Breast cancer - Knowledge

1815:. These modifications might prevent 38% of breast cancers in the US, 42% in the UK, 28% in Brazil, and 20% in China. The benefits with moderate exercise such as brisk walking are seen at all age groups including postmenopausal women. High levels of physical activity reduce the risk of breast cancer by about 14%. Strategies that encourage regular physical activity and reduce obesity could also have other benefits, such as reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A study that included data from 130,957 women of European ancestry found "strong evidence that greater levels of physical activity and less sedentary time are likely to reduce breast cancer risk, with results generally consistent across breast cancer subtypes". 422: 2121: 1945: 806: 794: 782: 1301:

of diagnosis. Triple-negative breast cancer (up to 15% of cases) and inflammatory breast cancer (up to 5% of cases) are particularly aggressive and have relatively poor prognoses. Those with triple-negative breast cancer have an overall five-year survival rate of 77% – 91% for those whose tumors are confined to the breast; 12% for those with metastases. Those with inflammatory breast cancer are diagnosed after the cancer has already spread to the skin of the breast. They have an overall five-year survival rate of 39%; 19% for those with metastases. The relatively rare tumors with tubular, mucinous, or medullary growth tend to have better prognoses.

617: 1413: 1850:) reduces the risk of developing breast cancer by more than 95%. In women genetically predisposed to developing breast cancer, preventive mastectomy reduces their risk of dying from breast cancer. For those at normal risk, preventive mastectomy does not reduce their chance of dying, and so is generally not recommended. Removing the second breast in a person who has breast cancer (contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy or CRRM) may reduce the risk of cancer in the second breast, but it is not clear whether removing the second breast improves the chance of survival. An increasing number of women who test positive for faulty 1908: 8000: 1795: 2556:. Further study is required to determine the most effective antibiotic protocol and use in women undergoing immediate breast reconstruction. Andrographolide is the main bioactive compound found in the Andrographis paniculata plant, which is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine and herbal medicine in Asia. This compound is known to have a variety of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, attention has turned to the potential of andrographolide as an anticancer agent. 1633: 818: 1644: 511: 555: 2607:, was established in 1958. Since then, and despite sustained work in this area, the number of permanent lines obtained has been strikingly low (about 100). Indeed, attempts to culture breast cancer cell lines from primary tumors have been largely unsuccessful. This poor efficiency was often due to technical difficulties associated with the extraction of viable tumor cells from their surrounding stroma. Most of the available breast cancer cell lines issued from metastatic tumors, mainly from 77: 1233: 583: 637: 899:

recurrence. There is no established risk cutoff for offering chemotherapy; determining who should receive chemotherapy is controversial. Chemotherapy drugs are typically given in two- to three-week cycles, with periods of drug treatment interspersed with rest periods to recover from the therapies' side effects. Four to six cycles are given in total. Many classes of chemotherapeutic agents are effective for breast cancer treatment, including the

2438:, late-stage, or breast cancer at diagnosis, genetic differences in tumor subtypes, and differences in healthcare access all contribute to these disparities. Socioeconomic determinants affecting the disparity in breast cancer illness include poverty, culture, and social injustice. In Hispanic women, the incidence of breast cancer is lower than in non-Hispanic women, but is often diagnosed at a later stage than white women with larger tumors. 10090: 10158: 10050: 10175: 10141: 10124: 848: 2277: 775:) to IV (worst prognosis), with groups I, II, and III further divided into subgroups IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC. In general, tumors of higher T and N scores and higher grades are assigned higher stage groups. Tumors that are ER, PR, and HER2 positive are slightly lower stage group than those that are negative. Tumors that have metastasized are stage IV, regardless of the other scored characteristics. 10107: 703:(in the mammary lobes) rarely causes a noticeable lump, and is often found incidentally during a biopsy for another reason. It is commonly spread throughout both breasts. Those with lobular carcinoma in situ also have an increased risk of developing breast cancer – around 1% develop breast cancer each year. However, their risk of dying of breast cancer is no higher than the rest of the population. 714:, and how many cells are actively replicating. Each feature is scored on a three-point scale, with a higher score indicating less healthy looking tissue. A grade is assigned based on the sum of the three scores. Combined scores of 3, 4, or 5 represent grade 1, a slower-growing cancer. Scores of 6 or 7 represent grade 2. Scores of 8 or 9 represent grade 3, a faster-growing, more aggressive cancer. 10062: 887:, where radioactive material is placed into a device inserted at the surgical site the tumor was removed from. Fresh radioactive material is added twice a day for five days, then the device is removed. Surgery plus radiation typically eliminates a person's breast tumor. Less than 5% of those treated have their breast tumor grow back. After surgery and radiation, the breast can be 1672:, occurs because of an interaction between an environmental (external) factor and a genetically susceptible host. Normal cells divide as many times as needed, and stop. They attach to other cells and stay in place in tissues. Cells become cancerous when they lose their ability to stop dividing, to attach to other cells, to stay where they belong, and to die at the proper time. 733:(HER2). Tumors containing either ER or PR are called "hormone receptor-positive" and can be treated with hormone therapies. Around 15 to 20% of tumors contain HER2; these can be treated with HER2-targeted therapies. The remainder that do not contain ER, PR, or HER2 are called "triple-negative" tumors, and tend to grow more quickly than other breast cancer types. 574:, does not reduce a person's chance of dying from breast cancer. Clinical breast exams, where a health professional feels the breasts for abnormalities, are common; whether they reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer is not known. Regular breast cancer screening is commonplace in most wealthy nations, but remains uncommon in the world's poorer countries. 1881:. There is no overall change in the risk of death. They are thus not recommended for the prevention of breast cancer in women at average risk but it is recommended they be offered for those at high risk and over the age of 35. The benefit of breast cancer reduction continues for at least five years after stopping a course of treatment with these medications. 764:(on the other side of the breast, near the chest center), or for axillary lymph nodes that appear attached to each other or to the tissue around them (a sign of more severely affected tissue). N3 designates tumors that have spread to the highest axillary lymph nodes (called "level 3" axillary lymph nodes, above the armpit near the shoulder), to the 756:(cm) across are designated T1. Tumors 2–5 cm across are T2. A tumor greater than 5 cm across is T3. Tumors that extend to the chest wall or to the skin are designated T4. N scores are based on whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. N0 indicates no spread to the lymph nodes. N1 is for tumors that have spread to the closest 2418:

most common cancer worldwide for men and women. The improved survival rate made breast cancer the most prevalent cancer in the world. In 2010 an estimated 3.6 million women worldwide have had a breast cancer diagnosis in the past five years, while only 1.4 million male or female survivors from lung cancer were alive.

2475:, and naturally high estrogen levels). Treatment typically involves surgery, followed by radiation if needed. Around 90% men's tumors are ER-positive, and are treated with endocrine therapy, typically tamoxifen. The disease course and prognosis is similar to that in women of similar age with similar disease characteristics. 1443:(BMI) causes 7% of breast cancers while diabetes is responsible for 2%. At the same time the correlation between obesity and breast cancer is not at all linear. Studies show that those who rapidly gain weight in adulthood are at higher risk than those who have been overweight since childhood. Likewise, excess fat in the 2412:

In 2002 it was noted that as a result of breast cancer's high visibility, the statistical results can be misinterpreted, such as the claim that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lives – a claim that depends on the unrealistic assumption that no woman will die of any

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Rates of breast cancer vary across the world, but generally correlate with wealth. Around 1 in 12 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in wealthier countries, compared to 1 in 27 in lower income countries. Most of that difference is due to differences in menstrual and reproductive histories – women

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The major causes of sporadic breast cancer are associated with hormone levels. Breast cancer is promoted by estrogen. This hormone activates the development of breast throughout puberty, menstrual cycles and pregnancy. The imbalance between estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual phases causes

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does not cause breast cancer for most women; if it has an effect, it is small (on the order of 0.01% per user–year), temporary, and offset by the users' significantly reduced risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. Among those with a family history of breast cancer, use of modern oral contraceptives

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recommend annual screening mammograms for women aged 50–70. Screening also reduces breast cancer mortality in women aged 40–49, and some guidelines recommend annual screening in this age group as well. For women at high risk for developing breast cancer, most guidelines recommend adding MRI screening

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In contrast, abortion is associated with increased risk of carcinomas of the breast. The explanation for these epidemiologic findings is not known, but the parallelism between the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma model and the human situation is striking. ... Abortion would interrupt this process,

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Poverty is a major driver for disparities related to breast cancer. Low-income women are less likely to undergo breast cancer screening and thus are more likely to have a late-stage diagnosis. Ensuring women of all ethnic groups receive equitable health care including breast screening can positively

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Black women are usually diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age than white women. The median age of diagnosis for Black women is 59, in comparison to 62 in White women. The incidence of breast cancer in Black women has increased by 0.4% per year since 1975 and 1.5% per year among Asian/Pacific

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for breast cancer as well as in breast cancer treatment. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer affecting women of every ethnic group in the United States. Breast cancer incidence among Black women aged 45 and older is higher than that of white women in the same age group. White women aged 60–84

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can be activated by estrogen to support the development of breast cancer. During the ligand binding activation, the ER can regulate gene expression by interacting with estrogen response elements within the promotor of specific genes. The expression and activation of ER due to lack of estrogen can be

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from diagnosis. Those whose tumor(s) are completely confined to the breast (nearly two thirds of cases) have the best prognoses – over 99% survive at least five years. Those whose tumors have metastasized to distant sites have relatively poor prognoses – 31% survive at least five years from the time

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A mammogram also reveals breast density; dense breast tissue appears opaque on a mammogram and can obscure tumors. BI-RADS categorizes breast density into four categories. Mammography can detect around 90% of breast tumors in the least dense breasts (called "fatty" breasts), but just 60% in the most

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is being studied to see if it could be a substitute for a lumpectomy in small cancers. There is tentative evidence in those with tumors less than 2 centimeters across. It may also be used in those in who surgery is not possible. Another review states that cryoablation looks promising for early

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it was only 20.6%. Because the prognosis for breast cancer was at this stage relatively favorable, compared to the prognosis for other cancers, breast cancer as cause of death among women was 13.9% of all cancer deaths. The second most common cause of death from cancer in women was lung cancer, the

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criticized that the emphasis on breast cancer screening may be harming women by subjecting them to unnecessary radiation, biopsies, and surgery. One-third of diagnosed breast cancers might recede on their own. Screening mammography efficiently finds non-life-threatening, asymptomatic breast cancers

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of the 20th century. This series of political and educational campaigns, partly inspired by the politically and socially effective AIDS awareness campaigns, resulted in the widespread acceptance of second opinions before surgery, less invasive surgical procedures, support groups, and other advances

2165:, who published a comparative study in 1926 of 500 breast cancer cases and 500 controls of the same background and lifestyle for the British Ministry of Health. Radical mastectomies remained the standard of care in the USA until the 1970s, but in Europe, breast-sparing procedures, often followed by 1935:

Breast cancer predominantly affects women; less than 1% of those with breast cancer are men. Women can develop breast cancer as early as adolescence, but risk increases with age, and 75% of cases are in women over 50 years old. The risk over a woman's lifetime is approximately 1.5% at age 40, 3% at

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Around 10% of those with breast cancer have a family history of the disease or genetic factors that put them at higher risk. Women who have had a first-degree relative (mother or sister) diagnosed with breast cancer are at a 30–50% increased risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer themselves. In

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later (after 51) are at increased risk of developing breast cancer. Women who give birth early in life are protected from breast cancer – someone who gives birth as a teenager has around a 70% lower risk of developing breast cancer than someone who does not have children. That protection wanes with

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in the breast is most common. Most breast lumps are not cancer, though lumps that are painless, hard, and with irregular edges are more likely to be cancerous. Other symptoms include swelling or pain in the breast; dimpling, thickening, redness, or dryness of the breast skin; and pain, or inversion

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in England and the United States are between 80 and 90%. In developing countries, five-year survival rates are lower. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases. In 2018, it resulted in two million new cases and 627,000 deaths. It is more common

2302:. They may be worn to honor those who have been diagnosed with breast cancer, or to identify products that the manufacturer would like to sell to consumers that are interested in breast cancer. In the 1990s, breast cancer awareness campaigns were launched by US-based corporations. As part of these 878:

After surgery, many undergo radiotherapy to decrease the chance of cancer recurrence. Those who had lumpectomies receive radiation to the whole breast. Those who had a mastectomy and are at elevated risk of tumor spread – tumor greater than five centimeters wide, or cancerous cells in nearby lymph

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rather than a disease. To fit into this mold, the woman with breast cancer needs to normalize and feminize her appearance, and minimize the disruption that her health issues cause anyone else. Anger, sadness, and negativity must be silenced. As with most cultural models, people who conform to the

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Samantha King claimed that breast cancer has been transformed from a serious disease and individual tragedy to a market-driven industry of survivorship and corporate sales pitch. In 2010 Gayle Sulik argued that the primary purposes or goals of breast cancer culture are to maintain breast cancer's

