210:. During these wars, the livelihood of the people on the Borders was devastated by the contending armies. Even when the countries were not formally at war, tension remained high, and royal authority in either or both kingdoms was often weak, particularly in remote locations. The difficulty and uncertainties of basic human survival meant that communities and/or people kindred to each other would seek security through group strength and cunning. They would attempt to improve their livelihoods at their nominal enemies' expense, enemies who were frequently also just trying to survive. Loyalty to a feeble or distant monarch and reliance on the effectiveness of the law usually made people a target for
504:
1139:
444:
192:
113:
1155:
520:(also known as a "slew dogge") to follow raiders' tracks. These dogs were valuable, and part of the established forces (on the English side of the border, at least). Any person meeting this counter-raid was required to ride along and offer such help as he could, on pain of being considered complicit with the raiders. The "cold trod" mounted after six days required official sanction. Officers such as the Deputy Warden of the English West March had the specific duty of "following the trod".
222:, this meant that land was divided equally among all sons following a father's death; it could mean that the inheriting generation held insufficient land on which to survive. Also, much of the Border region is mountainous or open moorland, unsuitable for arable farming but good for grazing. Livestock was easily rustled and driven by mounted reivers who knew the country well. The raiders might also remove easily portable household goods or valuables, and take prisoners for ransom.
129:
698:
3898:
54:
1103:. It took little to start a feud; a chance quarrel or misuse of office was sufficient. Feuds might continue for years until patched up in the face of invasion from the other kingdoms or when the outbreak of other feuds caused alliances to shift. The border was easily destabilised if Graynes from opposite sides of the border were at feud. Feuds also provided ready excuse for particularly murderous raids or pursuits.
293:
750:" β thus using the words 'clan' and 'chief' to describe both Highland and Lowland families. The act goes on to list the various Border clans. Later, Sir George MacKenzie of Rosehaugh, the Lord Advocate (Attorney General), writing in 1680 said "By the term 'chief' we call the representative of the family from the word chef or head and in the
471:
thick, and the roof was of slate or stone tiles. Only narrow arrow slits provided light and ventilation. Such dwellings could not be set on fire, and while they could be captured, for example by smoking out the defenders with fires of damp straw or using scaling ladders to reach the roof, they were usually not worth the time and effort.
651:
Generally associated with several historic events of the period, as well as continuing lawlessness, or the consideration of insufficient government control to prevent "theft and rapine upon the northern borders of
England", these acts were repeatedly continued over the next 80 years. The initial acts
538:
The march wardens also had the duty of maintaining such justice and equity as was possible. The respective kingdoms' march wardens would meet at appointed times along the border itself to settle claims against people on their side of the border by people from the other kingdom. These occasions, known
676:
was dropped, the enforcement acts were continued by other variously named acts, most of which continued the established descriptive phrase "for preventing theft and rapine upon the northern borders of
England", as the first item included. These later acts include the Perpetuation of Various Laws Act
422:
These borderers proved difficult to control, however, within larger national armies. They were already in the habit of claiming any nationality or none, depending on who was asking and where they perceived the individual advantage to be. Many had relatives on both sides of
Scottish-English conflicts
542:
March wardens (and the lesser officers such as keepers of fortified places) were rarely effective at maintaining the law. The
Scottish wardens were usually borderers themselves, and were complicit in raiding. They almost invariably showed favour to their own kindred, which caused jealousy and even
470:
was a stout two-storeyed building. The lower floor was used to keep the most valuable livestock and horses. The upper storey housed the people, and often could be reached only by an external ladder which was pulled up at night or if danger threatened. The stone walls were up to 3 feet (0.9 m)
1256:
is headed by the "Reiver" and "Reiver's Lass", a young man and young woman elected from the inhabitants of the town and surrounding area. The Ulster-Scots Agency's first two leaflets from the 'Scots Legacy' series feature the story of the historic Ulster tartan and the origins of the kilt and the
309:
The reivers were both
English and Scottish and raided both sides of the border impartially, so long as the people they raided had no powerful protectors and no connection to their own kin. Their activities, although usually within a day's ride of the border, extended both north and south of their
515:
or Border law, developed in the region. Under border law, a person who had been raided had the right to mount a counter-raid within six days, even across the border, to recover his goods. This "hot trod" had to proceed with "hound and horne, hew and cry", making a racket and carrying a piece of
225:
The attitudes of the
English and Scottish governments towards the border families alternated from indulgence and even encouragement, as these fierce families served as the first line of defence against invasion across the border, to draconian and indiscriminate punishment when their lawlessness
1241:
today. Reiving families (particularly those large or brutal enough to carry significant influence) have left the local population passionate about their territory on both sides of the Border. Newspapers have described the local cross-border rugby fixtures as 'annual re-runs of the bloody
558:. When Elizabeth died, there was an especially violent outbreak of raiding known as "Ill Week", resulting from the convenient belief that the laws of a kingdom were suspended between the death of a sovereign and the proclamation of the successor. Upon his accession to the English throne,
728:
and the Scotts of Harden and elsewhere. Both Border
Graynes and Highland septs, however, had the essential feature of patriarchal leadership by the chief of the name, and had territories in which most of their kindred lived. Border families did practice customs similar to those of the
1675:βAn act ... and for continuing an act made in the thirteenth and fourteenth years of the reign of King Charles the Second, for preventing theft and rapine on the northern borders of England; and for reviving and continuing certain clauses in two other acts made for the same purpose"
322:. The main raiding season ran through the early winter months, when the nights were longest and the cattle and horses fat from having spent the summer grazing. The numbers involved in a raid might range from a few dozen to organised campaigns involving up to three thousand riders.
481:
is one of many surviving peel towers. Like bastle houses, they were very strongly constructed for defence. If necessary, they could be temporarily abandoned and stuffed full of smouldering turf to prevent an enemy (such as a government army) destroying them with gunpowder.
539:
as "Days of Truce", were much like fairs, with entertainment and much socialising. For reivers it was an opportunity to meet (lawfully) with relatives or friends normally separated by the border. It was not unknown for violence to break out even at such truce days.
