43:
104:
118:
538:
at
Fukuoka were murdered by Japanese soldiers. These killings were motivated by the casualties and damage caused by the raid and a belief among the personnel involved that Japan would soon be invaded. Another 29 captured American airmen were murdered at Fukuoka in August 1945.
495:
tactics to destroy the cities, and were conducted as a follow-on from raids which had devastated most of Japan's major cities. Fukuoka, with a population of 323,200, was the largest city targeted in this campaign. Most of these raids were conducted by a single
558:
were dispatched, and six laid mines. Eight 505th
Bombardment Group aircraft dropped further mines off the city on 15 June. The 505th Bombardment Group struck again on 23 June, with nine B-29s laying mines. One of these aircraft was lost during the operation.
622:
The 19 June raid destroyed 1.37 square miles (3.5 km) of
Fukuoka's urban area, representing 21.5 percent of the city. Wartime Japanese reports stated that 953 people were killed in all the attacks on Fukuoka.
566:
were dispatched to lay mines near
Fukuoka harbor. Historian Robert Mann has written that it is not known how many of these aircraft dropped mines. Another minelaying operation was conducted by six B-29s from the
2581:
2520:
547:
Fukuoka harbor was targeted as part of a large-scale aerial minelaying campaign. The first minelaying operation targeting the harbor took place on 25 May 1945. 15 B-29s from the
1002:
2606:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
399:
2462:
637:
551:
were dispatched, of which 14 laid mines. All of the bombers returned to base. The 9th
Bombardment Group dropped further mines off Fukuoka harbor on 27 May.
995:
1397:
933:
Francis, Timothy Lang (November 1997). ""To
Dispose of the Prisoners": The Japanese Executions of American Aircrew at Fukuoka, Japan, during 1945".
2591:
988:
365:
2064:
1292:
515:
were assigned to attack
Fukuoka. These units dispatched a total of 239 B-29s. Of these, 223 bombed the primary target. Another four bombed
2515:
1748:
382:
191:
1647:
1502:
1307:
520:
1027:
2312:
2227:
370:
325:
1507:
1452:
1382:
1176:
1277:
1242:
1227:
491:
targeting medium-sized
Japanese cities which began in mid-June 1945 and continued until the end of the war. These attacks used
1517:
2282:
1432:
1347:
1342:
1011:
632:
279:
2371:
2329:
2222:
2217:
2202:
2007:
1795:
1487:
1457:
1437:
1352:
1267:
1196:
428:
340:
319:
314:
284:
1392:
2307:
2287:
2046:
2012:
1602:
1562:
1412:
1217:
1171:
387:
355:
350:
335:
2510:
2429:
2267:
2122:
1713:
1687:
1667:
1637:
1632:
1607:
1577:
1557:
1387:
1337:
1327:
1297:
1282:
1161:
1098:
345:
2237:
294:
2586:
2262:
2197:
2082:
2076:
2034:
1774:
1622:
1542:
1427:
1372:
1247:
1232:
971:
891:
409:
304:
239:
2296:
2192:
2070:
1826:
1816:
1697:
1677:
1627:
1617:
1592:
1497:
1402:
1332:
1181:
1093:
1057:
299:
250:
2232:
2212:
2040:
1657:
1642:
309:
269:
184:
2601:
2441:
1492:
475:
near
Fukuoka harbor on seven occasions between May and July 1945, and the city was attacked twice by American
2525:
2322:
1114:
497:
454:
414:
229:
1995:
1733:
42:
2366:
1753:
1743:
1119:
596:
274:
2117:
2000:
177:
1322:
1237:
584:
457:
1821:
1682:
1512:
2447:
1652:
1567:
1129:
568:
555:
2596:
2539:
2413:
2408:
2145:
1032:
500:
of B-29s, which allowed XXI Bomber
Command to attack four cities a night. However, Fukuoka and
461:
1222:
2554:
2052:
1831:
1442:
516:
1537:
1362:
1317:
2140:
1800:
1728:
1587:
1472:
907:. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Volume V. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
571:
on 29 July, but Mann also notes that the number which actually dropped mines is not known.