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Before the 20th century, breast cancer was feared and discussed in hushed tones, as if it were shameful. As little could be safely done with primitive surgical techniques, women tended to suffer silently rather than seeking care. When surgery advanced, and long-term survival rates improved, women

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documented in the mid-17th century that following 12 mastectomies, two patients died during the operation, eight patients died shortly after the operation from progressive cancer and only two of the 12 patients were cured. Physicians were conservative in the treatment they prescribed in the early

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increases the risk of breast cancer, even among very light drinkers (women drinking less than half of one alcoholic drink per day). The risk is highest among heavy drinkers. Globally, about one in ten cases of breast cancer is caused by women drinking alcoholic beverages. Alcohol use is among the

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and anesthesia. The Halsted radical mastectomy often involved removing both breasts, associated lymph nodes, and the underlying chest muscles. This often led to long-term pain and disability, but was seen as necessary to prevent the cancer from recurring. Before the advent of the Halsted radical

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Because of its visibility, breast cancer was the form of cancer most often described in ancient documents. Because autopsies were rare, cancers of the internal organs were essentially invisible to ancient medicine. Breast cancer, however, could be felt through the skin, and in its advanced state

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In addition to the factors that influence cancer staging, a person's age can also impact prognosis. Breast cancer before age 35 is rare, and is more likely to be associated with genetic predisposition to aggressive cancer. Conversely, breast cancer in those aged over 75 is associated with poorer

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Chemotherapy reduces the chance of cancer recurring in the next ten years by around a third. However, 1-2% of those on chemotherapy experience life-threatening or permanent side effects. To balance these benefits and risks, chemotherapy is typically offered to those with a higher risk of cancer

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Clinically, the most useful metabolic markers in breast cancer are the estrogen and progesterone receptors that are used to predict response to hormone therapy. New or potentially new markers for breast cancer include BRCA1 and BRCA2 to identify people at high risk of developing breast cancer,

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can have positive effects on outcomes such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression and mood disturbance, and can also improve the quality of life. Physical activity interventions, yoga and meditation may also have beneficial effects on health related quality of life, cognitive impairment,

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nodes – receive radiation to the mastectomy scar and chest wall. If cancerous cells have spread to nearby lymph nodes, those lymph nodes will be irradiated as well. Radiation is typically given five days per week, for up to seven weeks. Radiotherapy for breast cancer is typically delivered via

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earlier and have children later, both factors that increase risk of developing breast cancer. People in lower income countries tend to have less access to breast cancer screening and treatments, and so breast cancer death rates tend to be higher. 1 in 71 women die of breast cancer in wealthy

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Breast cancers are classified by several grading systems, each of which assesses a tumor characteristic that impacts a person's prognosis. First, a tumor is classified by the tissue it arises from, or the appearance of the tumor tissue under a microscope. Most breast cancers (85%) are ductal

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is avoided. Chemotherapy is avoided during the first trimester, but can be safely administered through the rest of the pregnancy term. anti-HER2 treatments and endocrine therapies are delayed until after delivery. These treatments given after delivery can cross into the breast milk, and so

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promoted super radical mastectomies, taking even more tissue, until 1963, when the ten-year survival rates proved equal to the less-damaging radical mastectomy. Carson died in 1964 and Crile went on to published a wide variety of articles, both in the popular press and in medical journals,

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pathway. Sometimes the genes along these protective pathways are mutated in a way that turns them permanently "on", rendering the cell incapable of self-destructing when it is no longer needed. This is one of the steps that causes cancer in combination with other mutations. Normally, the

1074:(10%). Those with metastatic disease can receive further chemotherapy, typically starting with capecitabine, an anthracycline, or a taxane. As one chemotherapy drug fails to control the cancer, another is started. In addition to the chemotherapeutic drugs used for localized cancer, 2531:, San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, and the St. Gallen Oncology Conference in St. Gallen, Switzerland. These studies are reviewed by professional societies and other organizations, and formulated into guidelines for specific treatment groups and risk category. 2442:

Islander women since 1992. Incidence rates were stable for non-Hispanic White, Hispanics, and Native American women. The five-year survival rate is noted to be 81% in Black women and 92% in White women. Chinese and Japanese women have the highest survival rates.

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cell proliferation. Moreover, oxidative metabolites of estrogen can increase DNA damage and mutations. Repeated cycling and the impairment of repair process can transform a normal cell into pre-malignant and eventually malignant cell through mutation. During the

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Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (October 2001). "Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease".

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Johnson KC, Miller AB, Collishaw NE, Palmer JR, Hammond SK, Salmon AG, et al. (January 2011). "Active smoking and secondhand smoke increase breast cancer risk: the report of the Canadian Expert Panel on Tobacco Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk (2009)".

959:). Chemotherapies from different classes are typically given in combination, with particular chemotherapy drugs selected based on the affected person's health and the different chemotherapeutics' side effects. Anthrocyclines and cyclophosphamide cause 5849:

Brody JG, Rudel RA, Michels KB, Moysich KB, Bernstein L, Attfield KR, et al. (June 2007). "Environmental pollutants, diet, physical activity, body size, and breast cancer: where do we stand in research to identify opportunities for prevention?".

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Those with HER2-positive metastatic disease can benefit from continued use of trastuzumab, alone, in combination with pertuzumab, or in combination with chemotherapy. Those whose tumors continue to progress on trastuzumab benefit from HER2-targeted

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Cavalieri E, Chakravarti D, Guttenplan J, Hart E, Ingle J, Jankowiak R, et al. (August 2006). "Catechol estrogen quinones as initiators of breast and other human cancers: implications for biomarkers of susceptibility and cancer prevention".

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Those whose tumors have not spread beyond the breast often undergo surgery to remove the tumor and some surrounding breast tissue. The surgery method is typically chosen to spare as much healthy breast tissue as possible, removing just the tumor

1988:. The writing says about the disease, "There is no treatment." For centuries, physicians described similar cases in their practices, with the same conclusion. Ancient medicine, from the time of the Greeks through the 17th century, was based on 5655:

Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS, et al. (January 2015). "Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

1487:. Combining all of these (leading the healthiest possible lifestyle) would make almost a quarter of breast cancer cases worldwide preventable. The remaining three-quarters of breast cancer cases cannot be prevented through lifestyle changes. 1060:

and kept their other breast have similar survival rates to those who had a double mastectomy. There seems to be no survival advantage to removing the other breast, with only a 7% chance of cancer occurring in the other breast over 20 years.

287:, having children late in life (or not at all), older age, having a prior history of breast cancer, and a family history of breast cancer. About five to ten percent of cases are the result of an inherited genetic predisposition, including 1785:

directly controls the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and other genes associated with epithelial differentiation, and the loss of GATA-3 leads to loss of differentiation and poor prognosis due to cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

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appears to increase the risk of breast cancer, with the greater the amount smoked and the earlier in life that smoking began, the higher the risk. In those who are long-term smokers, the relative risk is increased by 35% to 50%.

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Breast cancer screening refers to testing otherwise-healthy women for breast cancer in an attempt to diagnose breast tumors early when treatments are more successful. The most common screening test for breast cancer is low-dose

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other disease before the age of 95. By 2010 the breast cancer survival rate in Europe was 91% at one years and 65% at five years. In the USA the five-year survival rate for localized breast cancer was 96.8%, while in cases of

2339:. Critics say that the feel-good nature of pink ribbons and pink consumption distracts society from the lack of progress on preventing and curing breast cancer. It is also criticized for reinforcing gender stereotypes and 6743:"Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 2092:

made mastectomy a painful and dangerous ordeal. In the 18th century, a wide variety of anatomical discoveries were accompanied by new theories about the cause and growth of breast cancer. The investigative surgeon

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Beral V, Bull D, Doll R, Peto R, Reeves G (March 2004). "Breast cancer and abortion: collaborative reanalysis of data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 83?000 women with breast cancer from 16 countries".

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stimulated by extracellular signals. Interestingly, the ER directly binding with the several proteins, including growth factor receptors, can promote the expression of genes related to cell growth and survival.

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issue, to promote the appearance that society is doing something effective about breast cancer, and to sustain and expand the social, political, and financial power of breast cancer activists. In the same year

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For around 1 in 5 people treated for localized breast cancer, their tumors eventually spread to distant body sites – most commonly the nearby bones (67% of cases), liver (41%), lungs (37%), brain (13%), and

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underlying the breast, as he judged that this greatly improved the prognosis. But poor results and the considerable risk to the patient meant that physicians did not share the opinion of surgeons such as

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those with zero, one or two affected relatives, the risk of breast cancer before the age of 80 is 7.8%, 13.3%, and 21.1% with a subsequent mortality from the disease of 2.3%, 4.2%, and 7.6% respectively.

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Those who have a suspected tumor from a mammogram or physical exam first undergo additional imaging – typically a second "diagnostic" mammogram and ultrasound – to confirm its presence and location. A

1049:, vaginal discomfort, and muscle and joint pain. Endocrine therapy is typically recommended for at least five years after surgery and chemotherapy, and is sometimes continued for 10 years or longer. 6034:

Anothaisintawee T, Wiratkapun C, Lerdsitthichai P, Kasamesup V, Wongwaisayawan S, Srinakarin J, et al. (September 2013). "Risk factors of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, Bougatsos C, Chan B, Nygren P, et al. (November 2009). "Screening for Breast Cancer: Systematic Evidence Review Update for the US Preventive Services Task Force ".

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slightly enhances treatment efficacy. In rare cases, trastuzumab can disrupt heart function, and so it is typically not given in conjunction with anthracyclines, which can also damage the heart.

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to chemotherapy reduces the chance of cancer recurrence and death by at least a third. Trastuzumab is given weekly or every three weeks for twelve months. Adding a second HER2-targeted antibody,

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may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date. In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort.

1618:– are at increased risk for developing breast cancer. Radioactive iodine therapy (used to treat thyroid disease) and radiation exposures after age 30 are not associated with breast cancer risk. 322:

of the concerning tissue. Once the diagnosis is made, further tests are carried out to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments are most likely to be effective.

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Diagnosing breast cancer in pregnant women is often delayed as symptoms can be masked by pregnancy-related breast changes. The diagnostic path is the same as in non-pregnant women, except that

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may instead opt for full removal of the affected breast(s) (full mastectomy). To reduce the risk of cancer spreading, women will often have the nearest lymph node removed in a procedure called

6670: 5396: 2068:. The royal patient died 1666 in atrocious pain. Each failing treatment for breast cancer led to the search for new treatments, spurring a market in remedies that were advertised and sold by 1919:

in women in most countries, accounting for 30% of cancer cases in women. In 2022, an estimated 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, and 670,000 died of the disease. The

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treatment blocks the ER in the breast and some other tissues, and reduces the risk of breast cancer death by around 40% over the next ten years. Chemically blocking estrogen production with

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also reduces one's chance of developing breast cancer, with an approximately 4% reduction in breast cancer risk for every 12 months of breastfeeding experience. Those who lack functioning

527:. Each breast is pressed between two plates and imaged. Tumors can appear unusually dense within the breast, distort the shape of surrounding tissue, or cause small dense flecks called 2205:, thinking this would lead to better long-term survival. However, it proved completely ineffective, and 15–20% of women died because of the brutal treatment. The 1995 reports from the 6275:

Filardo EJ (February 2018). "A role for G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis: Dysregulated glandular homeostasis, survival and metastasis".

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Treatments are being evaluated in clinical trials. This includes individual drugs, combinations of drugs, and surgical and radiation techniques Investigations include new types of

1893:) may be more effective than SERMs (such as tamoxifen) at reducing breast cancer risk and they are not associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolism. 3637: 839:

The management of breast cancer depends on the affected person's health, the cancer case's molecular characteristics, and how far the tumor has spread at the time of diagnosis.

768:(along the neck), or to both the axillary and intramammary lymph nodes. The M score is binary: M0 indicates no evidence metastases; M1 indicates metastases have been detected. 1771:(known functions of the encoded protein). These carcinogens cause DNA damage such as DNA crosslinks and double-strand breaks that often require repairs by pathways containing 2388:. Women who reject the model are shunned, punished and shamed. The culture is criticized for treating adult women like little girls, as evidenced by "baby" toys such as pink 6504:"Acetaldehyde stimulates FANCD2 monoubiquitination, H2AX phosphorylation, and BRCA1 phosphorylation in human cells in vitro: implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis" 2409:, screening mammography has taken the "brain-dead approach that says the best test is the one that finds the most cancers" rather than the one that finds dangerous cancers. 2234: 1537:. Women with pathogenic variants in either gene have around a 70% chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime, as well as an approximately 33% chance of developing 7249: 3615: 429:

Most people with breast cancer have no symptoms at the time of diagnosis; their tumor is detected by a breast cancer screening test. For those who do have symptoms, a new

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Up to 80% of the variation in breast cancer frequency across countries is due to differences in reproductive history that impact a woman's levels of female sex hormones (

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based on how distinct it appears from healthy breast. Breast tumors are graded on three features: the proportion of cancer cells that form tubules, the appearance of the

691:(1%; covered in finger-like growths). Oftentimes a biopsy reveals cells that are cancerous but have not yet spread beyond their original location. This condition, called 8470:"What can be done to encourage women from Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds to attend breast screening? A qualitative synthesis of barriers and facilitators" 1679:) when they are no longer needed. Until then, cells are protected from programmed death by several protein clusters and pathways. One of the protective pathways is the 3897: 3234: 761: 1514:

is a low dose, it is estimated that yearly screening from 40 to 80 years of age will cause approximately 225 cases of fatal breast cancer per million women screened.

