589:
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soldiers primarily as
American. The Stormont government refused to enact segregation laws at the behest of the American military, though there were instances of unofficial segregation and racism, largely drawn from ignorance. It is suggested that there was, however, differing treatment of white American and black American troops by the Northern Irish population, especially in the later years of the war. The lack of a color bar, by and large, in treatment in Northern Ireland led to feelings that equality was attainable at home as it was abroad. Many women who involved themselves in relationships with American soldiers, black or white, risked ostracism by their community. Much media coverage of black American troops relied heavily on stereotypes, even when coverage was largely positive. Despite the Stormont Government not keeping records of the births of mixed-race children, official and unofficial sources note the birth of several. The equal treatment between white and black soldiers was also noted as causing significant anger among the white soldiers.
672:, specifically from 1942 until 1945, a large number of Black American soldiers were stationed across the UK. Predominantly rural positions of their military bases often resulted in mixed-race relationships between White British and Irish women and African American GIs. These relations rarely lead to marriage, although frequently to pregnancies. Children of such alliances often ended up in Mother and Baby Homes, given up for adoption, although some remained in their mothers' families, despite being a product of war-time affairs. However, mixed-race babies were not only children of American GIs, but also of African students.
433:
of the student population. Many of these schemes were facilitated using links between Irish missionary organizations. This also included military training, with a military college taking on a delegation of
Zambian cadets in 1967, citing Ireland's lack of a history of imperialism. Their stay was mostly temporary since many returned to their countries after graduating and gaining sufficient skills to prosper back home. However, throughout the 1960s until roughly the 1990s, the African population in Ireland, although remaining relatively small, consisted not only of students but of visitors and professionals, like doctors.
1170:
684:(TD) or Senator of African descent. Likewise, there has never been any Black cabinet member, or leader of a major government institution. Black people are underrepresented in Irish politics. A number of reasons are suggested for this lack of representation, including that people of African descent tend to be younger than the rest of the population, the PR-STV voting system failing to facilitate representation of minorities not clustered in a single geographic area, as well as the highly personalised nature of Irish politics being difficult for immigrants to make vital political connections.
1358:
566:
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of family history. Mixed-race children were subject to discrimination in these institutions, with fewer being offered for adoption at the same rate as White Irish babies. Many were sent to 'reject wards' for children deemed 'unadoptable' on the basis of their skin color. A report into the Mother and Baby Homes denied there was racial discrimination within these institutions.
665:
In 1930 Muriel
Fletcher, a social scientist, produced a similar report, although focusing on the psychological aspects of mixed-race relationships and their children. Both investigations concluded that the physical and moral characteristics of mixed-race children are defective and will prevent them from integrating into society in the future.
733:, originally from Malawi, ran for Dublin's North Inner City constituency with the Social Democrats during the 2019 Local Elections, becoming the first former asylum seeker to seek election in the Republic of Ireland. She failed to get elected, after discrepancies in her timeline for application for asylum emerged.
310:
Some Black people who settled in
Ireland assimilated into the wider Irish population, including entering into mixed marriages and having children with white Irish people. 'Mulatto Jack' was also a child of interracial marriage. Abducted from Ireland in the early 18th century, he was subsequently sold
2011:
Behind the scenes, another former
Trinity debater, the Nigerian foreign minister, Jaja Wachuku, persuaded the British and US governments to intervene. Wachuku, who wore his Trinity College tie at cabinet meetings, had been a leading member of the College Historical Society in the 1940s, where he won
664:
in 1924. It investigated the physical appearances of Black Irish children and described their unique features in terms of race. They highlighted the "otherness" of these children by closely comparing their features to those of purely
British children, suggesting they could never look or be the same.
432:
In the mid-20th century, the Irish government ran schemes aimed at attracting students from
African nations, with the aim of providing them with skills that would be useful in the growth of newly independent countries. In 1962, there were 1,100 African students in Ireland, comprising roughly a tenth
652:
It was noted that approximately 275 mixed-race children were born and held in Mother and Baby Homes between 1922 and 1998. Pregnancies between White Irish and black couples rarely resulted in marriage, with resulting children often taken into these institutions, leaving them with incomplete records
294:
in a near-death condition and assisting his recovery. Subsequently, Lord
Fitzgerald returned to Ireland, where Tony Small became a dear friend to the family. Later, on a trip to London, Tony met his future wife, a French maid named Julia. The couple later had three children, Moirico, Harriet Pamela
781:
Immigration from Africa has been noted as increasing the numbers of
Protestant adherents in Ireland, contributing to the reversal in the decline of numbers. A number of Catholic priests are also noted as immigrating to Ireland from African nations, owing to the declining amount of priests in Irish
503:. For non-EU persons, this led to restrictive laws and hundreds of deportations annually of those not qualifying for asylum or admission. Some failed asylum cases received considerable media attention, such as that of Pamela Izevbekhai, who claimed that her daughters were likely to be subjected to
471:
as allowing parents who were not Irish citizens to remain in the state based on the rights of their Irish-born citizen children. In 2001 the government under
Taoiseach Bertie Ahern sent Tánaiste Mary Harney on a world trip to invite people to come to Ireland. Harney visited 5 countries in Africa,
298:
Although many Black servants in Anglo-Irish households were enslaved Africans, not all of the few Black people in Ireland during this period were enslaved. Many were independent domestic workers, travelling musicians, artists, soldiers and tradesmen. Others were servants who received a salary and
491:
The 2006 Irish census recorded 40,525 people of Black African ethnicity and 3,793 people of any other Black background resident in the Republic out of a total population of 4,172,013, meaning that 1.06 percent of the population self-identified as Black. The preliminary results of the 2011 census
277:
families to take Black servants into their households as a sign of wealth and prestige. In particular, having a young Black servant attend an Anglo-Irish lady of the house was considered a sign of exceptional wealth and high position in society. One of the most well-known Black servants in
604:
A number of African American soldiers were stationed in Northern Ireland as part of American involvement in World War II. The reaction of those in Northern Ireland was 'largely color-blind', with acceptance generally offered from both Catholic and Protestant communities, who viewed the visiting
264:
areas. Increases in immigration have led to the growth of the community across Ireland. According to the 2022 Census of Population, 67,546 people identify as Black or Black Irish with an African background, whereas 8,699 people identify as Black or Black Irish with any other Black background.
