380:, frequently with a white underbelly and white on the feet. These white markings, called "flash", often extend onto the neck or face, and dogs that have these markings are known as "flashy". "Fawn" denotes a range of colors, the tones of which may be described variously as light tan or yellow, reddish tan, mahogany, or stag/deer red, and dark honey-blonde. In the UK and Europe, fawn Boxers are typically rich in color and are often called "red". "Brindle" refers to a dog with black stripes on a fawn background. Some brindle Boxers are so heavily striped that they give the appearance of "reverse brindling", fawn stripes on a black body; these dogs are conventionally called "reverse brindles", but that is actually a misnomer—they are still fawn dogs with black stripes. In addition, the breed standards state that the fawn background must clearly contrast with or show through the brindling.
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29:
434:, these dogs are either fawn or brindle, with excessive white markings overlying the base coat color. Like fair-skinned humans, white Boxers have a higher risk of sunburn and associated skin cancers than darker Boxers. The extreme piebald gene, which is responsible for white markings in Boxers, is linked to congenital sensorineural deafness in dogs. An estimated 18% of white Boxers are deaf in one or both ears, though Boxer rescue organizations see about double that number.
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364:. In March 2005, the AKC breed standard was changed to include a description of the uncropped ear, but to severely penalize an undocked tail. The tail of a boxer is typically docked before the cartilage is fully formed, from 3–5 days old. The procedure does not require any sutures when performed at this young age, and anesthesia is not used. The docking of the tail is not permitted under the breed standard of The Kennel Club UK.
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such as chewing, digging, or licking. Boxers have earned a slight reputation of being "headstrong", which can be related to inappropriate obedience training. Owing to their intelligence and working-breed characteristics, training based on corrections often has limited usefulness. Boxers, like other animals, typically respond better to
442:
with "faults" is unethical, which is in stark contrast to the AKC preference for docked tails. Additionally there is the perception that white Boxers are at higher risk of ending up abandoned in rescues. Today, breeders are increasingly reluctant to euthanize healthy pups, and may choose to neuter and place them in pet homes, instead.
477:
The character of the Boxer is of the greatest importance and demands the most solicitous attention. He is renowned from olden times for his great love and faithfulness to his master and household. He is harmless in the family, but can be distrustful of strangers, bright and friendly of temperament at
756:
Meta von der
Passage played the most important role of the five original ancestors. Our great line of sires all trace directly back to this female. She was a substantially built, low to the ground, brindle and white particolor, lacking in underjaw and exceedingly lippy. As a producing female, few in
441:
white puppies at birth. A 1998 study of Boxers in the
Netherlands showed that 17% of Boxer pups were euthanized because they were white. Previously, the American Boxer Club "unofficially recommended euthanasia for these animals." Reasons for euthanizing white pups include the view that selling a dog
322:
The head is the most distinctive feature of the Boxer. The breed standard dictates that it must be in perfect proportion to the body and above all it must never be too light. The greatest value is to be placed on the muzzle being of correct form and in absolute proportion to the skull. The length of
1036:
Boxers need plenty of exercise, which means their diet should be high in quality calories. The main source of these calories should be lean animal protein, which includes lean chicken, turkey, lamb, and fish. While on a high calorie diet, owners should be thoughtful of the amount of treats given as
566:
The Boxer by nature is not an aggressive or vicious breed. It is an instinctive guardian and can become very attached to its family. Like all dogs, it requires proper socialization. Boxers are generally patient with smaller dogs and puppies, but difficulties with larger adult dogs, especially those
383:
The Boxer does not carry the gene for a solid black coat color, so purebred black Boxers do not exist.Unless died Boxers that appear black are actually heavily brindled, where the fawn color is completely sealed out by the black striping. These are often referred to as "sealed" Boxers, and are not
1040:
Boxers are also prone to dental problems, increasing their susceptibility for bad breath; dry dog food that is large and difficult for them to chew improves the likelihood for plaque removal. Plaque can also be removed by crude fiber in kibble, which has a flexible structure that increases chewing
739:
This dog was mated with his own dam, Flora, and one of his offspring was a female called Alt's
Schecken. George Alt mated Schecken with a Bulldog named Dr. Toneissen's Tom to produce the historically significant dog MĂĽhlbauer's Flocki. Flocki was the first Boxer to enter the German Stud Book after
524:
Boxers are a bright, energetic, and playful breed and tend to be very good with children. They are patient and spirited with children, but also protective, making them a popular choice for families. They are active, strong dogs that require adequate exercise to prevent boredom-associated behaviors
1069:
events. These strong and intelligent animals have also been used as service dogs, guide dogs for the blind, therapy dogs, police dogs in K9 units, and occasionally herding cattle or sheep. The versatility of Boxers was recognized early on by the military, which has used them as valuable messenger
2018:
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;
342:
groups, and the general public, both cropping of the ears and docking of the tail have been prohibited in some countries around the world, and is not recognised by the breed standard laid down by The Kennel Club of the UK. The
American Kennel club still permits cropped ears. A line of naturally
1014:
health survey, cancer accounts for 38.5% of Boxer deaths, followed by old age (21.5%), cardiac (6.9%) and gastrointestinal (6.9%) related issues. The breed is particularly predisposed to mast cell tumours, a cancer of the immune system. Median lifespan was 10.25 years. Responsible breeders use
747:
The white female dog Ch. Blanka von
Angertor, Flocki's sister, was even more influential when mated with Piccolo von Angertor (Lechner's Box grandson) to produce the predominantly white (particolored) female dog Meta von der Passage, which, even bearing little resemblance with the modern Boxer
859:
It has been claimed that the name "Boxer" was jokingly applied by an
English traveler who noted a tendency of the dog to use its paws in fighting. This seems improbable. Any such action would likely result in a badly bitten if not broken leg. On the other hand, a German breeder of 40 years'
632:
687:
991:(JKD), where the kidneys do not develop normally during gestation and leads to chronic renal failure. JKD is most frequently diagnosed in dogs under the age of 3, and often much earlier than this in puppies before the age of 12 months. There is strong evidence to suggest JKD is an
323:
the muzzle to the whole of the head should be a ratio of 1:3. Folds are always present from the root of the nose running downwards on both sides of the muzzle, and the tip of the nose should lie somewhat higher than the root of the muzzle. In addition, a Boxer should be slightly
289:
in Munich the next year. Based on 2013 AKC statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year. According to the AKC's website, though, the boxer is now the 11th-most popular dog breed in the United States.
864:
use his feet, except to try to extinguish a small flame such as a burning match. But a Boxer does box with his head. He will hit (not bite) a cat with his muzzle hard enough to knock it out and he will box a ball with his nose. Or perhaps, since the German dictionary translates
478:
play, but brave and determined when aroused. His intelligence and willing tractability, his modesty and cleanliness make him a highly desirable family dog and cheerful companion. He is the soul of honesty and loyalty, and is never false or treacherous even in his old age.
562:
average working/obedience intelligence. Many who have worked with Boxers disagree quite strongly with Coren's survey results, and maintain that a skilled trainer who uses reward-based methods will find Boxers have far above-average intelligence and working ability.
1041:
time. Dry dog food is often coated with polyphosphates, which further reduces plaque buildup by preventing calcium production in saliva. Odor production from the boxer's mouth is likely to be reduced if its teeth and oral cavity are kept in healthy conditions.
757:
any breed can match her record. She consistently whelped puppies of marvelous type and rare quality. Those of her offspring sired by Flock St. Salvator and Wotan dominate all present-day pedigrees. Combined with Wotan and Mirzl children, they made the Boxer.
356:(FCI) added a "naturally stumpy tail" as a disqualifying fault in their breed standard, meaning those Boxers born with a bobtail can no longer be shown in FCI member countries. In the United States and Canada as of 2012, cropped ears are still more common in
698:
The breed was introduced to other parts of Europe in the late 19th century and to the United States around the turn of the 20th century. The AKC registered the first Boxer in 1904, and recognized the first Boxer champion, Dampf vom Dom, in 1915. During
351:
in anticipation of a tail-docking ban there; after several generations of controlled breeding, these dogs were accepted in the Kennel Club (UK) registry in 1998, and today representatives of the bobtail line can be found in many countries. In 2008, the
929:. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 9 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found 50% of Boxers died by the age of 10, higher than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.
735:
German citizen George Alt, a Munich resident, mated a brindle-colored female dog imported from France named Flora with a local dog of unknown ancestry, known simply as "Boxer", resulting in a fawn-and-white male, named
Lechner's Box after its owner.
567:
of the same sex, may occur. Boxers are generally more comfortable with companionship, in either human or canine form. They are very patient and are great to adopt as family dogs because they are good with children and people of all kinds.
674:
In 1894, three
Germans, Friedrich Robert, Elard König, and R. Höpner, decided to stabilize the breed and put it on exhibition at a dog show. This was done in Munich in 1896, and the year before they founded the first Boxer Club, the
821:. More in line with historical facts, Brace states that many other theories may explain the origin of the breed name, from which he favors the one claiming the smaller Bullenbeisser (Brabanter) dogs were also known as
1006:
About 22% of puppies die before reaching seven weeks of age. Stillbirth is the most frequent cause of death, followed by infection. Mortality due to infection increases significantly with increases in inbreeding.