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Breast cancer treatment has improved greatly over the years, but Black women are still less likely to obtain treatment compared to white women. Risk factors such as

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Up to 70% of those with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer benefit from additional endocrine therapy. Therapy options include those used in localized cancer, plus

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found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age, and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years of age. The medications

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Advanced tumors can spread (metastasize) beyond the breast, most commonly to the bones, liver, lungs, and brain. Bone metastases can cause swelling, progressive

8858: 6320:"Host microenvironment in breast cancer development: epithelial-cell-stromal-cell interactions and steroid hormone action in normal and cancerous mammary gland" 4961:

leaving in the gland undifferentiated structures like those observed in the rat mammary gland, which could render the gland again susceptible to carcinogenesis.

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Burris HA (March 2018). "Ribociclib for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer".

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seems to induce a higher risk than excess weight carried in the lower body. Dietary factors that may increase risk include a high-fat diet and obesity-related

1359:/estrogen therapy increases breast cancer risk – approximately doubling one's risk after 6–7 years of treatment (though the same therapy decreases the risk of 570:

to mammography, to increase the chance of detecting potentially dangerous tumors. Regularly feeling one's own breasts for lumps or other abnormalities, called

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Breast cancer prognosis varies widely depending on how far the tumor has spread at the time of diagnosis. Overall, 91% of women diagnosed with breast cancer

1264:, muscle and joint pain, and vaginal dryness/discomfort that can lead to issues having sex. Around half of women have their hot flashes alleviated by taking 6790:

Hayes J, Richardson A, Frampton C (November 2013). "Population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women".

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TNM scores are then combined with tumor grades and ER/PR/HER2 status to calculate a cancer case's "prognostic stage group". Stage groups range from I (best

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is another preventive measure in some high risk women. In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery,

7071:"Intake of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis of data from 21 independent prospective cohort studies" 3919: 2011:. It was not until doctors achieved greater understanding of the circulatory system in the 17th century that they could link breast cancer's spread to the 1468:

regularly for prolonged periods is associated with higher mortality from breast cancer. The risk is not negated by regular exercise, though it is lowered.

598:, with a hollow needle used to collect tissue from the area of interest. Suspected tumors that appear to be filled with fluid are often instead sampled by 106:

A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on the breast

1129:). When one endocrine therapy fails, most will benefit from transitioning to a second one. Some respond to a third sequential therapy as well. Adding an 3023:

Fakhri N, Chad MA, Lahkim M, Houari A, Dehbi H, Belmouden A, et al. (September 2022). "Risk factors for breast cancer in women: an update review".

2244:

of the disease and the possibility of successful treatment. The "Women's Field Army", run by the American Society for the Control of Cancer (later the

8371: 8207: 3848: 2194:

was diagnosed with breast cancer, the options for treating breast cancer were openly discussed in the press. During the 1970s, a new understanding of

1992:, and thus believed that breast cancer was generally caused by imbalances in the fundamental fluids that controlled the body, especially an excess of 1830:

contributes to reducing breast cancer risk. High intake of citrus fruit has been associated with a 10% reduction in the risk of breast cancer. Marine

2298:

is the most prominent symbol of breast cancer awareness. Pink ribbons, which can be made inexpensively, are sometimes sold as fundraisers, much like

2198:

led to perceiving cancer as a systemic illness as well as a localized one, and more sparing procedures were developed that proved equally effective.

6662: 5386: 6016: 5019:"Use of Oral Contraceptives as a Potential Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies Up to 2010" 2431:

have higher incidence rates of breast cancer than Black women. Despite this, Black women at every age are more likely to succumb to breast cancer.

2331:, because some people wear the pink ribbon to show good will towards women with breast cancer, but then oppose these women's practical goals, like 3259: 699:(in the mammary ducts) are at increased risk for developing true invasive breast cancer – around a third develop breast cancer within five years. 337:

screening does more harm than good, in that a large proportion of women who test positive turn out not to have the disease. A 2009 review for the

4751: 3456: 2264: 1256:

drugs can alleviate nausea and vomiting; cooling the scalp with a cold cap during chemotherapy treatments may reduce hair loss. Many complain of

9003: 1355:

symptoms can also increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, though the effect depends on the type and duration of therapy. Combined

5230:

All levels of evidence showed a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer, even at low levels of consumption.

1551:– also increase breast cancer risk; a woman with such a variant has around a 50% increased risk of developing breast cancer. Variants in other 2132:

resulted in dramatic increases in lifespan. Previously, most women had died too young to have developed breast cancer. In 1878, an article in

1382:

increased the risk of developing breast cancer. This hypothesis was the subject of extensive scientific inquiry, which concluded that neither

9787: 9744: 9299: 2808: 8417:

Yedjou CG, Sims JN, Miele L, Noubissi F, Lowe L, Fonseca DD, et al. (3 January 2020). "Health and Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer".

3498: 3496: 1732:

can facilitate malignant cell growth. In breast adipose tissue, overexpression of leptin leads to increased cell proliferation and cancer.

2459:

Breast cancer is relatively uncommon in men, but it can occur. Typically, a breast tumor appears as a lump in the breast. Men who develop

8803:"Thresholds for therapies: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2009" 8077: 3266: 3009: 449:

of one breast, causing the breast to substantially swell and redden over three to six months. Up to 3% of people with breast cancer have

8505: 6211: 5704:"Combined lifestyle factors, incident cancer, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies" 3493: 2463:(enlargement of the breast tissue due to hormone imbalance) are at increased risk, as are men with disease-associated variations in the 2351:, to target businesses that have co-opted the pink campaign to promote products that cause breast cancer, such as alcoholic beverages. 4838: 4726: 4193: 6426:

Jardé T, Perrier S, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chézet F (January 2011). "Molecular mechanisms of leptin and adiponectin in breast cancer".

2157:

were developed in the 1920s and 1930s to determining the extent to which a cancer has developed by growing and spreading. The first

636: 2676: 2177:

arguing that cancer patients needed to understand available treatment options. Crile became a close friend of the environmentalist

730: 532: 7635:"Breast Cancer—Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies—An Updated Review" 5608:"Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy" 4873:"Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases" 4094: 2615:

and other tumor stroma cells. Many of the currently used BCC lines were established in the late 1970s. A very few of them, namely

2201:

In the 1980s and 1990s, thousands of women who had successfully completed standard treatment then demanded and received high-dose

1706:

protein turns off the PI3K/AKT pathway when the cell is ready for programmed cell death. In some breast cancers, the gene for the

434:

of the nipple. Some may experience unusual discharge from the breasts, or swelling of the lymph nodes under the arms or along the

7474:"Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data" 7384:"Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data" 7225: 2631:, account for more than two-thirds of all abstracts reporting studies on mentioned breast cancer cell lines, as concluded from a 1692: 1577: 805: 793: 781: 3934: 2496:

is generally not possible. The prognosis for pregnant women with breast cancer is similar to non-pregnant women of similar age.

2306:

campaigns, corporations donated to a variety of breast cancer initiatives for every pink ribbon product that was purchased. The

10210: 10017: 9402:"Breast microcalcifications: the UK RCR 5-point breast imaging system or BI-RADS; which is the better predictor of malignancy?" 8888: 7777: 4060: 2841: 2138:

described historical treatment by pressure intended to induce local ischemia in cases when surgical removal were not possible.

1713:

Mutations that can lead to breast cancer have been experimentally linked to estrogen exposure. Additionally, G-protein coupled

1696: 1257: 741: 8784: 7343:"Use of medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force" 4476:"Cancer-related cognitive impairment: an update on state of the art, detection, and management strategies in cancer survivors" 2595:

derived from breast cancers. These provide an unlimited source of homogenous self-replicating material, free of contaminating

1260:. These usually resolve within a few months of the end of chemotherapy treatment. Those on endocrine therapy often experience 9881: 9308: 9221: 8434: 8394: 8245: 8182: 8136: 8111: 8071: 8028: 7949: 7924: 7894: 7864: 7839: 7814: 7720: 3303: 3226: 3003: 2970: 2792: 2528: 2252:, called "Reach to Recovery", began providing post-mastectomy, in-hospital visits from women who had survived breast cancer. 2042: 1870: 1823: 1375: 9443:

Nielsen S, Narayan AK (February 2023). "Breast Cancer Screening Modalities, Recommendations, and Novel Imaging Techniques".

4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 2877: 1610:

Women whose breasts have been exposed to substantial radiation doses before the age of 30 – typically due to repeated chest

1526:

Women with certain genetic variants are at higher risk of developing breast cancer. The most well known are variants of the

1240:

Many breast cancer therapies have side effects that can be alleviated with appropriate supportive care. Chemotherapy causes

8361: 5459: 8610:

Suryawanshi YR, Zhang T, Essani K (March 2017). "Oncolytic viruses: emerging options for the treatment of breast cancer".

6973:"Fruit and vegetable consumption and incident breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies" 5291: 3478: 1826:

advised in 2016 that people should eat a diet high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes. Eating foods rich in

10078: 9588: 8335: 4790: 1831: 1273: 627: 9260:

Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, Gnant M, Houssami N, Poortmans P, et al. (September 2019). "Breast cancer".

4032: 3321:"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries" 2907:"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries" 2113:

and whether lumps were benign stages of cancer. Medical opinion about necessary immediate treatment varied. The surgeon

875:

biopsy. Dye is injected near the tumor site, and several hours later the lymph node the dye accumulates in is removed.

4930:"Susceptibility of the mammary gland to carcinogenesis. II. Pregnancy interruption as a risk factor in tumor incidence" 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4301: 1710:

protein is mutated, so the PI3K/AKT pathway is stuck in the "on" position, and the cancer cell does not self-destruct.

817: 737: 688: 7599: 7597: 7595: 10027: 9737: 8850: 8318: 7830:

Faguet G (2015). "Chapter 2: An Historical Overview: From Prehistory to WWII. From Medieval Europe to World War II".

2230: 1363:). Hormone treatment with estrogen alone has no effect on breast cancer risk, but increases one's risk of developing 975:, which is permanent in up to 5% of those treated. The same chemotherapy agents can be given before surgery – called 338: 10096: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5930: 4339: 2003:

Mastectomy for breast cancer was performed at least as early as AD 548, when it was proposed by the court physician

9914: 9869: 7967:"Scientific surgeon of the Enlightenment or 'plagiarist in everything': a reappraisal of Benjamin Bell (1749–1806)" 7592: 3179: 2611:. Effusions provided generally large numbers of dissociated, viable tumor cells with little or no contamination by 2578: 1090:

are sometimes effective. Those with bone metastases benefit from regular infusion of the bone-strengthening agents

450: 402: 8285: 7316: 3368: 2739: 535:(BI-RADS) is the most common globally – where a higher number corresponds to a greater risk of a cancerous tumor. 10164: 9695: 7616: 7614: 7612: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5927: 2658: 1503: 900: 752:(N), and any metastases (M). T scores are determine by the size and extent of the tumor. Tumors less than 2 10181: 10147: 10130: 9777: 9357:"Contribution of clinical breast exam to cancer detection in women participating in a modern screening program" 9138:

Fornage BD, Hwang RF (August 2014). "Current status of imaging-guided percutaneous ablation of breast cancer".

8266: 7747: 5516:

Aceves C, Anguiano B, Delgado G (April 2005). "Is iodine a gatekeeper of the integrity of the mammary gland?".

5420:"Dietary fat reduction and breast cancer outcome: results from the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS)" 2008: 1407: 441:

Some less common forms of breast cancer cause distinctive symptoms. Up to 5% of people with breast cancer have

136:, having children late in life or not at all, older age, prior breast cancer, family history of breast cancer, 8270: 7609: 5946: 3875: 3569: 2181:, who had undergone a Halsted radical mastectomy in 1960 to treat her malign breast cancer. The US oncologist 867:). Those with large or multiple tumors, high genetic risk of subsequent cancers, or who are unable to receive 602:. Around 10–20% of breast biopsies are positive for cancer. Most biopsied breast masses are instead caused by 10022: 6924:"Fiber consumption and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies" 5339:"Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to diabetes and high body-mass index: a comparative risk assessment" 3975: 3973: 2120: 1902: 1862:. The average waiting time for undergoing the procedure is two years, which is much longer than recommended. 1314: 17: 7433:"Medication Use to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement" 6020: 42: 9772: 9730: 8211: 5117:

Gaffield ME, Culwell KR, Ravi A (October 2009). "Oral contraceptives and family history of breast cancer".

