600:. At first in 1147 the Papal legate Humbold recognized Bolesław as the new high duke and overlord of Poland. However, one year later, and again instigated by the intrigues of Władysław's wife Agnes, the newly Papal legate Guy arrived to the country in connection with the refusal to restore the former high duke, and declared the ban over Poland. The penalty, thanks for the cohesive support of the Polish church hierarchy by the junior dukes, was virtually without repercussions.
29:
754:. This originated another expedition in his aid by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who again invaded Poland and defeated the rebels. The high duke ordered Mieszko III to Magdeburg where peace was made with the Empire after the payment of 8,000 pieces of silver and the Silesian duchy was again granted to Bolesław I the Tall at the Emperor's mercy; despite his victory, the high duke finally accepted the autonomy of his Silesian nephews.
454:
Władysław at the Battle on the Pilicą River. The major significance of this battle was to the former voivode
Wszebor, whose military experience far exceeded the ability of Władysław's commanders. Soon, however, the situation was totally reversed as a result of the Kievan troops who entered in the country as Władysław's allies. Bolesław then had to agree to step down and renounce any pretension over the lands belonging to his mother.
131:
631:. Bolesław was in his knees and beg for forgiveness to the Emperor, in return for which he kindly received from Barbarossa the further control over the Polish lands; also, he had to pay an enormous tribute to Emperor. For unknown reasons however, despite Barbarossa's victory, Władysław II to his great disappointment was not restored in the Polish throne. Bolesław formally swore loyalty to the Emperor on
534:, a half-sister of King Conrad III, Władysław II succeeded in convincing his brother-in-law to make a military expedition to Poland. The hastily organized expedition however clashed with the reluctance of the former subjects of the deposed high duke, and was finally defeated already on the Polish border near the
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After the disaster of the
Prussian Crusade, the Silesian dukes Bolesław I the Tall and Mieszko IV Tanglefoot attempted to dethrone the high duke and to recover the Seniorate Province and thereby the Polish overlordship. Bolesław's reprisal expedition in the following year ended with a total disaster,
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Shortly afterwards another rebellion took place, this time of the Lesser Polish nobles, who were extremely dissatisfied with the harsh and dictatorial high duke's government. The rebels invited
Casimir II, then duke of Wiślica, to take the Kraków throne, but Bolesław's resistance against his younger
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The concessions of the junior dukes ultimately didn't resolve the problem. Moreover, Władysław's confidence in his forces had him embark on a final solution, the removal of his stepbrothers from their lands. Suddenly, the junior dukes could rely on the support of the high duke's all-powerful voivode
368:. The death of his older brothers, Leszek and Casimir, before 1131 and in October 1131, respectively, left him as the eldest son of their parents. Bolesław was 13 years old at the time of his father's death (1138) and of the legal age to take on the government of the lands he inherited according to
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in 1155, decided to make a new expedition to Poland, thanks to the ongoing pressures by his aunt Agnes, Władysław's wife. This time the campaign was well organized, and the
Emperor was well determined to force Bolesław IV to accept his own conditions. It's unknown why Bolesław opted for a highly
750:(the eldest son of Bolesław I the Tall), who, forced to become a priest in his early years, was barred from the Silesian succession. Unsatisfied with this, Jarosław tried to gain power and obtain his own lands. The support of this rebellion was so strong, that his father was forced to escape to
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After Henry's death, against the dispositions of the Bolesław III's
Testament, the high duke incorporated Sandomierz into the Seniorate Province. This caused the anger and frustration of his youngest brother, Casimir II the Just, who was the next in line to inherit the lands and was the only of
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against the pagans and pressured the collaboration of both the pope and the
Emperor. The initial campaigns were successful however efforts and attempts to conquer these province were finally defeated in 1166. Furthermore, during one of the battles the younger brother of the high duke, Henry of
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The war erupted with full force in 1145, and it seemed that the junior dukes were defeated and the high duke finally achieved the unification of the country. At first the combined forces of Bolesław IV and his brothers prevented the disaster and demanded a hasty reorganization of the forces of
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At the beginning of 1146 the rebellions against Władysław's government rose mighty, sparked by the fate of Piotr Włostowic. Nevertheless, the final victory of Władysław seemed likely, especially after the conquest of
Masovia (forcing Bolesław to escape) and the siege of
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Bolesław's eldest son died in 1172 aged sixteen and reportedly the high duke was devastated by his death. He was succeeded in the
Masovian-Kujavian principality by his second and only surviving son Leszek, at the age of eleven or less. As overlord and holder of
735:, and there they proclaimed Mieszko III as the new high duke and Casimir was formally invested with Sandomierz. But at the end Bolesław maintained his rule by largely accepting the demands of rebels; he divided late Henry's duchy in three parts: the lands of
650:, backed by the Emperor insisting on the agreement made with Bolesław IV, were restored in their Silesia heritage; but this return didn't affect the power of Bolesław as a high duke. Thanks to its German affinities, the senior branch of the
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brother was so strong that both parties made concessions, who led finished with any riots until the end of the high duke's reign. Casimir succeeded Bolesław in
Sandomierz upon his death in 1173 and became high duke four years later.
