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457:. However, the fall of France provided the German occupying forces with access to the French Atlantic coast, and between 1940 and 1942, many blockade running trips succeeded in delivering cargoes of critical war supplies - especially crude rubber - through the port of Bordeaux; a trade that increased with the entry of Japan into the war in December 1941. Allied attempts to disrupt these operations initially had only a limited effect; as in
100:
320:. The blockade played a major role in the Union's victory over the Confederate states, though historians have estimated the supplies brought by blockade runners to the Confederacy lengthened the duration of the war by up to two years. By the end of the American Civil War, Union warships had captured more than 1,100 blockade runners and had destroyed or run aground another 355.
461:. From 1943, however, improved Allied air superiority over the Bay of Biscay rendered blockade running by surface ships effectively impossible. By some counts, during the war Germans sent 32 (surface) blockade runners to Japan, only 16 of them reaching their destination. Later in the war, most of the trade between Germany and Japan was by cargo submarine.
309:. In concert with Confederate interests, British investors ordered the construction of steamships that were longer, narrower and considerably faster than most of the conventional steamers guarding the American coastline, thus enabling them to outmaneuver and outrun blockaders. Among the more notable was the
134:. It is usually light and fast, using stealth and speed rather than confronting the blockaders in order to break the blockade. Blockade runners usually transport cargo, for example bringing food or arms to a blockaded city. They have also carried mail in an attempt to communicate with the outside world.
137:
Blockade runners are often the fastest ships available, and come lightly armed and armored. Their operations are quite risky since blockading fleets would not hesitate to fire on them. However, the potential profits (economically or militarily) from a successful blockade run are tremendous, so
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are able to run blockades due to the partial nature of the blockade, or because the navy imposing the blockade is weak and under-equipped. Reminiscent of earlier German attempts, drug smugglers have used
588:, were converted into blockade runners, using winter darkness and high speed to penetrate the German maritime blockade. Larger Norwegian ships succeeded in escaping through the blockade to Britain in
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In modern times, tracking equipment such as radar, sonar, and reconnaissance satellites make evading a total blockade by a world power nearly impossible. Drug smugglers and groups like the
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played a major role in
Confederate blockade running. British merchants had conducted significant amounts of trade with the South prior to the war, and were suffering from the
523:
A small number of planes succeeded in flying between the Axis-controlled Europe and the
Japanese-controlled parts of Asia. The first known flight was by an Italian
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to cut off the
Confederacy's overseas trade. Twelve major ports and approximately 3,500 miles of coastline along the Confederacy were patrolled by roughly 500
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397:. In particular the North Sea blockade made it nearly impossible for surface ships to leave Germany for the then neutral United States and other locations.
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During World War II, trade between Sweden (which remained neutral throughout the war) and
Britain was severely curtailed by the German blockade of the
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512:), to Bordeaux with a cargo of rubber. The hope was that maintaining a sharp 24-hour lookout they could evade the Allied blockade.
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148:, blockade-runners are often operated by state's navies as part of the regular fleet, and states having operated them include the
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Blockade runners in the
American Revolution eluded the British naval blockades in order to supply resources to the army.
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successfully ran the
British North Sea blockade and docked, heavily damaged, in Batavia, Dutch East Indies (now called
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blockades of its ports and strongholds. At one point, blockade runners brought in the only food reaching the city of
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A number of
Italian ships, interned in Spain after Italy entered the war in June 1940, crossed the
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51:
757:"Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years"
412:
970:
History of the
Confederate States navy from its organization to the surrender of its last vessel
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To transfer technology to
Imperial Japan, on 25 March 1945 Nazi Germany dispatched a submarine,
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that completed more than 20 successful runs through the Union blockade before being captured.
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864:"SURVIVED BRITISH SHELLS.; German Blockade Runner, Almost a Sieve, Sailed from Africa to Java"
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was in China when the war started. On Nov. 23, 1942, she attempted to sail from
Batavia (now
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Coker, P. C., III. Charleston's Maritime Heritage, 1670-1865: An Illustrated History
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straits between Norway and the northern tip of Denmark. In order to import vital
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In 1917 Germany tried unsuccessfully to supply their forces in Africa by sending
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Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States § Blockade runners
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835:, London. 5 September 1867 citing Official Ottoman report of the incident.
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There were numerous blockades and attempts at blockade running during the
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also controlled many of the neutral ports in the Caribbean, most notably
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engaged in war at sea and shipped provisions to keep the city supplied.
918:(in Italian). Roma: Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare. p. 185.
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These vessels brought badly needed supplies, especially firearms, and
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dispatched blockade runners to seek reinforcements from Athens.
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blockade-runners typically had excellent crews. Although having
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List of ships captured in the 19th century § American Civil War
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in December 1868, just about the time the rebellion collapsed.
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99:
889:
Collision of Empires: Britain in Three World Wars, 1793–1945
810:. Richard Frajola, philatelist and historian. Archived from
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328:
Greek blockade runners supplied the Christians during the
846:"German U-boat WWI Blockade Runners « War and Game"
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The blockade was run with cargo submarines, also called
270:, blockade running became a major enterprise for the
658:, first invented for blockade running in World War I
168:
640:, the route and means of delivering material by an
221:, the blockade runners who came to be known as the
453:On the outbreak of war, the Royal Navy imposed a
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416:, which reached the then neutral United States.