4215: 4213: 4211: 3193: 2210: 1944: 1284: 1045:) slightly improves survival, but has more severe side effects. Side effects of estrogen depletion include 653: 539:

dense breasts (called "extremely dense"). Women with particularly dense breasts can instead be screened by

496:, nausea, vomiting, and disruptions to the affected person's speech, vision, memory, and regular behavior. 3970: 3779: 10205: 9980: 9714: 6873:"American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline" 3522: 2348: 2214: 2128:

Breast cancer was uncommon until the 19th century, when improvements in sanitation and control of deadly

1590: 1348: 1205: 948: 765: 362: 272: 172: 121: 9297:

Hayes DF, Lippman ME (2022). "79: Breast Cancer". In Loscalzo J, Fauci A, Kasper D, et al. (eds.).

4208: 3863: 3796: 3794: 10040: 9972: 9957: 9909: 9829: 9051:

Sabel MS (July 2014). "Nonsurgical ablation of breast cancer: future options for small breast tumors".

4075: 3997: 3270: 2336: 2323:

Wearing or displaying a pink ribbon has been criticized by the opponents of this practice as a kind of

2248:) during the 1930s and 1940s was one of the first organized campaigns. In 1952, the first peer-to-peer 1594: 880: 684: 603: 544: 442: 6871:

Runowicz CD, Leach CR, Henry NL, Henry KS, Mackey HT, Cowens-Alvarado RL, et al. (January 2016).

6561:"Polyamines stimulate the formation of mutagenic 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts from acetaldehyde" 5017:

Kanadys W, Barańska A, Malm M, Błaszczuk A, Polz-Dacewicz M, Janiszewska M, et al. (April 2021).

4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 1923:

of breast cancer is rising by around 3% per year, as populations in many countries are getting older.

9904: 9839: 9782: 9676: 4403: 3791: 3400: 2688: 2541:, is also being studied as a way to reduce the risk of breast cancer. In particular, combinations of 2037: 1717:

have been associated with various cancers of the female reproductive system including breast cancer.

1403: 700: 370: 303: 38: 7999: 5204:

Shield KD, Soerjomataram I, Rehm J (June 2016). "Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer: A Critical Review".

3671: 3669: 3667: 3652: 883:, where a device focuses radiation beams onto the targeted parts of the body. Instead, some undergo 9924: 9864: 9821: 9811: 9599: 9231:

Britt KL, Cuzick J, Phillips KA (August 2020). "Key steps for effective breast cancer prevention".

7271:

Marcinkute R, Woodward ER, Gandhi A, Howell S, Crosbie EJ, Wissely J, et al. (February 2022).

7159: 7157: 7155: 4811: 3946: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3584: 3547: 1920: 1562: 1499: 964: 834: 696: 311: 241: 8542: 8540: 3698: 3696: 3412: 3410: 2816: 2036:, who in the 17th century proclaimed "the sole remedy is a timely operation." The eminent surgeon 2023:, as he recognized that this reduced recurrence. Petit's work built on the methods of the surgeon 349:

may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it.

10007: 9804: 9799: 9480:

Rahman WT, Helvie MA (September 2022). "Breast cancer screening in average and high-risk women".

9173:

Duffy MJ (July 2001). "Biochemical markers in breast cancer: which ones are clinically useful?".

7855:

Kaartinen M (2013). "Chapter 2: "But Sad Resources": Treating Cancer in the Eighteenth Century".

7577: 5391: 4778: 4475: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3985: 3742: 3664: 2553: 2303: 2245: 2226: 2206: 2139: 1819: 1297: 1142: 623: 571: 505: 389: 326: 188: 7152: 5800:

Marinac CR, Nelson SH, Breen CI, Hartman SJ, Natarajan L, Pierce JP, et al. (August 2016).

4633: 3821: 2097:

claimed that neural fluid generated breast cancer. Other surgeons proposed that milk within the

1968:

The oldest discovered evidence of breast cancer is from Egypt and dates back 4200 years, to the

997:

After their chemotherapy course, those whose tumors are ER-positive or PR-positive benefit from

10200: 8537: 7431:

Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, et al. (September 2019).

7272: 5481:

Kaiser J (November 2013). "Cancer. Cholesterol forges link between obesity and breast cancer".

3693: 3407: 2596: 2256: 2202: 1390: 1288:

anxiety, fitness and physical activity in women with breast cancer following adjuvant therapy.

1150: 760:(called "level I" and "level II" axillary lymph nodes, in the armpit). N2 is for spread to the 599: 9639: 8061: 6461:

Patel KJ, Yu VP, Lee H, Corcoran A, Thistlethwaite FC, Evans MJ, et al. (February 1998).

6167:

Levin ER, Pietras RJ (April 2008). "Estrogen receptors outside the nucleus in breast cancer".

4133: 4131: 4129: 4009: 3811: 3809: 3727: 2993: 9962: 9886: 8704:

Roth JA, Swisher SG, Meyn RE (October 1999). "p53 tumor suppressor gene therapy for cancer".

8469: 8020: 8014: 7806: 7800: 7472:

Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, Costantino JP, Cummings S, DeCensi A, et al. (May 2013).

7382:

Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, Costantino JP, Cummings S, DeCensi A, et al. (May 2013).

6222: 4327: 3764: 2905:

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. (May 2021).

2513: 2151:

mastectomy, 20-year survival rates were only 10%; Halsted's surgery raised that rate to 50%.

2094: 1847: 1146: 972: 888: 726: 378: 350: 7359: 7342: 6741:

Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, Mumford JE, Afshin A, Estep K, et al. (August 2016).

6009: 4143: 3958: 3681: 2316:". While many US corporations donated to existing breast cancer initiatives, others such as 421: 8953:

Gallagher M, Jones DJ, Bell-Syer SV, et al. (Cochrane Wounds Group) (September 2019).

7232:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 7 December 2021. 6515: 6382: 5068:

Chelmow D, Pearlman MD, Young A, Bozzuto L, Dayaratna S, Jeudy M, et al. (June 2020).

4126: 3806: 3596: 3140:"Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement" 2694: 2468: 2435: 2405:

and precancers, even while overlooking serious cancers. According to the cancer researcher

2375: 2344: 2143: 2060:

was diagnosed with breast cancer, the initial treatment involved compresses saturated with

2020: 1859: 1768: 1030: 718: 315: 137: 8527: 8525: 8523: 5298:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 5 October 2023. 2186:

challenging the widespread use of the Halsted radical mastectomy. In 1973 Crile published

531:. Radiologists generally report mammogram results on a standardized scale – the six-point 8: 9558: 8955:"Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery" 7633:Łukasiewicz S, Czeczelewski M, Forma A, Baj J, Sitarz R, Stanisławek A (25 August 2021). 4364: 2401: 2308: 2134: 1981: 1962: 1882: 1764: 1604: 1472: 976: 872: 757: 268: 253: 233: 6519: 6386: 5971: 5130: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 2064:

juice. When the lumps increased the King's physician commenced a treatment with arsenic

10113: 9967: 9582: 9505: 9468: 9426: 9401: 9383: 9356: 9343: 9285: 9120: 9036: 8979: 8954: 8935: 8827: 8802: 8759: 8732: 8635: 8587: 8560: 8520: 8497: 8445: 8171: 7669: 7634: 7547: 7522: 7498: 7473: 7408: 7383: 7308: 7241: 7202: 7177: 7136: 7111: 7046: 7021: 6997: 6972: 6953: 6815: 6767: 6742: 6718: 6693: 6634: 6609: 6585: 6560: 6536: 6503: 6403: 6370: 6300: 6192: 6144: 6119: 6059: 5998: 5875: 5826: 5801: 5777: 5752: 5728: 5703: 5681: 5632: 5607: 5588: 5541: 5363: 5338: 5307: 5268: 5243: 5178: 5153: 5094: 5069: 5045: 5018: 4999: 4946: 4929: 4905: 4609: 4584: 4560: 4527: 4500: 4448: 4423: 3350: 3092: 3067: 3048: 2944: 2370: 2162: 2129: 1878: 1807:

Women can reduce their risk of breast cancer by maintaining a healthy weight, reducing

1794: 1425: 1417: 1364: 1277: 1236:

Breasts after double mastectomy followed by nipple-sparing reconstruction with implants

745: 695:, is often considered "precancerous" rather than a dangerous cancer itself. Those with 664: 595: 528: 394: 280: 129: 101: 9571: 9331: 9186: 8681: 8654: 7489: 7399: 6479: 6462: 6346: 6319: 5986: 5623: 5354: 4987: 4766: 4155: 1498:

and routine late-night eating. A number of chemicals have also been linked, including

9610: 9509: 9497: 9472: 9460: 9431: 9388: 9347: 9335: 9318:

Loibl S, Poortmans P, Morrow M, Denkert C, Curigliano G (May 2021). "Breast cancer".

9304: 9289: 9277: 9248: 9217: 9190: 9155: 9112: 9068: 9023: 9004:"Apoptosis inducing effect of andrographolide on TD-47 human breast cancer cell line" 8984: 8927: 8832: 8764: 8713: 8686: 8655:"Gene therapy for carcinoma of the breast: Therapeutic genetic correction strategies" 8627: 8592: 8501: 8489: 8450: 8430: 8390: 8366: 8314: 8241: 8188: 8178: 8132: 8107: 8067: 8024: 7988: 7945: 7920: 7890: 7860: 7835: 7810: 7716: 7674: 7656: 7552: 7503: 7454: 7413: 7364: 7312: 7300: 7245: 7226:"Earlier decisions on breast and ovarian surgery reduce cancer in women at high risk" 7207: 7141: 7092: 7051: 7002: 6957: 6945: 6904: 6841: 6807: 6772: 6723: 6639: 6590: 6541: 6484: 6443: 6408: 6351: 6292: 6257: 6184: 6149: 6100: 6063: 6051: 5990: 5916: 5867: 5831: 5782: 5733: 5673: 5637: 5580: 5533: 5498: 5441: 5368: 5311: 5273: 5221: 5183: 5134: 5099: 5050: 4991: 4951: 4910: 4892: 4679: 4661: 4653: 4614: 4565: 4547: 4505: 4453: 4309: 4282: 4270: 4225: 4167: 3342: 3299: 3161: 3120: 3097: 3052: 3040: 2999: 2948: 2936: 2928: 2833: 2788: 2604: 2365: 2320:

established their own breast cancer foundations on the back of pink ribbon products.

2260: 2241: 2166: 2147: 1997: 1714: 1600: 1360: 1172:

Certain therapies are targeted at those whose tumors have particular gene mutations:

998: 722: 692: 676: 668: 566: 410: 354: 307: 164: 144: 89: 9709: 9567: 9563: 9124: 8880: 8639: 6819: 6304: 6196: 6002: 5879: 5545: 5003: 3354: 2527:

The latest research is reported annually at scientific meetings such as that of the

1454:

Dietary iodine deficiency may also play a role in the development of breast cancer.

1345:

have reduced levels of estrogens, and therefore greatly reduced breast cancer risk.

9650: 9489: 9452: 9421: 9413: 9378: 9368: 9327: 9269: 9240: 9182: 9147: 9102: 9060: 9031: 9015: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8939: 8919: 8822: 8814: 8801:

Goldhirsch A, Ingle JN, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Thürlimann B, Senn HJ (August 2009).

8781: 8754: 8744: 8676: 8666: 8619: 8582: 8572: 8481: 8440: 8422: 7978: 7664: 7646: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7493: 7485: 7444: 7403: 7395: 7354: 7292: 7233: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7131: 7123: 7082: 7041: 7033: 6992: 6984: 6935: 6894: 6884: 6799: 6762: 6754: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6629: 6621: 6580: 6572: 6531: 6523: 6474: 6435: 6398: 6390: 6341: 6331: 6284: 6249: 6176: 6139: 6131: 6090: 6043: 5982: 5906: 5859: 5821: 5813: 5772: 5764: 5723: 5715: 5685: 5665: 5627: 5619: 5572: 5525: 5490: 5431: 5358: 5350: 5299: 5263: 5255: 5213: 5173: 5165: 5126: 5089: 5081: 5040: 5030: 4983: 4941: 4900: 4884: 4846: 4645: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4555: 4539: 4495: 4487: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4278: 4262: 4116: 4114: 4112: 3332: 3151: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3032: 2962: 2918: 2608: 2505: 2406: 2312:

noted that "the strong emotions provoked by breast cancer translate to a company's

2170: 2049:

and traditional remedies that were supposed to lower acidity, such as the alkaline

2028: 2024: 2016: 1954: 1636: 1615: 1552: 1507: 1476: 1448: 1379: 1269: 1098:; infusion every three months reduces the chance of bone pain, fractures, and bone 904: 707: 472:. Liver metastases can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and skin problems – 366: 176: 9659: 9493: 8923: 8881:"Fenretinide (4-HPR): A Preventive Chance for Women at Genetic and Familial Risk?" 8343: 7296: 6120:"Oestrogen receptors in breast cancer: basic mechanisms and clinical implications" 5592: 5494: 5337:

Pearson-Stuttard J, Zhou B, Kontis V, Bentham J, Gunter MJ, Ezzati M (June 2018).

