128:, called Medicine Lodge by the Blackfoot in English, in which sacrifices would be made to Sun. According to the legend the ceremony, the Sun Dance, was started when a human woman, named Feather-woman fell in love with Morning Star, the child of Sun and Moon. After plucking the sacred turnip she and her half-divine son were banished from the Sky-Country, and eventually she died leaving her son, PoĂŻa (Scar-Face), orphaned. Eventually he makes his way back to Sky-Country and because his grandparents, Sun and Moon, took mercy on him he honored them by doing the Sun Dance once a year. These sacrifices ranged from offering sweat, through the use of sweat lodges to actual offerings of flesh, for example men from the tribe would rip off ropes tied to their skin as sacrifices to Sun. The Medicine Lodge would require the Blackfoot to promise vows of eventual sacrifice to Sun throughout the year after requesting protection from war or for family members, or after praying for the health of the tribe.
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for some time. When she returned to the bison, her husband smelled another person and, gathering his herd, found the father and trampled him to death. The woman cried and her husband said that if she could bring her father back to life, they could both return to their tribe. The woman asked the magpie to find a piece of her father's body; he found a piece of his spine. The woman covered the bone with her robe and sang a song. She was successful and her father was reincarnated. Impressed, the woman's husband taught them a dance which would attract the bison and ensure success in the hunt and which would restore the dead bison to life, just as the woman had restored her father to life. The father and daughter returned to their tribe and taught a small group of men, eventually known as
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personified by the mystical Napi, or Old Man. Napi was said to have been sent by the Nah-too-si to teach people how to live a sinless life, like he and his wife, Ksah-koom-aukie, Earth Woman. A-pi-su'-ahts(early riser) was the only surviving child of Sun and Moon, after the rest were attacked and killed by pelicans. Napi is said to have given the
Blackfoot visions and, by implication,
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as that of medicine bundles. The physical world is seen as just a glimpse of the spiritual dimension, which is actually the true reality. The
Blackfoot people name themselves "Real People" in comparison to anyone that does not possess the ability to communicate with the spirit world like the members of the Blackfoot tribe.
205:. Fasting and dressed in a bison headdress, the shaman led a group of people at the head of a V formation. He attracted the herd's attention and brought them near the cliff; they were then scared by other men hiding behind them, who waved their robes and shouted. The bison ran off the cliff and died at the rocks below.
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There are three subsections for which minor deities(and/or personifications of nature and animals) are placed into: Above
Persons, Ground Persons, and Under Water Persons. Deities such as Thunder, Wind Maker, and Cold Maker were worshipped to influence certain changes in nature like bringing rain and
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The numbers four and seven, the cardinal directions, the six principle points and center, are important in
Blackfoot mythology. Communication is believed to occur between the supernatural world and Blackfoot through visions of guardian spirits, during which songs and ceremonies may be imparted, such
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to search for his daughter and tell her where he was. The magpie found the woman and told her where her father was located. The woman met her father but refused to go home, frightened that the bison would kill her and her father; she said to wait until they were all asleep and would not miss her
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According to legend, at one point the bison refused to go over the cliff. A woman walking underneath the cliff saw a herd right on the edge and pledged to marry one which jumped down. One did so and survived, turning into many dead buffalo at the bottom of the cliff. The woman's people ate the
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In
Blackfeet Indian mythology, the supernatural world is dominated by the Sun. The Sun (Nah-too-si; Super powered or Holiness) is equated with the Creator (Apistotoke) by some anthropologists. The Creator is said to have created the earth and everything in the universe. Nah-too-si is sometimes
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are believed to be a type of ghost, specifically the ghosts of cruel men and women. Most of the deceased are said to live in certain parts of the hills, but the Sta-au are said to hang around camps. They are believed to cause bad luck and harm to living people, especially in the morning.
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meat and the young woman left with the buffalo. Her father went in search of her. When he stopped to rest, he told a
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Nettl, Bruno (1989). Blackfoot
Musical Thought: Comparative Perspectives. Ohio: The Kent State University Press.
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Buffalo Bill Center of the West. (2019). Plains Indian Museum: Buffalo & the People - Hunt. Available at:
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The typical hunting method was to drive a herd off of a cliff, and butcher them after they died at the bottom.
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Indiandancing.weebly.com. (2019). Plains Indian
Buffalo Dance - Native American Dancing. Available at:
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369:, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=14233&itemid=WE43&articleId=359288. Accessed 7 Oct. 2021.