423:
despite prevailing laws against international marriage. They could be badly behaved in camp, seeing fellow soldiers as sources of plunder. As warriors more loyal to clans than to nations, their commitment to the work was always in doubt. At battles such as
1194:
were often retold in folk-song as Border ballads. There are also local legends, such as the "Dish of Spurs" which would be served to a border chieftain of the
Charltons to remind him that the larder was empty and it was time to raid again. Scottish author
543:
hatred among other
Scottish border families. Many English officers were from southern counties in England and often could not command the loyalty or respect of their locally recruited subordinates or the local population. Local officers such as
465:
In the very worst periods of warfare, people were unable to construct more than crude turf cabins, the destruction of which would be little loss. When times allowed, however, they built houses designed as much for defence as shelter. The
217:
There were other factors which may have promoted a predatory mode of living in parts of the
Borders. A system of partible inheritance is evident in some parts of the English side of the Borders in the sixteenth century. By contrast to
589:. The act repealed nine English laws enacted over the previous centuries and considered hostile to Scotland; the repeal became effective when 13 Scottish laws considered hostile to England had been repealed. Three years later an act (
597:
To deal with cross-border flight, the act allowed the trial of an Englishman in Scotland if the felony was committed there, and he was later arrested in England; it became effective after a similar act had been passed in Scotland.
770:
passed a statute: "For the quieting and keping in obiedince of the disorderit subjectis inhabitantis of the borders hielands and Ilis." Attached to the statute was a Roll of surnames from both the
1408:
Neville, Cynthia J. (1998). Violence, custom and law : the Anglo-Scottish border lands in the later middle ages. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. xiv, 1β226, p.77. ISBN 0748610731.
477:(also spelled pele towers) were usually three-storeyed buildings, constructed specifically for defensive purposes by the authorities, or for prestigious individuals such as the heads of clans.
587:
An act for the utter abolition of all memory of hostility, and the dependence thereof, between England and Scotland, and for repressing of occasions of disorders, and disorders in time to come
263:
which means "to rob, plunder, pillage". Variants of these words were used in the Borders in the later Middle Ages. The corresponding verb in Dutch is "(be)roven", and "(be)rauben" in German.
1477:
Neville, Cynthia J. (1998). Violence, custom and law : the Anglo-Scottish border lands in the later middle ages. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. xiv, 1β226. ISBN 0748610731.
754:(Gaelic) with us the chief of the family is called the head of the clan". Thus, the words chief or head, and clan or family, are interchangeable. It is therefore possible to talk of the
1246:'. Despite this there has been much cross-border migration since the Pacification of the Borders, and families that were once Scots now identify themselves as English and vice versa.
1176:, which refers to seventeenth-century borderland brigands. Scott was himself a native of the borders, writing down histories which had been passed on in folk tradition or ballad.
784:
1252:
in Scotland holds an annual Reivers' festival as do the Schomberg Society in Kilkeel, Northern Ireland (the two often co-operate). The summer festival in the Borders town of
531:. The march wardens' various duties included the maintenance of patrols, watches and garrisons to deter raiding from the other kingdom. On occasion, march wardens could make
1203:(1869β1963) wrote several poems about the reivers, including "The reiver's heart" (1903), "The raiders" (1904), "Whaup o' the rede: a ballad of the border raiders" (1909), "
712:
A variety of terms describe the Border families, such as the "Riding Surnames" and the "Graynes" thereof. This can be equated to the system of the Highland Clans and their
644:
was taken away from those convicted (generally meaning a death sentence), or otherwise, the notorious thieves and spoil-takers in Northumberland or Cumberland were to be
758:
family or the Maxwell clan. The idea that Highlanders should be listed as clans while the Lowlanders are listed as families originated as a 19th-century convention.
325:
When raiding, or riding, as it was termed, the reivers rode light on hardy nags or ponies renowned for the ability to pick their way over the boggy moss lands (see:
708:
and an important stronghold for the Scottish Marches. Its holder, the Keeper of Liddesdale, usually had equal status to the Scottish Wardens of the Marches.
3967:
1890:
516:
burning turf on a spear point to openly announce their purpose, to distinguish themselves from unlawful raiders proceeding covertly. They might use a
140:. It reads in part: "He took a bugle frae his side, With names carved o'er and o'er, Full many a chief of meikle pride, That Border bugle bore."
2076:
562:
of Scotland (who became James I of England) moved hard against the reivers, abolishing border law and the very term "Borders" in favour of "Middle
435:) noticed Scottish and English borderers chatting with each other, then putting on a spirited show of combat once they knew they had been spotted.
547:, who was Warden of the Middle March for almost 35 years, became quite as well known for venality as his most notorious Scottish counterparts.
3962:
406:
2129:
689:. c. 57), which continued previous acts until 1 September 1757 "and from thence to the end of the then next session of parliament".
167:
without regard to their victims' nationality. Their heyday was in the last hundred years of their existence, during the time of the
3972:
2161:
624:
Section seven of the act revives both previous acts passed under James I. With the 1662 act about to expire, the sixth session of
554:
of England, things had come to such a pitch along the border that the English government considered re-fortifying and rebuilding
1697:"An act to continue the several laws therein mentioned; for preventing theft and rapine on the northern borders of England; ..."
595:
An act for the better execution of justice, and suppressing of criminal offenders, in the north parts of the kingdom of England.
1686:"An act to continue the several laws therein mentioned for preventing theft and rapine on the northern borders of England; ..."
1782:
2028:
1990:
1971:
1911:
1291:(1989) has shown in detail how the Anglo-Scottish border culture became rooted in parts of the United States, especially the
357:; hence their nickname of the "steel bonnets". They were armed with light lances and small shields, and sometimes also with
3957:
1331:
1631:"An act for the continuance of three former acts for preventing of theft and rapine upon the northern borders of England"
459:
1664:"An act for continuing the acts therein mentioned, for preventing theft and rapine upon the northern borders of England"
393:
and in Ireland, often to avoid having harsher penalties enacted upon themselves and their families. Reivers fighting as
3952:
1812:
1199:
revisited these themes in his historical and contemporary novels. Scottish Border poet, and Australian bush balladeer,
458:
The inhabitants of the Borders had to live in a state of constant alert, and for self-protection, they built fortified
2047:
1952:
1930:
1875:
1847:
1824:
1653:"An act for continuing the acts therein mentioned for preventing theft and rapine on the northern borders of England"
1299:
wryly observed or imagined Border traits and names among controversial people in modern American history: Presidents
1168:
512:
498:
272:
97:
2104:
79:
31:
1620:"An act for continuance of two former acts for preventing theft and rapine upon the northern borders of England"
3942:
3922:
3878:
3801:
2009:
1642:"An act for the continuing four former acts for preventing theft and rapine on the northern borders of England"
64:
17:
503:
2609:
2154:
1427:
427:
in Scotland in 1545, borderers changed sides in mid-combat to curry favour with the likely victors. At the
42:
1757:
1696:
1685:
1674:
1652:
1641:
1630:
1619:
1607:
1572:
1560:
638:
An Act to continue a former Act for preventing of Thefte and Rapine upon the Northerne Borders of England.