629:, of the total population of Northern Ireland (1,685,267), 255 people described their ethnicity as Black Caribbean, 494 as Black African and 387 as Other Black, meaning that the total Black population was 1,136. These figures do not include individuals who described themselves as being of
3000:
Zainab was born in Lagos, Nigeria but has lived in Ennis since she was four-years-old. The 20-year-old went to primary school in Scoil ChrĂost RĂ, Cloughleigh and spent the first three years of secondary school in Gaelcholáiste an Chláir, Ennis, where she became a
644:, the EU-funded Afro-Community Support Organisation Northern Ireland (ACSONI) was formed in 2003 to represent the views of black people. ACSONI prepared a report in 2011 on other residents' perceptions and general knowledge of Africa and Africans.
492:
recorded 58,697 people of Black African ethnicity and 6,381 people of any other Black background resident in the Republic out of a total population of 4,525,281, meaning that 1.42 per cent of the population self-identified as Black.
239:
descent. Black people, Africans and people of African descent have lived in Ireland in small numbers since the 18th century. Throughout the 18th century they were mainly concentrated in the major cities and towns, especially in the
315:. After helping plot a slave rebellion, he was discovered by the colonists, and his release was negotiated for several months until agreed upon provided his instant deportation back to Ireland. The Black Irish singer
1980:
The five portraits painted by Irish artist Mick O'Dea feature Trinity graduates Conor Cruise O'Brien, Frederick Boland, Owen Sheehy Skeffington, Mary Harney and Jaja Wachuku, Nigeria's first foreign minister.
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729:. Adenuga was the first Black female councillor elected in Ireland. In 2021, Adejinmi unsuccessfully sought the Fianna Fáil nomination for the 2021 Seanad By-Election. Former asylum seeker
588:
2412:
4566:
2012:
a medal for oratory. Wachuku was honoured posthumously as a "hero of the struggle for Nigeria's independence" who helped persuade competing factions to press for independence in 1957.
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unsuccessfully sought nomination to contest the Presidential Election, failing to be nominated by either councils or the Oireachtas. Sharkey ran on an anti-immigration platform.
472:
including Nigeria and South Africa which eventually saw many people migrating to Ireland. This automatic granting of residency ceased in 2007, following a decision of the
2927:
1452:
2252:
480:, and the large amount of immigration between the United Kingdom and the Republic, the vast majority of Black people in Ireland are immigrants (or descended from)
2316:
Topping, Simon (2013). ""The Dusky Doughboys": Interaction between African American Soldiers and the Population of Northern Ireland during the Second World War".
1962:
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boom of 1992–2007 also increased immigration into Ireland from all parts of the world, including Africa, and this led to delays in processing applications at the
2227:
1993:
617:, as part of British Army deployments. A small number of the 3,000 victims of violence during The Troubles were black, both British Army soldiers and civilians.
485:
279:
3157:
2050:
573:
There are a number of challenges noted by Ireland's Black people, including casual racism, persistence of stereotypes, and inequal treatment in education.
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system, an intake system for asylum seekers that has been frequently condemned for its drawn-out processing timelines and poor quality of life.
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than most of the country. The town of Gort, County Galway, is home to a large Brazilian population, including Black and mixed-race individuals.
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were considered free people. A small number of formerly enslaved Black Americans relocated to Ireland. In addition to Tony Small, the preacher
2956:
3251:
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2512:
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The increase of Ireland's non-white population started with the Irish boom of 1997 to 2009 is due in part to the laws which had governed
3537:
2384:
91:
4778:
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319:, also known as Rachael Crow, lived and worked throughout Ireland in the mid-18th century, as well as spending 10 years in England.
63:
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387:
44:
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A prominent example of racial discrimination against mixed-race children in Ireland and across Britain is the study conducted by
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following deportation, and that another daughter had died from the same procedure in 1994. Despite presenting her case to the
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Migrants Forum spokesperson, councillor Lilian Seenoi-Barr, was the first black African to be elected in Northern Ireland.
