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of a composite deck structure. Four post tensioned coil steel cables, two to each side of the walking deck, are locked in place by orthogonally run steel beams every 7.5 meters. The hangers are joined to each of these beams between each cable pair. Since the beams extend the width of the post-tensioned concrete deck, the tensing cable pairs remain visible.
338:
uses two arches of different height and span length that both bifurcate before their apex. Above its single, middle-displaced river pier the deck lies between the arches. Contrarily each abutment on the riverbanks supports a single arch end only, in the middle of the deck. The tying chord(s) consist
342:
A close-up of the river pier shows that the structural dead load is tied per span: The larger arch span uses thicker tensing cables and the reflex segments are not suspended from, but supported by steel beams, essentially completing the arches at the river pier. However, for dynamic and non-uniform
101:
Thrusts downwards on a tied-arch bridge deck are translated, as tension, by vertical ties between the deck and the arch, tending to flatten it and thereby to push its tips outward into the abutments, like for other arch bridges. However, in a tied-arch or bowstring bridge, these movements are
260:. The latter usually support the deck from below and join their bottom feet to those of the main arch(es). The supporting piers at this point may be slender, because the outward-directed horizontal forces of main and auxiliary arch ends counterbalance. The whole structure is
74:
in which the outward-directed horizontal forces of the arch(es) are borne as tension by a chord tying the arch ends rather than by the ground or the bridge foundations. This strengthened chord may be the deck structure itself or consist of separate, independent tie-rods.
316:
Like for multi-span continuous beam bridges the tying chord continually spans over all piers. The arches feet coincide (fuse) at the bridge piers. A good visual indication are shared supports at the piers. Dynamic loads are distributed between spans.
324:
in
Nanjing, China. Its two main arches are shouldered by short auxiliary arches. It is both, a (rigid) tied-arch and a cantilevered trussed arch design. Because the traffic runs through the structural envelope, it is also a through arch bridge.
439:(FHWA), the FHWA noted that tied-arch bridges are susceptible to problems caused by poor welds at the connection between the arch rib and the tie girders, and at the connection between the arch and vertical ties. In addition, problems with
489:
For a description of how bowstring arch and bowstring girder bridges are related, see Margot Gayle & Carol Gayle, Cast-iron
Architecture in America: The Significance of James Bogardus, pages 28-29 (W. W. Norton & Company
818:
102:
restrained not by the abutments but by the strengthened chord, which ties these tips together, taking the thrusts as tension, rather like the string of a bow that is being flattened. Therefore, the design is also called a
786:
647:
588:
Under vertical dead loads and uniform imposed loads the arches support the loads under pure axial compression with the deck edge cables acting as horizontal ties.
681:
308:
in
Rajahmundry, India. It has four separate supports on each pier and carries the South Central Railway Line of India. It was designed for 250 km/h rail services.
480:
See, e.g., U.S. Patent 14,313 (February 26, 1856) issued to P.C. Guiou of
Cincinnati, Ohio, for a Truss Bridge, titled on specification as "Girder for Bridges."
715:
443:, while not isolated to tied-arch bridges, resulted in costly, time-consuming and inconveniencing repairs. The structure as a whole was described as
703:
364:
304:
Tied arch bridges may consist of successively lined up tied arches in places where a single span is not sufficient. An example for this is the
117:
allows tied-arch bridges to be constructed with less robust foundations; thus they can be situated atop elevated piers or in areas of unstable
754:
806:
735:
331:
in New Taipei, Taiwan is a non-trussed example with three main arches augmented by two auxiliary arch segments at the bridge portals.
770:
387:, two tied arch bridges erected side by side to increase traffic capacity, but structurally independent, may be referred to by
351:
Usually, for a single span, two tied-arches are placed in parallel alongside the deck, so the deck lies in between the arches.
359:
bridges have at most one tied-arch per span that is usually centered in the middle of the bridge deck. An example for this is
521:
568:
411:. The visual distinction is a tied-arch bridge will not have substantial diagonal members between the vertical members.
600:
121:. In addition, since they do not depend on horizontal compression forces for their integrity, tied-arch bridges can be
148:
place only vertical loads on the anchorage, and so are suitable where large horizontal forces are difficult to anchor.
205:
17:
145:
858:
436:
793:
777:
125:
offsite, and subsequently floated, hauled or lifted into place. Notable bridges of this type include the
225:
296:, but its arch is non-tied. In particular the bridge deck is suspended, but does not tie the arch ends.
853:
375:
Some designs tilt the arches outward or inward with respect to the axis running along the bridge deck.
320:
This type may be combined with the shouldered tied-arch design discussed above. An example for this is
271:
in
Portland, Oregon which is the second-longest tied-arch bridge in the world and also classifies as a
824:
160:
126:
797:
444:
138:
745:
545:
741:
863:
447:: failure of either of the two tie girders would result in failure of the entire structure.
428:
424:
400:
391:. Each in return may use a single- or multi-span, discrete or continuous tied-arch design.
201:
190:
264:. Like the simple case it exclusively places vertical loads on all ground-bound supports.
8:
689:
456:
440:
272:
216:
50:. The arches terminate atop slender raised piers and are tied by the road deck structure.
35:
403:
bridge is similar in appearance to a tied-arch; however, the bowstring truss behaves as
461:
175:
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761:
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Torikai ohasi (Torikai big bridge) 鳥飼大橋 - over the Yodo river, Osaka, Japan
531:
384:
30:
655:
501:
408:
288:
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in
Maastricht. Since it has hinged hangers it might also classify as a
240:
54:
367:
who held a patent on tied-arch bridges with hinged hangers from 1926.
