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Crimea and
Azerbaijan filled the Golden Horde's coffers with great wealth, and the Mongols replaced the sitting rulers of Bolgar and Khwarizm with their own, while the Rus' principalities in the west brought them comparatively little revenue, and they left the local princes in Rus', Armenia and Georgia in charge.
317:
itself, but had direct Mongol presence. The
Mongols eliminated the existing socio-political structure of the Volga Bolgars. During the period of Mongol domination Bolgar acquired immense wealth and many imposing buildings and grew tenfold in size. The taxation of regions such as Bolgar, Khwarizm,
1059:
874:
477:
695:
508:
269:
46:
309:
conquered the realm. After a destruction of Bilyar during the Mongol invasion, the older capital became a centre of a separate province (or duchy) within the
864:
234:
20:
322:
465:
980:
869:
688:
854:
667:
1049:
1039:
559:, but many Tatars consider Bolghar to be their ancient and religious capital and to allow a glimpse of Muslim Bulgar life before the
1054:
681:
327:
229:
1024:
750:
704:
544:
for "the City of
Bolghar". The town is part of their cultural heritage, because Volga Bulgaria is the predecessor state of the
356:(customs collector), which probably were existing offices at the time, before the Tatars retook the city. It was endangered by
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to preserve the surviving ruins, which was the first
Russian law aimed at preserving historical heritage.
708:
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36:
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673:
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716:
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A gravestone written in the
Bolghar language(amongst the Turkic Languages) with Arabic transcript
242:
World
Heritage Committee inscribed Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex (ancient Bolghar
957:
793:
453:
19:
For the modern nearby town which serves as the administrative center of
Spassky District, see
341:
844:
783:
773:
8:
891:
859:
740:
572:
Edward Tracy
Turnerelli, Kazan, the Ancient Capital of the Tartar Khans, 1854, pp 196–261
247:
489:
375:
During
Tsarist rule the site of the ancient town was settled by Russian commoners. Tsar
886:
581:
364:. As a Muslim religious center Bolgar persevered until the mid-16th century when the
947:
924:
545:
541:
391:
During the Soviet period, Bolgar was a center of a local
Islamic movement known as
365:
201:
879:
376:
929:
798:
533:
333:
287:
283:
209:
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975:
839:
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The late 14th century saw a marked decline in its fortunes. It was sacked by
148:
135:
849:
788:
724:
548:, which in turn is in a way the predecessor of today's Russian republic of
399:
310:
306:
578:
Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History
919:
778:
217:
91:
821:
735:
221:
703:
605:
1000:
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549:
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incursions along the Volga, and internecine fights, forced the Volga
243:
67:
994:
520:
295:
213:
816:
729:
369:
291:
24:
1060:
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Tatarstan
662:
239:
71:
528:
The Tatars refer to the medieval capital of Volga Bolgaria as
556:
403:
380:
357:
253:
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394:
232:. West of it lies a small modern town, since 1991 known as
220:, about 30 km downstream from its confluence with the
261:
629:
627:
625:
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kings (khagans) to intermittently move their capital to
817:
Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent
348:
briefly capture Grand Bolgar and installing their own
639:
622:
875:
Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Surroundings
257:
Hill fort before reconstruction (lithography of XIX)
216:and Nur-Suvar. It was situated on the bank of the
282:The city is supposed to have been the capital of
1016:
398:; Muslims from Tatarstan and other parts of the
212:from the 10th to the 13th centuries, along with
966:Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of Sviyazhsk
865:Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings
21:Bolgar, Spassky District, Republic of Tatarstan
606:"Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex"
870:Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture
689:
981:Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University
57:Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex
855:Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea
286:from as early as the 10th century. Regular
696:
682:
45:
372:and incorporated into the Russian state.
645:
633:
575:
519:
409:
268:
260:
252:
725:Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye
406:, so they travelled instead to Bolgar.
1017:
751:White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
121:12,101 ha (46.72 sq mi)
23:. For the historic Turkic people, see
677:
402:could not participate in the hajj to
386:
208:) was intermittently the capital of
16:UNESCO World Heritage Site in Russia
555:Today, the capital of Tatarstan is
13:
368:was conquered by the Russian Tsar
338:Muscovite–Volga Bulgars war (1376)
113:424 ha (1.64 sq mi)
14:
1071:
1050:Former populated places in Russia
1040:Archaeological sites in Tatarstan
655:
561:Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
303:Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
224:and some 130 km from modern
1005:Shared with nine other countries
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500:
488:
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440:
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169:
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1055:World Heritage Sites in Russia
705:World Heritage Sites in Russia
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537:
1:
1025:Populated places on the Volga
576:Halperin, Charles J. (1987).