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77:
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110:
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59:
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2829:"'I'm proud to be a Derry girl' – former refugee Lilian Seenoi-Barr to become Northern Ireland's first black mayor"
996:
810:
761:
555:
3275:
2110:
809:, consisting of RĂ Anumudu and Chikemka Abuchi-Ogbonda, became the first Black Irish team to win the prestigious
637:
recorded 3,616 Black people in Northern Ireland (0.2% of the total population). The next census will be in 2021.
468:
236:
2666:
2057:
1804:
756:, becoming Northern Ireland's first Black councillor. She subsequently retained her place on the council at the
3530:
3345:
699:
after stating he would refuse to represent "black Africans" because of their "aggressiveness and bad manners".
516:
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48:
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825:Ă (speakers of the Irish language), and contributing to the evolution of the language, such as broadcasters
4317:
3410:
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283:
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1038:
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84:
2722:"SocDems say Ellie Kisyombe will run in election after 'correcting the chronology of her backstory'"
2667:"Kevin Sharkey pulls out of presidential race citing 'corruption', gives backing to Gemma O'Doherty"
709:
As of 2021, there are only two Black councillors out of 949 – Cllr. Uruemu Adejinmi, who represents
4392:
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3566:
3225:
512:
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481:
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since the creation of the Republic of Ireland in 1937. These laws, which granted citizenship
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1724:
1453:"Black and Irish: 'It's showing people that not all black people in Ireland are the same'"
8:
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3071:"Israel Olatunde becomes fastest Irish man ever as he nails sixth in European 100m final"
2025:"Portrait Unveiling: Programme: Hist250: 1770–2020: Trinity College Dublin: Jaja Wachuku"
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806:
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A number of black people from mainland Britain were stationed in Northern Ireland during
206:
3660:
2748:"Black Lives Matter campaigner Lilian Seenoi-Barr selected as new Derry SDLP councillor"
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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327:
274:
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4748:
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4414:
4282:
4173:
3929:
3904:
2695:"Making history: Gogglebox star elected as 'Ireland's first black female councillor'"
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2345:
2290:
2182:
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1935:
1864:
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1533:
1293:
1110:
938:
917:
353:
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508:
4521:
4190:
4143:
4111:
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3583:
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2325:
1523:
1329:
1323:
893:
592:
577:
565:
304:
4446:
2903:"Felispeaks and TolĂĽ Makay: African-Irish duo build on Tommy Tiernan Show success"
2028:
522:
Individual areas have been noted as having larger groups of people descended from
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4327:
4209:
4185:
4153:
4148:
4099:
4072:
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3968:
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1998:
1967:
1900:
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1215:
990:
842:
830:
826:
337:
323:
316:
307:
both resided in Ireland for several years before all three relocated to England.
198:
695:, the first Black mayor in Ireland. In 2011, Darren Scully resigned as mayor of
681:
4815:
4800:
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4228:
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4163:
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4012:
4002:
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2609:"Where are the Irish-Black and Irish-Polish TDs? Ethnic minorities in the Dáil"
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730:
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is a sprinter who has represented Ireland on numerous occasions. He holds the
710:
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4126:
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1939:
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1311:
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984:
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519:, the court found in 2011 that her use of forged documents was "inadequate".
1994:"The Hist': 250 years of self-indulgent theatrics and transformative debate"
1481:"'Duine de dhath': New phrase for 'person of colour' added to Irish lexicon"
273:
During the 18th century it was common and even fashionable for middle-class
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for the 60m and 100m sprints, and has been called "Ireland's fastest man".
718:
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614:
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437:
2774:"Black heritage means Northern Ireland is more than just Orange and Green"
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2928:"Maynooth University and TCD speaker win Irish Times Debate final awards"
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Examples of Black African students in Ireland during this period include
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influenced by the Irish vernacular and, in some cases, sing Irish songs.
245:
170:
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1947:
1923:
1876:
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is reputed to have responded "It’s a bit like being a pint of Guinness".
444:
in the 1940s and would later become a prominent statesman in his native
4758:
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2228:"Refugee reunification scheme opens to bring family members to Ireland"
2027:. Trinity College Dublin: University of Dublin: Ireland. Archived from
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1204:
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960:
852:
A number of players on Ireland's football team are of African descent.
822:
692:
630:
477:
394: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
349:
4027:
3047:
2456:"In Ireland, Lifting a Veil of Prejudice Against Mixed-Race Children"
2360:"Remembering the black lives murdered by Irish republican terrorists"
1173:
When once asked what it was like to be Black and Irish, the musician
1080:
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2111:"Irish Nationality And Citizenship Bill 2004 Explanatory Memorandum"
1963:"Former tánaiste recalls how she was refused entry to all-male club"
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26:
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An African's Life: The Life and Times of Olaudah Equiano, 1745–1797
1165:
Irish migration to Great Britain § Black and Asian communities
539:
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2387:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from
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Formerly enslaved people who visited or toured Ireland included
4104:
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3097:"Blistering Israel Olatunde smashes 60m national indoor record"
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821:
A number of Irish people of African descent are noted as being
542:
from conflict zones in North, East and Central Africa, such as
261:
186:
4497:
4121:
3120:"The rise and tragic fall of Thin Lizzy frontman Phil Lynott"
1895:
1893:
1089:, artist, political activist, and former television presenter
745:
547:
1924:"Immigration and Citizenship: African Immigrants in Ireland"
3043:"Gaeilge wakes up to include new term for people of colour"
3015:"Blue no longer: 'person of colour' added to Irish lexicon"
2681:"Balbriggan pushed 'to the edge,'claims candidate, Sharkey"
2253:"'Where are you really from?': Growing up black in Ireland"
802:
is one of a number of Irish authors with African heritage.