1037:
this tends to cause obesity. Owners should be mindful of the food to snack ratio being consumed by the Boxer when determining how many treats are acceptable. Some healthy snacks include raw fruits and vegetables.
774:, this theory is the least plausible explanation. He claims, "it's unlikely that a nation so permeated with nationalism would give to one of its most famous breeds a name so obviously anglicised".
1015:
available tests to screen their breeding stock before breeding, and in some cases throughout the life of the dog, in an attempt to minimize the occurrence of these diseases in future generations.
1798:
1057:
Boxers are friendly, lively companions that are popular as family dogs. Their suspicion of strangers, alertness, agility, and strength make them formidable guard dogs. They sometimes appear at
1682:
430:
Boxers with white markings covering more than one-third of their coat – conventionally called "white" Boxers – are neither albino nor rare; about 20–25% of all Boxers born are white.
2344:
van der Beek S, Nielen AL, Schukken YH, Brascamp EW (1999). "Evaluation of genetic, common-litter, and within-litter effects on preweaning mortality in a birth cohort of puppies".
1501:
Nielen, A. L. J.; Van Der Gaag, I.; Knol, B. W.; Schukken, Y. H. (1998). "Investigation of mortality and pathological changes in a 14.month birth cohort of boxer puppies".
968:, a malformation of the eyelid requiring surgical correction, is occasionally seen, and some lines have a tendency toward spondylosis deformans, a fusing of the spine, or
1634:
883:, which is evidence that "Boxer" was commonly used as a dog name by the early 19th century, before the establishment of the breed by the end of that same century.
663:, and deer. Its task was to seize the prey and hold it until the hunters arrived. In later years, faster dogs were favored and a smaller Bullenbeisser was bred in
676:
1672:
1000:
777:
German linguistic and historical evidence finds the earliest written source for the word Boxer in the 18th century, where it is found in a text in the
711:. Taken home by returning soldiers, the dog was introduced to a wider audience and soon became a favorite as a companion, a show dog, and a guard dog.
1272:
1794:
844:, the typical Munich beer garden, an open-air restaurant where people used to take their dogs along. The nickname "Deutscher Boxer" was derived from
1326:
2064:"Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death"
327:, i.e., the lower jaw should protrude beyond the upper jaw and bend slightly upwards in what is commonly called an underbite or "undershot bite".
1944:
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2121:
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standard (early photographs depict her as too long, weak-backed, and down-faced), is considered the mother of the breed. John Wagner, in
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353:
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in Munich by the time of the breed's development. These dogs were the result from mixes of
Bullenbeisser and other similar breeds.
1547:
1424:
1049:
2238:"Remission of histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxer dogs correlates with eradication of invasive intramucosal Escherichia coli"
504:
Lively, strong, loyal to owner and family, but distrustful of strangers. Obedient, friendly at play, but with guarding instinct.
361:
1969:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (2024-02-01).
1398:
172:
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2456:
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Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.).
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A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 11.3 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
2371:
869:
as "prize-fighter", the name was bestowed in appreciation of the fighting qualities of the breed rather than its technique.
790:"daß er aus Furcht vor dem großen Baxer Salmonet ... sich auf einige Tage in ein geräumiges Packfaß ... absentiret hatte"
390:
1934:
Institute for the German
Language, Mannheim and University of OsnabrĂĽck, Institute for Linguistic and Literary Sciences.
2924:
1916:
1855:
1816:
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1652:
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1450:
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274:, which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed. The Boxer is a member of both
1738:
585:
372:
The Boxer is a short-haired breed, with a smooth coat that lies tight to the body. The recognized colors are
873:
Boxer is also the name of a dog owned by John Peerybingle, the main character in the best-selling 1845 book
496:
Great nobility, smooth-coated, medium-sized, square build, strong bone and evident, well developed muscles.
766:
The name "Boxer" is supposedly derived from the breed's tendency to play by standing on its hind legs and "
779:
3002:
1334:
972:. Other conditions that are less common but occur more often in Boxers than other breeds are histiocytic
957:
901:
813:
in the Bavarian dialect, means "short (leather) trousers" or "underwear". The very similar-sounding term
2952:
2675:
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659:. The Bullenbeisser had been working as a hunting dog for centuries, employed in the pursuit of bear,
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248:
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1948:
981:
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breed, and this is still done in some countries, but due to pressure from veterinary associations,
1189:
1120:
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2129:
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671:. The Brabanter Bullenbeisser is generally accepted as being a direct ancestor of today's Boxer.
3072:
3067:
2917:
949:
945:
526:
2211:
703:, the Boxer was co-opted for military work, acting as a valuable messenger dog, pack carrier,
285:
The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for
1079:
2416:
Report from the Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
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189:
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2003:
1970:
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357:
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2020:
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1998:
1982:
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for conspicuous gallantry or devotion to duty while serving in a military conflict.