2867:"Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed 2007–2011 and Followed up to 2012" 1632: 302:

that supply these ducts with milk. Cancers developing from the ducts are known as

10066: 9941: 9928: 9876: 9604: 8788: 8421:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1152. pp. 31–49. 8044: 6527: 6095: 6078: 5085: 4543: 3319:

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A (November 2018).

3188: 3184: 2866: 2385: 2380: 2057: 2004: 1916: 1907: 1874: 1729: 1572: 1457: 1440: 680: 565:

Regular screening mammography reduces breast cancer deaths by at least 20%. Most

406: 330: 9670: 9656: 8426: 6288: 6253: 6033: 5817: 5467: 4266: 4109: 2379:, lamenting that in breast cancer culture, breast cancer therapy is viewed as a 1412: 1283:

In women with non-metastatic breast cancer, psychological interventions such as

514:

Cartoon of a mammogram, with the breast to be imaged pressed between two plates.

10054: 9987: 9896: 9856: 9653: 9373: 9107: 9090: 8485: 6988: 6439: 5303: 5070:"Executive Summary of the Early-Onset Breast Cancer Evidence Review Conference" 4528:"Prevalence, mechanisms, and management of cancer-related cognitive impairment" 3036: 2813:

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

2509: 2493: 2427: 2332: 2154: 2117:

advocated removal of the entire breast, even when only a portion was affected.

1973: 1643: 1627: 1538: 1368: 1265: 1185: 1130: 1095: 920: 892: 607: 385: 294:

among others. Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of

9615: 9456: 9273: 9244: 9064: 9019: 8623: 8104:

Beyond Slash, Burn, and Poison: Transforming Breast Cancer Stories Into Action

7523:"Risk-reducing medications for primary breast cancer: a network meta-analysis" 7022:"Citrus fruit intake and breast cancer risk: a quantitative systematic review" 6625: 6180: 5719: 5529: 5259: 5154:"Light Alcohol Drinking and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies" 4649: 4254: 2327:, because it has no practical positive effect. It has also been criticized as 554: 510: 10194: 9792: 9027: 8192: 7660: 7273:"Uptake and efficacy of bilateral risk reducing surgery in unaffected female 7037: 6845: 6135: 6047: 5436: 5419: 4896: 4657: 4551: 4313: 4274: 2932: 2670: 2600: 2521: 2317: 2299: 2249: 2178: 2114: 2098: 2046: 2033: 1985: 1984:

describes eight cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast that were treated by

1969: 1827: 1812: 1721: 1688: 1657: 1611: 1527: 1217: 1114: 1099: 908: 884: 660: 591: 548: 469: 393:

in developed countries, and is more than 100 times more common in women than

319: 288: 149: 9548: 8818: 8731:

Yu LY, Tang J, Zhang CM, Zeng WJ, Yan H, Li MP, et al. (January 2017).

7651: 7449: 7432: 6394: 5911: 5894: 5768: 5702:

Zhang YB, Pan XF, Chen J, Cao A, Zhang YG, Xia L, et al. (March 2020).

5606:

Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT (July 2012).

4872: 4491: 2146:

in 1882, helped greatly by advances in general surgical technology, such as

622:

High-grade invasive ductal carcinoma, with minimal tubule formation, marked

9936: 9501: 9464: 9435: 9392: 9339: 9281: 9252: 9194: 9159: 9116: 9072: 8988: 8931: 8836: 8768: 8749: 8717: 8690: 8631: 8596: 8493: 8454: 8238:

The Biopolitics of Breast Cancer: Changing Cultures of Disease and Activism

7992: 7983: 7966: 7678: 7556: 7507: 7458: 7417: 7368: 7304: 7211: 7145: 7127: 7096: 7055: 7006: 6949: 6908: 6811: 6776: 6727: 6692:

Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Rosner B, Holmes MD, Willett WC (October 2010).

6643: 6594: 6545: 6447: 6412: 6355: 6296: 6261: 6188: 6153: 6104: 6055: 5994: 5920: 5871: 5835: 5786: 5737: 5677: 5641: 5584: 5576: 5537: 5502: 5445: 5372: 5277: 5225: 5187: 5138: 5103: 5054: 5035: 4995: 4914: 4665: 4618: 4569: 4509: 4457: 4286: 3708: 3346: 3165: 3124: 3101: 3044: 2940: 2565: 2517: 2472: 2460: 2340: 2182: 2158: 2101:

led to cancerous growths. Theories about trauma to the breast as cause for

2081: 1725: 1661: 1603:

might also increase the risk of breast cancer. Autoimmune diseases such as

1484: 1356: 1232: 1209: 1177: 1154: 1006: 932: 928: 924: 868: 711: 446: 358: 168: 6899: 6488: 4955: 240:, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with 10012: 9634: 9417: 9151: 9001: 8577: 6834:"New study finds 'strong evidence' that exercise cuts breast cancer risk" 6576: 5169: 4474:

Lange M, Joly F, Vardy J, Ahles T, Dubois M, Tron L, et al. (2019).

4424:"Psychological interventions for women with non-metastatic breast cancer" 2534: 2484: 2324: 2313: 2295: 2289: 2281: 2106: 1890: 1808: 1701: 1651:. Mutations leading to loss of this ability can lead to cancer formation. 1567: 1511: 1383: 1337:

higher maternal age at first birth, and disappears completely by age 35.

1193: 1126: 1118: 1110: 1079: 1075: 1034: 1026: 987: 956: 912: 736:

After the tumor is evaluated, the breast cancer case is staged using the

594:

is then taken of the suspected tumor. Breast biopsy is typically done by

524: 435: 430: 398: 310:. There are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer. Some, such as 257: 225: 153: 111: 7237: 6694:"Physical activity and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women" 4850: 9834: 9665: 9008:

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines

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countries, while 1 in 48 die of the disease in lower income countries.

1886: 1555:

genes can also increase one's risk of developing breast cancer, namely

1495: 1386:

nor abortions are associated with a heightened risk for breast cancer.

1338: 1253: 1221: 1134: 1122: 1106: 1087: 1071: 1057: 1053: 1042: 1022: 991: 944: 916: 864: 860: 852: 753: 749: 582: 558: 540: 481: 374: 346: 334: 295: 249: 9531: 8173:

Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women's Health

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Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al., eds. (2017). "48: Breast".

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seem also to increase the risk for the acquisition of breast cancer.

1491: 1352: 1333: 1261: 1173: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1091: 1083: 1046: 1038: 1018: 1010: 952: 940: 772: 465: 342: 276: 245: 183: 125: 8403: 2998:(1. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. Chapter 13. 10049: 8262: 6336: 2588: 2548:

A 2019 review found moderate certainty evidence that giving people

2538: 2069: 2065: 1961:(die from the inside, causing the tumor to appear to break up) and 1958: 1928: 1464:

A lack of physical activity has been linked to about 10% of cases.

1436: 1329: 1325: 1249: 1241: 1189: 1002: 960: 606:, a term that encompasses benign pockets of fluid, cell growth, or 489: 477: 284: 229: 133: 94: 8671: 8311:

Pink ribbons, inc.: breast cancer and the politics of philanthropy

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Theruvathu JA, Jaruga P, Nath RG, Dizdaroglu M, Brooks PJ (2005).

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Wang XS, Armstrong ME, Cairns BJ, Key TJ, Travis RC (March 2011).

4839:"HRT and breast cancer risk: varies with type and duration of HRT" 2361:

Pink Ribbons, Inc.: Breast Cancer and the Politics of Philanthropy

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that hormone receptor-positive breast cancers require to survive.

405:, breast cancer is 5 times more common in cisgender women than in 384:

Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, the

9355:

Menes TS, Coster D, Coster D, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S (October 2021).

9354: 8737:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

3748: 2632: 2628: 2584: 2545:

plus endocrine therapy have been the subject of clinical trials.

2488: 2077: 2050: 2041:

stages of breast cancer. Patients were treated with a mixture of

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Lahart IM, Metsios GS, Nevill AM, Carmichael AR (January 2018).

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F-18 FDG PET/CT: A breast cancer metastasis to the right scapula

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Part of the current knowledge on breast carcinomas is based on

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showing a normal breast (left) and a breast with cancer (right)

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4422:

Jassim GA, Doherty S, Whitford DL, Khashan AS (January 2023).

2347:

launched the "Think Before You Pink" campaign in 2002 against

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or transferring excess tissue from another part of the body.

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Cultural differences in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

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Removal of the breasts before breast cancer develops (called

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in the armpit. In the early 18th century the French surgeon

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In addition to grading, tumor biopsy samples are tested by

473: 8046:

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What Women Should Know About the Breast Cancer Controversy

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Abstracts, newsletters, and other reports of the meeting.

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changes in breast tissue were advanced. The discovery of

1835: 1752: 1736: 1684: 1557: 979:– to shrink tumors, making them easier to safely remove. 687:(1%; resembling "medullary" or middle-layer tissue), and 667:– or mixed ductal/lobular carcinoma. Rarer types include 8468:

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is a symbol to show support for breast cancer awareness.

2217:

significantly increased the incidence of breast cancer.

2019:

performed total mastectomies that included removing the

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in up to 1% of those treated. Anthrocyclines also cause

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Actions to prevent breast cancer include not drinking

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Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in

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and lobules are the main locations of breast cancers.

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does not appear to affect the risk of breast cancer.

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For those whose tumors are HER2-positive, adding the