771:
696:
3172:
2803:"Lilian Seenoi-Barr: Kenyan woman elected councilor in UK"
1890:
488:
changed the qualifications for Irish citizenship in 2004.
1757:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 165.
576:
Many refugees from African countries reside in Ireland's
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A direct provision centre in Athlone, Republic of Ireland
2139:. Stationery Office, Dublin, Ireland. 2012. p. 37.
295:
and Edward, moved to London and established a business.
2957:"Haigh. I'm a black woman, and I happen to speak Irish"
2880:"The 'imported' priests saving Ireland's ageing clergy"
2490:"Group 'shocked' at racism conclusions in homes report"
2429:"The stories of African Irish in Mother and Baby Homes"
2086:"This is Ireland – Highlights from Census 2011, Part 1"
1263:
486:
Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
2513:"Moral Concern over Mixed Race Children in the 1930s"
2133:
This is Ireland – Highlights from Census 2011, Part 1
1398:
1396:
1394:
2279:"The Refugee and Migrant Crisis: Europe's Challenge"
2056:. Immigrant Council of Ireland. 2009. Archived from
1592:
1590:
1588:
1353:
993:, Irish singer-songwriters of Sierra Leonean descent
790:The poem 'For Our Mothers', by Nigerian-Irish poet
785:
768:, making her Northern Ireland's first black mayor.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2410:ACSONI report online, May 2011; seen on 24-11-2011
2091:. Dublin: Stationery Office. July 2007. p. 11
1391:
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721:, a former Gogglebox Ireland star who represents
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957:, rapper, singer, poet, grime and hip-hop artist
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1844:
1500:
760:. In April 2024, she was selected as the next
235:, are a multi-ethnic group of Irish people of
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2507:
2505:
1780:"The Caribbean Irish: the other Emerald Isle"
1404:"Census of Population 2022 – Summary Results"
1228:
1158:
620:
352:, often have Irish surnames, speak a form of
3252:Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service
2984:"Ennis woman joins RTÉ children's news team"
1901:"The hidden story of African-Irish children"
1203:, rock singer, bassist and lead vocalist of
2854:"The secret lives of Ireland's Protestants"
2538:"Mixed Race Studies » Muriel Fletcher"
1850:
1841:
484:countries in the Caribbean and Africa. The
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3290:
3276:
3165:
3151:
2502:
880:
675:
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2080:
2078:
1991:
1598:"'Foreign' Mixed Race Couples in Ireland"
1527:
687:In 2007, Nigerian refugee and politician
410:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2771:
2635:"Darren Scully resigns as Mayor of Naas"
1512:"Africans in Eighteenth-Century Ireland"
1168:
1140:
772:Impacts on Irish culture and integration
647:
642:Equality Commission for Northern Ireland
587:
564:
286:(1775–1783), Small fled his owners from
3247:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
3012:
2900:
2800:
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1992:Geoghegan, Patrick (16 February 2020).
1823:"Irish roots in the Caribbean run deep"
1722:
1478:
1450:
467:were, for a period, interpreted by the
4873:
3173:Immigration to the Republic of Ireland
2174:
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1960:
1750:
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1095:, actor of Irish-Greek-Rwandan descent
1077:, singer-songwriter and music producer
422:
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1921:
1699:"Ireland's Early Multiracial History"
1671:
794:(FeliSpeaks) is featured on the 2023
758:2023 Northern Ireland local elections
595:soldiers in Northern Ireland in 1942.
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2385:"Table KS06: Ethnic group (numbers)"
1509:
1451:Kaguako, Filomena (7 October 2023).
1264:Born, raised and resident in Britain
529:
392:adding citations to reliable sources
363:
161:Regions with significant populations
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
3040:
2901:Brennan, Marjorie (27 April 2021).
2559:"The 'Brown Babies' of World War 2"
2487:
2454:Hogan, Caelainn (15 January 2021).
1777:
1408:Central Statistics Office (Ireland)
1185:, author, academic, and broadcaster
754:Derry and Strabane District Council
583:
476:. Due to the fact that Ireland is
451:
427:
13:
2772:McFadden, Mark (18 October 2022).
2643:. 22 November 2011. Archived from
2283:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
1928:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
1857:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
359:
14:
4907:
3069:O'Riordan, Ian (16 August 2022).
2175:Morris, Natalie (15 April 2021).
860:
816:
501:Garda National Immigration Bureau
4854:
4845:
4844:
3727:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3118:Luck, Richard (20 August 2019).
3095:Allen, Greg (19 February 2022).
1853:"African Communities in Ireland"
1370:
1356:
1011:, television presenter and actor
951:, singer-songwriter and producer
811:Irish Times Debating Competition
786:Poetry, written, and spoken work
368:
25:
3111:
3088:
3062:
3034:
3006:
2976:
2945:
2920:
2894:
2871:
2846:
2827:White, Nadine (30 April 2024).