365:, known as "latches", or later on in their history with one or more pistols. They invariably also carried
278:
The Border-History of England and Scotland, deduced from the earliest times to the union of the two crowns
3947:
2619:
1663:
870:
are registered with the Court of Lord Lyon in Edinburgh as Scottish Clans (with a Chief), others such as
3927:
3394:
890:
clan in the Middle Ages, later died out or lost their lands, and are unregistered with the Lyon Court.
528:
447:
432:
2674:
2629:
2624:
1360:
1138:
199:
1722:
1191:
443:
3932:
3129:
2614:
2147:
1940:
1583:
1296:
1214:
895:
733:, such as tutorship when an heir who was a minor succeeded to the chiefship, and giving bonds of
721:
428:
75:
3977:
3771:
3766:
2181:
1253:
767:
629:
610:
297:
133:
2069:
3651:
2699:
1885:
1712:
1323:
1288:
1284:
1273:
1229:
The names of the Reiver families are still very much apparent amongst the inhabitants of the
1200:
602:
424:
402:
152:
121:
1595:
1346:
under a main road, and part of the bishop's curse is displayed on a 14-ton granite boulder.
3796:
2429:
1280:
1265:
1261:
1234:
645:
394:
245:
191:
8:
3816:
3781:
3749:
2934:
2109:
1339:
1312:
1269:
1243:
1029:
927:
741:
625:
579:
334:
302:
172:
2002:
Violence, custom and law : the Anglo-Scottish border lands in the later middle ages
71:
3836:
3831:
3148:
2057:
1786:
1180:
1041:
1040:), Collingwood, Carnaby, Shaftoe, Ridley, Stokoe, Stamper, Wilkinson, Hunter, Huntley,
819:
755:
665:
593:. c. 1) dealing with criminal law in the border region was enacted; it was long titled
346:
180:
3868:
3863:
3480:
3419:
2764:
2043:
2024:
2005:
1986:
1967:
1948:
1926:
1907:
1871:
1843:
1820:
1574:
Statutes at Large β Volume 7 β 39 Elizabeth to 12 Charles II β 1597-8 to 1660], p.216
1300:
1209:
942:
899:
725:
653:
641:
633:
555:
398:
155:
from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century. They included both
3937:
3345:
2574:
2404:
2394:
2269:
1397:
1230:
1163:
1115:
1099:
Relationships between the Border clans varied from uneasy alliance to open, deadly
827:
771:
701:
661:
544:
524:
267:
112:
3902:
3857:
3711:
3617:
3498:
3449:
3409:
3381:
3337:
3077:
2996:
2984:
2964:
2939:
2894:
2884:
2789:
2784:
2729:
2719:
2714:
2669:
2664:
2634:
2594:
2349:
2294:
2284:
2209:
2204:
1836:
1355:
1343:
1073:
1017:
883:
843:
823:
478:
354:
211:
168:
117:
1417:
Scott, Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (Edinburgh, 1849 edn), volume 1, p. 401
3852:
3841:
3506:
3490:
3485:
3439:
3245:
3232:
3221:
3029:
2859:
2739:
2734:
2704:
2689:
2659:
2654:
2644:
2639:
2524:
2494:
2409:
2334:
2324:
2304:
2229:
2219:
1338:. Names of Reiver families are set into the paving of a walkway which connects
1308:
1307:, among others. It is also noted that, in 1969, a descendant of the Borderers,
1204:
1061:
1037:
1010:
994:
982:
954:
950:
935:
931:
923:
871:
859:
831:
803:
751:
747:
Chiftanis and chieffis of all clannis ... duelland in the hielands or bordouris
622:
An Act for preventing of Theft and Rapine upon the Northern Borders of England.
559:
485:
Peel towers and bastle houses were often surrounded by a stone wall known as a
416:
249:
176:
164:
148:
1154:
240:
meaning "plunder, rob", a closely related word, comes from the Middle English
3916:
3693:
3677:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3638:
3558:
3454:
3444:
3424:
3386:
3216:
3161:
3024:
2954:
2924:
2909:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2794:
2769:
2744:
2679:
2579:
2479:
2454:
2369:
2359:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2264:
2170:
1561:
Statutes at Large β Volume 7 β 39 Elizabeth to 12 Charles II β 1597-8 to 1660
1366:
1311:, was the first person to set foot on the Moon. In 1972 Armstrong was made a
1304:
1196:
1119:
1111:
990:
713:
451:
390:
342:
326:
219:
195:
38:
2134:
1983:
Deadlock and Deliverance: The Capture and Rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong
3776:
3698:
3646:
3612:
3598:
3578:
3475:
3429:
3404:
3399:
3307:
3240:
3211:
3184:
3096:
3072:
3061:
2959:
2949:
2944:
2929:
2899:
2879:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2814:
2774:
2754:
2749:
2724:
2694:
2684:
2599:
2584:
2569:
2544:
2534:
2519:
2474:
2464:
2419:
2399:
2354:
2344:
2309:
2274:
2224:
1899:
1426:
Ridpath, The Border-History of England and Scotland (London, 1776), p. 696
1292:
1173:
1084:
1065:
1002:
978:
946:
919:
863:
606:
517:
467:
349:
into which small plates of steel were stitched), and metal helmets such as
137:
128:
3719:
3470:
3459:
3434:
3414:
3362:
3206:
3189:
3134:
3115:
3110:
2969:
2844:
2824:
2809:
2804:
2779:
2709:
2649:
2604:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2514:
2509:
2484:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2389:
2379:
2374:
2259:
2244:
2214:
1143:
1127:
1077:
1069:
1057:
1033:
1021:
998:
875:
867:
855:
851:
839:
799:
717:
673:
551:
412:
382:
257:
207:
3873:
310:
main haunts. English raiders were reported to have hit the outskirts of
3883:
3791:
3739:
3688:
3627:
3622:
3367:
3323:
3318:
3290:
3250:
3156:
3085:
3016:
2919:
2914:
2889:
2864:
2799:
2554:
2529:
2444:
2384:
2364:
2254:
2249:
2239:
2199:
1147:
1028:, Hedley of Redesdale. Charlton, Robson, Dodd, Dodds, Milburn, Yarrow,
986:
974:
887:
879:
847:
705:
618:
583:
474:
338:
315:
266:
The earliest use of the combined term 'border reiver' appears to be by
1733:
Great Britain III Acts of the Parliament of Scotland pp.466β467 (1587)
697:
3703:
3529:
2974:
2904:
2874:
2869:
2589:
2539:
2504:
2499:
2469:
2459:
2234:
1923:
Society, politics, and culture : studies in early modern England
1709:
Society, politics, and culture : studies in early modern England
1025:
1006:
970:
915:
686:
682:
614:
319:
311:
305:. A romanticised image of a notorious raider, Walter Scott of Harden.