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462:, for whom Władysław's plans were too radical and threatened to weaken his position. While Władysław opted for a quick response against him (the voivode was blinded and muted), forcing Włostowic to go to
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Bolesław was known for his many gifts and grants to the Church. Particularly enriched thanks to him, among others were: the Church of St. Mary and St. Catherine and of St. Vincent near Wrocław, the
466:, the high duke's final decision on his confrontation with the voivode considerably weakened his position. What's more, Włostowic convinced the Kievans to break his alliance with Władysław.
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Given the difficult situation, Bolesław was forced to accept the humiliating negotiations and in a shameful ceremony on 30 August 1157, was declared a vassal of the Empire at his camp in
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security tactics of war, not defending the swampy areas in front of the middle Oder river, which was for centuries the natural defense of Poland, nor the strongholds of
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Trouble began openly in 1141, when
Dowager Duchess Salomea — without the consent of High Duke Władysław II — organized a meeting with her sons at her residence in
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The "peace" lasted only two years until 1144 when, after Salomea's death and according to Bolesław III's Testament, the Łęczyca province reverted to the
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Earlier historians believed that Leszek was born of Bolesław IV's second marriage, but after the discovery of coins where Leszek called himself
639:, and gave his younger brother, Casimir II, as a hostage. Two years later Władysław died in exile, having never returned to his country again.
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decided to make an alliance with Władysław II, reinforced by the marriage of Vsevolod's daughter Zvenislava with the high duke's eldest son,
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were taken by Bolesław, who also received the title of high duke, the western Duchy of Greater Poland was retained by his brother
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in the spring of 1146. However, thanks to the rebellion in Władysław's own lands, and the excommunication imposed to him by the
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In subsequent years, Bolesław IV along with his younger brothers bellows sought to maintain good relations with the royal
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Magdalena Biniaś-Szkopek: Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy - książę Mazowsza i princeps. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 2009.
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Initially, Bolesław also had a difficult relationship with another opposing force policy like the Hohenstaufens: the
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Casimir was supported in his rebellion by his elder brother Duke Mieszko III the Old of Greater Poland, the magnate
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903:(Greek equivalent of Bolesław IV's first wife name) this theory proved to be inaccurate. Borys Paszkiewicz,
573:. Boleslaw and Mieszko also militarily supported the Germans in the fight against the reluctant West Slavic
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and now in its entirety should be returned. The outbreak of civil war was therefore only a matter of time.
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In the first years of his government, young Bolesław remained under the strong influence of his mother and
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were granted to Casimir, Bolesław himself obtained Sandomierz proper and the rest passed to Mieszko III.
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Following the defeat by the German forces, Bolesław initiated a bold plan for the conquest of the pagan
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was not popular with Wladyslaw, who thought that the land was only temporarily separated from his
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in the several districts of Bolesław's Masovian province. The high duke proclaimed a
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16:"Bolesław IV of Poland" redirects here. For the 15th-century prince of Masovia, see
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near Łęczyca. Around 1151 he founded the Canonical Regular Kolegiata in
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so the high duke eventually had to reconcile with his Silesian nephews.
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Wszebor, who feared the ambition of his elder half-brother High Duke
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The junior dukes reassigned the Polish provinces between them. The
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nobility was on his side. In February 1168 the rebels gathered in
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A daughter (b. ca. 1160 – d. aft. 1178), married ca. 1172/73 to
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was conceived in view of the repeated seizures by more and more
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Things worsened for Bolesław in 1157, when King Conrad's nephew
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O matce Lestka Bolesławica i początkach mennictwa mazowieckiego
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region. The second important ally of the Piast prince was the
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407:. Here was decided the betrothal of her youngest daughter,
794:(b. ca. 1125 – d. 15 March ca. 1162?), daughter of Prince
561:), who had reached the Polish border in the course of the
518:, and Henry finally received his long-promised land of
565:. There, Bolesław arranged the marriage of his sister
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After the death of his first wife, Bolesław married
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
907:, Przegląd Historyczny, vol. 92 (2001), pp. 1-14.
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843:, he however was succeeded by his next brother
654:at least managed to retain its Silesian lands (
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549:, to which they invited the warlike Margrave
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712:Bolesław III' sons still without any land.
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796:Vsevolod Mstislavich of Novgorod and Pskov
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175:Learn how and when to remove this message
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
336:1122 – 5 January 1173), a member of the
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530:Thanks to the intrigues of his wife,
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51:adding citations to reliable sources
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348:from 1146 until his death in 1173.
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38:needs additional citations for
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1617:Stanisław August Poniatowski
888:40 (3), 2014, pp. 276-291.