563:
548:
404:
392:
1779:
1262:
1186:
8:
2277:
2171:
1738:
1422:
1302:
1552:
1447:
1407:
1367:
980:
2435:
2302:
2247:
2155:
1769:
1146:
950:
611:
592:
512:
488:
464:
420:
360:
330:
234:
217:
136:
48:
30:
2028:
1477:
1166:
2392:
2317:
2257:
2252:
2176:
2150:
2058:
1969:
1884:
1849:
1582:
1077:
1042:
967:
908:
887:
588:
259:
1692:
1672:
1612:
1572:
1462:
1191:
501:
169:
2387:
2292:
2272:
1954:
1944:
1879:
1718:
1597:
1547:
1467:
1312:
1252:
1072:
1022:
942:
902:
580:
535:
508:
476:
264:
245:
1482:
1272:
1156:
921:
2242:
1964:
1934:
1904:
600:
528:
123:
1723:
1662:
1377:
1287:
1257:
2345:
2112:
1959:
1919:
1909:
1889:
1854:
1417:
224:
201:
1357:
2575:
1974:
1949:
1899:
1894:
1874:
912:
881:
109:
1212:
487:
The single bombing raid on Fukuoka formed part of a campaign by the USAAF's
1914:
1864:
562:
Further operations were conducted in July. On 13 July, three B-29s of the
2097:
1929:
1124:
492:
468:
205:
34:
1924:
1869:
954:
604:
554:
Fukuoka harbor was targeted again in June. On 7 June, ten B-29s of the
524:
472:
1939:
1859:
1047:
1037:
946:
603:
attacked Fukuoka harbor on 3 July. The fighters destroyed several
2582:
World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre
460:
heavy bombers on 19 June 1945. This operation formed part of the
445:
72:
534:
On 20 June, four American B-29 airmen who were being held as
471:, and destroyed 21.5 percent of the city. B-29s also dropped
76:
822:
810:
714:
504:(on 26 July) were targeted by two wings due to their size.
858:
614:
conducted a radar reconnaissance mission against Fukuoka.
1010:
846:
690:
47:
A target map of the Fukuoka area prepared by the USAAF's
666:
654:
883:
U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II: Combat Chronology
966:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.
16:
Pacific War bombing by the United States against Japan
702:
638:
Evacuations of civilians in Japan during World War II
199:
834:
798:
786:
774:
762:
920:Ealey, Mark; Yoshimura, Akira (15 February 2005).
886:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Air Force History.
750:
738:
726:
678:
2607:World War II strategic bombing by populated place
2573:
531:and Fukuoka. All of the B-29s returned to base.
919:
864:
996:
879:
828:
816:
185:
964:The B-29 Superfortress Chronology, 1934-1960
1003:
989:
901:Craven, Wesley; Cate, James, eds. (1953).
900:
852:
720:
672:
660:
192:
178:
2228:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
880:Carter, Kit C.; Mueller, Robert (1991).
2592:Battles of World War II involving Japan
2338:
932:
708:
696:
114:
2574:
1012:Strategic bombing during World War II
984:
633:Strategic bombing during World War II
173:
2105:
961:
840:
804:
792:
780:
768:
756:
744:
732:
684:
579:Fukuoka was attacked twice by USAAF
482:
2547:
904:The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki
574:
13:
873:
164:21.5 percent of the city destroyed
14:
2618:
116:
102:
41:
1:
643:
542:
455:United States Army Air Forces
648:
7:
626:
610:On 17 July a B-29 from the
597:North American P-51 Mustang
10:
2623:
865:Ealey & Yoshimura 2005
617:
388:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
2538:
2503:
2472:
2461:
2422:
2401:
2380:
2359:
2185:
2164:
2133:
2096:
2021:
1985:
1840:
1809:
1788:
1762:
1706:
1530:
1205:
1145:
1138:
1107:
1086:
1065:
1056:
1018:
935:Pacific Historical Review
829:Carter & Mueller 1991
817:Carter & Mueller 1991
585:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
458:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
213:
154:
147:
142:
135:
130:
95:
55:
40:
28:
23:
2587:June 1945 events in Asia
1028:Aerial bombing of cities
962:Mann, Robert A. (2009).