1817:
The Stirring World of Robert Carey, Robert Carey's Memoirs 1577β1625
276:. George Ridpath (1716?β1772), the author of posthumously published
82:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3811:
3761:
3255:
2759:
2489:
1608:
Statutes at Large, Volume 24, Index for acts passed before 1 Geo. 3
1316:
678:
590:
575:
362:
350:
314:, and Scottish raids were reported to have reached as far south as
156:
2124:
2114:
1142:
Skills of horsemanship are kept alive in the Borders: fording the
202:
in Scotland, built in the 1500s for protection against the reivers
3826:
2139:
2099:
1238:
1218:
1092:
1088:
734:
669:
657:
486:
386:
358:
330:
160:
1859:
Tudor frontiers and noble power: the making of the British state
1279:
Border surnames can also be found throughout the major areas of
1276:
in America). Reiver descendants can be found throughout Ulster.
775:
745:
389:. Reivers sometimes served in English or Scottish armies in the
3806:
2119:
1838:
The Border Reivers: The story of the Anglo-Scottish borderlands
1249:
1123:
1107:
535:
to recover loot, and to make a point to raiders and officials.
489:, inside which cattle and other livestock were kept overnight.
783:
507:
A leather jack of the kind worn by reivers in the 16th century
761:
730:
563:
366:
280:(London, 1776), referred not to 'border reivers' but only to
232:, a noun meaning raid, comes from the Middle English (Scots)
292:
206:
Scotland and England were frequently at war during the late
3821:
3786:
1100:
415:
is quoted as having said that "with ten thousand such men,
370:
136:'s horn, noted in a poem called "The Reiver's Wedding" by
2086:
The Border Reivers: A stain on the image of Tudor England
2037:
1283:
settlement in the United States, and particularly in the
1711:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986) pp. 93β96
1217:(1925β2008) describes life in the Anglo-Scottish border
1783:"Cursing Stone & Reiver Pavement / Carlisle, 2001"
1187:
features border reivers (but does not use this term).
672:
c. 10). Starting in 1732, although the 'Moss trooper'
681:. c. 37), the Universities (Wine Licences) Act 1743 (
1833:
838:
Of the Border Clans or Graynes listed on this roll,
648:to America, "there to remaine and not to returne".
27:
1200sβ1600s raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border
2125:The capture and rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong
2021:Dick the Devil's Bairns: Breaking the Border Mafia
1835:
397:soldiers played important roles in the battles at
1162:The reivers were romanticised by writers such as
1110:. The tradition of family tartans dates from the
3914:
1939:
685:. c. 40), and the Continuance of Laws Act 1750 (
609:nearly six decades later, parliament passed the
1894:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1891:Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America
438:
1207:" (1913), and "Ho! for the blades of Harden".
774:and Highlands. The Borders portion listed 17 '
2155:
2038:Tuck, Anthony; Goodman, Anthony, eds (1992).
1190:The stories of legendary border reivers like
780:' with a Chief and their associated Marches:
566:", and dealing out stern justice to reivers.
37:"Reivers" redirects here. For the actor, see
692:
385:, owing to their recognised skills as light
3968:People associated with the Scottish Borders
2040:War and Border Societies in the Middle Ages
523:Both sides of the border were divided into
381:Border reivers were sometimes in demand as
337:was later replaced by light armour such as
2162:
2148:
1260:Borderers (particularly those banished by
762:Surnames in the Marches of Scotland (1587)
2088:. Vol. 4. Medieval History Magazine.
2075:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2004:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
1925:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1396:Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 'reive' verb
894:The historic riding surnames recorded by
744:of 1587 there is the description of the "
98:Learn how and when to remove this message
2083:
1596:Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628β80
1584:Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628β80
1319:in Scotland, the home of his ancestors.
1153:
1137:
1118:. The typical dress of reivers included
782:
696:
668:. c. 6), and the Moss Trooper Act 1712 (
502:
442:
376:
291:
190:
127:
111:
1999:
1884:
1326:created a public art work in Carlisle:
226:became intolerable to the authorities.
14:
3915:
1961:
1898:
1834:Durham, Keith; McBride, Angus (1995).
1746:(London: Harvill, 1989) pp. 56β65
1381:
1036:, Heron, Witherington, Medford (later
2143:
1921:James, Mervyn (Mervyn Evans) (1986).
1920:
1865:
1856:
1811:
1221:in the heyday of the border reivers.
1087:, Musgrave, Storey, Lowther, Curwen,
664:. c. 17), the Moss Trooper Act 1700 (
660:. c. 14), the Moss Trooper Act 1695 (
617:. c. 22) for the border area; it was
214:rather than conferring any security.
124:, Scotland, from a 19th-century print
2018:
1980:
656:. c. 2), the Moss Trooper Act 1685 (
47:
1758:"William Wordsworth: The Borderers"
1525:(London: Harvill, 1989), pp.139β140
1512:(London: Harvill, 1989), p. 215 fn.