2820:
2801:Danflow, Lindwe (21 May 2023).
2794:
2765:
2746:Simpson, Claire (9 June 2021).
2739:
2713:
2687:
2673:
2659:
2627:
2601:
2576:
2551:
2530:
2488:Cox, Aengus (19 January 2021).
2481:
2447:
2421:
2403:
2377:
2352:
2309:
2270:
2245:
2220:
2195:
2168:
2124:
2103:
2043:
2017:
1985:
1961:Pollak, Sorcha (6 March 2020).
1954:
1915:
1815:
1797:
1771:
1744:
1716:
1691:
1672:Hogan, Liam (1 February 2020).
1665:
608:
599:
379:needs additional citations for
36:needs additional citations for
3013:Carroll, Rory (13 July 2021).
1723:William, Hart (October 2009).
1640:
1615:
1560:
1479:Carroll, Rory (13 July 2021).
1472:
1444:
1422:
517:European Court of Human Rights
1:
1730:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1384:
1249:, represented Ireland at the
999:, actress, singer, and writer
278:Ireland during this time was
16:Racial and multi-ethnic group
1851:Mutwarasibo, Fidèle (2002).
805:In July 2021, the team from
702:In 2018, Black Irish artist
680:Ireland has never elected a
340:people, especially those on
7:
3041:Cox, Sadbh (11 July 2021).
2720:Duffy, Rónán (4 May 2019).
2318:Journal of American Studies
2051:"Parents of an Irish Child"
1903:. BBC News. 4 December 2020
1674:"An Irish slave in Antigua"
1648:"Mixed Race Possibilities?"
1029:, rapper, singer-songwriter
963:, R&B singer-songwriter
855:
776:
153:11,032, 0.58% (2021 census)
10:
4912:
4886:African diaspora in Europe
4739:African diaspora religions
3863:Indigenous Black Canadians
1922:Ejorh, Theophilus (2007).
1229:Emigrants to United States
1162:
1159:Emigrants to Great Britain
947:, known professionally as
864:
627:2001 United Kingdom census
621:Post-Good Friday Agreement
511:in 2008 and as far as the
284:American Revolutionary War
268:
232:Daoine Goirme/Daoine Dubha
145:76,245, 1.5% (2022 census)
4891:People of African descent
4840:
4729:
4714:African Hebrew Israelites
4699:
4653:
4590:
4579:
4559:
4490:Afro-Asians in South Asia
4455:
4368:
4203:
4053:
3838:
3764:
3574:
3560:
3553:
3492:
3444:
3331:
3305:
3239:
3178:
2330:10.1017/S0021875812001764
1725:"Baptist (Crow), Rachael"
1529:10.1017/S0021121400015480
1005:, professional footballer
640:As well as help from the
562:have settled in Ireland.
505:female genital mutilation
197:
192:
165:
160:
136:
131:
60:"Black people in Ireland"
4896:Ethnic groups in Ireland
3756:Turks and Caicos Islands
1516:Irish Historical Studies
1430:"NI census 2021 figures"
841:Track and field athlete
836:
691:was elected as mayor of
513:Supreme Court of Ireland
2584:"Beyond 'Brown Babies'"
2415:27 October 2011 at the
1119:, scientist, model and
1107:, pop singer-songwriter
881:Black people in Ireland
766:Derry City and Strabane
715:Longford County Council
676:Black Irish in politics
536:European migrant crisis
215:Black people in Ireland
127:Black people in Ireland
4744:Anti-African sentiment
3299:Emigration from Africa
2277:Quinn, Eugene (2016).
1751:Walvin, James (1998).
1178:
748:, was co-opted by the
596:
570:
442:Trinity College Dublin
336:people descended from
292:Lord Edward Fitzgerald
230:
4796:Civil rights movement
4684:Afro-Caribbean people
3993:Chestnut Ridge people
3915:African-American Jews
3717:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2833:The Irish Independent
1568:"Multiracial Britain"
1172:
1141:Black Irish emigrants
648:Mother and Baby Homes
591:
568:
469:Department of Justice
4754:Atlantic slave trade
4442:United Arab Emirates
2669:. 17 September 2018.
2613:Irish Politics Forum
1510:Hart, W. A. (2002).