926:The Asia-Pacific Journal
591:attacked an airfield at
569:504th Bombardment Group
556:505th Bombardment Group
513:313rd Bombardment Wings
148:239 aircraft dispatched
1033:Area bombing directive
853:Craven & Cate 1953
721:Craven & Cate 1953
673:Craven & Cate 1953
661:Craven & Cate 1953
612:39th Bombardment Group
517:targets of opportunity
371:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2602:Firebombings in Japan
564:6th Bombardment Group
549:9th Bombardment Group
155:Casualties and losses
87:United States victory
1398:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
1130:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
429:Hokkaido (cancelled)
150:224 attacked Fukuoka
2473:Mandatory Palestine
922:"One Man's Justice"
723:, pp. 670–671.
699:, pp. 484–486.
1749:Rotterdam (Allied)
587:fighters from the
489:XXI Bomber Command
465:air raids on Japan
400:Naval bombardments
137:XXI Bomber Command
49:XXI Bomber Command
31:air raids on Japan
24:Bombing of Fukuoka
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2534:
2533:
2463:Mediterranean and
2457:
2456:
2355:
2354:
2092:
2091:
1865:Barrow-in-Furness
1850:Battle of Britain
1526:
1525:
1303:Freiburg (Allies)
1043:Strategic bombing
589:Seventh Air Force
483:19 June 1945 raid
451:Fukuoka dai-kūshū
437:
436:
168:
167:
91:
90:
2614:
2545:
2544:
2470:
2469:
2367:Allied Singapore
2336:
2335:
2103:
2102:
2061:(Czechoslovakia)
1744:Rotterdam (Axis)
1143:
1142:
1063:
1062:
1058:European theatre
1023:Area bombardment
1005:
998:
991:
982:
981:
977:
958:
929:
916:
897:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
599:fighters of the
581:fighter aircraft
575:Other operations
536:prisoners of war
477:fighter aircraft
453:) took place by
208:
194:
187:
180:
171:
170:
126:
122:
120:
119:
108:
106:
105:
57:
56:
45:
21:
20:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2559:
2530:
2499:
2464:
2453:
2418:
2397:
2376:
2351:
2334:
2181:
2160:
2129:
2088:
2017:
1981:
1842:
1836:
1805:
1784:
1758:
1702:
1648:Reggio Calabria
1522:
1503:Wiener Neustadt
1308:Friedrichshafen
1298:Freiburg (Axis)
1201:
1148:
1134:
1103:
1082:
1052:
1014:
1009:
974:
947:10.2307/3642234
894:
876:
874:Works consulted
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
739:
731:
727:
719:
715:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
651:
646:
629:
620:
601:Fifth Air Force
577:
545:
485:
440:
439:
438:
433:
419:
383:Mariana Islands
324:
244:
209:
200:
198:
163:
149:
117:
115:
103:
101:
79:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2372:Axis Singapore
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2123:Allied Rangoon
2120:
2113:Burma campaign
2109:
2107:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1857:
1855:Baedeker Blitz
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Kaiserslautern
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
985:
979:
978:
972:
959:
941:(4): 469–501.
930:
917:
898:
892:
875:
872:
870:
869:
857:
855:, p. 674.
845:
843:, p. 197.
833:
831:, p. 721.
821:
819:, p. 717.
809:
807:, p. 203.
797:
795:, p. 196.
785:
783:, p. 187.
773:
771:, p. 184.
761:
759:, p. 181.
749:
747:, p. 176.
737:
735:, p. 174.
725:
713:
711:, p. 472.
701:
689:
687:, p. 185.
677:
675:, p. 654.
665:
663:, p. 653.