1334:, the Archbishop of Glasgow's 1525
882:clans with no Chief, while such as
652:include the Moss Trooper Act 1677 (
419:could shake any throne in Europe."
163:people, and they raided the entire
24:
3963:Military history of Northumberland
2169:
1499:(London: Harvill, 1989), pp. 95β96
1172:), although he also used the term
1114:and was inspired by the novels of
640:Under section two of the act, the
25:
3989:
2093:
1755:
1328:Cursing Stone and Reiver Pavement
1169:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
993:, Rutherford of West Teviotdale.
499:March law (Anglo-Scottish border)
273:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
3896:
1133:
1106:Riders did not wear identifying
605:and long-running lawlessness by
511:A special body of law, known as
492:
450:, a surviving bastle house near
405:. After meeting one reiver (the
52:
3973:History of the Scottish Borders
2084:Turnbull, Rob (December 2003).
1775:
1749:
1736:
1727:
1716:
1701:
1690:
1679:
1668:
1657:
1646:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1566:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1502:
1489:
1480:
1471:
834:, Jardine, Moffat, and Latimer.
787:Regions of the Scottish marches
32:Border reivers (disambiguation)
3879:Independent Highland Companies
2135:List of reiver family surnames
2115:Another Border reivers website
1785:. Gordon Young. Archived from
1551:(London: Harvill, 1989), p.360
1538:(London: Harvill, 1989), p.210
1462:
1453:
1444:
1431:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1390:
569:
13:
1:
1985:. Rose Cottage Publications.
1805:
1441:(London: Harvill, 1989), p.38
1268:becoming the people known as
822:, Glendenning, Irving, Bell,
578:. c. 1) to assist the recent
186:
2000:Neville, Cynthia J. (1998).
1762:Poets of the Romantic Period
1486:Durham & McBride, p. 20.
1224:
902:(London: Harvill, 1989) are:
439:Dwellings and fortifications
43:The Reivers (disambiguation)
7:
3958:Military history of Cumbria
1349:
1158:Reiver statue at Galashiels
1095:, Routledge, Tailor, Noble.
1032:of Tynedale. Also Fenwick,
724:, can be compared with the
333:). The original dress of a
78:the claims made and adding
10:
3994:
2110:Border reivers DNA Project
2100:The Border reivers website
1861:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1468:Durham & McBride, p.23
1459:Durham & McBride, p.24
1076:, Glendenning, Routledge,
776:
746:
496:
448:Black Middens Bastle House
36:
29:
3953:History of Northumberland
3892:
3748:
2983:
2190:
2179:
2130:Borders map with surnames
1962:Moffat, Alistair (2008).
1857:Ellis, Steven G. (1989).
1723:Clans, Families and Septs
1387:Durham & McBride, p.5
1361:History of Northumberland
693:Border surnames and clans
287:
1941:MacDonald Fraser, George
1742:George McDonald Fraser,
1547:George McDonald Fraser,
1534:George McDonald Fraser,
1521:George McDonald Fraser,
1508:George McDonald Fraser,
1495:George McDonald Fraser,
1437:George McDonald Fraser,
1374:
1192:Kinmont Willie Armstrong
256:. All three derive from
3126:Campbell of Breadalbane
2610:Macdonald of Clanranald
1297:George MacDonald Fraser
1215:George MacDonald Fraser
896:George MacDonald Fraser
722:Clan MacDonald of Sleat
429:Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
3772:Court of the Lord Lyon
2620:MacDonell of Glengarry
2183:List of Scottish clans
1966:. Edinburgh: Birlinn.
1886:Fischer, David Hackett
1287:region. The historian
1159:
1151:
981:, Davison, Gilchrist,
818:Scott, Bates, Little,
788:
768:Parliament of Scotland
709:
630:Moss Troopers Act 1666
611:Moss Troopers Act 1662
508:
455:
431:in 1547, an observer (
345:(a type of sleeveless
306:
244:. There also exists a
203:
141:
134:Walter Scott of Harden
125:
41:. For other uses, see
3943:History of Cumberland
3923:Anglo-Scottish border
3395:MacDonald of Dunnyveg
2120:The Routledge reivers
2042:. London: Routledge.
1868:War Stories: Volume 2
1866:Ennis, Garth (2006).
1842:. Osprey Publishing.
1289:David Hackett Fischer
1157:
1141:
1068:, Carlisle, Beattie,
786:
700:
636:. c. 3), long titled
506:
446:
377:Borderers as soldiers
295:
194:
153:Anglo-Scottish border
131:
122:Dumfries and Galloway
115:
2675:Maclaine of Lochbuie
2630:MacDonald of Glencoe
2625:MacDonald of Keppoch
1819:. RippingYarns.com.
1266:plantation of Ulster
1262:James VI of Scotland
1181:William Wordsworth's
985:of East Teviotdale.
582:was enacted; it was
30:For other uses, see
3903:Scotland portal
2755:Malcolm (MacCallum)
1789:on 27 February 2014
1398:merriam-webster.com
1370:(television series)
1340:Tullie House Museum
1336:Monition of Cursing
1264:) took part in the
1244:Battle of Otterburn
1146:on Braw Lad's Day,
1016:England: Anderson,
742:Scottish Parliament
726:Scotts of Buccleuch
666:12 & 13 Will. 3
626:Cavalier Parliament
580:Union of the Crowns
173:Kingdom of Scotland
3948:History of Cumbria
3837:Battle of Culloden
3130:Campbell of Cawdor
2615:Macdonald of Sleat
2105:The Border reivers
2068:has generic name (
2019:Tait, Jon (2018).
1981:Moss, Tom (2007).
1160:
1152:
789:
710:
704:, the strength of
654:29 & 30 Cha. 2
634:18 & 19 Cha. 2
509:
456:
383:mercenary soldiers
307:
298:Auld Wat of Harden
204:
181:Kingdom of England
142:
132:Notorious raider,
126:
63:possibly contains
3928:History of Europe
3910:
3909:
3869:Scottish surnames
3864:Scottish heraldry
2030:978-3-7482-2361-0
1992:978-0-9558016-0-0
1973:978-1-84158-674-8
1947:. HarperCollins.