1247:Fionnghuala O'Reilly
1135:, rugby union player
871:adding missing items
744:and originally from
727:Meath County Council
388:improve this article
45:improve this article
4643:Sierra Leone Creole
4494:India and Pakistan
3739:Trinidad and Tobago
3589:Antigua and Barbuda
2647:on 23 November 2011
2391:on 14 December 2010
2156:on 13 November 2012
1623:"John and Mary Jea"
1342:Annie Yellowe Palma
1332:, former footballer
1320:, former footballer
1314:, former footballer
1222:Christopher Simpson
1212:, singer-songwriter
1191:, actress and model
1154:, former footballer
1146:Emigrants to France
1093:Christopher Simpson
1083:, former footballer
1041:, former footballer
914:, former footballer
807:Maynooth University
798:curriculum. Author
796:Leaving Certificate
660:Rachel Fleming and
633:. The UK census of
625:At the time of the
423:Republic of Ireland
141:Republic of Ireland
128:
4881:Black Irish people
4786:Black Lives Matter
4393:Ethiopian Israelis
4043:African immigrants
4018:Louisiana Redbones
3954:Chickasaw freedmen
3883:African immigrants
3651:Dominican Republic
2990:. 8 September 2017
2988:The Clare Champion
2460:The New York Times
2031:on 18 October 2020
1432:. 7 September 2022
1251:Miss Universe 2019
1179:
1069:Andrew Omobamidele
1053:, actor and singer
1047:, actor and singer
1017:, recording artist
738:Lilian Seenoi-Barr
597:
571:
524:Sub-Saharan Africa
328:Frederick Douglass
185: •
181: •
177: •
173: •
169: •
126:
4868:
4867:
4836:
4835:
4749:Anti-Black racism
4689:British Jamaicans
4679:African Americans
4664:African Americans
4618:Americo-Liberians
4603:African Americans
4575:
4574:
4398:Sudanese refugees
4199:
4198:
3969:Seminole freedmen
3949:Cherokee freedmen
3930:Black Southerners
3905:African Americans
3853:African Americans
3513:
3512:
3265:
3264:
2699:Irish Independent
2435:. 6 December 2020
2146:978-1-4064-2650-2
1805:"The Black Irish"
1294:Gabriel Gbadamosi
1111:Darren Sutherland
939:Christine Buckley
918:Robert Baloucoune
908:, social activist
530:2010s and present
458:Irish citizenship
440:, who studied at
420:
419:
412:
354:Caribbean English
212:
211:
207:African languages
121:
120:
113:
95:
4903:
4858:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4588:
4587:
3976:Creoles of color
3959:Choctaw freedmen
3925:Black Mennonites
3858:Black Mennonites
3705:Jamaican Maroons
3661:Samaná Americans
3572:
3571:
3558:
3557:
3547:African diaspora
3540:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3125:The New European
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2878:O'Donnell, Tim.
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2683:. 18 March 2017.
2677:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2588:The Mixed Museum
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2563:The Mixed Museum
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2517:The Mixed Museum
2509:
2500:
2499:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2433:IrishCentral.com
2425:
2419:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2364:newsletter.co.uk
2356:
2350:
2349:
2324:(4): 1131–1154.
2313:
2307:
2306:
2289:(419): 275–285.
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2149:. Archived from
2138:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2006:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1863:(364): 348–358.
1848:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1827:IrishCentral.com
1819:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1778:Siggins, Lorna.
1775:
1769:
1768:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1703:The Mixed Museum
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1652:The Mixed Museum
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1627:The Mixed Museum
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1602:The Mixed Museum
1594:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1572:The Mixed Museum
1564:
1558:
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1531:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1495:
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1439:
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1426:
1420:
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1417:
1415:
1400:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1330:Clinton Morrison
1324:David McGoldrick
1127:Derrick Williams
894:Rhasidat Adeleke
875:reliable sources
792:Felicia Olusanya
593:African American
584:Northern Ireland
578:direct provision
452:Celtic Tiger Era
428:Mid-20th Century
415:
408:
404:
401:
395:
372:
364:
305:William G. Allen
303:and the scholar
217:, also known as
149:Northern Ireland
132:Total population
129:
125:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4832:
4806:Genetic history
4731:
4725:
4701:
4695:
4675:United Kingdom
4649:
4628:Afro-Brazilians
4583:
4581:
4571:
4555:
4460:
4451:
4364:
4207:
4195:
4055:
4049:
3920:Alabama Creoles
3840:
3834:
3766:
3760:
3565:
3549:
3544:
3514:
3509:
3488:
3440:
3327:
3301:
3296:
3266:
3261:
3235:
3174:
3171:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3075:The Irish Times
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3011:
3007:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2962:The Irish Times
2955:(4 July 2020).