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Signs of breast cancer may include a 9479: 9296: 9137: 8546: 8531: 8419:Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance 8283: 8101: 7823: 7620: 7163: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6166: 5959: 5552: 5151: 5061: 4805: 4772: 4409: 4370: 4358: 4333: 4240: 4180: 4161: 4149: 4137: 4120: 4081: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4038: 4026: 3843: 3841: 3832: 3815: 3800: 3714: 3702: 3416: 2861: 2859: 2734: 2732: 2730: 1137:, can further slow the tumors' progression. 9084: 9082: 8959:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8565:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 8327: 8145: 7734: 7732: 7685: 7527:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 7331: 7182:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6368: 6117: 5692: 4721: 4719: 4589:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4428:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4391:. 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USA: Oxford University Press. 8037: 7998: 7958: 7933: 7917:A short history of breast cancer 7848: 7762: 7514: 7465: 7424: 7375: 7264: 7218: 7166:, "Prevention of Breast Cancer". 7103: 7013: 6964: 6915: 6864: 6826: 6685: 6601: 6552: 6495: 6454: 6362: 6268: 6203: 6160: 6111: 5965: 5886: 5842: 5793: 5744: 5599: 5509: 5474: 5452: 5411: 5379: 4095:"Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer" 3705:, "Screening for Breast Cancer". 3419:, "Evaluation of Breast Masses". 3381:from the original on 4 July 2014 3237:from the original on 5 July 2014 3227:"Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)" 2844:from the original on 3 July 2014 2750:from the original on 5 July 2014 2740:"Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)" 2664: 2579:List of breast cancer cell lines 2209:and the 2002 conclusions of the 1798:Some risk factors can be changed 1504:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1216:. And the similar immunotherapy 967:in around 1% of people treated. 816: 804: 792: 780: 635: 615: 425:Common symptoms of breast cancer 403:gender-affirming hormone therapy 351:Surgical removal of both breasts 84:An illustration of breast cancer 9963:Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) 9882:Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) 9865:Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) 8549:, "Breast Cancer in Pregnancy". 8385:Olopade OI, Falkson CI (2010). 8360:Aschwanden C (17 August 2009). 8284:Mulholland A (9 October 2010). 7776:. 25 March 2002. Archived from 7746:. 24 March 2015. Archived from 6614:Current Opinion in Cell Biology 6369:Wiseman BS, Werb Z (May 2002). 5330: 5235: 5110: 5010: 4966: 4864: 4830: 4727:"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer" 4694: 4672: 4625: 4576: 4415: 4293: 4246: 4087: 4029:, "Local (Primary) Treatments". 3912: 3720: 3630: 3608: 3562: 3479:"Paget's disease of the breast" 3449: 3393: 3361: 3108: 2659:urokinase plasminogen activator 2559: 2213:trial conclusively proved that 1996:. Alternatively it was seen as 1927:in wealthier countries tend to 1896: 1308: 1212:for those whose tumors express 842: 445:, where cancer cells block the 9205: 8971:10.1002/14651858.CD005360.pub5 8334:Ehrenreich B (November 2001). 8267:Center for Media and Democracy 7539:10.1002/14651858.cd012191.pub2 7194:10.1002/14651858.cd002748.pub4 7020:Song JK, Bae JM (March 2013). 6710:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.363 6219:Sunday Morning Year-End Review 5466:. 12 July 2006. Archived from 4837:Beeston A (20 December 2021). 4601:10.1002/14651858.cd011292.pub2 4440:10.1002/14651858.CD008729.pub3 4336:, "Diagnostic Considerations". 3369:"Male Breast Cancer Treatment" 3084:10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5 3016: 2985: 2955: 2874:Office for National Statistics 2373:published an opinion piece in 2271: 1865: 1838:-based foods may reduce risk. 1802: 1510:. Although the radiation from 1408:Risk factors for breast cancer 1001:, which reduces the levels of 679:(1.5%; full of small tubes of 523:imaging of the breast, called 409:, and 46 times more common in 13: 1: 10211:Human female endocrine system 10023:Epidemiology of breast cancer 9870:Paget's disease of the breast 9494:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.11.007 9332:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32381-3 9216:(8 ed.). Springer Cham. 9187:10.1016/s0009-9120(00)00201-0 8924:10.1080/14737140.2018.1435275 8362:"The Trouble with Mammograms" 7490:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60140-3 7400:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60140-3 7297:10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107356 6698:Archives of Internal Medicine 6480:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80035-0 5987:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06524-2 5624:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9 5495:10.1126/science.342.6162.1028 5355:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30150-5 5248:Current Breast Cancer Reports 5158:Cancer Research and Treatment 4988:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15835-2 4827:, "Non-Genetic Risk Factors". 4152:, "Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy". 4061:"Radiation for Breast Cancer" 3955:, "Rules for Classification". 2992:Saunders C, Jassal S (2009). 2815:. 24 May 2007. Archived from 2700: 2569:breast cancer of small size. 2554:surgical site infection (SSI) 2364:dominance as the pre-eminent 2155:Breast cancer staging systems 1903:Epidemiology of breast cancer 1789: 1660:stage, high proliferation of 1315:Risk factors of breast cancer 1153:. The HER2-targeted antibody 949:platinum-based chemotherapies 828: 451:Paget's disease of the breast 369:. Types of surgery vary from 242:distant spread of the disease 191:is approximately 85% (US, UK) 120:, lack of exercise, alcohol, 9715:Resources in other libraries 9303:(21 ed.). McGraw Hill. 8106:. Rutgers University Press. 6528:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.03.011 6096:10.1016/j.breast.2010.12.005 5893:Hendrick RE (October 2010). 5086:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003889 4752:"Inflammatory Breast Cancer" 4544:10.3109/09540261.2013.864260 4140:, "Chemotherapy Toxicities". 3818:, "Invasive Breast Cancers". 3457:"Inflammatory Breast Cancer" 3194:American College of Surgeons 3127:. Report No.: 10-05142-EF-1. 2471:(who have two copies of the 1755:. The inherited mutation in 1397: 1291: 1285:cognitive behavioral therapy 1280:can improve sexual issues. 654:Breast cancer classification 577: 499: 388:, and the person's age. The 7: 9981:Atypical ductal hyperplasia 8427:10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_3 8261:Landeman A (11 June 2008). 7347:Annals of Internal Medicine 7285:Journal of Medical Genetics 6289:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.005 6254:10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.03.001 5818:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0164 5658:Annals of Internal Medicine 4267:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.2212 3994:, "Distant Metastasis (M)". 3920:"Breast Cancer HER2 Status" 3884:, "Theranostic Biomarkers". 3144:Annals of Internal Medicine 2682: 2499: 2395: 1591:atypical ductal hyperplasia 1517: 1490:Other risk factors include 1349:Hormone replacement therapy 1319: 1298:survive at least five years 1268:; pain can be treated with 1206:immune checkpoint inhibitor 766:supraclavicular lymph nodes 273:hormone replacement therapy 122:hormone replacement therapy 10: 10227: 9973:Inflammatory breast cancer 9958:Medullary breast carcinoma 9830:Breast cancer chemotherapy 9374:10.1186/s12905-021-01507-x 9214:AJCC Cancer Staging Manual 9108:10.1053/j.tvir.2013.12.008 8486:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.013 7965:Macintyre IM (June 2011). 6989:10.1038/s41416-021-01373-2 6440:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.005 6428:European Journal of Cancer 5304:10.3310/nihrevidence_60242 4373:, "Bone-Modifying Agents". 3659:Nielsen & Narayan 2023 3591:Nielsen & Narayan 2023 3037:10.1007/s12032-022-01804-x 2576: 2446:affect these disparities. 2337:anti-pollution legislation 2300:poppies on Remembrance Day 2287: 2224: 1939: 1900: 1668:Breast cancer, like other 1625: 1595:fibrocystic breast changes 1401: 1312: 881:external beam radiotherapy 832: 651: 604:fibrocystic breast changes 545:magnetic resonance imaging 503: 443:inflammatory breast cancer 10000: 9950: 9923: 9895: 9855: 9848: 9840:Breast-conserving surgery 9820: 9760: 9710:Resources in your library 9625: 9525: 9457:10.1016/j.suc.2022.08.004 9274:10.1038/s41572-019-0111-2 9245:10.1038/s41568-020-0266-x 9065:10.1016/j.soc.2014.03.009 9020:10.4314/ajtcam.v4i3.31228 8624:10.1007/s12032-017-0899-0 7116:British Journal of Cancer 6977:British Journal of Cancer 6792:Internal Medicine Journal 6626:10.1016/j.ceb.2008.02.003 6181:10.1007/s10549-007-9618-4 5720:10.1038/s41416-020-0741-x 5708:British Journal of Cancer 5530:10.1007/s10911-005-5401-5 5260:10.1007/s12609-013-0114-z 5074:Obstetrics and Gynecology 4650:10.1080/02841860802415535 4300:Kolata G (25 July 2024). 2689:Metaplastic breast cancer 2343:women and their breasts. 2211:Women's Health Initiative 1957:: the tumor would become 1541:. Pathogenic variants in 1500:polychlorinated biphenyls 1404:Alcohol and breast cancer 851:Chest after right breast 701:Lobular carcinoma in situ 371:breast-conserving surgery 329:is controversial. A 2013 269:lack of physical exercise 203: 195: 182: 159: 143: 110: 100: 88: 83: 74: 69: 8547:Hayes & Lippman 2022 8532:Hayes & Lippman 2022 8102:Knopf-Newman MJ (2004). 7944:. Springer. p. 24. 7834:. 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Archived from 2809:"Klinefelter Syndrome" 2454: 2392:given to adult women. 2285: 2257:breast cancer movement 2125: 1949: 1912: 1799: 1652: 1640: 1421: 1391:hormonal birth control 1237: 1151:trastuzumab deruxtecan 855: 811:Stage T3 breast cancer 799:Stage T2 breast cancer 787:Stage T1 breast cancer 600:fine-needle aspiration 587: 562: 515: 426: 207:685,000 (global, 2020) 9887:Intraductal papilloma 9175:Clinical Biochemistry 8819:10.1093/annonc/mdp322 8013:Aronowitz RA (2007). 6124:ecancermedicalscience 5858:(12 Suppl): 2627–34. 5769:10.1093/occmed/kqr001 5757:Occupational Medicine 4492:10.1093/annonc/mdz410 4222:, "Systemic Therapy". 3872:, "Histologic Grade". 3849:"Breast Cancer Grade" 3260:"World Cancer Report" 2514:oncolytic virotherapy 2355:Breast cancer culture 2279: 2123: 1953:often developed into 1947: 1910: 1860:risk-reducing surgery 1858:genes choose to have 1848:preventive mastectomy 1797: 1677:programmed cell death 1649:programmed cell death 1646: 1635: 1415: 1235: 1147:trastuzumab emtansine 973:peripheral neuropathy 891:, either by adding a 850: 727:progesterone receptor 585: 557: 513: 424: 379:Breast reconstruction 9418:10.1259/bjr.20190177 9326:(10286): 1750–1769. 9152:10.2214/AJR.13.11600 8578:10.3390/ijms17091543 8346:on 20 November 2010. 7915:de Moulin D (2013). 6077:Böhm I (June 2011). 5170:10.4143/crt.2017.094 2819:on 27 November 2012. 2695:Vasculogenic mimicry 2469:Klinefelter syndrome 2436:socioeconomic status 2345:Breast Cancer Action 2207:Nurses' Health Study 2144:radical mastectomies 2021:axillary lymph nodes 1883:Aromatase inhibitors 1769:double-strand breaks 1589:Breast changes like 1563:Li–Fraumeni syndrome 1031:aromatase inhibitors 758:axillary lymph nodes 719:immunohistochemistry 586:Needle breast biopsy 316:pre-invasive lesions 138:Klinefelter syndrome 9262:Nat Rev Dis Primers 8787:16 May 2010 at the 8236:Klawiter M (2008). 7940:Boddice RG (2014). 7604:Harbeck et al. 2019 7238:10.3310/alert_48318 6520:2009MRFMM.664...77M 6387:2002Sci...296.1046W 4851:10.3310/alert_48575 4785:Harbeck et al. 2019 4220:Harbeck et al. 2019 3941:Harbeck et al. 2019 3882:Harbeck et al. 2019 3870:Harbeck et al. 2019 3786:Harbeck et al. 2019 3676:Harbeck et al. 2019 3503:Harbeck et al. 2019 2876:. 29 October 2013. 2450:Special populations 2402:Christie Aschwanden 2309:Wall Street Journal 2221:Society and culture 2142:started performing 2135:Scientific American 2130:infectious diseases 1982:Edwin Smith Papyrus 1605:lupus erythematosus 1473:alcoholic beverages 1426:alcoholic beverages 1418:alcoholic beverages 1278:personal lubricants 986:-targeted antibody 977:neoadjuvant therapy 873:sentinel lymph node 689:papillary carcinoma 685:medullary carcinoma 529:microcalcifications 254:shortness of breath 220:that develops from 29:Page version status 10206:Hereditary cancers 9977:Precursor lesions 9968:Male breast cancer 9626:External resources 9445:Surg Clin North Am 9412:(1103): 20190177. 9361:BMC Women's Health 8807:Annals of Oncology 8127:Lacroix M (2011). 8060:Morabia A (2004). 6941:10.1002/cncr.32816 6890:10.3322/caac.21319 6577:10.1093/nar/gki661 6228:on 13 August 2013. 5864:10.1002/cncr.22656 5218:10.1111/acer.13071 4480:Annals of Oncology 4306:The New York Times 3338:10.3322/caac.21492 3196:. September 2013. 2924:10.3322/caac.21660 2371:Barbara Ehrenreich 2286: 2261:feminist movements 2163:Janet Lane-Claypon 2126: 1950: 1929:begin menstruating 1913: 1879:endometrial cancer 1842:Preventive surgery 1800: 1715:estrogen receptors 1653: 1641: 1585:Medical conditions 1422: 1374:In the 1980s, the 1365:endometrial cancer 1330:begin menstruating 1238: 1065:Metastatic disease 856: 746:TNM staging system 669:mucinous carcinoma 596:core needle biopsy 588: 567:medical guidelines 563: 516: 427: 417:Signs and symptoms 308:lobular carcinomas 285:first menstruation 283:, an early age at 281:ionizing radiation 134:first menstruation 130:ionizing radiation 35: 10036: 10035: 9996: 9995: 9696:Library resources 9691: 9690: 9310:978-1-264-26850-4 9223:978-3-319-40617-6 8436:978-3-030-20300-9 8396:978-1-4020-3664-4 8367:Los Angeles Times 8340:Harper's Magazine 8247:978-0-8166-5107-8 8184:978-0-19-974045-1 8169:Sulik GA (2010). 8138:978-1-61122-305-7 8113:978-0-8135-3471-8 8073:978-3-7643-6818-0 8030:978-0-521-82249-7 7951:978-1-137-37243-7 7926:978-94-017-0601-8 7896:978-1-55009-272-1 7866:978-1-84893-364-4 7841:978-94-017-9165-6 7816:978-0-679-43459-7 7780:on 9 October 2006 7722:978-0-8018-6936-5 7711:Olson JS (2002). 7484:(9880): 1827–34. 7394:(9880): 1827–34. 7088:10.1136/bmj.f3706 6934:(13): 3061–3075. 6804:10.1111/imj.12256 6759:10.1136/bmj.i3857 6508:Mutation Research 5981:(9291): 1389–99. 5941:Loibl et al. 2021 5470:on 13 March 2007. 4982:(9414): 1007–16. 4889:10.1136/bmj.m3873 4486:(12): 1925–1940. 4123:, "Chemotherapy". 3749:Menes et al. 2021 3688:Loibl et al. 2021 3605:, "Introduction". 3305:978-92-832-0429-9 3005:978-0-19-955869-8 2794:978-92-832-0429-9 2644:Metabolic markers 2639:Molecular markers 2609:pleural effusions 2376:Harper's Magazine 2359:In her 2006 book 2242:raising awareness 2167:radiation therapy 2148:aseptic technique 1998:divine punishment 1955:fungating lesions 1614:or treatment for 1601:Diabetes mellitus 1361:colorectal cancer 1351:for treatment of 1115:CDK4/6 inhibitors 1017:-targeted drugs ( 999:endocrine therapy 869:radiation therapy 723:estrogen receptor 693:carcinoma in situ 677:tubular carcinoma 411:transgender women 386:extent of disease 355:radiation therapy 304:ductal carcinomas 211: 210: 165:radiation therapy 145:Diagnostic method 64:Medical condition 47:19 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 10218: 10186: 10178: 10177: 10176: 10169: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10152: 10144: 10143: 10142: 10135: 10127: 10126: 10125: 10118: 10110: 10109: 10108: 10101: 10093: 10092: 10091: 10081: 10065: 10064: 10063: 10053: 10052: 10044: 9925:Fibroepithelials 9853: 9852: 9805:Self-examination 9747: 9740: 9733: 9724: 9723: 9523: 9522: 9513: 9476: 9439: 9429: 9396: 9386: 9376: 9351: 9314: 9293: 9256: 9227: 9199: 9198: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9110: 9086: 9077: 9076: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8982: 8950: 8944: 8943: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8877: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8830: 8798: 8792: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8762: 8752: 8728: 8722: 8721: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8684: 8674: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8612:Medical Oncology 8607: 8601: 8600: 8590: 8580: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8535: 8529: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8448: 8414: 8401: 8400: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8357: 8348: 8347: 8342:. Archived from 8331: 8325: 8324: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8176: 8166: 8143: 8142: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8099: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7996: 7986: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7912: 7901: 7900: 7882: 7871: 7870: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7799:Yalom M (1997). 