1945:The Steel Bonnets
1913:978-0-09-918161-3
1744:The Steel Bonnets
1707:Mervyn E. James,
1549:The Steel Bonnets
1536:The Steel Bonnets
1523:The Steel Bonnets
1510:The Steel Bonnets
1497:The Steel Bonnets
1439:The Steel Bonnets
1301:Lyndon B. Johnson
1210:The Steel Bonnets
1122:, steel bonnets (
1091:, Dacre, Harden,
1083:England: Graham,
969:Scotland: Burns,
900:The Steel Bonnets
740:In an Act of the
662:7 & 8 Will. 3
642:benefit of clergy
454:in Northumberland
270:in his anthology
108:
107:
100:
65:original research
16:(Redirected from
3985:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3754:
3652:Stewart of Appin
2989:
2700:MacLeod of Lewis
2184:
2173:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2089:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1977:
1958:
1936:
1917:
1895:
1881:
1862:
1853:
1841:
1830:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1257:Border Reivers.
1231:Scottish Borders
1164:Sir Walter Scott
1116:Sir Walter Scott
1056:Scotland: Bell,
806:, Nixon, Crozier
779:
778:
749:
748:
702:Hermitage Castle
574:In 1606 an act (
550:By the death of
545:Sir John Forster
335:shepherd's plaid
268:Sir Walter Scott
138:Sir Walter Scott
103:
96:
92:
89:
83:
80:inline citations
56:
55:
48:
21:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3897:
3895:
3888:
3858:Scottish Gaelic
3752:
3750:
3744:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2430:Fraser of Lovat
2345:Cumming (Comyn)
2192:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2096:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2031:
2012:
1993:
1974:
1955:
1933:
1914:
1878:
1850:
1827:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1717:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1356:Debatable Lands
1352:
1344:Carlisle Castle
1315:of the town of
1227:
1201:Will H. Ogilvie
1136:
884:Clan Blackadder
764:
695:
572:
527:, each under a
501:
495:
479:Smailholm Tower
441:
379:
290:
189:
169:House of Stuart
118:Gilnockie Tower
104:
93:
87:
84:
69:
57:
53:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3991:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Border Reivers
3930:
3925:
3908:
3907:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:Scots language
3849:
3847:Border reivers
3844:
3842:Highland games
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:Stuart of Bute
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:Scottish clans
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2094:External links
2092:
2091:
2090:
2081:
2066:|author2=
2048:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2010:
1997:
1991:
1978:
1972:
1959:
1953:
1937:
1931:
1918:
1912:
1904:Martin Farrell
1896:
1882:
1876:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1831:
1825:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1774:
1748:
1735:
1726:
1715:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1667:
1656:
1645:
1634:
1623:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1565:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1501:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1430:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1309:Neil Armstrong
1226:
1223:
1205:Kirkhope Tower
1135:
1132:
1097:
1096:
1081:
1046:
1045:
1014:
1013:of Liddesdale.
959:
958:
939:
836:
835:
808:
807:
763:
760:
694:
691:
601:Following the
571:
568:
556:Hadrian's Wall
494:
491:
440:
437:
433:William Patten
408:Bold Buccleugh
378:
375:
343:jacks of plate
289:
286:
188:
185:
177:House of Tudor
165:border country
145:Border reivers
106:
105:
60:
58:
51:
26:
18:Border Reivers
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3990:
3979:
3978:Tudor England
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3905:
3904:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:The Highlands
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:MacCorquodale
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2059:
2051:
2049:0-415-08021-5
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:. Tredition.
2022:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1954:0-00-272746-3
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1932:9780521368773
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:Howker, Janni
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1877:1-4012-1039-2
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1849:1-85532-417-2
1845:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1828:
1826:1-904466-29-X
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:Carey, Robert
1810:
1809:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1763:
1759:
1756:Scott, Paul.
1752:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1369:
1368:
1367:The Borderers
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:Richard Nixon
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:Nigel Tranter
1193:
1188:
1186:
1185:The Borderers
1182:
1179:English poet
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1134:In literature
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Jack of plate
1117:
1113:
1112:Victorian era
1109:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:
966:
965:
964:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:
911:
910:
909:
904:
903:
901:
897:
891:
889:
885:
881:
878:and Bell are
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:
815:
814:
813:
805:
801:
798:
797:
796:
795:
794:
785:
781:
773:
769:
759:
757:
753:
743:
738:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
707:
703:
699:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:Moss troopers
604:
599:
596:
592:
588:
585:
581:
577:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
540:
536:
534:
533:warden roades
530:
526:
521:
519:
514:
505:
500:
493:Law and order
490:
488:
483:
480:
476:
472:
469:
463:
461:
453:
452:Kielder Water
449:
445:
436:
434:
430:
426:
420:
418:
414:
410:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:Low Countries
388:
384:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Galloway pony
323:
321:
317:
313:
304:
300:
299:
294:
285:
283:
279:
275:
274:
269:
264:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
220:primogeniture
215:
213:
209:
201:
197:
196:Dryhope Tower
193:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
139:
135:
130:
123:
119:
114:
110:
102:
99:
91:
81:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:David Reivers
33:
19:
3894:
3846:
3802:Clan battles
3420:MacGillivray
3226:Fotheringham
2765:Marjoribanks
2085:
2039:
2020:
2001:
1982:
1963:
1944:
1922:
1903:
1889:
1867:
1858:
1837:
1816:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:the original
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1729:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1692:
1681:
1670:
1659:
1648:
1637:
1626:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1568:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1392:
1383:
1365:
1335:
1332:Gavin Dunbar
1327:
1324:Gordon Young
1321:
1293:Upland South
1281:Scotch-Irish
1278:
1274:Scotch-Irish
1270:Ulster-Scots
1259:
1248:
1228:
1208:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1174:Moss-trooper
1167:
1161:
1128:riding boots
1105:
1098:
1085:Hetherington
1049:
1048:
1047:
963:Middle March
962:
961:
960:
907:
906:
905:
893:
892:
837:
811:
810:
809:
793:Middle March
792:
791:
790:
766:In 1587 the
765:
739:
711:
650:
637:
621:
600:
594:
586:
573:
549:
541:
537:
532:
529:march warden
522:
518:sleuth hound
510:
484:
473:
468:bastle house
464:
460:tower houses
457:
421:
407:
380:
324:
308:
296:
281:
277:
271:
265:
260:
253:
246:Northumbrian
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:
224:
216:
212:depredations
205:
144:
143:
109:
94:
88:October 2023
85:
62:
3874:Seanchaidhe
3753:and society
3643:Spottiswood
3586:Porterfield
3382:MacAlpin(e)
3346:Kirkpatrick
3272:Glendinning
2575:Livingstone
2405:Farquharson
2395:Elphinstone
1964:The Reivers
1906:. Red Fox.