2953:Ola Majekodunmi
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2932:The Irish Times
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2858:The Irish Times
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2799:
2795:
2782:
2780:
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2766:
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2754:
2744:
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2730:
2728:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2615:. 13 March 2020
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2556:
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2531:
2521:
2519:
2511:
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2503:
2486:
2482:
2472:
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2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2417:Wayback Machine
2408:
2404:
2394:
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2382:
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2368:
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2259:
2257:The Irish Times
2251:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2232:The Irish Times
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2203:"Little Brazil"
2201:
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2064:
2063:on 12 June 2009
2060:
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2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2004:
2002:
1999:The Irish Times
1990:
1986:
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1968:The Irish Times
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1784:The Irish Times
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1371:
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1308:, Irish actress
1266:
1231:
1216:Darren Randolph
1210:Cassia O'Reilly
1167:
1161:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1075:Cassia O'Reilly
991:Garnett sisters
883:
878:
863:
858:
843:Israel Olatunde
839:
831:Ola Majekodunmi
827:Zainab Boladale
819:
788:
779:
774:
678:
658:anthropologists
650:
623:
611:
602:
586:
532:
454:
430:
425:
416:
405:
399:
396:
385:
373:
362:
360:Since Partition
338:Irish Caribbean
324:Olaudah Equiano
317:Rachael Baptist
271:
223:Black and Irish
199:Hiberno-English
156:
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117:
106:
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54:
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4816:Pan-Africanism
4813:
4808:
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4801:Creole peoples
4798:
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4517:Black Dutchmen
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3990:
3985:
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3964:Creek freedmen
3961:
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3935:Black Hispanic
3932:
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1336:Lanre Oyebanjo
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1306:Dolores Mantez
1303:
1300:Anthony Joshua
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1284:, former boxer
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1276:Cyrus Christie
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888:Rotimi Adebari
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857:
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817:Irish language
815:
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736:In June 2021,
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689:Rotimi Adebari
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3940:Black Indians
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3910:Affrilachians
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3811:Miskito Sambu
3809:
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2726:TheJournal.ie
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2701:. 27 May 2019
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1410:. 30 May 2023
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1364:Africa portal
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4567:Saint Helena
4503:in Karnataka
4420:Saudi Arabia
4272:
3988:Brass Ankles
3629:Cape Verdean
3365:
3216:South Asians
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1338:, footballer
1326:, footballer
1290:, footballer
1278:, footballer
1237:, pop singer
1218:, footballer
1197:, footballer
1152:Kwame Ampadu
1129:, footballer
1121:Miss Ireland
1071:, footballer
1039:Paul McGrath
1035:, footballer
1015:Laura Izibor
975:, footballer
930:, goalkeeper
928:Gavin Bazunu
912:Kwame Ampadu
902:, politician
900:Yemi Adenuga
890:, politician
867:dynamic list
851:
847:Irish record
840:
820:
804:
789:
780:
735:
719:Yemi Adenuga
717:, and Cllr.
708:
701:
686:
682:Teachta Dála
679:
670:World War II
667:
655:
651:
639:
624:
615:The Troubles
612:
609:The Troubles
603:
600:World War II
575:
572:
533:
521:
497:Celtic Tiger
494:
490:
482:Commonwealth
461:
455:
438:Jaja Wachuku
435:
431:
406:
397:
386:Please help
381:verification
378:
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123:Ethnic group
107:
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
4826:Reparations
4791:Black power
4539:New Zealand
4370:Middle East
4323:Switzerland
4283:Netherlands
3998:Dominickers
3873:Nova Scotia
3791:El Salvador
3722:Saint Lucia
3712:Puerto Rico
3505:New Zealand
3416:Switzerland
3376:Netherlands
3206:Lithuanians
3131:28 November
3001:gaeilgeoir.
2651:22 November
2178:Mixed/Other
1348:Kit de Waal
1288:Liam George
1282:John Conteh
1257:Emma Dabiri
1201:Phil Lynott
1183:Emma Dabiri
1175:Phil Lynott
1099:Rejjie Snow
1045:Omero Mumba
1021:Ebun Joseph
997:Marsha Hunt
979:Lucia Evans
922:rugby union
906:Ifrah Ahmed
800:Emma Dabiri
711:Fianna Fáil
275:Anglo-Irish
219:Black Irish
4875:Categories
4759:Coromantee
4174:Paramaccan
4088:Quilombola
4028:Melungeons
3786:Costa Rica
3695:Coromantee
3191:Brazilians
3103:7 December
3080:7 December
2752:Irish News
2118:oireachtas
1436:15 October
1385:References
1259:, academic
1241:Ruth Negga
1205:Thin Lizzy
1133:Simon Zebo
1117:Pamela Uba
1057:Ruth Negga
1023:, academic
961:Erica Cody
941:, activist
865:This is a
823:Gaeilgeoir
782:parishes.
693:Portlaoise
631:mixed-race
478:Anglophone
350:Montserrat
290:, finding
280:Tony Small
101:April 2023
71:newspapers
4580:Secondary
4544:Sri Lanka
4522:Mardijker
4512:Indonesia
4483:Hong Kong
4478:Guangzhou
4468:Australia
4415:Palestine
4343:Liverpool
4338:Cambridge
4191:Venezuela
4063:Argentina
3818:Nicaragua
3796:Guatemala
3576:Caribbean
3554:Geography
3500:Australia
3464:Indonesia
3459:Hong Kong
3211:Nigerians
3201:Filipinos
3186:Americans
3048:The Times
2468:0362-4331
2395:4 January
2346:145077924
2295:0039-3495
2181:. Orion.