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7750:on 27 March 2015 7736: 7727: 7726: 7708: 7683: 7682: 7672: 7654: 7630: 7624: 7618: 7607: 7601: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7574: 7561: 7560: 7550: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7501: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7452: 7428: 7422: 7421: 7411: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7362: 7338: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7205: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7150: 7149: 7139: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7090: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7049: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7000: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6943: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6902: 6892: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6838:belfasttelegraph 6830: 6824: 6823: 6798:(11): 1198–204. 6787: 6781: 6780: 6770: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6721: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6659: 6648: 6647: 6637: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6588: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6539: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6482: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6406: 6381:(5570): 1046–9. 6366: 6360: 6359: 6349: 6339: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6221:. Archived from 6216: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6147: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6098: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6019:. Archived from 6013: 6007: 6006: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5944: 5938: 5925: 5924: 5914: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5829: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5780: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5731: 5714:(7): 1085–1093. 5699: 5690: 5689: 5670:10.7326/M14-1651 5652: 5646: 5645: 5635: 5618:(9838): 219–29. 5603: 5597: 5596: 5559: 5550: 5549: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5439: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5366: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5271: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5212:(6): 1166–1181. 5201: 5192: 5191: 5181: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5097: 5080:(6): 1457–1478. 5065: 5059: 5058: 5048: 5038: 5014: 5008: 5007: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4949: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4908: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4809: 4803: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4748: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4723: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4612: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4563: 4523: 4514: 4513: 4503: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4451: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4385: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4281: 11273285. 4250: 4244: 4238: 4223: 4217: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4124: 4118: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4057: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3894: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3845: 3836: 3830: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3798: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3761: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3544: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3519: 3506: 3500: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3431: 3420: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3340: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3275: 3264: 3256: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3233:. 26 June 2014. 3223: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3159: 3157:10.7326/M15-2886 3135: 3129: 3128: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3095: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3025:Medical Oncology 3020: 3014: 3013: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2969:. January 1980. 2959: 2953: 2952: 2926: 2902: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2882: 2871: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2830: 2821: 2820: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2781: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2736: 2506:targeted therapy 2407:H. Gilbert Welch 2386:cancer survivors 2171:George Crile Jr. 2025:Bernard Peyrilhe 2017:Jean Louis Petit 1730:epithelial cells 1616:Hodgkin lymphoma 1553:tumor suppressor 1508:organic solvents 1477:body composition 1449:high cholesterol 1380:induced abortion 1270:physical therapy 905:cyclophosphamide 820: 808: 796: 784: 681:epithelial cells 639: 626:, and prominent 619: 367:targeted therapy 363:hormonal therapy 177:targeted therapy 173:hormonal therapy 79: 67: 66: 21: 10226: 10225: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10179: 10174: 10172: 10168:from Wikisource 10162: 10157: 10155: 10145: 10140: 10138: 10128: 10123: 10121: 10111: 10106: 10104: 10100:from Wiktionary 10094: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10080:sister projects 10077:at Knowledge's 10071: 10061: 10059: 10047: 10039: 10037: 10032: 9992: 9946: 9942:Phyllodes tumor 9919: 9891: 9877:Comedocarcinoma 9844: 9816: 9756: 9751: 9721: 9720: 9719: 9704: 9703: 9699: 9692: 9687: 9686: 9621: 9620: 9534: 9520: 9311: 9224: 9208: 9203: 9202: 9171: 9167: 9136: 9132: 9087: 9080: 9049: 9045: 9000: 8996: 8965:(9): CD005360. 8951: 8947: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8879: 8878: 8874: 8864: 8862: 8849: 8848: 8844: 8799: 8795: 8789:Wayback Machine 8780: 8776: 8729: 8725: 8702: 8698: 8651: 8647: 8608: 8604: 8557: 8553: 8545: 8538: 8530: 8521: 8511: 8509: 8466: 8462: 8437: 8415: 8404: 8397: 8383: 8379: 8358: 8351: 8332: 8328: 8321: 8309:King S (2006). 8307: 8303: 8282: 8278: 8259: 8255: 8248: 8234: 8227: 8217: 8215: 8214:on 23 June 2013 8204: 8200: 8185: 8167: 8146: 8139: 8125: 8121: 8114: 8100: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8074: 8058: 8054: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8031: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7963: 7959: 7952: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7913: 7904: 7897: 7883: 7874: 7867: 7853: 7849: 7842: 7828: 7824: 7817: 7797: 7793: 7783: 7781: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7753: 7751: 7738: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7709: 7686: 7631: 7627: 7619: 7610: 7602: 7593: 7583: 7581: 7578:"Breast cancer" 7576: 7575: 7564: 7533:(4): CD012191. 7519: 7515: 7470: 7466: 7429: 7425: 7380: 7376: 7339: 7332: 7322: 7320: 7269: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7224: 7223: 7219: 7188:(4): CD002748. 7174: 7170: 7162: 7153: 7108: 7104: 7067: 7063: 7018: 7014: 6969: 6965: 6920: 6916: 6869: 6865: 6855: 6853: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6788: 6784: 6739: 6735: 6704:(19): 1758–64. 6690: 6686: 6676: 6674: 6661: 6660: 6651: 6606: 6602: 6571:(11): 3513–20. 6557: 6553: 6500: 6496: 6459: 6455: 6424: 6420: 6367: 6363: 6316: 6312: 6273: 6269: 6237: 6233: 6225: 6214: 6208: 6204: 6165: 6161: 6116: 6112: 6075: 6071: 6032: 6028: 6023:on 27 May 2010. 6015: 6014: 6010: 5970: 5966: 5958: 5947: 5939: 5928: 5891: 5887: 5847: 5843: 5798: 5794: 5749: 5745: 5700: 5693: 5653: 5649: 5604: 5600: 5565:Tobacco Control 5560: 5553: 5514: 5510: 5479: 5475: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5335: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5240: 5236: 5202: 5195: 5150: 5146: 5115: 5111: 5066: 5062: 5015: 5011: 4971: 4967: 4926: 4922: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4835: 4831: 4823: 4812: 4804: 4791: 4783: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4750: 4749: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4725: 4724: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4638:Acta Oncologica 4630: 4626: 4595:(1): CD011292. 4581: 4577: 4524: 4517: 4472: 4465: 4434:(1): CD008729. 4420: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4387: 4386: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4357: 4340: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4298: 4294: 4251: 4247: 4239: 4226: 4218: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4179: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4127: 4119: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3847: 3846: 3839: 3831: 3822: 3814: 3807: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3765:"Breast Biopsy" 3763: 3762: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3674: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3546: 3545: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3521: 3520: 3509: 3501: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3433: 3432: 3423: 3415: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3276:on 20 July 2011 3273: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3225: 3224: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3189:ABIM Foundation 3185:Choosing Wisely 3178: 3177: 3173: 3136: 3132: 3113: 3109: 3078:(6): CD001877. 3064: 3060: 3021: 3017: 3006: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2963:"Breast Cancer" 2961: 2960: 2956: 2903: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2783: 2782: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2746:. 23 May 2014. 2738: 2737: 2708: 2703: 2685: 2667: 2646: 2641: 2635:-based survey. 2581: 2575: 2562: 2510:cancer vaccines 2502: 2481: 2457: 2452: 2428:mortality rates 2424: 2398: 2381:rite of passage 2357: 2292: 2274: 2237: 2223: 2190:. When in 1974 2159:case-controlled 2058:Anne of Austria 2038:Richard Wiseman 2029:pectoral muscle 2005:Aetios of Amida 1942: 1917:invasive cancer 1905: 1899: 1875:thromboembolism 1868: 1844: 1805: 1792: 1630: 1624: 1622:Pathophysiology 1587: 1573:Cowden syndrome 1520: 1458:Smoking tobacco 1441:body mass index 1410: 1400: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1294: 1266:antidepressants 1230: 1228:Supportive care 1186:PARP inhibitors 1096:bisphosphonates 1067: 921:antimetabolites 845: 837: 831: 824: 821: 812: 809: 800: 797: 788: 785: 656: 650: 643: 640: 631: 620: 580: 508: 502: 419: 407:transgender men 401:individuals on 331:Cochrane review 314:, develop from 244:, there may be 152: 132:, early age at 65: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10224: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10188: 10187: 10185:from Wikibooks 10170: 10153: 10151:from Wikiquote 10136: 10119: 10102: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10057: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9997: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9990: 9988:Nipple adenoma 9985: 9984: 9983: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9944: 9939: 9933: 9931: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9901: 9899: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9873: 9872: 9861: 9859: 9850: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9826: 9824: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9814: 9809: 9808: 9807: 9797: 9796: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9775: 9773:Classification 9770: 9764: 9762: 9758: 9757: 9750: 9749: 9742: 9735: 9727: 9718: 9717: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9694: 9693: 9689: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9673: 9662: 9642: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9623: 9622: 9619: 9618: 9607: 9596: 9585: 9574: 9551: 9535: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9526:Classification 9519: 9518:External links 9516: 9515: 9514: 9477: 9440: 9397: 9352: 9315: 9309: 9294: 9257: 9239:(8): 417–436. 9233:Nat Rev Cancer 9228: 9222: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9165: 9130: 9078: 9059:(3): 593–608. 9043: 9014:(3): 345–351. 8994: 8945: 8918:(3): 201–213. 8902: 8872: 8842: 8813:(8): 1319–29. 8793: 8774: 8723: 8696: 8645: 8602: 8551: 8536: 8519: 8460: 8435: 8402: 8395: 8377: 8349: 8326: 8319: 8301: 8276: 8253: 8246: 8225: 8198: 8183: 8144: 8137: 8119: 8112: 8091: 8072: 8052: 8036: 8029: 8005: 7957: 7950: 7932: 7925: 7902: 7895: 7872: 7865: 7847: 7840: 7822: 7815: 7791: 7761: 7728: 7721: 7684: 7625: 7608: 7591: 7562: 7513: 7464: 7443:(9): 857–867. 7423: 7374: 7330: 7291:(2): 133–140. 7263: 7217: 7168: 7151: 7102: 7061: 7012: 6983:(2): 284–298. 6963: 6914: 6900:2027.42/136493 6863: 6825: 6782: 6733: 6684: 6667:www.cancer.org 6649: 6600: 6551: 6514:(1–2): 77–83. 6494: 6467:Molecular Cell 6453: 6418: 6361: 6337:10.1186/bcr615 6310: 6267: 6231: 6202: 6175:(3): 351–361. 6159: 6110: 6069: 6026: 6008: 5964: 5945: 5926: 5885: 5841: 5812:(8): 1049–55. 5792: 5743: 5691: 5647: 5598: 5551: 5508: 5489:(6162): 1028. 5473: 5451: 5430:(3): s878-81. 5410: 5378: 5329: 5283: 5254:(3): 208–221. 5234: 5193: 5164:(2): 474–487. 5144: 5125:(4): 372–380. 5109: 5060: 5009: 4965: 4940:(2): 497–512. 4920: 4863: 4829: 4810: 4789: 4787:, "Prognosis". 4777: 4765: 4740: 4715: 4693: 4671: 4624: 4575: 4538:(1): 102–113. 4515: 4463: 4414: 4402: 4375: 4363: 4338: 4326: 4292: 4245: 4224: 4207: 4185: 4166: 4154: 4142: 4125: 4108: 4086: 4074: 4043: 4031: 4008: 3996: 3984: 3969: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3911: 3886: 3874: 3862: 3837: 3820: 3805: 3790: 3778: 3753: 3741: 3719: 3707: 3692: 3690:, "Screening". 3680: 3678:, "Screening". 3663: 3651: 3629: 3607: 3595: 3583: 3561: 3536: 3507: 3492: 3470: 3448: 3421: 3406: 3392: 3360: 3331:(6): 394–424. 3311: 3304: 3287: 3248: 3211: 3171: 3130: 3107: 3058: 3015: 3004: 2984: 2954: 2917:(3): 209–249. 2894: 2855: 2822: 2800: 2793: 2761: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2666: 2663: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2574: 2571: 2561: 2558: 2501: 2498: 2494:breast feeding 2480: 2479:Pregnant women 2477: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2423: 2420: 2397: 2394: 2366:women's health 2356: 2353: 2333:patient rights 2288:Main article: 2273: 2270: 2222: 2219: 2084:. The lack of 1974:Qubbet el-Hawa 1941: 1938: 1901:Main article: 1898: 1895: 1867: 1864: 1843: 1840: 1804: 1801: 1791: 1788: 1765:DNA crosslinks 1628:Carcinogenesis 1623: 1620: 1586: 1583: 1539:ovarian cancer 1519: 1516: 1399: 1396: 1369:hysterectomies 1321: 1318: 1313:Main article: 1310: 1307: 1293: 1290: 1229: 1226: 1131:mTOR inhibitor 1066: 1063: 909:anthracyclines 901:DNA alkylating 893:breast implant 844: 841: 833:Main article: 830: 827: 826: 825: 822: 815: 813: 810: 803: 801: 798: 791: 789: 786: 779: 652:Main article: 649: 648:Classification 646: 645: 644: 641: 634: 632: 621: 614: 608:fibrous tissue 579: 576: 504:Main article: 501: 498: 418: 415: 234:milk rejection 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 186: 180: 179: 161: 157: 156: 147: 141: 140: 116:Being female, 114: 108: 107: 104: 98: 97: 92: 86: 85: 81: 80: 72: 71: 63: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10223: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10201:Breast cancer 10199: 10198: 10196: 10184: 10183: 10171: 10167: 10166: 10154: 10150: 10149: 10137: 10134:from Wikinews 10133: 10132: 10120: 10116: 10115: 10103: 10099: 10098: 10086: 10085: 10082: 10076: 10075:Breast cancer 10068: 10058: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10045: 10042: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10005: 10003: 9999: 9989: 9986: 9982: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9949: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9854: 9851: 9847: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9819: 9813: 9810: 9806: 9803: 9802: 9801: 9798: 9794: 9793:BRCA mutation 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9768:Breast cancer 9766: 9765: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9754:Breast cancer 9748: 9743: 9741: 9736: 9734: 9729: 9728: 9725: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9701:Breast cancer 9697: 9683: 9682:Breast cancer 9679: 9678: 9674: 9672: 9671:Breast cancer 9668: 9667: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9647: 9643: 9641: 9637: 9636: 9632: 9631: 9628: 9624: 9617: 9613: 9612: 9608: 9606: 9602: 9601: 9597: 9595: 9591: 9590: 9586: 9584: 9580: 9579: 9575: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9550: 9546: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9536: 9533: 9528: 9524: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9302: 9301: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9229: 9225: 9219: 9215: 9210: 9209: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9181:(5): 347–52. 