police Service
977:Lynne Stonier-Newman,
963:John Frederick Hatch,
606:Assistant Commissioner
534:
531:1935 waterfront strike
482:
379:
172:Canadian Confederation
119:
16:Law enforcement agency
1484:Surrey Police Service
1418:Regina Police Service
1403:Ottawa Police Service
1363:London Police Service
1348:Kingston Police Force
1323:Guelph Police Service
1258:Barrie Police Service
1090:Canada Revenue Agency
940:BCPP Regulations 1942
528:
476:
370:
320:with the powers of a
272:British North America
194:with the powers of a
117:
1929:RCMP Heritage Centre
1814:Auxiliary constables
1539:York Regional Police
1489:Taber Police Service
1408:Peel Regional Police
1115:Parks Canada wardens
431:Hudson's Bay Company
649:3rd Class Constable
646:2nd Class Constable
552:Oakalla prison farm
174:by nine years, the
1834:Special constables
1769:Nova Scotia Police
1313:Fredericton Police
1095:Competition Bureau
901:The Globe and Mail
881:The Globe and Mail
535:
518:, identification,
504:crime laboratories
491:detective agencies
483:
380:
354:Special constables
120:
68:Superseding agency
33:Emblem of the BCPP
1952:
1951:
1824:Firearms officers
1237:
1236:
1141:Provincial police
671:Otway J.J. Wilkie
653:Special Constable
360:as well as forty
284:Gold commissioner
188:Gold Commissioner
145:One of the first
132:provincial police
112:
111:
72:RCMP "E" Division
1992:
1784:
1783:
1519:West Grey Police
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1230:
1229:
1163:
1162:
1160:Sûreté du Québec
1138:
1137:
1125:Transport Canada
1110:Fishery officers
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1021:
1018:Globe & Mail
923:
922:
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764:
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738:
734:
728:
725:
694:
689:
688:
687:
659:Chief Constables
548:Vancouver Island
544:Great Depression
468:Sam Browne belts
383:Vancouver Island
337:Attorney-General
240:Vancouver Island
236:municipal police
136:British Columbia
87:British Columbia
31:
19:
18:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1912:
1871:
1844:
1838:
1797:
1739:Dominion Police
1717:
1677:
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1625:
1574:
1543:
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1243:
1233:
1172:
1166:
1129:
1063:
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951:Further reading
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731:
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690:
685:
683:
680:
661:
594:
577:
564:
499:radio telegraph
447:
385:
314:Chief Constable
264:
259:
168:Chief Constable
147:law enforcement
108:
104:Civilian police
63:August 15, 1950
47:Agency overview
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1950:
1949:
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1946:
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1936:
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569:"E" Division
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508:fingerprints
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445:Amalgamation
417:, himself a
398:Fraser River
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251:"E" Division
244:
198:to maintain
162:
149:agencies in
144:
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39:Abbreviation
1845:commissions
1843:Boards and
1630:Specialized
1173:enforcement
816:, 20, 1956.
667:(1858–1870)
562:Dissolution
495:Pinkerton's
485:Before its
389:Stipendiary
296:gold miners
292:prospectors
232:postmasters
134:service of
1959:Categories
1134:Provincial
991:Tina Loo,
716:References
640:1st Class
516:ballistics
466:hats, and
341:constables
322:magistrate
216:registrars
212:annexation
196:magistrate
130:) was the
1678:oversight
1246:municipal
1242:Regional
1171:Other law
642:Constable
636:Detective
611:Inspector
581:Kash Heed
579:In 2010,
350:smuggling
288:gold rush
262:Formation
208:gold rush
60:Dissolved
1802:Staffing
678:See also
631:Corporal
626:Sergeant
512:firearms
393:Victoria
376:revolver
333:province
310:de facto
204:American
164:de facto
1917:Museums
1722:Defunct
1676:Police
1068:Federal
556:Burnaby
550:to the
464:stetson
452:Ireland
439:Sheriff
435:Nanaimo
419:mulatto
346:strikes
300:British
282:as the
276:Pacific
274:on the
257:History
161:as the
985:
423:Guyana
329:Canada
318:vested
230:, and
192:vested
190:, was
140:Canada
91:Canada
52:Formed
1876:Lists
919:(PDF)
592:Ranks
477:BCPP
460:khaki
427:acres
421:from
411:Metis
403:jails
331:as a
304:annex
1714:(ON)
1710:and
1704:(NS)
1698:(MB)
1692:(BC)
1244:and
983:ISBN
514:and
391:for
294:and
128:BCPP
122:The
55:1858
42:BCPP
747:47.
585:MLA
554:in
249:'s
1961::
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126:(
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