1940:0039-3495
1869:0039-3495
1554:163774589
1538:0021-1214
1081:Paul Osam
1059:, actress
1003:Adam Idah
934:Leon Best
896:, athlete
740:, who is
723:Fine Gael
538:of 2015,
258:Waterford
193:Languages
183:Waterford
4850:Category
4700:Asia and
4669:Haitians
4624:Nigeria
4614:Liberia
4584:diaspora
4560:Atlantic
4534:Malaysia
4435:Africans
4353:Scotland
4298:Portugal
4219:Abkhazia
4179:Saramaka
4154:Suriname
4144:Paraguay
4132:Saramaka
4100:Colombia
4078:Kalungas
4008:Garifuna
3944:Freedmen
3895:Mascogos
3828:CimarrĂłn
3801:Honduras
3779:Garifuna
3749:Merikins
3732:Garifuna
3646:Dominica
3604:Barbados
3584:Anguilla
3562:Americas
3484:Malaysia
3435:Scotland
3391:Portugal
3306:Americas
2807:The Star
2778:ITV News
2593:28 March
2568:28 March
2543:30 March
2522:30 March
2413:Archived
2338:24485878
2303:24871398
1948:27896434
1882:27 April
1877:30095581
1833:25 March
1789:25 March
1708:22 March
1683:22 March
1657:22 March
1632:22 March
1607:22 March
1577:22 March
1546:30006953
1350:, writer
1344:, author
1101:, rapper
1065:, rapper
981:, singer
920:, Irish
856:In media
777:Religion
540:refugees
463:jus soli
400:May 2021
342:Barbados
301:John Jea
242:Limerick
167:Limerick
4860:Commons
4821:Slavery
4811:Maroons
4730:Related
4702:Oceania
4660:France
4549:Kaffirs
4461:Oceania
4328:Ukraine
4303:Romania
4273:Ireland
4256:Germany
4239:Finland
4234:Denmark
4229:Belgium
4224:Austria
4186:Uruguay
4164:Matawai
4112:Ecuador
4083:Macombo
4068:Bolivia
4056:America
3878:Ontario
3841:America
3767:America
3765:Central
3690:Jamaica
3678:Marabou
3668:Grenada
3641:Curaçao
3609:Bermuda
3599:Bahamas
3493:Oceania
3426:Ukraine
3396:Romania
3366:Ireland
3356:Germany
3346:Finland
3341:Belgium
3257:Stamp 4
3196:Chinese
2994:14 June
2937:22 July
2912:22 July
2886:23 July
2863:23 July
2731:23 July
2705:23 July
2619:22 July
2473:22 July
2439:22 July
2369:22 July
2262:22 July
2237:26 June
2212:22 July
2160:12 July
2067:11 July
1907:22 July
1302:, boxer
1272:, actor
1253:pageant
1243:, actor
1224:, actor
1027:Jafaris
987:, actor
752:to the
668:During
560:Burundi
552:Somalia
544:Eritrea
446:Nigeria
346:Jamaica
313:Antigua
269:History
254:Kinsale
250:Belfast
237:African
179:Kinsale
175:Belfast
85:scholar
4779:Yoruba
4732:topics
4709:Israel
4654:Europe
4599:Ghana
4592:Africa
4430:Turkey
4405:Jordan
4388:Israel
4348:London
4318:Sweden
4308:Russia
4293:Poland
4288:Norway
4266:Blacks
4261:Greece
4244:France
4210:Blacks
4205:Europe
4169:Ndyuka
4159:Kwinti
4139:Guyana
4127:Ndyuka
4105:Raizal
4073:Brazil
4038:Yoruba
4023:Lumbee
4003:Fulani
3981:Gullah
3890:Mexico
3848:Canada
3823:Panama
3774:Belize
3683:Marron
3656:Cocolo
3474:Israel
3421:Turkey
3411:Sweden
3401:Russia
3386:Poland
3381:Norway
3361:Greece
3351:France
3333:Europe
3313:Canada
3226:Romani
3179:Groups
3054:15 May
3026:15 May
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2812:21 May
2783:14 May
2757:21 May
2640:RTÉ.ie
2495:RTÉ.ie
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1678:Medium
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924:player
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348:, and
262:Dublin
260:, and
225:or in
187:Dublin
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4769:Kongo
4721:Japan
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4529:Japan
4498:Siddi
4473:China
4447:Yemen
4425:Syria
4358:Wales
4313:Spain
4278:Italy
4249:Paris
4122:Aluku
4095:Chile
4054:South
4013:Igbos
3839:North
3700:Igbos
3673:Haiti
3624:Arará
3594:Aruba
3479:Japan
3454:China
3406:Spain
3371:Italy
3231:Turks
3221:Poles
3099:. RTÉ
2882:. BBC
2838:5 May
2342:S2CID
2334:JSTOR
2299:JSTOR
2154:(PDF)
2137:(PDF)
2114:(PDF)
2089:(PDF)
2061:(PDF)
2054:(PDF)
1944:JSTOR
1873:JSTOR
1550:S2CID
1542:JSTOR
1492:6 May
1464:6 May
1105:Soulé
949:Jazzy
873:with
837:Sport
746:Kenya
556:Congo
548:Sudan
227:Irish
203:Irish
92:JSTOR
78:books
4764:Igbo
4633:Saro
4457:Asia
4410:Oman
4383:Iraq
4378:Iran
4149:Peru
3619:Cuba
3469:Iran
3446:Asia
3133:2022
3105:2023
3082:2023
3056:2023
3028:2023
2996:2020
2970:2023
2939:2021
2914:2021
2888:2021
2865:2021
2840:2024
2814:2023
2785:2023
2759:2023
2733:2021
2707:2021
2653:2011
2621:2021
2595:2022
2570:2022
2545:2022
2524:2022
2475:2021
2464:ISSN
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2397:2011
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2291:ISSN
2264:2021
2239:2018
2214:2021
2183:ISBN
2162:2012
2141:ISBN
2097:2007
2069:2010
2037:2020
2007:2023
1976:2023
1936:ISSN
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1865:ISSN
1835:2022
1791:2022
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1438:2022
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750:SDLP
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