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802:Bolesław (b. 1156 – d. 1172)
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1333:Władysław III Spindleshanks
886:Journal of Medieval History
880:D. von Güttner-Sporzyński,
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257:5 January 1173 (aged 51)
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282:Leszek, Duke of Masovia
266:Viacheslava of Novgorod
62:"Bolesław IV the Curly"
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538:river in August 1146.
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674:) without problems.
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372:, the newly created
330:Bolesław Kędzierzawy
47:improve this article
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140:possibly contains
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35:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
1689:
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1529:John I Albert
1527:
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1497:
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1488:
1486:
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1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1460:Piast dynasty
1456:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:Wenceslaus II
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
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1293:Fragmentation
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1228:Piast dynasty
1225:
1219:
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1197:
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1188:
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1095:
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1076:
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1054:
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1045:
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1026:
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1020:
1016:
1011:
1002:
1001:
994:
988:
984:
975:
974:
970:
964:
960:
955:
948:
943:
942:
941:Piast Dynasty
933:
927:
923:
919:
918:
906:
902:
896:
890:
887:
883:
877:
873:
863:
860:
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848:
846:
842:
838:
832:
830:
822:
819:
816:
812:
808:
804:
801:
800:
799:
797:
793:
783:
781:
777:
773:
770:monastery in
769:
759:
755:
753:
749:
744:
740:
738:
734:
730:
729:Lesser Polish
726:
722:
718:
713:
704:
701:
697:
696:Baltic tribes
693:
689:
685:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
633:Christmas Day
630:
625:
623:
619:
614:
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606:
601:
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595:
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588:
584:
580:
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568:
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560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
526:Interventions
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
495:and later to
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
467:
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455:
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432:
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385:
383:
379:
376:(composed of
375:
371:
367:
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359:
349:
347:
343:
339:
338:Piast dynasty
331:
327:
323:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
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294:Piast dynasty
292:
290:
286:
283:
280:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
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165:February 2024
158:
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150:
144:
143:
138:This article
136:
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126:
117:
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106:
103:February 2024
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
1652:1120s births
1629:
1612:Augustus III
1389:
1312:
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1255:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1049:
1022:
998:
993:Władysław II
967:
962:
953:
946:
939:
904:
900:
895:
881:
876:
833:
826:
809:, Prince of
789:
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681:
641:
626:
602:
591:
540:
529:
505:
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393:Władysław II
386:
380:and eastern
355:
321:
320:
171:
162:
139:
109:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
1657:1173 deaths
1607:Stanisław I
1383:Przemysł II
792:Viacheslava
768:Benedictine
594:Roman Curia
557:(the later
516:Mieszko III
429:Kievan Rus'
222:Predecessor
1646:Categories
1524:Casimir IV
1167:Leszko III
1052:Sandomierz
815:Dorohychyn
772:Trzemeszno
629:Krzyszkowo
607:, crowned
520:Sandomierz
501:Conrad III
444:Casimir II
352:Early life
149:improve it
73:newspapers
1534:Alexander
1458:Restored
1390:See also:
1236:Mieszko I
1218:Siemomysł
1185:Chościsko
1180:Popiel II
1160:Leszko II
1132:Krakus II
1109:Legendary
963:New title
868:Footnotes
780:Czerwińsk
733:Jędrzejów
684:Prussians
637:Magdeburg
596:under of
585:margrave
547:Kruszwica
232:Successor
153:verifying
1348:Konrad I
1278:Zbigniew
1208:Siemowit
1174:Popiel I
1153:Leszko I
1125:Krakus I
1050:Duke of
949:ca. 1123
851:See also
774:and the
672:Racibórz
1630:Italics
1496:Jadwiga
1246:Bezprym
1139:Lech II
973:Kuyavia
841:Gniezno
737:Wiślica
700:crusade
660:Legnica
656:Wrocław
609:emperor
497:Germany
493:Bohemia
405:Łęczyca
389:Voivode
382:Kuyavia
378:Masovia
262:Spouses
249:c. 1122
147:Please
87:scholar
1295:period
1213:Lestek
1118:Lech I
983:Leszek
952:
924:
862:Macław
837:Kraków
821:Leszek
811:Shumsk
752:Erfurt
725:Kraków
688:Baltic
664:Głogów
618:Głogów
583:Wettin
575:Lutici
567:Judith
512:Kraków
477:Poznań
362:Poland
340:, was
326:Polish
310:Mother
300:Father
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1146:Wanda
1044:Henry
954:Died:
947:Born:
829:Maria
668:Opole
622:Bytom
579:Spree
440:Henry
417:dower
411:, to
409:Agnes
289:House
277:Issue
270:Maria
214:Reign
94:JSTOR
80:books
971:and
922:ISBN
839:and
813:and
670:and
646:and
620:and
571:Otto
536:Oder
464:Kiev
442:and
254:Died
246:Born
66:news
1012:and
635:in
611:by
479:in
384:).
360:of
151:by
49:by
1648::
884:,
847:.
782:.
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334:c.
332:;
328::
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1079:v
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110:(
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101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
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20:.
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