939:"Ahoy - Mac's Web Log - Blockade Runner Ramses"
961:. Charleston, S.C.: Coker-Craft, 1987. 314 pp.
393:, most notably Germany, were blockaded by the
356:(Unification), which was detained in Syros by
685:film series, referred to as a blockade runner
228:
974:Joseph McDonough, Albany, N.Y. p. 824.
881:
879:
877:
775:
534:, according to various sources, either from
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27:Merchant ship used to evade a naval blockade
911:
255:A Confederate blockade runner at anchor at
184:
870:. 5 November 1916 – via NYTimes.com.
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672:Swedish overseas trade during World War II
623:Blockade runners of the American Civil War
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247:Blockade runners of the American Civil War
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87:Learn how and when to remove this message
578:for the British aircraft industry, five
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50:This article includes a list of general
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1021:
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213:During the 14th century, while Queen
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340:, sunk by the Ottoman sloop-of-war
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778:"The Confederate Blockade Runners"
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56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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613:) in their smuggling operations.
169:Ancient Greece, Peloponnesian War
30:For the book by Jules Verne, see
370:Prohibition in the United States
41:
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892:, Continuum, pp. 581–582,
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385:Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)
332:. Names of the ships include:
848:. 3 March 2008. Archived from
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703:Ancient siege warfare (p. 294)
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486:bound for Germany and Norway.
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912:Notarangelo, Rolando (1977).
782:United States Naval Institute
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679:, fictional spaceship in the
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501:completed a similar mission.
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150:Confederate States of America
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177:. With his fleet blockaded,
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997:The Confederate States Navy
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808:"Confederate blockade mail"
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776:Paul Hendren (April 1933).
755:David Keys (24 June 2014).
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592:but later attempts failed.
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472:and some of them, such as
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229:American Revolutionary War
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715:"Hamilcar Barca - Livius"
455:naval blockade of Germany
330:Cretan revolt (1866–1869)
324:Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)
217:'s forces were besieging
156:, and Germany during the
122:used for evading a naval
295:Lancashire Cotton Famine
185:Ancient Rome, Punic Wars
1001:Lulu.com. p. 466.
995:Wyllie, Arthur (2007).
915:Navi mercantili perdute
562:Allied blockade runners
389:During World War I the
71:more precise citations.
886:Harvey, A. D. (1992),
525:Savoia-Marchetti SM.75
263:
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638:Airbridge (logistics)
574:from Sweden, such as
520:caught and sank her.
482:, dashed through the
449:Blockade Runner Badge
443:Axis blockade runners
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215:Margaret I of Denmark
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701:Kern, Paul Bentley:
32:The Blockade Runners
966:Scharf, John Thomas
427:) on May 13, 1916.
402:merchant submarines
223:Victual Brotherhood
197:attempted to evade
195:Carthaginian Empire
144:similar to that of
868:The New York Times
656:Merchant submarine
459:Operation Frankton
268:American Civil War
264:
241:American Civil War
154:American Civil War
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1008:978-0-615-17222-4
607:semi-submersibles
532:flew in July 1942
344:in August 1867);
336:(named after the
175:Peloponnesian War
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550:. Later, German
504:The German ship
338:Arkadi Monastery
318:Confederate mail
235:French naval aid
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67:this article by
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818:17 November
407:Deutschland
379:World War I
374:Rum-running
311:CSS Advance
303:the Bahamas
274:due to the
272:Confederacy
266:During the
237:was vital.
189:During the
152:during the
69:introducing
1023:Categories
899:1852850787
797:pp.479-480
729:2020-03-26
690:References
677:Tantive IV
596:Modern era
585:Gay Viking
546:Island to
536:Zaporozhye
528:Marsupiale
447:See also:
383:See also:
368:See also:
284:Union Navy
209:Middle age
199:Roman navy
191:Punic Wars
164:In history
158:World Wars
52:references
1029:Blockades
682:Star Wars
568:Skagerrak
480:Eugenio C
475:Fidelitas
219:Stockholm
146:smugglers
77:July 2011
968:(1894).
617:See also
572:materiel
542:or from
530:, which
516:Adelaide
470:Bordeaux
334:Arkadion
203:Carthage
124:blockade
642:airlift
548:Rangoon
510:Jakarta
425:Jakarta
342:Izzedin
307:Bermuda
286:ships.
261:Bermuda
108:Banshee
65:improve
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978:
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544:Rhodes
540:Baotou
518:(1918)
506:Ramses
413:Bremen
354:Enosis
352:; and
297:. The
193:, the
132:strait
110:, 1863
54:, but
514:HMAS
492:U-234
421:Marie
346:Hydra
126:of a
118:is a
1014:Url1
1003:ISBN
990:Url2
987:Url1
976:ISBN
894:ISBN
820:2010
745:p.22
650:Lark
648:CSS
478:and
419:The
410:and
372:and
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289:The
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