848:
and Boxer could also be a corruption of the former or a contraction of the latter.
832:
In the same vein runs a theory based on the fact that a group of dogs was known as
541:, which offers the dog an opportunity to think independently and to problem-solve.
530:
2947:
2156:
1356:
1251:
3090:
3057:
3042:
3037:
2840:
2830:
2728:
2499:
Canine and Feline Nutrition-E-Book: A Resource for Companion Animal Professionals
2379:
2019:
Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).
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1986:
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in Munich 1896, which was the first event to have a class specific for Boxers.
707:, and guard dog. The Boxer did not become popular around the world until after
680:
348:
2584:
3161:
3116:
3007:
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2779:
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1994:
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542:
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271:
240:
177:
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2451:(Sixth ed.). British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131.
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28:
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1514:
1178:"Get to Know the Boxer", 'The American Kennel Club', Retrieved 14 May 2014
3146:
3126:
2987:
2982:
2967:
2815:
2756:
2720:
2566:
2378:. ufaw.org.uk: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Archived from
2128:. ufaw.org.uk: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Archived from
1889:
1871:
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1096:
1058:
700:
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324:
255:
2047:
1911:. Berlin: de Gruyter; Auflage: 2., vollst. neubearb. Aufl. p. 468.
1609:
999:
to determine the gene mutation, as well as other work separately by the
752:(first published in 1939) said the following regarding this female dog:
719:
360:, though the practice of cosmetic cropping is currently opposed by the
314:
3095:
3082:
3052:
2997:
2870:
2865:
2845:
2710:
2497:
Case, L. P., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raasch, M. F. (2010).
2477:
1207:
1202:
801:) were common German words as early as the late 18th century. The term
704:
1947:. Boxer-Klub E.V. – Sitz München – Deutscher Boxerklub. Archived from
793:. At that time, the spelling "baxer" equalled "boxer". Both the verb (
3077:
2972:
2820:
2751:
2428:"Recommendations for Health Screening of Boxers in Breeding Programs"
1789:
965:
961:
660:
631:
228:
1907:
Strauss, Gerhard; Kämper-Jensen, Heidrun; Nortmeyer, Isolde (1997).
1245:
940:
and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (the so-called "
298:
215:
2962:
2855:
2850:
2825:
1971:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
1640:
1310:
1031:
969:
917:
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in 1904, a detailed document that has not been changed much since.
643:
developed in Germany in the late 19th century from the now extinct
306:
252:
244:
2343:
1742:
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640:
377:
236:
132:
1070:
dogs, pack carriers, and attack and guard dogs in times of war.
266:
ideal for hanging on to large prey. The Boxer was bred from the
3111:
2695:
2657:
2062:
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, ĂĄ; Olson, P (2005-09-30).
933:
767:
691:
2402:"Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Boxers"
2235:
1500:
2624:
2061:
2021:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy"
1273:"How People Perceive Dogs With Docked Tails and Cropped Ears"
136:
2512:
Waltham pocket book of essential nutrition for cats and dogs
1968:
988:
2902:
2017:
817:, also from the Bavarian dialect, is an endearing term for
727:
263:
2514:. Walthan-on-the-Wolds: Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition.
1018:
The Boxer is one of the more commonly affected breeds for
964:(although these may be more related to diet than breed).
259:
1451:"Coat Colors in Boxers and the American Boxer Club, Inc"
932:
Leading health issues to which Boxers are prone include
545:'s survey of obedience trainers, summarized in his book
396:
The color brindle can be with or without white markings.
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
251:(they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle,
1477:"A Boxer is a Boxer is a Boxer: Deaf Whites in Rescue"
787:), which cites an author named Musäus of 1782 writing
770:" with its front paws. According to Andrew H. Brace's
2538:
1699:
1150:
956:
and epilepsy; other conditions that may be seen are
420:
Reverse ("sealed") brindle Boxer, cropped and docked
2493:
2491:
1670:
1598:
239:. The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colors are
1448:
2122:"Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy"
1713:. American Boxer Club/AKC Gazette. Archived from
860:experience states positively that the Boxer does
3159:
2488:
1842:
1187:
1141:
1053:A Boxer on a boat in Lake Lanier, South Carolina
960:(also known as bloat), intestinal problems, and
466:A white Boxer pup with a fawn patch on the face.
2614:
2425:
2176:
2150:
1475:Claudia Moder, Green Acres Boxer Rescue of WI.