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
635:
628:
625:
619:
616:
583:. On 23 June,
576:
573:
544:
541:
484:
481:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
417:
412:
410:South Sakhalin
407:
402:
397:
390:
385:
379:
378:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
256:
255:
242:
237:
232:
227:
225:Doolittle Raid
221:
220:
214:
211:
210:
202:Japan campaign
197:
196:
189:
182:
174:
166:
165:
160:
157:
156:
152:
151:
145:
144:
140:
139:
133:
132:
131:Units involved
128:
127:
112:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
71:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
38:
37:
33:, part of the
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2619:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:1945 in Japan
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2570:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2450:(Philippines)
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:United States
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2347:
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2320:
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2298:
2297:10 March 1945
2294:
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2110:
2108:
2104:
2101:
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2084:
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2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:(Switzerland)
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
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2027:
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2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
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1999:
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1984:
1976:
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1968:
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1941:
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1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
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1508:Wilhelmshaven
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1188:
1187:Gelsenkirchen
1185:
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973:9780786442744
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895:
893:9780912799681
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837:
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466:
463:
459:
456:
452:
448:
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430:
427:
425:
423:
418:
416:
415:Kuril Islands
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
376:
375:
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369:
367:
364:
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359:
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347:
344:
342:
339:
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334:
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318:
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308:
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176:
175:
172:
161:
159:
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146:
141:
138:
134:
129:
125:
113:
111:
110:United States
100:
99:
94:
86:
83:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2569:
2540:North Africa
2442:Kuala Lumpur
2423:Other cities
2409:Pearl Harbor
2207:
2065:Schaffhausen
2022:Other cities
1810:Soviet Union
1243:Braunschweig
1223:Aschersleben
1206:Other cities
963:
938:
934:
925:
903:
882:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
740:
728:
716:
709:Francis 1997
704:
697:Francis 1997
692:
680:
668:
656:
621:
609:
595:in Fukuoka.
578:
561:
553:
546:
533:
506:
486:
450:
443:
441:
421:
393:
289:
252:Meetinghouse
251:
96:Belligerents
63:19 June 1945
51:in June 1945
29:Part of the
2504:Other areas
2465:Middle East
2438:(Sri Lanka)
2098:Pacific War
1970:Southampton
1885:Bournemouth
1707:Netherlands
1538:Alessandria
1478:Schweinfurt
1473:SaarbrĂĽcken
1318:Halberstadt
1278:Dietzenbach
1228:Baden-Baden
605:floatplanes
493:firebombing
473:naval mines
469:Pacific War
467:during the
444:bombing of
424:(cancelled)
206:Pacific War