9180: 9176: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9134: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9085: 9083: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9047: 9038: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9005: 8998: 8990: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8949: 8941: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8906: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8876: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8838: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8797: 8790: 8786: 8783: 8778: 8770: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8727: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8692: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8672:10.1186/bcr26 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8649: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8606: 8598: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8555: 8548: 8543: 8541: 8533: 8528: 8526: 8524: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8474:Public Health 8471: 8464: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8438: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8420: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8398: 8392: 8388: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8363: 8356: 8354: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8330: 8322: 8320:0-8166-4898-0 8316: 8312: 8305: 8297: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8280: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8257: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8230: 8213: 8209: 8202: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8175: 8174: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8140: 8134: 8130: 8123: 8115: 8109: 8105: 8098: 8096: 8079: 8075: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8056: 8048: 8047: 8040: 8032: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8017: 8009: 8001: 7994: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7977:(2): 174–81. 7976: 7972: 7968: 7961: 7953: 7947: 7943: 7936: 7928: 7922: 7918: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7898: 7892: 7888: 7887:Breast Cancer 7881: 7879: 7877: 7868: 7862: 7858: 7851: 7843: 7837: 7833: 7826: 7818: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7795: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7733: 7724: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7680: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7629: 7622: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7605: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7558: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7509: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7468: 7460: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7427: 7419: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7353:(8): 604–14. 7352: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7335: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7267: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7230:NIHR Evidence 7227: 7221: 7213: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7147: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7098: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7065: 7057: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7016: 7008: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6918: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6867: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6645: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6620:(2): 164–70. 6619: 6615: 6611: 6604: 6596: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6555: 6547: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6498: 6490: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6473:(3): 347–57. 6472: 6468: 6464: 6457: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6365: 6357: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6330:(4): 208–15. 6329: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6235: 6224: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6114: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6089:(3): 288–90. 6088: 6084: 6080: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6042:(5): 368–87. 6041: 6037: 6030: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5968: 5961: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5942: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5905:(1): 246–53. 5904: 5900: 5896: 5889: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5845: 5837: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5806:JAMA Oncology 5803: 5796: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5696: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5664:(2): 123–32. 5663: 5659: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5558: 5556: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5524:(2): 189–96. 5523: 5519: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5349:(6): e6–e15. 5348: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5296:NIHR Evidence 5293: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5198: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5119:Contraception 5113: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5013: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4867: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4843:NIHR Evidence 4840: 4833: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4807: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4786: 4781: 4774: 4769: 4753: 4747: 4745: 4728: 4722: 4720: 4703: 4697: 4681: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4628: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4522: 4520: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4470: 4468: 4459: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4406: 4390: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4372: 4367: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4335: 4330: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4259:JAMA Oncology 4256: 4249: 4242: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4195: 4189: 4182: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4163: 4158: 4151: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4122: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4096: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4040: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4005: 4000: 3993: 3988: 3981: 3976: 3974: 3966: 3961: 3954: 3949: 3942: 3937: 3921: 3915: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3850: 3844: 3842: 3834: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3787: 3782: 3766: 3760: 3758: 3751:, "Abstract". 3750: 3745: 3729: 3723: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3699: 3697: 3689: 3684: 3677: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3660: 3655: 3639: 3633: 3617: 3611: 3604: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3571: 3565: 3549: 3543: 3541: 3524: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3480: 3474: 3458: 3452: 3436: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3418: 3413: 3411: 3402: 3396: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3255: 3253: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3150:(4): 279–96. 3149: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2995:Breast cancer 2988: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2901: 2899: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2862: 2860: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2827: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2796: 2790: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2706: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2671:Mammary tumor 2669: 2668: 2665:Other animals 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2570: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2522:immunotherapy 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2432: 2429: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2408: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2291: 2283: 2278: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2250:support group 2247: 2243: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2179:Rachel Carson 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2115:Benjamin Bell 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2099:mammary ducts 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2056:When in 1664 2054: 2052: 2048: 2047:blood letting 2044: 2039: 2035: 2034:Nicolaes Tulp 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1986:cauterization 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1970:Sixth Dynasty 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1946: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1909: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1828:soluble fiber 1825: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1813:breastfeeding 1810: 1796: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1726:stromal cells 1723: 1722:growth factor 1718: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1666: 1663: 1662:stromal cells 1659: 1658:pre-malignant 1650: 1645: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1612:fluoroscopies 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1524: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1427: 1419: 1416:All types of 1414: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1378:posited that 1377: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1339:Breastfeeding 1335: 1331: 1328:). Women who 1327: 1316: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1234: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1218:pembrolizumab 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1100:hypercalcemia 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1007:progesterones 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 896: 894: 890: 886: 885:brachytherapy 882: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 854: 849: 840: 836: 819: 814: 807: 802: 795: 790: 783: 778: 777: 776: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665:mammary lobes 662: 661:mammary ducts 655: 638: 633: 629: 625: 618: 613: 612: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 584: 575: 573: 568: 560: 556: 552: 550: 549:tomosynthesis 546: 542: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 512: 507: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 447:lymph vessels 444: 439: 437: 432: 423: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 291: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 232:of the skin, 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 214:Breast cancer 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 187: 185: 181: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 155: 151: 150:Tissue biopsy 148: 146: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 113: 109: 105: 103: 99: 96: 93: 91: 87: 82: 78: 73: 70:Breast cancer 68: 62: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 18:Breast Cancer 10180: 10163: 10146: 10129: 10117:from Commons 10112: 10095: 10074: 9937:Fibroadenoma 9778:Risk factors 9767: 9753: 9700: 9675: 9664: 9644: 9633: 9609: 9598: 9587: 9576: 9553: 9538: 9485: 9481: 9451:(1): 63–82. 9448: 9444: 9409: 9405: 9364: 9360: 9323: 9319: 9298: 9265: 9261: 9236: 9232: 9213: 9178: 9174: 9168: 9146:(2): 442–8. 9143: 9139: 9133: 9101:(1): 49–54. 9098: 9094: 9056: 9052: 9046: 9011: 9007: 8997: 8962: 8958: 8948: 8915: 8911: 8905: 8893:. Retrieved 8884: 8875: 8863:. Retrieved 8854: 8845: 8810: 8806: 8796: 8777: 8740: 8736: 8726: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8665:(1): 28–31. 8662: 8658: 8648: 8615: 8611: 8605: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8510:. Retrieved 8477: 8473: 8463: 8418: 8386: 8380: 8365: 8344:the original 8339: 8329: 8310: 8304: 8289: 8279: 8256: 8237: 8216:. Retrieved 8212:the original 8201: 8172: 8128: 8122: 8103: 8082:. Retrieved 8062: 8055: 8045: 8039: 8015: 8008: 7974: 7970: 7960: 7941: 7935: 7916: 7889:. PMPH-USA. 7886: 7856: 7850: 7831: 7825: 7801: 7794: 7782:. Retrieved 7778:the original 7773: 7764: 7752:. Retrieved 7748:the original 7743: 7712: 7645:(17): 4287. 7642: 7638: 7628: 7582:. Retrieved 7530: 7526: 7516: 7481: 7477: 7467: 7440: 7436: 7426: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7350: 7346: 7321:. Retrieved 7288: 7284: 7278: 7274: 7266: 7254:. Retrieved 7229: 7220: 7185: 7181: 7171: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7078: 7074: 7064: 7029: 7025: 7015: 6980: 6976: 6966: 6931: 6927: 6917: 6883:(1): 43–73. 6880: 6876: 6866: 6854:. Retrieved 6837: 6828: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6701: 6697: 6687: 6675:. Retrieved 6666: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6511: 6507: 6497: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6434:(1): 33–43. 6431: 6427: 6421: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6327: 6323: 6313: 6280: 6276: 6270: 6248:(1): 63–78. 6245: 6241: 6234: 6223:the original 6218: 6205: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6021:the original 6011: 5978: 5974: 5967: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5855: 5851: 5844: 5809: 5805: 5795: 5763:(2): 78–89. 5760: 5756: 5746: 5711: 5707: 5661: 5657: 5650: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5568: 5564: 5521: 5517: 5511: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5468:the original 5463: 5454: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5401:. Retrieved 5390: 5381: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5320:. Retrieved 5295: 5286: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5229: 5209: 5205: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5026: 5022: 5012: 4979: 4975: 4968: 4959: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4854:. Retrieved 4842: 4832: 4780: 4768: 4756:. Retrieved 4731:. Retrieved 4706:. Retrieved 4696: 4684:. Retrieved 4674: 4644:(1): 18–26. 4641: 4637: 4627: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4535: 4531: 4483: 4479: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4405: 4393:. Retrieved 4366: 4329: 4317:. Retrieved 4305: 4295: 4258: 4248: 4198:. Retrieved 4188: 4157: 4145: 4099:. Retrieved 4089: 4077: 4065:. Retrieved 4034: 3999: 3987: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924:. Retrieved 3914: 3902:. Retrieved 3877: 3865: 3853:. Retrieved 3781: 3769:. Retrieved 3744: 3732:. Retrieved 3722: 3717:, "Table 1". 3710: 3683: 3654: 3642:. Retrieved 3632: 3620:. Retrieved 3610: 3598: 3586: 3574:. Retrieved 3564: 3552:. Retrieved 3527:. Retrieved 3483:. Retrieved 3473: 3461:. Retrieved 3451: 3439:. Retrieved 3395: 3383:. Retrieved 3372: 3363: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3295: 3290: 3278:. Retrieved 3271:the original 3239:. Retrieved 3230: 3202:. Retrieved 3183: 3174: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3116: 3110: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3028: 3024: 3018: 2994: 2987: 2975:. Retrieved 2966: 2957: 2914: 2910: 2885:. Retrieved 2873: 2846:. Retrieved 2837: 2817:the original 2803: 2784: 2752:. Retrieved 2743: 2647: 2582: 2566:cryoablation 2563: 2560:Cryoablation 2547: 2533: 2526: 2518:gene therapy 2503: 2482: 2473:X chromosome 2464: 2461:gynecomastia 2458: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2425: 2411: 2399: 2374: 2360: 2358: 2341:objectifying 2322: 2307: 2293: 2254: 2238: 2200: 2187: 2183:Jerome Urban 2174: 2153: 2133: 2127: 2107:breast lumps 2082:apothecaries 2055: 2043:detox purges 2002: 1980:spread. 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