1230:
2446:
1981:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
1838:
1836:
1542:
1540:
1304:
976:(sometimes called Boxer colitis), an invasive
679:. The club went on to publish the first Boxer
2918:
2600:
2376:Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals
2126:Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals
1632:
1176:http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/boxer/#standard
247:, with or without white markings. Boxers are
2419:
2170:
2144:
2114:
1888:
1870:
1580:"A proposal for the betterment of our breed"
1422:
788:
2196:
2179:"Genetic and Suspect Diseases in the Boxer"
1833:
1741:. Boxer-dog.org. 2003-05-24. Archived from
1537:
1468:
1295:
987:An emerging health concern among boxers is
512:Equable, biddable, fearless, self-assured.
2925:
2911:
2607:
2593:
1945:"Chronik des Boxer-Klub E.V. Sitz MĂĽnchen"
1900:
1761:
1759:
1442:
1246:American Boxer Club Illustrated Standard.
27:
2253:
2097:
2079:
2046:
2036:
2002:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1311:American Veterinary Medical Association.
2298:
2202:
1731:
1416:
1239:
1224:
1048:
916:
726:
718:
685:
630:
313:
305:
297:
214:
2339:
2337:
2301:"Juvenile nephropathy in 37 boxer dogs"
2242:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
2225:A survey of dystocia in the Boxer breed
1882:
1765:
1756:
1705:
1313:"Ear Cropping and Tail Docking of Dogs"
1289:
1181:
362:American Veterinary Medical Association
3160:
2276:
1925:
1864:
1800:The International Encyclopedia of Dogs
1785:
1783:
1666:
1664:
1628:
1626:
995:with research being undertaken by the
907:Brindle, fawn, and white Boxer puppies
785:The German Dictionary of Foreign Words
690:Boxers on the first boxer exhibition,
2906:
2588:
2510:Grandjean, D; Butterwick, R. (2009).
2472:
2470:
2468:
2299:Chandler, M. L.; et al. (2007).
1582:. American Boxer Club. Archived from
1399:"Boxer Club of Canada Code of Ethics"
1391:
354:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
185:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
2449:BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing
2334:
1708:"Your Boxer's IQ: Breaking The Code"
1377:"Position statements - black Boxers"
1203:http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/boxer/
895:A brindle Boxer with two white socks
740:winning the aforementioned show for
635:Friedrich Robert and his boxer, 1894
2279:"Juvenile renal disease in a boxer"
2236:Mansfield, CS; et al. (2009).
2229:
1780:
1739:"Boxer Disposition and Temperament"
1661:
1623:
518:2021 The Kennel Club breed standard
227:is a medium to large, short-haired
13:
2465:
1768:"Short History of the Boxer Breed"
714:
591:Brindle boxer head with white neck
367:
33:Fawn boxer, uncropped and undocked
14:
3194:
3178:Dog breeds originating in Germany
2534:
1683:Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
1073:
984:, often called Boxer eye ulcers.
120:short, shiny, smooth, close-lying
2572:
2560:
2548:
2320:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00401.x
2308:Journal of Small Animal Practice
2277:Sumner, Helen (April 18, 2016).
1706:Abraham, Stephanie (July 1994).
1205:
900:
888:
608:
596:
584:
572:
459:
447:
413:
401:
389:
2517:
2504:
2440:
2394:
2364:
2292:
2270:
2255:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0363.x
2218:
2055:
2038:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155
2011:
1962:
1909:Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch Bd. 3
1606:"1938 AKC Boxer Breed Standard"
1572:
1494:
1449:R.D. Conrad & Ann Gilbert.
1379:. American Boxer Club (America)
1369:
1348:
1319:
425:
2025:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
1848:Pet Owner's Guide to the Boxer
1265:
1196:
1135:
1113:
840:(beer) probably refers to the
772:Pet Owner's Guide to the Boxer
471:
347:) Boxers was developed in the
1:
2068:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
1553:. AKC gazette. Archived from
1208:"Boxer Dog Breed Information"
1107:
993:inherited condition in boxers
989:Boxer Juvenile Kidney Disease
761:
484:1938 AKC Boxer breed standard
293:
112:25–27 kg (55–60 lb)
102:30–32 kg (66–70 lb)
91:53–61 cm (21–24 in)
81:56–64 cm (22–25 in)
2932:
2478:"How to Feed Your Boxer Dog"
1671:Joan Hustace Walker (2001).
1327:"The Boxer and Tail Docking"
1025:
855:by Milo G Denlinger states:
437:In the past, breeders often
384:an AKC recognized coloring.