1870:. Vertigo.
1793:23 November
1610:p. 581
1330:, a nod to
1322:The artist
1285:Appalachian
1235:Northumbria
1183:verse play
1144:River Tweed
1044:, Jamieson.
1005:, Laidlaw,
718:Clan Donald
674:short title
646:transported
628:passed the
619:long titled
603:Restoration
584:long titled
570:Legislation
552:Elizabeth I
475:Peel towers
425:Ancrum Moor
413:Elizabeth I
403:Solway Moss
361:, or light
339:brigandines
258:Old English
208:Middle Ages
116:Reivers at
3917:Categories
3884:Sgian-dubh
3817:Clearances
3797:Clan crest
3792:Clan badge
3782:Clan chief
3730:Whitefoord
3712:Walkinshaw
3635:Somerville
3618:Rutherford
3549:Ochterlony
3491:MacKerrell
3486:MacCulloch
3450:Macquarrie
3410:MacFarlane
3338:Kinninmont
3281:Halkerston
3278:Haliburton
3263:Gladstains
3197:Edmonstone
3178:Dennistoun
3082:Blackstock
3078:Blackadder
3037:Auchinleck
2997:Abercromby
2986:Armigerous
2965:Wedderburn
2940:Sutherland
2895:Scrymgeour
2885:Sandilands
2790:Montgomery
2785:Moncreiffe
2730:Macpherson
2720:MacNeacail
2715:Macnaghten
2670:Maclachlan
2665:Mackintosh
2635:MacDougall
2595:MacAlister
2350:Cunningham
2295:Carruthers
2285:Carmichael
2210:Arbuthnott
2205:Anstruther
2191:Clans with
2011:0748610731
1806:References
1213:(1971) by
1148:Galashiels
1074:Carruthers
1060:, Irving,
1050:West March
1009:, Turner,
997:, Croser,
989:, Oliver,
914:Scotland:
908:East March
888:armigerous
886:, also an
880:armigerous
844:Carruthers
824:Carruthers
812:West March
706:Liddesdale
497:See also:
316:Lancashire
187:Background
151:along the
72:improve it
3767:Lord Lyon
3563:Pennycook
3517:Monypenny
3507:Middleton
3464:Masterton
3440:MacLellan
3391:Macbrayne
3359:Learmonth
3356:Langlands
3342:Kirkcaldy
3304:Horsburgh
3246:Gartshore
3233:Galbraith
3229:Fullarton
3222:Forrester
3172:Dalrymple
3153:Congilton
3123:Callender
3066:Beveridge
3049:Bannatyne
3030:Armstrong
3021:Allardice
3010:Aikenhead
3001:Abernethy
2860:Robertson
2740:MacThomas
2735:MacTavish
2705:MacMillan
2690:MacLennan
2660:Mackinnon
2655:Mackenzie
2645:MacIntyre
2640:MacDowall
2605:MacDonald
2525:Johnstone
2495:Henderson
2410:Fergusson
2335:Cranstoun
2325:Colquhoun
2305:Charteris
2230:Borthwick
2220:Bannerman
2058:cite book
1295:. Author
1225:Aftermath
1062:Johnstone
1030:Stapleton
1011:Henderson
1007:Routledge
1001:, Nixon,
995:Armstrong
941:England:
928:Bromfield
872:Armstrong
860:Johnstone
832:Johnstone
804:Armstrong
756:MacDonald
687:24 Geo. 2
683:17 Geo. 2
615:14 Cha. 2
513:March law
411:), Queen
363:crossbows
351:burgonets
320:Yorkshire
312:Edinburgh
303:Tom Scott
236:The verb
76:verifying
3860:language
3851:Lowland
3812:Bagpipes
3762:Scotland
3733:Whitelaw
3724:Wauchope
3694:Turnbull
3678:Tailyour
3667:Straiton
3662:Strachan
3657:Stirling
3639:Spalding
3632:Skirving
3606:Roberton
3583:Polwarth
3575:Pitcairn
3572:Pitblado
3566:Pentland
3559:Paterson
3540:Newlands
3514:Monteith
3499:Melville
3455:Macqueen
3445:MacPhail
3425:MacInnes
3387:MacAulay
3331:Kinnaird
3237:Galloway
3217:Fletcher
3203:Falconer
3169:Dalmahoy
3162:Crawford
3149:Cockburn
3145:Clephane
3142:Clelland
3139:Chalmers
3120:Caldwell
3101:Brisbane
3025:Anderson
2955:Urquhart
2925:Stirling
2910:Sinclair
2835:Primrose
2830:Oliphant
2820:Nicolson
2795:Morrison
2770:Matheson
2745:Maitland
2680:MacLaren
2580:Lockhart
2480:Hamilton
2455:Grierson
2370:Drummond
2360:Davidson
2340:Crichton
2330:Colville
2320:Cochrane
2315:Chisholm
2300:Cathcart
2290:Carnegie
2280:Campbell
2265:Buchanan
1943:(1971).
1902:(1997).
1888:(1989).
1815:(2004).