343:
loads the visually defining arch continuations must not be neglected.
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directly and prolong the strengthened chord to tie to the top ends of
671:
667:
569:"A Critical Analysis of North Shore Footbridge, Stockton-on-Tees, UK"
236:
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and the first "computer-designed" bridge of this type, the
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is the longest and second oldest bridge of this type in
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252:Some tied-arch bridges only tie a segment of the
845:
796:, the first and longest through arch made up in
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279:in Chongqing is a tied-arch, through arch and a
639:
228:lines up two asymmetrically sized tied arches.
621:Federal Highway Administration (1978-09-28).
614:
346:
113:The elimination of horizontal forces at the
812:Imari Bay Bridge in Saga prefecture, Japan
764:second span (in foreground) built in 1997.
506:Structures; or Why Things Don't Fall Down
418:
292:uses a cantilevered trussed arch, it is
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29:
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14:
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831:, designed for the preparation for
499:For a nontechnical exposition, see
370:
24:
721:The Haggerston bridge carries the
601:"Axial (single) tied-arch bridges"
394:
144:Both the tied-arch bridge and the
25:
875:
435:In a 1978 advisory issued by the
378:
817:
805:
785:
769:
753:
734:
714:
702:
680:
658:is a tied-arch bridge, carrying
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34:Generic tied-arch bridge with a
312:Multi-span continuous tied-arch
146:self-anchored suspension bridge
62:featuring multiple tied arches.
593:
538:
493:
483:
474:
437:Federal Highway Administration
78:
13:
1:
794:GFRP Lleida Pedestrian Bridge
623:"TIED ARCH BRIDGES: T 5140.4"
467:
300:Multi-span discrete tied-arch
239:(or Passerelle Céramique) in
640:Gallery of tied-arch bridges
431:, Taiwan, Republic of China.
7:
835:, hosted in nearby city of
450:
151:
10:
880:
414:
347:Single tied-arch per span
798:Fibre-reinforced plastic
567:Maskell, Daniel (2009).
139:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
258:auxiliary (half-)arches
108:bowstring-girder bridge
780:, a network tied arch.
742:Windsor Railway Bridge
432:
389:tied arch twin bridges
244:
229:
213:
212:(lateral view diagram)
198:
183:
182:(lateral view diagram)
168:
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51:
39:
859:Truss bridges by type
778:Lake Champlain Bridge
546:"Pittsburgh's bridge"
422:
235:
219:
204:
189:
174:
159:
86:
57:
45:
33:
306:Godavari Arch Bridge
248:Shouldered tied-arch
191:Godavari Arch Bridge
690:Tyngsborough Bridge
457:Through arch bridge
273:through arch bridge
748:and built in 1849.
462:James Barney Marsh
433:
322:Dashengguan Bridge
277:Chaotianmen Bridge
267:An example is the
245:
230:
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206:Dashengguan Bridge
199:
184:
176:Chaotianmen Bridge
169:
99:
64:
60:Argos, Peloponnese
52:
40:
38:on the right side.
854:Tied arch bridges
762:Blue Water Bridge
723:London Overground
523:978-0-306-40025-4
441:electroslag welds
425:Nanfang'ao Bridge
281:truss arch bridge
58:A rail bridge in
16:(Redirected from
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829:Taylor, Michigan
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548:. Travel Channel
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516:. p. 208f.
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371:Tilted tied-arch
357:single tied-arch
286:Contrarily, the
226:Stockton-on-Tees
165:Portland, Oregon
135:Fort Pitt Bridge
131:Portland, Oregon
68:tied-arch bridge
48:Fort Pitt Bridge
21:
18:Bowstring bridge
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395:Differentiation
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353:Axial tied-arch
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336:Infinity Bridge
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222:Infinity Bridge
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36:movable support
28:
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423:The collapsed
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383:In analogy to
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365:Nielsen bridge
348:
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269:Fremont Bridge
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161:Fremont Bridge
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127:Fremont Bridge
104:bowstring-arch
88:Erkkilä Bridge
80:
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27:Type of bridge
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864:Arch bridges
744:designed by
626:. Retrieved
616:
604:. Retrieved
595:
587:
580:. Retrieved
578:. bath.ac.uk
575:
562:
550:. Retrieved
540:
505:
495:
485:
476:
445:nonredundant
434:
429:Yilan County
398:
388:
385:twin bridges
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67:
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725:across the
656:Hoan Bridge
582:11 December
289:Hart Bridge
195:Rajahmundry
79:Description
72:arch bridge
848:Categories
628:2008-07-22
502:Gordon, JE
468:References
241:Maastricht
672:Wisconsin
668:Milwaukee
662:over the
407:, not an
361:Hoge Brug
254:main arch
237:Hoge Brug
180:Chongqing
115:abutments
552:June 14,
504:(1978).
451:See also
152:Variants
837:Detroit
532:4004565
210:Nanjing
96:Finland
92:Tampere
746:Brunel
530:
520:
510:London
490:1998).
415:Issues
275:. The
70:is an
572:(PDF)
405:truss
792:The
776:The
760:The
688:The
654:The
608:2017
584:2009
554:2016
528:OCLC
518:ISBN
409:arch
334:The
220:The
119:soil
46:The
827:in
666:in
427:in
355:or
224:in
208:in
193:in
178:in
163:in
137:in
129:in
106:or
90:in
850::
670:,
586:.
574:.
526:.
512::
508:.
399:A
283:.
141:.
110:.
94:,
66:A
800:.
729:.
696:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