258:(an underbite), very strong
7:
3087:Saint Louis Vincent Mastiff
2501:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1425:"White Boxers and Deafness"
1090:
958:gastric dilatation volvulus
936:, heart conditions such as
723:Boxer early genealogy chart
10:
3199:
2953:Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog
2676:German Shorthaired Pointer
2671:German Roughhaired Pointer
2153:"Boxer Health Information"
1987:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1029:
624:
620:
551:, ranked Boxers at number
3104:
3078:Perro de Presa Mallorquin
2940:
2884:
2803:
2770:
2742:
2719:
2686:German Wirehaired Pointer
2666:German Longhaired Pointer
2656:
2623:
1636:The Everything Boxer Book
1190:"Registration Statistics"
912:
876:The Cricket on the Hearth
825:and that Boxer is just a
780:Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch
330:Boxers were originally a
302:Head and body proportions
199:
188:
183:
176:
171:
166:
162:
153:
150:
145:
142:
127:
124:
119:
116:
106:
95:
85:
74:
69:
65:
57:
38:
26:
21:
2081:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121
1001:UK Boxer Breeder Council
851:A passage from the book
548:The Intelligence of Dogs
2734:Old German herding dogs
2648:Westphalian Dachsbracke
2633:Bavarian Mountain Hound
2208:"Spondylosis Deformans"
1685:pp. 7, 11, 16–17.
1206:Club, American Kennel.
1044:
1020:degenerative myelopathy
982:indolent corneal ulcers
954:degenerative myelopathy
731:Flocki, the first Boxer
639:The Boxer is a hunting
533:, an approach based on
3073:Perro de Presa Canario
3068:Olde English Bulldogge
3003:CĂŁo Fila de SĂŁo Miguel
1645:F+W Publications, Inc.
1633:Karla Spitzer (2006).
1188:American Kennel Club.
1142:American Kennel Club.
1054:
922:
871:
789:
759:
732:
724:
695:
636:
527:positive reinforcement
522:
488:
319:
311:
303:
220:
2426:American Boxer Club.
2177:American Boxer Club.
2151:American Boxer Club.
1515:10.1136/vr.142.22.602
1298:"Genetics Can Be Fun"
1231:The Worldwide Boxer.
1052:
920:
857:
754:
730:
722:
689:
634:
625:Further information:
489:
475:
317:
309:
301:
282:(AKC) Working Group.
218:
167:Kennel club standards
3122:Cordoba fighting dog
2615:Dogs originating in
2414:on February 6, 2011.
1811:. pp. 140–142.
942:Boxer cardiomyopathy
677:Deutscher Boxer Club
535:operant conditioning
280:American Kennel Club
270:and the now extinct
3142:Old English Bulldog
3018:Continental Bulldog
2811:American Eskimo Dog
2762:Miniature Schnauzer
2706:Small Münsterländer
2691:Large Münsterländer
2525:"PDSA Dickin Medal"
2382:on 11 February 2015
2132:on 11 February 2015
1674:Training Your Boxer
529:techniques such as
268:Old English Bulldog
3063:Neapolitan Mastiff
2876:Standard Schnauzer
2790:Miniature Pinscher
2372:"Mast Cell Tumour"
1975:Scientific Reports
1805:New York, New York
1647:pp. 174–175.
1423:Cattanach, Bruce.
1362:2017-09-08 at the
1102:List of dog breeds
1055:
997:University of Ohio
974:ulcerative colitis
923:
853:The Complete Boxer
733:
725:
696:
637:
603:A fawn Boxer puppy
579:Brindle Boxer head
492:General appearance
320:
312:
304:
221:
3155:
3154:
3033:Dogue de Bordeaux
3013:CimarrĂłn Uruguayo
2900:
2899:
2458:978-1-910-44339-2
1809:Howell Book house
1791:Anne Rogers Clark
1548:"A "White" Paper"
1503:Veterinary Record
1296:Bruce Cattanach.
1123:. The Kennel Club
1082:were awarded the
615:A fawn Boxer head
262:, and a powerful
213:
212:
195:
194:
158:
157:
3190:
3132:Fila da Terceira
3028:Dogue Brasileiro
2993:Campeiro Bulldog
2958:American Bulldog
2927:
2920:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2474:
2463:
2462:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2407:. Archived from
2406:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2210:. Archived from
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2181:. Archived from
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2155:. Archived from
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2083:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2040:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1850:. Interpet Ltd.
1844:Brace, Andrew H.
1840:
1831:
1830:
1803:(1st ed.).
1787:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1677:(1st ed.).
1668:
1659:
1658:
1639:(1st ed.).