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Historically, one of the primary sources of food many other needs for the
Blackfoot was the
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519:"Blackfoot Lodge Tales: The Story of a Prairie People by George Bird Grinnell"
480:"Blackfoot Lodge Tales: The Story of a Prairie People by George Bird Grinnell"
257:"Creation". Blackfootcrossing.Ca, 2018, by Blackfoot Crossing Historical Park
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244:"Natosi, The Blackfoot Sun God (Natos, Notos)". Native-Languages.Org, 2015,
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https://indiandancing.weebly.com/plains-indian-buffalo-dance.html
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War against the Crow and Gros Ventre (circa 1861–1867)
381:"The Myths and Legends of the North American Indians"
273:"Oklahoma Seminoles: Medicines, Magic, and Religion"
171:, colloquially referred to as the "buffalo", and as
363:Encyclopedia of Native American History, Volume 1
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887:Peace with the Cree, circa 1871, (symbolized by
570:https://centerofthewest.org/exhibit/pim-buffalo/
459:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
183:. The Buffalo Dance commemorates this reliance.
898:US land annexation, migration to Canada (1874)
271:Sattler, Richard A.; Howard, James H. (1985).
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259:http://www.blackfootcrossing.ca/creation.html
147:and made the first war-time killing with an
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436:, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 184–188
345:, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 184–188
851:1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic
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246:http://www.native-languages.org/natosi.htm
680:Amskapi Pikuni, South Piegan or Blackfeet
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66:Learn how and when to remove this message
29:This article includes a list of general
434:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion
343:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion
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455:"Genocide and American Indian History"
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670:Piikani, Northern Peigan or Blackfoot
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35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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310:LaPier, Rosalyn R. (2017-09-01).
218:("all compatriots"), the dances.
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751:Fort Belknap Indian Reservation
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428:Lokensgard, Kenneth H. (2014),
385:The Journal of Race Development
361:Block, Michael D. “Blackfeet.”
337:Lokensgard, Kenneth H. (2014),
189:The night before the hunt, the
453:Ostler, Jeffrey (2015-03-02),
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143:is said to be the inventor of
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908:Starvation winter (1883–1884)
870:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
861:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
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745:Blackfeet Indian Reservation
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856:1837–1838 smallpox epidemic
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484:Western American Literature
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100:and came to participate in
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876:Battle of the Belly River
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461:, Oxford University Press
132:Other deities and spirits
963:Native American religion
878:(against the Cree, 1870)
517:Crooks, Alan F. (1966).
478:Crooks, Alan F. (1966).
406:2027/uiug.30112052589550
913:Sweetgrass Hills Treaty
367:American Indian History
365:, Facts On File, 2011.
124:Ceremonies include the
50:more precise citations.
379:Spence, Lewis (1915).
261:. Accessed 3 Apr 2019.
248:. Accessed 3 Apr 2019.
88:who currently live in
698:Gros Ventre or Atsina
640:Blackfoot Confederacy
535:10.1353/wal.1966.0018
496:10.1353/wal.1966.0018
102:Plains Indian culture
813:Gros Ventre language
675:Siksika or Blackfoot
193:ceremonially smoked
904:(with Canada, 1877)
847:(circa 1730s-1800s)
704:TsuutĘĽina or Sarcee
227:Blackfoot mythology
884:(by US Army, 1870)
828:Blackfoot religion
818:TsuutĘĽina language
808:Blackfoot language
656:Blackfoot-speaking
430:"Blackfoot Nation"
339:"Blackfoot Nation"
316:. UNP - Nebraska.
197:and prayed to the
181:Blackfoot language
968:Blackfoot culture
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700:(circa 1793–1861)
647:Tribes or Nations
323:978-1-4962-0240-6
313:Invisible Reality
216:I-kun-uh'-kah-tsi
137:stopping storms.
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783:Siksika 146
778:Piikani 147
726:Communities
203:sweet grass
98:Great Lakes
48:introducing
957:Categories
893:Poundmaker
872:(with USA)
863:(with USA)
465:2021-11-10
440:2021-11-10
391:(1): 107.
349:2021-11-10
283:(4): 403.
232:References
56:March 2013
31:references
843:War with
773:Blood 148
543:1948-7142
504:1948-7142
415:1068-3380
297:0014-1801
126:Sun Dance
108:Cosmology
81:Blackfeet
932:Category
902:Treaty 7
895:in 1873)
889:Crowfoot
845:Shoshone
766:(Canada)
763:Reserves
222:See also
177:iinĂĂksi
942:Commons
837:History
801:Culture
195:tobacco
179:in the
151:stick.
145:tobacco
94:Alberta
90:Montana
44:improve
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211:magpie
191:shaman
175:; pl.
156:Sta-au
33:, but
173:iinĂĂ
149:aspen
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587:ISBN
539:ISSN
500:ISSN
411:ISSN
318:ISBN
293:ISSN
154:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.