1767:15 April
1350:See also
1317:Langholm
1042:Thompson
991:Turnbull
936:Cranston
820:Thompson
679:6 Geo. 2
591:7 Jas. 1
576:4 Jas. 1
560:James VI
417:James VI
359:longbows
282:banditti
175:and the
157:Scottish
3938:Cavalry
3827:Manrent
3751:Culture
3736:Wishart
3716:Wardlaw
3699:Tweedie
3685:Tennant
3674:Symmers
3671:Sydserf
3647:Stewart
3613:Russell
3599:Ralston
3589:Preston
3579:Pollock
3555:Paisley
3523:Moubray
3495:Meldrum
3476:Maxwell
3430:MacIver
3405:MacEwen
3400:MacDuff
3334:Kinnear
3328:Kinloch
3308:Houston
3301:Hopkirk
3295:Herries
3287:Hepburn
3260:Gibsone
3241:Gardyne
3212:Fleming
3200:Fairlie
3185:Douglas
3175:Dalzell
3166:Crosbie
3097:Boswell
3073:Bissett
3069:Binning
3062:Bethune
3058:Belshes
3046:Balfour
3040:Baillie
3013:Ainslie
2960:Wallace
2950:Trotter
2945:Swinton
2930:Strange
2900:Sempill
2880:Ruthven
2855:Riddell
2850:Rattray
2840:Pringle
2815:Nesbitt
2775:Menzies
2750:Makgill
2725:MacNeil
2695:MacLeod
2685:Maclean
2600:MacBean
2585:Lumsden
2570:Lindsay
2545:Kincaid
2535:Kennedy
2520:Jardine
2475:Haldane
2465:Guthrie
2420:Forsyth
2400:Erskine
2355:Darroch
2310:Chattan
2275:Cameron
2270:Burnett
2225:Barclay
1598:, p.598
1586:, p.417
1563:, p.195
1313:freeman
1239:Cumbria
1219:marches
1126:), and
1124:helmets
1108:tartans
1093:Hodgson
1089:Salkeld
1066:Maxwell
1038:Mitford
1003:Douglas
979:Pringle
943:Forster
920:Trotter
864:Jardine
777:clannis
772:Borders
735:manrent
716:. e.g.
670:12 Ann.
658:1 Ja. 2
525:Marches
487:barmkin
399:Flodden
387:cavalry
355:morions
347:doublet
331:Hobelar
261:rΔafian
234:reifen.
200:Selkirk
179:in the
171:in the
161:English
149:raiders
70:Please
3807:Tartan
3720:Watson
3609:Rossie
3603:Renton
3592:Purves
3552:Orrock
3546:Norvel
3543:Newton
3511:Moncur
3503:Mercer
3471:Maxton
3460:Macrae
3435:Mackie
3415:Macfie
3375:Lundin
3363:Little
3353:Lammie
3315:Inglis
3312:Hutton
3284:Halket
3207:Fenton
3194:Dunlop
3190:Duncan
3135:Cheyne
3116:Calder
3111:Cairns
3104:Butter
3052:Baxter
3034:Arnott
2970:Wemyss
2845:Ramsay
2825:Ogilvy
2810:Napier
2805:Murray
2780:Moffat
2710:Macnab
2650:Mackay
2565:Leslie
2560:Lennox
2550:Lamont
2515:Irvine
2510:Hunter
2485:Hannay
2450:Gregor
2440:Graham
2435:Gordon
2425:Fraser
2415:Forbes
2390:Elliot
2380:Dundas
2375:Dunbar
2260:Buchan
2245:Brodie
2215:Arthur
2193:chiefs
2046:
2027:
2008:
1989:
1970:
1951:
1929:
1910:
1874:
1846:
1823:
1450:Moffat
1250:Hawick
1078:Moffat
1070:Little
1058:Irvine
999:Elliot
876:Little
868:Moffat
856:Graham
852:Irvine
840:Elliot
828:Graham
800:Elliot
677:1732 (
564:Shires
395:levied
367:swords
288:Nature
254:reifen
3787:Septs
3777:Croft
3740:Young
3689:Troup
3628:Seton
3623:Schaw
3569:Peter
3537:Nevoy
3534:Nairn
3520:Mouat
3467:Maule
3372:Logie
3368:Logan
3350:Laing
3324:Kelly
3319:Innes
3291:Heron
3251:Gayre
3157:Craig
3107:Byres
3093:Blyth
3090:Blane
3086:Blair
3043:Baird
3017:Aiton
3004:Adair
2988:clans
2920:Spens
2915:Skene
2890:Scott
2865:Rollo
2800:Munro
2555:Leask
2530:Keith
2445:Grant
2385:Durie
2365:Dewar
2255:Bruce
2250:Broun
2240:Boyle
2200:Agnew
1375:Notes
1150:2011.
1018:Potts
987:Scott
975:Young
947:Selby
924:Dixon
848:Scott
752:Irish
731:Gaels
714:septs
371:dirks
252:verb
250:Scots
242:reven
238:reave
230:Reive
198:near
147:were
3822:Kilt
3727:Weir
3708:Vans
3704:Udny
3682:Tait
3595:Rait
3530:Muir
3378:Lyle
3298:Hogg
3275:Gray
3269:Glen
3266:Glas
3055:Bell
3007:Adam
2975:Wood
2905:Shaw
2875:Ross
2870:Rose
2590:Lyon
2540:Kerr
2505:Hope
2500:Home
2470:Haig
2460:Gunn
2235:Boyd
2077:link
2070:help
2044:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1872:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1795:2013
1769:2020
1303:and
1254:Duns
1237:and
1101:feud
1034:Ogle
1026:Hall
1022:Reed
983:Tait
971:Kerr
955:Dunn
951:Gray
932:Craw
916:Hume
866:and
720:and
401:and
369:and
318:and
248:and
159:and
3526:Mow
3256:Ged
3181:Don
2760:Mar
2490:Hay
1342:to
898:in
353:or
341:or
301:by
120:in
74:by
3919::
2062::
2060:}}
2056:{{
1760:.
1233:,
1130:.
1072:,
1064:,
1024:,
1020:,
977:,
973:,
953:,
949:,
945:,
934:,
930:,
926:,
922:,
918:,
874:,
862:,
858:,
854:,
850:,
846:,
842:,
830:,
826:,
802:,
737:.
462:.
373:.
329:,
284:.
183:.
2163:e
2156:t
2149:v
2079:)
2072:)
2052:.
2033:.
2014:.
1995:.
1976:.
1957:.
1935:.
1916:.
1880:.
1852:.
1829:.
1797:.
1771:.
1272:(
1166:(
1080:.
957:.
938:.
632:(
613:(
101:)
95:(
90:)
86:(
68:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