1630:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1608:. Archived from
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1479:. Archived from
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1453:. Archived from
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1427:. Archived from
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1401:. Archived from
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1373:
1367:
1354:Sheila Schmutz:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1333:. Archived from
1331:www.pedigree.com
1323:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1277:Psychology Today
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1250:. Archived from
1248:"The Boxer Bite"
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:"The Boxer Head"
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1148:
1147:
1144:"Breed Standard"
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1121:"Breed Standard"
1117:
1063:obedience trials
904:
892:
797:) and the noun (
792:
655:brought in from
612:
600:
588:
576:
561:
560:
556:
531:clicker training
520:
486:
463:
451:
417:
408:A red fawn Boxer
405:
393:
219:Fawn boxer puppy
208:
202:
164:
163:
143:Litter size
67:
66:
41:
31:
19:
18:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3100:
3091:Serrano Bulldog
3058:Kurdish Mastiff
3043:Fila Brasileiro
3038:English Mastiff
2936:
2931:
2901:
2896:
2880:
2841:Giant Schnauzer
2831:German Pinscher
2799:
2766:
2738:
2729:German Shepherd
2715:
2652:
2619:
2613:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2496:
2489:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2459:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2346:Am. J. Vet. Res
2342:
2335:
2314:(12): 690–694.
2303:
2297:
2293:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2201:
2197:
2188:
2186:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2060:
2056:
2016:
2012:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1905:
1901:
1887:
1883:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1841:
1834:
1819:
1795:Andrew H. Brace
1788:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1586:on 4 March 2016
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1509:(22): 602–606.
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1364:Wayback Machine
1353:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1309:
1305:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1240:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1201:
1197:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1151:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1093:
1076:
1047:
1034:
1028:
1010:According to a
980:infection, and
938:aortic stenosis
915:
908:
905:
896:
893:
881:Charles Dickens
805:, also written
764:
717:
715:Early genealogy
649:English Mastiff
629:
623:
616:
613:
604:
601:
592:
589:
580:
577:
558:
554:
552:
521:
516:
500:Characteristics
487:
482:
474:
467:
464:
455:
454:All-white Boxer
452:
428:
421:
418:
409:
406:
397:
394:
370:
368:Coat and colors
318:Two fawn Boxers
310:A brindle boxer
296:
276:The Kennel Club
235:, developed in
204:
200:
53:
50:Deutscher Boxer
39:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3105:Extinct breeds
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3048:French Bulldog
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:Dogo Argentino
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Kromfohrländer
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2785:Biewer Terrier
2782:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:German Spaniel
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2536:
2535:External links
2533:
2531:
2530:
2516:
2503:
2487:
2482:Boxer Fan Club
2464:
2457:
2439:
2418:
2393:
2363:
2352:(9): 1106–10.
2333:
2291:
2269:
2228:
2217:
2214:on 2007-10-12.
2195:
2169:
2143:
2113:
2054:
2010:
1961:
1936:
1924:
1917:
1899:
1881:
1863:
1856:
1832:
1817:
1797:, ed. (1995).
1779:
1755:
1730:
1698:
1691:
1660:
1653:
1622:
1597:
1571:
1560:on 27 May 2014
1536:
1493:
1467:
1441:
1415:
1390:
1368:
1357:Boxer Markings
1347:
1318:
1303:
1288:
1264:
1238:
1223:
1195:
1180:
1149:
1134:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1080:Punch and Judy
1075:
1074:Notable Boxers
1072:
1046:
1043:
1027:
1024:
1012:UK Kennel Club
946:hypothyroidism
914:
911:
910:
909:
906:
899:
897:
894:
887:
829:of that word.
763:
760:
716:
713:
681:breed standard
667:, in northern
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
607:
605:
602:
595:
593:
590:
583:
581:
578:
571:
514:
480:
473:
470:
469:
468:
465:
458:
456:
453:
446:
427:
424:
423:
422:
419:
412:
410:
407:
400:
398:
395:
388:
369:
366:
349:United Kingdom
343:short-tailed (
295:
292:
249:brachycephalic
211:
210:
197:
196:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:Life span
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
72:
71:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
52:
51:
48:
44:
42:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3195:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3117:Bullenbeisser
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Chongqing dog
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:Alano Español
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:Extant breeds
2939:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2893:
2892:Bullenbeisser
2890:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:Affenpinscher
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
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1766:John Wagner.
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1745:on 2009-09-17
1744:
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1720:on 2012-02-25
1716:
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1679:Hauppauge, NY
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1654:1-59337-526-3
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2836:German Spitz
2721:Herding dogs
2701:Pudelpointer
2638:German Hound
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2481:
2448:
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2431:. Retrieved
2421:
2409:the original
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2384:. Retrieved
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2248:(5): 964–9.