35:Pacific War
2576:Categories
2444:(Malaysia)
2432:(Thailand)
2313:Utsunomiya
2073:(Bulgaria)
2041:Hammerfest
1986:Yugoslavia
1955:Nottingham
1945:Manchester
1880:Birmingham
1832:Stalingrad
1734:Middelburg
1453:PeenemĂĽnde
1433:Nordhausen
1383:Königsberg
1348:Hildesheim
1263:Crailsheim
1177:DĂĽsseldorf
644:References
543:Minelaying
525:Chichijima
405:Sagami Bay
394:Starvation
326:Utsunomiya
162:953 killed
2555:Fort Lamy
2521:Gibraltar
2381:Australia
2360:Singapore
2330:Yokkaichi
2323:June 1944
2303:Toyohashi
2223:Hiratsuka
2218:Hamamatsu
2165:Indonesia
2146:Hong Kong
2141:Chongqing
2085:(Croatia)
2079:(Austria)
2049:(Finland)
2037:(Ireland)
2031:(Hungary)
2008:Podgorica
1992:Belgrade
1965:Sheffield
1935:Liverpool
1905:Clydebank
1860:The Blitz
1822:Leningrad
1796:Bucharest
1754:The Hague
1729:Enkhuizen
1719:Eindhoven
1714:Amsterdam
1553:Benevento
1488:Stuttgart
1458:Pforzheim
1448:Paderborn
1443:OsnabrĂĽck
1438:Nuremberg
1408:Magdeburg
1368:Karlsruhe
1353:Innsbruck
1343:Heilbronn
1293:Frankfurt
1268:Darmstadt
1197:Wuppertal
1147:Battle of
1048:V-weapons
1038:Firestorm
913:256469807
841:Mann 2009
805:Mann 2009
793:Mann 2009
781:Mann 2009
769:Mann 2009
757:Mann 2009
745:Mann 2009
733:Mann 2009
685:Mann 2009
649:Citations
341:Yokkaichi
331:Toyohashi
320:Hiratsuka
315:Hamamatsu
218:Air raids
2495:Tel Aviv
2414:Unalaska
2348:(Taiwan)
2339:Colonies
2308:Toyokawa
2288:Shizuoka
2177:Surabaya
2172:Sukabumi
2156:Shanghai
2118:Mandalay
2055:(Norway)
2047:Helsinki
2043:(Norway)
2029:Budapest
2013:Sarajevo
1960:Plymouth
1920:Greenock
1910:Coventry
1890:Brighton
1801:Ploiești
1739:Nijmegen
1724:Enschede
1603:Grosseto
1588:Frascati
1563:Cagliari
1518:WĂĽrzburg
1413:Mannheim
1338:Hannover
1258:Chemnitz
1218:Augsburg
1172:Duisburg
1167:Dortmund
1149:the Ruhr
1120:Le Havre
627:See also
529:Miyazaki
521:Tomitaka
422:Downfall
366:2nd Kure
361:Yokosuka
356:Kumagaya
351:Shizuoka
336:Toyokawa
275:1st Kure
143:Strength
68:Location
2511:Bahrain
2436:Colombo
2430:Bangkok
2346:Taihoku
2268:Okazaki
2248:Nagaoka
2208:Fukuoka
2151:Nanjing
1975:Swansea
1950:Norwich
1900:Cardiff
1895:Bristol
1875:Belfast
1843:Kingdom
1789:Romania
1770:Frampol
1693:Viterbo
1688:Vicenza
1673:Trieste
1668:Treviso
1638:Pescara
1633:Palermo
1613:Messina
1608:Livorno
1578:Ferrara
1573:Catania
1568:Cassino
1558:Bologna
1468:Rostock
1463:Potsdam
1423:MĂĽnster
1388:Leipzig
1328:Hamburg
1313:Giessen
1283:Dresden
1253:Breslau
1238:Bocholt
1192:Krefeld
1162:Cologne
1139:Germany
1099:Tallinn
1087:Estonia
1066:Denmark
955:3642234
618:Results
446:Fukuoka
377:Battles
346:Okazaki
290:Fukuoka
235:Nagaoka
204:of the
73:Fukuoka
2516:Cyprus
2448:Manila
2393:Darwin
2388:Broome
2318:Yawata
2283:Sendai
2278:Rabaul
2263:Numazu
2253:Nagoya
2198:Aomori
2083:Zagreb
2077:Vienna
2059:Prague
2053:Namsos
2035:Dublin
1940:London
1915:Exeter
1841:United
1780:Wieluń
1775:Warsaw
1763:Poland
1683:Verona
1653:Rimini
1623:Naples
1583:Foggia
1543:Ancona
1483:Siegen
1428:Munich
1393:LĂĽbeck
1373:Kassel
1273:Dessau
1248:Bremen
1233:Berlin
1213:Aachen
1157:Bochum
1108:France
970:
953:
911:
890:
593:Hakata
462:allied
305:Aomori
280:Sendai
260:Nagoya
240:Numazu
230:Yawata
121:
107:
84:Result
2526:Malta
2490:Jaffa
2485:Haifa
2293:Tokyo
2273:Osaka
2203:Fukui
2193:Akita
2186:Japan
2134:China
2106:Burma
2071:Sofia
1930:Leeds
1827:Minsk
1817:Gorky
1698:Zadar
1678:Turin
1663:Terni
1628:Padua
1618:Milan
1598:Gorla
1593:Genoa
1531:Italy
1513:Worms
1498:Wesel
1418:Moers
1403:Mainz
1378:Kleve
1333:Hanau
1323:Halle
1288:Emden
1182:Essen
1125:Royan
1094:Narva
1078:Rønne
951:JSTOR
502:ĹŚmuta
300:Akita
285:Fukui
265:Osaka
246:Tokyo
124:Japan
77:Japan
2548:Chad
2480:Acre
2258:Naha
2243:Kure
2238:KĹŤfu
2233:Kobe
2213:Gifu
2001:1944
1996:1941
1925:Hull
1870:Bath
1658:Rome
1643:Pisa
1548:Bari
1358:Jena
1115:Caen
1073:Nexø
968:ISBN
909:OCLC
888:ISBN
511:and
509:73rd
507:The
498:wing
442:The
310:Gifu
295:KĹŤfu
270:Kobe
60:Date
1493:Ulm
943:doi
519:in
2578::
949:.
939:66
937:.
924:.
607:.
527:,
523:,
479:.
75:,
2299:)
2295:(
1004:e
997:t
990:v
976:.
957:.
945::
928:.
915:.
896:.
867:.
449:(
193:e
186:t
179:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