566:
515:
186:Location of Bolghar in Russia
756:Historic Centre of Yaroslavl
610:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
7:
10:
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668:Bolghar ancient settlement
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38:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
989:
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915:Golden Mountains of Altai
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305:in the 13th century, the
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83:Cultural: (ii), (vi)
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265:Common view to hill fort
1030:Defunct towns in Russia
794:Volcanoes of Kamchatka
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346:Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal
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258:
746:Trinity Sergius Lavra
523:
410:Monuments and temples
313:. It lay outside the
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149:54.97889°N 49.05639°E
845:Ferapontov Monastery
784:Landscapes of Dauria
774:Central Sikhote-Alin
670:at Wikimedia Commons
362:Tokhtamysh–Timur war
273:Temples of hill fort
892:Struve Geodetic Arc
860:Virgin Komi Forests
741:Novodevichy Convent
332:in 1361 during the
248:World Heritage List
206:Болгарское городище
145: /
32:
887:Solovetsky Islands
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447:Northern mausoleum
275:
267:
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154:54.97889; 49.05639
54:Official name
30:
1012:
1011:
666:Media related to
423:Eastern mausoleum
387:Little pilgrimage
379:issued a special
195:
194:
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948:Western Caucasus
925:Putorana Plateau
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709:federal district
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546:Khanate of Kazan
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435:Khans' mausoleum
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366:Khanate of Kazan
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230:Spassky District
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118:Buffer zone
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1035:Islam in Russia
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880:Peterhof Palace
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809:North Caucasian
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377:Peter the Great
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228:in what is now
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1045:Volga Bulgaria
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930:Uvs Nuur Basin
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799:Wrangel Island
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656:External links
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530:Shahri Bolghar
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334:Great Troubles
284:Volga Bulgaria
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976:Kazan Kremlin
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840:Curonian Spit
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648:, p. 57.
647:
646:Halperin 1987
642:
636:, p. 47.
635:
634:Halperin 1987
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587:9781850430575
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471:White Chamber
467:
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459:Black Chamber
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999:Shared with
993:Shared with
970:
850:Kizhi Pogost
832:Northwestern
789:Lena Pillars
641:
613:. Retrieved
609:
600:
577:
554:
538:Шәһри Болгар
529:
527:
509:White Mosque
507:New Bolghar
495:Small manara
400:Soviet Union
392:
390:
374:
353:
349:
320:
314:
311:Golden Horde
307:Golden Horde
300:
281:
233:
197:
196:
920:Lake Baikal
779:Lake Baikal
766:Far Eastern
540:), that is
393:The Little
360:during the
326: [
323:Bulat-Timur
301:During the
288:Kievan Rus'
218:Volga River
152: /
127:Coordinates
101:2014 (38th
98:Inscription
1019:Categories
822:Naryn-Kala
736:Red Square
615:2019-08-09
567:References
516:Importance
483:Big manara
250:in 2014.
222:Kama River
140:49°03′23″E
137:54°58′44″N
1001:Lithuania
592:(e-book).
550:Tatarstan
354:tamozhnia
246:) to the
244:hill fort
88:Reference
68:Tatarstan
995:Mongolia
940:Southern
907:Siberian
897:Kenozero
79:Criteria
63:Location
971:Bolghar
730:Kremlin
717:Central
542:Persian
370:Ivan IV
342:Muscovy
278:History
202:Russian
198:Bolghar
103:Session
31:Bolghar
25:Bulgars
584:
350:doroga
336:. The
296:Bilyar
292:Bulgar
240:UNESCO
238:. The
235:Bolgar
214:Bilyar
92:981rev
72:Russia
958:Volga
557:Kazan
534:Tatar
404:Mecca
381:ukase
358:Timur
330:]
226:Kazan
582:ISBN
395:Hajj
352:and
344:and
340:saw
315:ulus
110:Area
733:and
707:by
1021::
624:^
608:.
563:.
552:.
536::
328:ru
298:.
204::
70:,
697:e
690:t
683:v
618:.
590:.
532:(
200:(
105:)
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