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2204:Fred Lanting
2198:
2187:. Retrieved
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2134:. Retrieved
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2125:
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2048:11585/961937
2028:
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2013:
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1953:. Retrieved
1949:the original
1939:
1908:
1902:
1893:
1890:Wagner, John
1884:
1875:
1872:Wagner, John
1866:
1847:
1799:
1771:. Retrieved
1747:. Retrieved
1743:the original
1733:
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1252:the original
1241:
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1211:
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1125:. Retrieved
1115:
1084:Dickin Medal
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709:World War II
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426:White Boxers
382:
371:
329:
321:
287:St. Bernards
284:
233:mastiff-type
224:
222:
206:domestic dog
47:German Boxer
3147:Toy Bulldog
3127:Dogo Cubano
2988:Bully Kutta
2983:Bullmastiff
2757:Jagdterrier
2386:10 February
2136:10 February
1383:25 November
1212:www.akc.org
1097:Dogs portal
1059:dog agility
927:crossbreeds
701:World War I
647:, a dog of
539:behaviorism
508:Temperament
472:Temperament
432:Genetically
325:prognathous
256:prognathism
146:average 6–8
40:Other names
3183:Catch dogs
3168:FCI breeds
3162:Categories
3083:Rottweiler
3053:Great Dane
2998:Cane Corso
2871:Rottweiler
2866:Leonberger
2846:Great Dane
2795:Pomeranian
2744:Earth dogs
2711:Weimaraner
2433:2006-09-05
2189:2006-09-05
2163:2006-09-05
2031:: 106155.
1955:2006-08-17
1773:2007-07-13
1749:2006-06-09
1724:2009-07-14
1616:2007-07-26
1487:2007-09-14
1461:2007-09-14
1435:2006-09-05
1409:2007-02-11
1341:2018-10-19
1282:2018-10-19
1258:2006-09-22
1217:2016-02-05
1108:References
1030:See also:
842:Biergarten
827:corruption
762:Breed name
705:attack dog
439:euthanized
294:Appearance
253:mandibular
154:11.3 years
2973:Broholmer
2821:Dobermann
2752:Dachshund
2286:Vet Times
2090:1751-0147
1995:2045-2322
1894:The Boxer
1876:The Boxer
1026:Nutrition
966:Entropion
962:allergies
846:Bierboxer
834:Bierboxer
750:The Boxer
661:wild boar
358:show dogs
229:dog breed
16:Dog breed
3173:Mastiffs
3137:Molossus
2963:Boerboel
2934:Mastiffs
2856:Keeshond
2851:Hovawart
2826:Eurasier
2772:Toy dogs
2358:10490080
2328:17727634
2264:19678891
2108:16261925
2004:10834484
1892:(1950).
1874:(1939).
1846:(2004).
1827:32697706
1641:Avon, MA
1531:35709645
1360:Archived
1127:28 March
1091:See also
1032:Dog food
970:dystocia
653:Bulldogs
515:—
481:—
245:brindled
190:standard
178:standard
2978:Bulldog
2885:Extinct
2658:Gundogs
2617:Germany
2579:Germany
2555:Animals
2541:Portals
2099:1624818
1523:9682419
1067:flyball
1061:or dog
978:E. coli
934:cancers
811:Buchsen
669:Belgium
665:Brabant
641:mastiff
621:History
559:
555:
378:brindle
345:bobtail
336:cropped
237:Germany
133:brindle
109:Females
88:Females
61:Germany
3112:Alaunt
2804:Others
2696:Poodle
2625:Hounds
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1651:
1590:27 May
1564:27 May
1529:
1521:
952:, and
913:Health
815:Boxerl
768:boxing
694:, 1896
692:Munich
332:docked
135:, and
125:Colour
96:Weight
75:Height
70:Traits
58:Origin
2968:Boxer
2816:Boxer
2412:(PDF)
2405:(PDF)
2304:(PDF)
2282:(PDF)
2074:(3).
1718:(PDF)
1711:(PDF)
1558:(PDF)
1551:(PDF)
1527:S2CID
867:Boxer
819:Boxer
799:Boxer
795:boxen
225:Boxer
137:white
99:Males
78:Males
22:Boxer
3096:Tosa
2567:Dogs
2453:ISBN
2388:2015
2354:PMID
2324:PMID
2260:PMID
2138:2015
2104:PMID
2086:ISSN
1991:ISSN
1913:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1823:OCLC
1813:ISBN
1793:and
1687:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1592:2014
1566:2014
1519:PMID
1385:2012
1129:2022
1065:and
1045:Uses
944:"),
838:Bier
823:Boxl
807:Buxn
803:Boxl
537:and
376:and
374:fawn
334:and
278:and
264:bite
260:jaws
241:fawn
223:The
129:fawn
117:Coat
2316:doi
2250:doi
2094:PMC
2076:doi
2043:hdl
2033:doi
2029:225
1999:PMC
1983:doi
1511:doi
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879:by
862:not
809:or
243:or
231:of
201:Dog
173:VDH
131:or
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